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ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES and PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS of SHRUB EXPANSION in WESTERN ALASKA by Molly Tankersley Mcdermott, B.A./B.S
Arthropod communities and passerine diet: effects of shrub expansion in Western Alaska Item Type Thesis Authors McDermott, Molly Tankersley Download date 26/09/2021 06:13:39 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/7893 ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES AND PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS OF SHRUB EXPANSION IN WESTERN ALASKA By Molly Tankersley McDermott, B.A./B.S. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks August 2017 APPROVED: Pat Doak, Committee Chair Greg Breed, Committee Member Colleen Handel, Committee Member Christa Mulder, Committee Member Kris Hundertmark, Chair Department o f Biology and Wildlife Paul Layer, Dean College o f Natural Science and Mathematics Michael Castellini, Dean of the Graduate School ABSTRACT Across the Arctic, taller woody shrubs, particularly willow (Salix spp.), birch (Betula spp.), and alder (Alnus spp.), have been expanding rapidly onto tundra. Changes in vegetation structure can alter the physical habitat structure, thermal environment, and food available to arthropods, which play an important role in the structure and functioning of Arctic ecosystems. Not only do they provide key ecosystem services such as pollination and nutrient cycling, they are an essential food source for migratory birds. In this study I examined the relationships between the abundance, diversity, and community composition of arthropods and the height and cover of several shrub species across a tundra-shrub gradient in northwestern Alaska. To characterize nestling diet of common passerines that occupy this gradient, I used next-generation sequencing of fecal matter. Willow cover was strongly and consistently associated with abundance and biomass of arthropods and significant shifts in arthropod community composition and diversity. -
Methods and Work Profile
REVIEW OF THE KNOWN AND POTENTIAL BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS OF PHYTOPHTHORA AND THE LIKELY IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES JANUARY 2011 Simon Conyers Kate Somerwill Carmel Ramwell John Hughes Ruth Laybourn Naomi Jones Food and Environment Research Agency Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ 2 CONTENTS Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 8 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 13 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................ 13 1.2 Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 15 2. Review of the potential impacts on species of higher trophic groups .................... 16 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 16 2.2 Methods ............................................................................................................................. 16 2.3 Results ............................................................................................................................... 17 2.4 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 44 3. Review of the potential impacts on ecosystem services ....................................... -
New Records of Microlepidoptera in Alberta, Canada
Volume 59 2005 Number 2 Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 59(2), 2005, 61-82 NEW RECORDS OF MICROLEPIDOPTERA IN ALBERTA, CANADA GREGORY R. POHL Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 - 122 St., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5 email: [email protected] CHARLES D. BIRD Box 22, Erskine, Alberta, Canada T0C 1G0 email: [email protected] JEAN-FRANÇOIS LANDRY Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6 email: [email protected] AND GARY G. ANWEILER E.H. Strickland Entomology Museum, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H1 email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Fifty-seven species of microlepidoptera are reported as new for the Province of Alberta, based primarily on speci- mens in the Northern Forestry Research Collection of the Canadian Forest Service, the University of Alberta Strickland Museum, the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes, and the personal collections of the first two authors. These new records are in the families Eriocraniidae, Prodoxidae, Tineidae, Psychidae, Gracillariidae, Ypsolophidae, Plutellidae, Acrolepi- idae, Glyphipterigidae, Elachistidae, Glyphidoceridae, Coleophoridae, Gelechiidae, Xyloryctidae, Sesiidae, Tortricidae, Schrecken- steiniidae, Epermeniidae, Pyralidae, and Crambidae. These records represent the first published report of the families Eriocrani- idae and Glyphidoceridae in Alberta, of Acrolepiidae in western Canada, and of Schreckensteiniidae in Canada. Tetragma gei, Tegeticula -
