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EDWARD KERSEY COOPER: a MINE MANAGER and MINE OWNER in HAURAKI Philip Hart

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EDWARD KERSEY COOPER: a MINE MANAGER and MINE OWNER in HAURAKI Philip Hart EDWARD KERSEY COOPER: A MINE MANAGER AND MINE OWNER IN HAURAKI Philip Hart Te Aroha Mining District Working Papers No. 89 2016 Historical Research Unit Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences The University of Waikato Private Bag 3105 Hamilton, New Zealand ISSN: 2463-6266 © 2016 Philip Hart Contact: [email protected] 1 EDWARD KERSEY COOPER: A MINE MANAGER AND MINE OWNER IN HAURAKI Abstract: After having a variety of occupations in several countries, Edward Kersey Cooper arrived in New Zealand in 1880 to manage a manganese mine. From 1881 onwards, he was involved in Hauraki mining, commencing with the Waiorongomai field, where he invested in several claims, mostly unproductive ones, and was a mine manager and company director. Here, as elsewhere, he was not reluctant to criticize others, notably those operating the tramway and county councillors (for their perceived lack of support for the mining industry). He remained an outspoken critic of others during all his years trying to make a success of mining, clearly annoying some of his fellow miners with his outspokenness. In 1886 he moved to Waihi, typically exaggerating his role in finding high-grade ore and also typically clashing with other leading miners. From 1887 onwards he was involved with some important mines at Waitekauri, Thames, and, most disastrously of all, Wharekiraupunga. As all these ventures required more capital than local investors could provide, he spent many years travelling to and from England seeking financial support, which was never sufficient; but the fundamental handicap was not having mines with long term and payable prospects. Like so many mine owners, he was over-sanguine, and his finances were shaky, being forced into bankruptcy in 1892. One solution was, as normal, to seek subsidies from local and national governments, with some success. He was a strong and opinionated critic of some government policies, notably the gold duty, which he sought to have abolished. With reason, he was critical of English companies even though he required English capital. Regarded as a friend to his workers, nonetheless he opposed paying them higher wages. Cooper was also involved in local government, briefly at Te Aroha and for longer at Thames, and when not on the councils was a belligerent critic of many of their policies. A difficult man to deal with, he valiantly struggled for many years to make a success of mining before retiring to England in the early twentieth century. BEFORE TE AROHA 2 Little is known about the family background of Edward Kersey Cooper,1 who preferred to be known as E. or Ed Kersey Cooper.2 Even his wife was known as Nellie Kersey Cooper, not Nellie Cooper.3 He was born in 1843 at Euston, in Suffolk, to George Kersey Cooper and Catherine, also a Cooper.4 His father was a land agent, farmer, and superintendent of the estate of the Duke of Grafton, employing 80 workers; he could afford about four servants, including a governess.5 One brother became an Anglican clergyman, and another succeeded his father as the duke’s agent;6 the latter’s funeral indicated the respect with which he was held by the duke and the wider community.7 In 1902, when providing details of his early life for the Cyclopedia of New Zealand, Cooper wrote that ‘after leaving school he assisted his father, till twenty-one years of age, in agricultural work and the estate agency business’. In 1884, when offering his expertise to the New Zealand Frozen Meat and Storage Company, explaining how to make artificial fertilizer, and urging the government to protect agriculture, he described his experiences: For some years, I was intimately connected with one of the largest artificial manure and acid manufacturers in England, in fact, I did all the selling, which, in a business, is a big part of the work. My time was taken up six months of the year, on the Continent of Europe, and the balance in visiting all the agricultural districts and markets of England.8 1 For photograph, see British Australasian, 4 February 1897, p. 240; for sketch, see cartoon, Observer, 17 August 1895, p. 7. 2 For example, letter from Ed. Kersey Cooper, Te Aroha News, 27 September 1884, pp. 2, 7. 3 For example, Te Aroha Warden’s Court, Residence Site Licenses, no. 321/01, BBAV 11591/1a, ANZ-A. 4 Cyclopedia of New Zealand, vol. 2, p. 475; ancestry.co.uk. 5 Ancestry.co.uk. 6 Bury and Norwich Post and Suffolk Standard, n.d., reprinted in Thames Star, 15 September 1894, p. 2, 16 September 1903, p. 2; Ohinemuri Gazette, 18 September 1903, p. 2. 