NATIONAL WATER DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT FOR LOWER ORR IRRIGATION PROJECT

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

WAPCOS LIMITED (A Government of Undertaking) 76 C, Sector 18, Gurgaon - 122015, Haryana, INDIA Tel. +91-124-2397396, Fax. +91-124-2397392 Email: [email protected] AUGUST 2015 CONTENTS

1. GENERAL 1 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 3. STUDY AREA 4 4. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE STATUS 5 4.1 PHYSCIO-CHEMICAL ASPECTS 5 4.1.1 Meteorology 5 4.1.2 Soils 5 4.1.3 Surface Water Quality 5 4.1.4 Ground Water Quality 6 4.1.5 Ambient Air Quality 7 4.1.6 Noise Environment 7 4.1.7 Land use pattern 7 4.2 ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS 8 4.2.1 Vegetation 8 4.2.2 Fauna 8 4.2.3 Fisheries 8 4.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS 9 4.3.1 Demographic profile 9 5. PREDICTION OF IMPACTS 9 5.1 IMPACTS ON LAND ENVIRONMENT 10 5.2 IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES AND QUALITY 11 5.3 IMPACTS ON TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY 11 5.4 IMPACTS ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT 12 5.5 IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY 12 5.6 INCREASED INCIDENCE OF WATER-RELATED DISEASES 12 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 13

6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE 13 6.2 MAINTENANCE OF WATER QUALITY 14 6.3 HEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEM 15 6.4 SUSTENANCE & ENHANCEMENT OF FISHERIES POTENTIAL 15 6.5 CONTROL OF WEEDS ON AGRICULTURE LANDS 16 6.6 CONTROL OF PESTS 16 6.7 TRAINING AND EXTENSION COURSES FOR FARMERS 16 6.8 CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION 16 6.9 NOISE CONTROL MEASURES 17 7. CATCHMENT AREA TREATMENT PLAN 18 8. RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION PLAN 19

i 8.1 MEASURES FOR RESETTLEMENT 19

8.2 MEASURES FOR REHABILITATION 20

8.3 BUDGET 21

9. LOCAL AREA DEVELOPMENT PLAN 21 10. DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 22 11. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 22 12. COST ESTIMATES 23 12.1 COST FOR IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 23 12.2 COST FOR IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 24

ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY REPORT OF CEIA STUDY FOR LOWER ORR IRRIGATION PROJECT

1. GENERAL The proposed dam site is located across Orr river which is a tributary of Betwariver near village Didauni in tehsil Khaniadana located on the border of and Ashok Nagar districts of . The objective of the Lower Orr project is to provide irrigation and domestic water supply to water deficit areas of of Madhya Pradesh. The coordinates of the dam site are 24o50’50" N and 78o05'55" E. The proposed dam site is located at a distance of about 6 km from Chanderi-Pichhore Road. Chanderi is the nearest town and Lalitpur is the nearest railway station. is the nearest airport, which is about 150 km from the site. The project location map is enclosed as Figure-1.

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The proposed Lower Orr dam envisages the construction of a composite dam. In the proposed composite dam, the concrete dam portion is 487 m long with 247 m long spillway and 240 m long Non Overflow blocks. The earthen portion of dam is 1731 m long with a maximum height of 45.0 m. A 91.260 km long main canal has been proposed on the left bank of river. The FRL of the Lower Orr project is kept as 380 m. The submergence area at FRL is 2723 ha. This component of the project will provide annual irrigation to 67,570 ha in Shivpuri district of MP with 150% irrigation intensity utilizing 329.67 MCM. Beside 6 MCM water will be provided for drinking water supply to the enroute villages and towns in the vicinity of the canal. About 1.65 lakh people will get drinking water at a consumption rate of 100 lpcd. The index map of the project showing the dam and canal distribution system is enclosed as Figure-2. The Lower Orr dam which is a component of Ken-Betwa link Project Phase-II envisages construction of a composite dam (Earthen and Concrete) across the Orr river near Didauni village on the border of Shivpuri and Ashok Nagar districts in Madhya Pradesh to store 372 MCM water for irrigation to water deficit areas of Shivpuri district. The 75% and 50% dependable annual yield of the sub-basin up

1 to the proposed dam site has been assessed as 363 MCM and 501 MCM respectively. From the simulation studies it is seen that about 329.67 MCM water can be utilized from the reservoir for irrigation (apart from 6 MCM for drinking water supply and 44.9 MCM environmental releases) at 371.80 MCM storage capacity.