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Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 19(5) 2020, 129–142 https://czasopisma.up.lublin.pl/index.php/asphc ISSN 1644-0692 e-ISSN 2545-1405 DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2020.5.13 ORIGINAL PAPER Accepted: 28.11.2019 THE EFFECT OF VEGETATION IN APPLE ORCHARD EDGES ON THE PHENOLOGY OF PARASITOIDS FROM THE SUBFAMILY Pimplinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) Hanna Piekarska-Boniecka1, Joanna Zyprych-Walczak2 , Idzi Siatkowski2, Tadeusz Barczak3 1 Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland 2 Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland 3 Department of Biology and Animal Environment, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Hetmańska 33, 85-039 Bydgoszcz, Poland ABSTRACT Wild vegetation neighbouring orchards may be a factor attracting imagines of parasitoids from the subfam- ily Pimplinae into fruit tree plantations and thus increase both their species diversity and population size in this habitat. For this reason in the years 2008–2010 a study was initiated on the phenology of 8 dominant Pimplinae species in apple orchards and on their edges, which included shrubberies and roadside avenues of trees and shrubs. Slightly higher numbers of Pimplinae were recorded in orchards compared to their edges. At strong correlation was observed between the counts of Pimplinae in both habitats. The preference of selec- tion of orchards by Pimplinae was observed in the autumn period, while no such preference was found in the spring or summer months. Analyses showed that flowering plants in the orchard edges such asTilia cordata, Symphoricarpos albus, Cirsium arvense and Galium aparine may have attracted Pimplinae to the orchards. -
A-Razowski X.Vp:Corelventura
Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 46(3): 269-275, Kraków, 30 Sep., 2003 Reassessment of forewing pattern elements in Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) Józef RAZOWSKI Received: 15 March, 2003 Accepted for publication: 20 May, 2003 RAZOWSKI J. 2003. Reassessment of forewing pattern elements in Tortricidae (Lepidop- tera). Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 46(3): 269-275. Abstract. Forewing pattern elements of moths in the family Tortricidae are discussed and characterized. An historical review of the terminology is provided. A new system of nam- ing pattern elements is proposed. Key words. Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, forewing pattern, analysis, terminology. Józef RAZOWSKI, Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, S³awkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland. E-mail: razowski.isez.pan.krakow.pl I. INTRODUCTION Early tortricid workers such as HAWORTH (1811), HERRICH-SCHHÄFFER (1856), and others pre- sented the first terminology for forewing pattern elements in their descriptions of new species. Nearly a century later, SÜFFERT (1929) provided a more eclectic discussion of pattern elements for Lepidoptera in general. In recent decades, the common and repeated use of specific terms in de- scriptions and illustrations by FALKOVITSH (1966), DANILEVSKY and KUZNETZOV (1968), and oth- ers reinforced these terms in Tortricidae. BRADLEY et al. (1973) summarized and commented on all the English terms used to describe forewing pattern elements. DANILEVSKY and KUZNETZOV (1968) and KUZNETZOV (1978) analyzed tortricid pattern elements, primarily Olethreutinae, dem- onstrating the taxonomic significance of the costal strigulae in that subfamily. For practical pur- poses they numbered the strigulae from the forewing apex to the base, where the strigulae often become indistinct. KUZNETZOV (1978) named the following forewing elements in Tortricinae: ba- sal fascia, subterminal fascia, outer fascia (comprised of subapical blotch and outer blotch), apical spot, and marginal line situated in the marginal fascia (a component of the ground colour). -
On the Fauna of Casebearers from the Centre of the European Part of Russia (Lepidoptera, Coleophoridae) by V a S S Il Y V
Atalanta (Juli 2004) 35(1/2): 133-140, Wurzburg, ISSN 0171-0079 On the fauna of casebearers from the centre of the European part of Russia (Lepidoptera, Coleophoridae) by V a s s il y V. A n ik in & Ir in a V. S h m yto v a received 30.1.2004 Abstract: 47 species of the casebearers (Lepidoptera, Coleophoridae) are recorded from the centre of the European part of Russia. The first investigation in the Lepidoptera from the centre of the European part of Russia was made about 200 years ago. Inspite of it the fauna of Coleophoridae of this territory still has been almost completely unknown until present time. In the course of our study, collections were made from 1984 to 1999 in some parts of Kaluga, Smolensk, Oryel provinces (I. V. Shmytova leg.) and Tula province (L. V. Bolshakov, C. A. Rjabov, A. F. Lakomov leg.). This territory is mainly composed of forest as well as forest-steppe zones (fig. 1). Kaluga, Smolensk and some regions of Tula provinces are typical for the occurence of coniferous (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), broad-leaved (Quercus robur L., Ulmus L, Tilia cordata Mill., Fraxinus excel sior L.) and small-leaved forests (Betula L., Populus tremula L., Alnus Mill., Salix L.). Pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) are spread here on the sandy lands. The elements of steppe flora are met mainly in Tula and Oryel provinces, but along the valleys of rivers they penetrate to the north and north-west. It consists of species of Festuca L., Koeleria Pers., Stipa L., Phleum L., Flelictitrichon Bess., Poa L., Ranunculus L, Galium L., Anem one L., Salvia L. -