7 Bury and Norwich Post and Suffolk Standard, n.d., reprinted in Thames Star, 15 September 1894, p. 2. 8 Letter from E.K. Cooper, New Zealand Herald, 14 November 1884, p. 3. 3 Later that month he wrote that he ‘was in England when the first frozen meat came over from America’. Before giving his advice about how to improve New Zealand’s frozen mutton trade, he mentioned that ‘in those days I was attending an agricultural market every day in the week’.9 According to the Cyclopedia of New Zealand, he must have done this at a remarkably young age, for when aged 21 he entered a stock-broker’s office as an authorised clerk, and was thus enabled to get into the Stock Exchange, and form an idea as to whether he would like to follow such an occupation. Mr Cooper decided against it, on account of the lack of continuity in the work. In 1865 he went to Hamburg, and superintended the shipping of that year’s Saale barley for a large malster and brewer; whilst so occupied he made the acquaintance of the late Mr A[lfred] Nobel, who had then only recently discovered how to explode nitro-glycerine by the use of a strong detonator. For many years thereafter Mr Cooper was engaged with that gentleman in experimenting with nitro-glycerine, and introducing it into the mines of England and Europe. He subsequently visited America, and engaged in various ventures, eventually finding his way to New Zealand in 1880.10 The first part of this biography was taken almost word-for-word from a January 1897 interview for the British Australasian and New Zealand Mail, most of which was reprinted (sometimes inexactly) by the Ohinemuri Gazette under the headline ‘A Mining Celebrity’.11 In the interview he commented that there was ‘at times too much idle time’ in the stock exchange. After making the acquaintance of Alfred Nobel when they were both staying in the same hotel, ‘they soon became friends’, and he ‘entered into an arrangement’ with Nobel to introduce nitro-glycerine into England and Wales. After ‘visiting successfully the granite quarries of Leicestershire’, he went to North Wales and ‘most convincingly proved nitro-glycerine to be far more suitable than gun-cotton’, resulting in ‘quarry after quarry’ and mines adopting this new explosive. 9 Letter from E.K. Cooper, New Zealand Herald, 21 November 1884, p. 6. 10 Cyclopedia of New Zealand, vol. 2, p. 475. 11 Special Commissioner, ‘Interview with Mr E. Kersey Cooper’, British Australasian, 4 February 1897, pp. 240-243; reprinted in Ohinemuri Gazette, 15 May 1897, p. 3 [portion of this reprint removed by the scissors of a souvenir hunter]. 4 Having to conduct all the experiments and charge all the holes put down to test the power of the nitro-glycerine, Mr Cooper was hardly ever free from a frightful headache, caused by handling this terrible liquid explosive or by inhaling its fumes. This, with constant letters from Mr Cooper’s father begging him to give up his connection with such a dangerous explosive, caused him to ask Mr Nobel to release him. This he did most reluctantly, but not till he had tempted him with the offer of a half-partnership for £5,000. In working with nitro-glycerine, Mr Cooper kept Mr Nobel well posted with his experiences, and never ceased impressing on him to try and find some absorbent to do away with the difficulties he experienced, particularly in cold weather, in getting his charges to the bottom of the holes. Mr Nobel discovered at last Keisel-Guhr, which resulted in dynamite. Cooper and Nobel ‘remained fast friends’ until the latter’s death (in 1896), and on Cooper’s last visit to Paris Nobel ‘reminded him of what he once offered him, and what he had missed’.12 Soon after ceasing to work for Nobel Cooper answered an advertisement in The Times ‘and was too much in a hurry to put £8,000 into a partnership in the wine trade. With his fortune sadly crippled’ in consequence, he went to Canada in 1871, where he obtained a contract to supply sleepers for the Canada Southern Railway. ‘To carry out this contract he had to purchase the oak timber on some 3,000 acres. After making up all the suitable trees into sleepers, he converted the largest trees into “Canadian pipes,” West India and oil-barrel staves’. He then sunk two oil wells at Petrolia, neither of which proved payable. He had from time to time come across an inventor of a rectifier, which was to revolutionize the business, and was induced to meet the cost of introducing this invention to the distillers and rectifiers in the big centres of the United States. What he could do on a small scale with a machine he took about with him in a case proved would not work on a large basis after some big plants got under way.
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