Figure-1 :ProjectLocation Map The total land requirement for proposed project is 3730 ha. Total land coming under submergence area and canal network is 2723.70 ha and 1006 ha respectively. The details are given in Table-1.

2 Figure-2: Layout Map Table-1: Details of land to be acquired for the project S. Land use Submergence Canal Network Total Land (ha) No. details Area (ha) (ha) 1 Forest 968.243 70.0 1038.243 2 Culturable Area 853.287 475.0 1328.287 3 Unculturable 556.605 375.0 Area 931.605 4 Built up Area 19.614 86.0 105.614 5 Other lands 325.951 - 325.951 Total 2723.700 1006.0 3729.7 say 3730 ha

3 3. STUDY AREA The study area covered as a part of the EIA study is as below (Refer Figure-3).  Submergence area  Area to be acquired for various project appurtenances  Area within 10 km of various project appurtenances including i.e. canal network, etc.  Gross Command Area  Catchment Area intercepted at the dam site

Figure-3: Study Area Map

4 4. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE STATUS The baseline status for the above referred categories has been described in the following sections. 4.1 PHYSCIO-CHEMICAL ASPECTS 4.1.1 Meteorology The project area of the proposed Lower Orr Irrigation project experiences semi- arid climate characterized by hot summer, pleasant cold winter and general dryness throughout the year, except during monsoon season. The year may be divided into four seasons. The summer season lasts from March to about middle of June, followed by south-west monsoon season from mid-June to the end of September. October and November constitute the post monsoon or transition period. The winter season lasts from December to February. 4.1.2 Soils The pH in various soil samples ranged from 7.26 to 7.95. The Electrical Conductivity (EC) ranged from 0.140 to 0.220 mS/cm. The EC level indicates the non-saline nature of soil. The Bulk density ranged from 1.22 to 1.42 g/cc. The nitrogen level ranged from 152 to 250 kg/ha. The nitrogen levels in various soil samples indicate that in terms of available nitrogen, soils in the project area have low (<280 kg/ha) productivity. The concentration of available potassium ranged from 245 to 439 kg/ha. The potassium level indicates that soils in the command area have medium to high (> 280 kg/ha) productivity. The available phosphorus level ranged from 6.4 to 9.1 kg/ha. The phosphorus level indicate that the soils in the command area have low (<10 kg/ha) in productivity. The organic carbon ranged from 0.28 to 0.51% indicating low (<0.5%) productivity. 4.1.3 Surface Water Quality The pH level indicates that water was well within the neutral range (7.6-7.8). The TDS level ranged from 156 to 178 mg/l, 131 to 139 mg/l and 155 to 175 mg/l in pre-monsoon, monsoon and winter seasons respectively.The TDS levels were well below the permissible limit of 500 mg/l specified for meeting drinking water requirements. The hardness level ranged from 85 to 92 mg/l, 68 to 74 mg/l and 78to 83 mg/l in pre-monsoon, monsoon and winter seasons respectively. The

5 hardness levels were well below the permissible limit of 200 mg/l specified for meeting drinking water requirements.

The concentration of chlorides in various seasons ranged from 24.2 to 35.8 mg/l. The chlorides level in surface water samples was well below the permissible limit of 200 mg/l. The sulphates level in various seasons ranged from 11.7 to 17.1 mg/l. The sulphates level were well below the permissible limit of 200 mg/l. The fluorides level was marginally lower than the permissible limit of 1.0 mg/l specified for meeting drinking requirements. The river water is soft in nature, which can be attributed to low calcium and magnesium level.

The BOD values are well within the permissible limits, which indicates the absence of organic pollution loading. This is mainly due to the low population density and absence of industries in the area. The low COD values also indicates the absence of chemical pollution loading in the area.