False Codling Moth Thaumatotibia Leucotreta
Stone Fruit Commodity-Based Pest Survey False Codling Moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta Introduction False codling moth (Figure 1) is a significant pest because of its potential economic impact on many crops, including stone fruit, avocado, citrus, corn, cotton, and macadamia. It is not currently known to be present in the United States. Biology Depending on conditions, the false codling moth’s life cycle ranges from 30 to 174 days. It can produce from 2 to 10 generations each year, depending on multiple factors including temperature, food availability and quality, and humidity. To attract males, adult females release pheromones at FIGURE 1. Adult false codling moth (Thaumatotibia leucotreta). Photo courtesy of night. After the adults mate, the female deposits eggs on Pest and Diseases Image Library, Bugwood.org. host plants, either in batches or as single eggs. Later, the hatching larvae burrow into the rind of the host plant. Mature larvae spin cocoons and pupate before they emerge as adults. Symptoms False codling moth can attack stone fruit at any stage. Larvae can even develop in hard green fruit prior to application of control measures. Larvae burrow at the stem end into the fruit and cause damage by feeding around the stone. Damaged fruit can become vulnerable to secondary pests such as fungal organisms and scavengers. Peaches can be damaged by larvae beginning up to 6 weeks before harvest. False codling moth can also attack plants unsuitable for larvae development, such as avocado, causing lesions on fruit tissue and diminishing the marketability of fruit. Because false codling moth is an internal feeder, few symptoms are actually displayed by the larvae. -
Moth Surveys 2020
Table of Contents Introduction 2 Visit 1 – 20th May, 2020 2 Visit 2 – 15th June, 2020 3 Visit 3 – 14th July, 2020 4 Visit 4 – 8th August, 2020 5 Visit 5 – 8th September, 2020 6 Visit 6 – 10th November, 2020 7 Summary 8 Acknowledgements 8 Appendix I – Recording Details 8 Appendix II – The Complete List 2020 8 Appendix III – National Status & Foodplants 15 Appendix IV – Other Wildlife Recorded During Survey 21 Some Photos From Sun Rising 2020 22 Cover Photo: 2064 (72.024) Ruby Tiger (Phragmatobia fuliginosa) 8th September, 2020 All photos in this report taken at Sun Rising by A. Prior © 2020 1 Sun Rising NBG Moth Surveys 2020 Introduction After the atrocious weather experienced going back to the last couple of months of 2019 it seems miraculous that six visits were made to Sun Rising during 2020. Throw in a frustrating global virus and it is even more so! Most were arranged at very short notice to take advantage of whatever decent weather was on offer. There were a couple of breezy nights, but they were mild enough to make them worthwhile and all were productive with additions of new species to further lengthen the site list. Visit 1 – 20th May, 2020 The weather finally relented towards the end of May and after all that had gone on earlier in the year it was decided that Martin Kennard and I should use this as a “test” night to see if we could carry on moth recording safely. Neither of us thought there should be any problem with that as by the very nature of moth recording we are widely separated. -
January Review of Butterfly, Moth and Other Natural History Sightings 2019
Review of butterfly, moth and other natural history sightings 2019 January January started dry and settled but mostly cloudy with high pressure dominant, and it remained generally dry and often mild during the first half of the month. The second half became markedly cooler with overnight frosts and the last week saw a little precipitation, some which was occasionally wintry. With the mild weather continuing from December 2018 there were a small number of migrant moths noted in January, comprising a Dark Sword-grass at Seabrook on the 5th, a Silver Y there on the 13th and 2 Plutella xylostella (Diamond-back Moths) there on the 15th, whilst a very unseasonal Dark Arches at Hythe on the 4th may have been of immigrant origin. Dark Sword-grass at Seabrook (Paul Howe) Dark Arches at Hythe (Ian Roberts) More typical species involved Epiphyas postvittana (Light Brown Apple Moth), Satellite, Mottled Umber, Winter Moth, Chestnut, Spring Usher and Early Moth. Early Moth at Seabrook (Paul Howe) Spring Usher at Seabrook (Paul Howe) The only butterfly noted was a Red Admiral at Nickolls Quarry on the 1st but the mild weather encouraged single Buff-tailed Bumblebees to appear at Seabrook on the 7th and Mill Point on the 8th, whilst a Minotaur Beetle was attracted to light at Seabrook on the 6th. A Common Seal and two Grey Seals were noted regularly off Folkestone, whilst at Hare was seen near Botolph’s Bridge on the 1st and a Mink was noted there on the 17th. February After a cold start to the month it was generally mild from the 5th onwards. -
