Occurrence of Hymenopterous Parasitoids, Aenasius Bambawalei
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Insect Environment, Vol.14 (4), January-March 2009 Table 1. Pod bugs infesting vegetable cowpea in Vellayani, Kerala Ecosystem Crop Pod bug Family Earlier reports Reclaimed wet land Garden land stage Acrosternum graminea (F.) Pentatomidae + - B Rice (Ahmad and Rana, 1989) Clavigralla gibbosa Spinola Coreidae ++ - B Pulses (Nair, 1978) Cletus bipunctatus Westw. Coreidae ++ + A, B Grain amaranthus (Jena et al. 2002) Coptosoma cribraria F. Plastaspididae + - B Pulses (Nair, 1978) Homoeocerus sp. Coreidae + - B Soybean (KeonSoo et al. 1998) Nezara viridula (L.) Pentatomidae ++++ +++ B Pulses (Nair, 1978) Piezodorus rubrofasciatus (F.) Pentatomidae ++ + B Soybean (Singh et al. 1989) Riptortus ? linearis (F.) Alydidae +++ +++ B Green Gram (Baruah and Dutta, 1994) Riptortus pedestris (F.) Alydidae +++ ++++ A, B, C Pulses (Nair, 1978) - - Absent A - Tender pods + - Rare B - Vegetable pods ++ - Less frequent (1-2 bugs / 100 plants) C - Dry pods +++ - Common (1-2 bugs / 5 plant) ++++ - Abundant (1-2 bugs/ plant) 163 164 C. bipunctatus C. The closely related species, canopy. crop the in disturbance slight even to nymphs feeding of response immediate was the cover weed hide under running to down and Dropping et al., et solenopsisPhenacoccus including cotton in middle occurrence of Gujaratinsect pests and sincetheir natural enemies on 20different crops years.The Department The of mealy Entomology, BACA, AAU, bug,Anand is monitoring the pods where aggregated feeding by (Family Encyrtidae) and Vellayani) for Vellayani) the identification of the insect specimens. (UAS, Bangalore) and Dr. D.D. Prathapan (College of Agriculture, KAU, The authors express Ms.S.Salini their gratitudeC.A.Viraktamath, to Dr. attributing totheirrarity. common ecological need positions on ofpods growing amidst dense This leaf thesecanopy. characteristic bugs may be a probable factor According to Universal mummy with Chalcidoideadark brown in colour. Databaseare solitary endoparasitoids and turn the mealy bugs into (2008),barrel-shaped by both these parasitoides on parasitoides these both by during October-November, 2008 indicated that the percent parasitisation district Vadodara of Kurali) and Jithardi Dhavat, Kurai, (Sarsavani, villages data on survey carried out in different cotton field located in five different 2008 in Vadodara district and later on in other districts of Gujarat. The parasitoids on Aphelinidae) wereobservedparasitizing were not observed on were not IARI,NewDelhi.Systematics, These Division ofparasitoids Entomology, were identified by Insect Identification Network Project on Insect Bio 37 percent). The preliminary study indicated that dominant parasitoid on malabarensis observed damaging cotton veryseriously from 2004-05 in Gujarat (Jhala Gujarat, two hymenopterous parasitoids parasitoids hymenopterous two Gujarat, bambawalei Cotton Mealy Bugs, Mealy Cotton 2008). During a survey on the natural enemies of this pest in middle in pest this enemies of natural the on survey a During 2008). Occurrence of Hymenopterous Parasitoids, Parasitoids, Hymenopterous of Occurrence Hayat and Hayat Narendran, 2000; Narendran, solenopsis P. , C. gibbosa C. Anand Agricultural University, Anand – 388 110, Gujarat, India R.C. Jhala, R.F. Solanki, T.M. Bharpoda and M.G. Patel P. solenopsis P. Department of Entomology, B. A College of Agriculture, P. solenopsisP. Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) has been (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)has Tinsley Insect Environment, Vol.14 (4), January-March 2009 Promuscidea unfaciativentris and Promuscidea unfaciativentrisGirault Phenacoccus solenopsis Phenacoccus forthefirstAugust –September, timeduring R? linearis P. solenopsis P. Homoeocerus Gujarat Eriaporus aphilinoides before 2008. Webefore two observedthese 2008. R. pedestris in cotton. Both these parasitoids viz.,bambawalei Aenasius chose to feed from lower most P. solenopsis. P. varied from 19 to 67 (Average 67 to 19 from varied sp. were restricted to shady to restricted were sp. was less. A. bambawalei These parasitoids (Compere, 1947); (Compere, Aenasius Girault (Family Tinsley in Tinsley A. graminea Ajantha Hayat is a on , Insect Environment, Vol.14 (4), January-March 2009 165 166 Insect Environment, Vol.14 (4), January-March 2009 Eurymyicnema aphelinoides Compere, 1947; Mesopirene fasiativentris and 0.25 percent were tested against eggs of H. theivora. Thirty gravid Girault; Mesopirene fasiativentris Girault, 1919; Promuscidea aphelinoides females of H. theivora were introduced on TV-1 freshly collected shoots (Compere, 1947); Promuscidea longiclavata Shafee, 1974; and for egg laying and kept for 12 hours inside the chimney. The next day the Promuscidea unifesciativentris Girault are synonyms of Promuscidea egg laden shoots were subjected to pretreatment count. After counting, unfasciativentris Girault. This parasitoid is reported occurring in the eggs were exposed to insecticide treatments using glass atomizer. Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Indonesia, and India. It is reported occurring Tap water was sprayed on eggs in control. Observations on percent in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, hatching and percent mortality of neonate nymphs were recorded Tamilnadu and Uttar Pradesh state of India. This is probably the first report collectively up to 28 days. Eggs that did not hatch after this period were of its occurrence in Gujarat. A. bambawalei is a new species of Aenasius regarded as non-viable. The egg mortality was calculated using Abbott’s genus and is reported for the first time parasitizing P. solenopsis infesting (1925) formula. Percent egg mortality was subjected to arc sine Parthenium hysteropus, Xanthium strumarium and Achyranthes asper transformation for statistical analysis. plants in Delhi as reported by Tanwar et al., 2008. We have also reported Results showed that azadirachtin, chloropyriphos, acephate and this Parsitoid on P. solenopsis in cotton. endosulfan were not effective at 0.05% on eggs of H. theivora. Monocrotophos, quinalphos, profenofos, dimethoate, alphamethrin, The authors are grateful to Dr. V.V. Ramamurthy, Principal Scientist & national Coordinator, and Sushila Joshi, In-charge, Insect Identification cypermethrin, fenpropathrin, -cyfluthrin, etofenprox, -cyhalothrin, Network Project on Insect Bio Systematics, Division of Entomology, IARI, imidachloprid and thiomethoxam at 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.25% New Delhi. concentrations were found causing significant egg mortality of 20-97% in laboratory. No ovicidal action was observed for azadirachtin in different References: concentrations. Therefore, the baseline data may be used as one of the Jhala, R.C. Bharpoda T.M. and Patel M.G., 2008. (Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae) tools in IRM (insecticide resistance management) strategies. Insect Environment, 13 (4) : 149 – 151. References Tanwar, R. K. Bhamare, V.K. Ramamurthy, V.V., Mohammad Hayat, Jeyakumar, P., Amar Singh, Jaftri, A. and Bambawale, O.M., 2008. NCIPM Newsletter, 14 Abbott, W.S. 1925. J. Econ. Entomol, 18: 265-267. (1): 2. Bora, S. and Gurusubramanian, G. 2007. Resistance Pest Management Universal Chalcidoidea Database, 2008. www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research Newsletter, 17 (1): 8-12. curation/projects/chalcidoids. Table 1 : Ovicidal action of certain insecticides on tea mosquito bug on tea Ovicidal Toxicity of Insecticides on the Eggs of Tea Mosquito Bug (Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse) in Laboratory Insecticides Mean of mortality of eggs and corrected % mortality at different concentrations Mr. Somnath Roy, Ananda Mukhopadhay and G. Gurusubramanian 0.05% 0.1% 0.25% Entomology Reserach Unit, Dept. of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Dragling, West Bengal, India MPM CPM MPM CPM MPM CPM Endosulfan 14.33 1.15 15.67 2.70 15.66 2.69 The tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora (Waterhouse) (Hemiptera: (4.29) (4.46) (4.45) Miridae), is an important pest of tea (Camellia sinensis) causing substantial (10-50%) losses. In North east India, of 4.36 lakh ha of tea Chloropyriphos 13.33 0.00 35.33 25.38 57.66 51.15 80% of tea plantations are affected by H. theivora infestation (Bora and (4.15) (6.44) (8.09) Gurusubramanian, 2007). It is important that the pest is managed of at Monocrotophos 52.33 45.00 65.67 60.39 77.66 74.22 initial stage. Workers have reported that egg stage is the most vulnerable (7.73) (8.60) (9.31) to the insecticides. Therefore, a study was initiated to find out toxic effect of selected chemical and botanical insecticides on H. theivora. Quinalphos 43.33 34.61 51.33 43.84 59.66 53.46 (7.08) (7.66) (8.22) The ovicidal toxicity of insecticides on the eggs of H. theivora were evaluated under laboratory conditions at Entomological Research Unit, Oxydemeton 15.33 2.31 26.00 14.62 36.66 26.92 methyl (4.42) (5.60) (6.55) North Bengal University, Darjeeling, during September and October, 2007. Profenofos 54.33 47.31 62.00 56.16 69.00 64.23 For the assessment of ovicidal properties of seventeen commercial grade (7.87) (8.37) (8.80) synthetic and one botanical insecticide three concentrations viz., 0.05, 0.1.