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Temporal ,Infratemporal and Pterygoplatine Fossae 11-10-2017

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Temporal ,Infratemporal and Pterygoplatine Fossae 11-10-2017 Temporal ,infratemporal and pterygoplatine fossae 11-10-2017 At the end of the lecture you should be able to : Osteology of temporal ,infratemporal and pterygoplatine fossae The boundaries of the temporal a, infratemporal and pterygoplatine fossae The contents of temporal ,infratemporal and pterygoplatine fossae Temporal fossa: Temporal fossa is fan shaped space that covers lateral surface of skull, bounded by temporal lines and terminating below the level of zygomatic arch Boundaries: 1.Anteriorly: Posterior surface of the frontal process of the zygomatic bone and the posterior surface of the zygomatic process of the frontal bone. 2.Superiorly &posteriorly: Pair of temporal lines (superior and inferior temporal lines) that arch across the skull from the zygomatic process of the frontal bone to the supramastoid crest of the temporal bone Inferiorly : Zygomatic arch laterally and by the infratemporal crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid medially. 1 Temporal ,infratemporal and pterygoplatine fossae 11-10-2017 The CONTENTS: 1.Temporalis muscle: * Temporalis muscle: fan shaped muscle originates from superior temporal line. Its fibres converge inferiorly to form a tendon which attaches to the anterior surface of coronoid process of mandible . A powerful elevator and rectractor of mandible . Innervated by the deep temporal nerves branch of mandibular nerve . Blood supplied :by the deep temporal arteries and middle temporal artery. 2. Fascia covers temporalis 3.Deep temporal N&V Usually 2 in number arises from the anterior branch of mandibular nerve in the infratemporal fossa ;pass superiorly ,around the infratemporal crest of the sphenoid bone, deep to temporalis muscle to innervate it. 2 Temporal ,infratemporal and pterygoplatine fossae 11-10-2017 4. Middle temporal artery a branch of Superficial temporal artery peneterates the temporal fascia and goes deep to temporalis muscle ;supplies temporalis muscle and anastomoses with deep temporal artery. 5.Zygomatico temporal nerve from maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve : . penetrates temporal fascia to supply skin of the temple . 3 Temporal ,infratemporal and pterygoplatine fossae 11-10-2017 Infratemporal fossa: Is an irregularly shaped cavity ,situated below and medial to the zygomatic arch .It is not fully enclosed by bone in all direction ,and contains superficial muscles that are visible during dissection after removing of skin and fascia: Boundaries: *Superficial (lateral): Ramus of mandible and coronoid process Deep (medial): Lateral pterygoid plate *Superior: Infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid with foramena ovale and spinosum *Anterior: Tuberosity of maxilla *Posterior : Styloid process of occipital bone. *Inferiorly : continuous with deep fascia . 4 Temporal ,infratemporal and pterygoplatine fossae 11-10-2017 COMMUNICATIONS: 1. With temporal fossa: through a gap deep to zygomatic arch 2. With cranial cavity: through foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, foramen lacerum 3. With orbit: through inferior orbital fissure 4. With pterygopalatine fossa: through pterygomaxillary fissure The contents : 1.Muscles of mastication * medial and lateral pterygoids are located within the fossa *masseter and temporalis muscles insert and originate into the borders of the fossa. 5 Temporal ,infratemporal and pterygoplatine fossae 11-10-2017 2. A part of maxillary artery & its branches: Maxillary artery (terminal branch of the external carotid artery) travels through the infratemporal fossa. Within the fossa, it gives rise to the middle meningeal artery, which travels into the cranial cavity via the foramen spinosum. Clinically this is important as a site of traumatic bleed as the middle meningeal passes underneath the pterion. 3. Pterygoid plexus of veins: is directly connected to the cavernous sinus, and drains the eye and its locality. Infections of the skin and eye socket are able to track back into the plexus, and on up into the cavernous sinus where meningitis is a substantial risk. 6 Temporal ,infratemporal and pterygoplatine fossae 11-10-2017 4. Mandibular nerve & its branches It enters the fossa via the foramen ovale, giving rise to motor and sensory branches. 5. Auriculotemporal, buccal, lingual and inferior alveolar nerves – sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve. 6.Chorda tympani : a branch of the facial nerve .It follows the anatomical course of the lingual nerve and provides taste innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. 7 Temporal ,infratemporal and pterygoplatine fossae 11-10-2017 7.Otic ganglion – a parasympathetic collection of neurone cell bodies located below foramen ovale. Nerve fibres leaving this ganglion ‘along the auriculotemporal nerve to supply secretomotor fibres to parotid salivary gland Pterygoplatine Fossa Cone-shaped paired depression deep to the infratemporal fossa and posterior to the maxilla on each side of the skull, located between the pterygoid process and the maxillary tuberosity, It has the following boundaries: anteriorly: posterior surface of maxilla posteriorly: root of the pterygoid process and adjoining anterior surface of the greater wing of sphenoid bone medially: perpendicular plate of the palatine bone lateraliy: pterygomaxillary fissure 8 Temporal ,infratemporal and pterygoplatine fossae 11-10-2017 The contents : • The maxillary nerve [V2] • 2. Terminal part of the maxillary artery • 3. Nerve of the pterygoid canal • 4. The pterygopalatine ganglion • 5. Veins and lymphatic's also pass through the pterygopalatine fossa. 9 Temporal ,infratemporal and pterygoplatine fossae 11-10-2017 Question : Which nerve is responsible for sensation in the posterior third of the tongue? 10 .
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