Bugs & Beasties of the Western Rhodopes
Bugs and Beasties of the Western Rhodopes (a photoguide to some lesser-known species) by Chris Gibson and Judith Poyser [email protected] Yagodina At Honeyguide, we aim to help you experience the full range of wildlife in the places we visit. Generally we start with birds, flowers and butterflies, but we don’t ignore 'other invertebrates'. In the western Rhodopes they are just so abundant and diverse that they are one of the abiding features of the area. While simply experiencing this diversity is sufficient for some, as naturalists many of us want to know more, and in particular to be able to give names to what we see. Therein lies the problem: especially in eastern Europe, there are few books covering the invertebrates in any comprehensive way. Hence this photoguide – while in no way can this be considered an ‘eastern Chinery’, it at least provides a taster of the rich invertebrate fauna you may encounter, based on a couple of Honeyguide holidays we have led in the western Rhodopes during June. We stayed most of the time in a tight area around Yagodina, and almost anything we saw could reasonably be expected to be seen almost anywhere around there in the right habitat. Most of the photos were taken in 2014, with a few additional ones from 2012. While these creatures have found their way into the lists of the holiday reports, relatively few have been accompanied by photos. We have attempted to name the species depicted, using the available books and the vast resources of the internet, but in many cases it has not been possible to be definitive and the identifications should be treated as a ‘best fit’. -
Moths of Poole Harbour Species List
Moths of Poole Harbour is a project of Birds of Poole Harbour Moths of Poole Harbour Species List Birds of Poole Harbour & Moths of Poole Harbour recording area The Moths of Poole Harbour Project The ‘Moths of Poole Harbour’ project (MoPH) was established in 2017 to gain knowledge of moth species occurring in Poole Harbour, Dorset, their distribution, abundance and to some extent, their habitat requirements. The study area uses the same boundaries as the Birds of Poole Harbour (BoPH) project. Abigail Gibbs and Chris Thain, previous Wardens on Brownsea Island for Dorset Wildlife Trust (DWT), were invited by BoPH to undertake a study of moths in the Poole Harbour recording area. This is an area of some 175 square kilometres stretching from Corfe Castle in the south to Canford Heath in the north of the conurbation and west as far as Wareham. 4 moth traps were purchased for the project; 3 Mercury Vapour (MV) Robinson traps with 50m extension cables and one Actinic, Ultra-violet (UV) portable Heath trap running from a rechargeable battery. This was the capability that was deployed on most of the ensuing 327 nights of trapping. Locations were selected using a number of criteria: Habitat, accessibility, existing knowledge (previously well-recorded sites were generally not included), potential for repeat visits, site security and potential for public engagement. Field work commenced from late July 2017 and continued until October. Generally, in the years 2018 – 2020 trapping field work began in March/ April and ran on until late October or early November, stopping at the first frost. -
Thaumatotibia Leucotreta
Thaumatotibia leucotreta Scientific Name Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) Synonyms: Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick), Cryptophlebia roerigii Zacher Olethreutes leucotreta Meyrick Thaumatotibia roerigii Zacher Common Name(s) False codling moth, citrus codling moth, orange moth, and orange codling moth Type of Pest Moth Figure 1. Larva of Thaumatotibia leucotreta (T. Grove Taxonomic Position and W. Styn, bugwood.org). Class: Insecta, Order: Lepidoptera, Family: Tortricidae Reason for Inclusion CAPS Target: AHP Prioritized Pest List - 2003 through 2014 Pest Description Eggs: Eggs are flat, oval (0.77 mm long by 0.60 mm wide) shaped discs with a granulated surface. The eggs are white to cream colored when initially laid. They change to a reddish color before the black head capsule of the larvae becomes visible under the chorion prior to hatching (Daiber, 1979a). 1 Larvae: First instar (neonate) larvae approximately 1 to 1.2 mm (< /16 in) in length with dark pinacula giving a spotted appearance, fifth instar larvae are orangey-pink, 1 becoming more pale on sides and yellow in ventral region, 12 to 18 mm (approx. /2 to 11 /16 in) long, with a brown head capsule and prothoracic shield (Fig. 1). [Note this coloration is only present in live specimens.] The last abdominal segment bears an anal comb with two to ten “teeth.” The mean head capsule width for the first through fifth instar larvae has been recorded as: 0.22, 0.37, 0.61, 0.94 and 1.37 mm, respectively (Daiber, 1979b). Diagnostic characters would include the anal comb with two to ten teeth in addition to: L pinaculum on T1 enlarged and extending beneath and beyond (posterad of) the spiracle; spiracle on A8 displaced posterad of SD pinaculum; crochets unevenly triordinal, 36-42; L-group on A9 usually trisetose (all setae usually on same pinaulum) (Brown, 2011).