4.1.4 Ground Water Quality The pH level ranges from 7.1 to 8.0, 7.1 to 8.0 and 7.1 to 7.8 in pre-monsoon, monsoon and winter seasons respectively. This indicates neutral nature of the water, and are within the permissible limit specified for meeting drinking water requirements. Chlorides occur in all natural waters in widely varying concentrations.Chloridesare available in natural water, mainly on account of solvent power of water, which dissolves chlorides from top soil and deeper formations. The chlorides level ranged from 52.5 to 92.4 mg/l in pre-monsoon season, 30.4 to 71.6 mg/l in monsoon season and 51.7 to 92.4 mg/l in winter season. The chlorides level in groundwater samples was well below the permissible limit of 200 mg/l. The sulphates level ranged from 27.1 to 47.4 mg/l, 21.5 to 32.4 mg/l and 23.4 to 36.4 mg/l in pre-monsoon, monsoon and winter seasons respectively. The TDS level ranged from 247 to 462 mg/l, 190 to 358 mg/l and 238 to 412 mg/l in pre-monsoon, monsoon and winter seasons respectively. The TDS levels were within the permissible limit of 500 mg/l

6 The BOD values are well within the permissible limits, which indicates the absence of organic pollution loading. This is mainly due to the low population density and absence of industries in the area. The concentration of various heavy metals was below the detectable limits, indicating the suitability of water for meeting domestic requirements. The concentration of cyanides and phenolic compounds was also below the detectable limits. 4.1.5 Ambient Air Quality The ambient air quality with respect to the study zone of 10 km radius around the proposed site forms the baseline information. There are no major sources of air pollution in the project area. The sources of air pollution in the region are vehicular traffic, dust emissions from unpaved village roads and domestic fuel burning. The ambient air quality was monitored at various locations in the study area, and the ambient air quality was found to be well within permissible limit.

4.1.6 Noise Environment The day time equivalent noise level at various sampling stations were observed to be well within the permissible limits specified for residential area. 4.1.7 Land use pattern The land use pattern of the command area is given in Table-2. Table-2: Landuse pattern of the command area forLower Orr Irrigation project Type of land Area (ha) Percentage of command area Forest cover 26527 34.20 Scrub 24630 31.76 Agricultural Land 20945 27.01 River/ Water body 254 0.33 Barren Land 5188 6.69 Settlements 15 0.02 Total 77559 100.00 Note : Figure in parenthesis indicate percentage. The major landuse category in the command area of Lower Orr project is forest cover, as it accounts for about 34.20% of GCA. The area under barren land is 6.69% of the GCA. The area under agriculture is about 27.01% of the Gross Command Area. Area under scrubs account for about 31.76% of the GCA.

7 Settlements account for about 0.02% of the GCA. The area under water bodies is about 0.33% of the GCA. 4.2 ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS 4.2.1 Vegetation Broadly speaking, following Champion and Seth (1968) Classification of forest types of India published as ‘A revision survey of the forest types of India”, the Lower Orr Irrigation project area falls under Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous forests. Floristics During floristic survey in the Pre-Monsoon, Monsoon Season and Winter season, maximum number of plant species recorded during the monsoon season. The details are given in Table-3. Table-3 Different life forms of the plant species recorded in various seasons from the Lower Orr Irrigation Project Plant Habit No. of Species % of Species Herbs 78 39.39 Trees 48 24.24 Shrubs 34 17.17 Grasses 21 10.61 Climbers 9 4.54 Sedges 5 2.53 Epiphytes 2 1.01 Parasites 1 0.51 Total 198 100 %

4.2.2 Fauna The fauna of the study area consists mostly of species with zoo-geographic affinities of palaearctic, Indo-Malayan and indigenous variably.No major wildlife is observed in the area. The commonly observed faunal species in the area are Jungle Cat, Rat, Wild Boar, etc. spotted dove, Brahmini myna, house crow, common myna, House sparrow, Red wattled lapwing, little egret and grey wagtail were the commonly observed bird species in the study area. 4.2.3 Fisheries Orr river originates in and is a tributaryof Betwariver. Orr river harbour low diversity of fish which can be attributed to it being a seasonal river.

8 During the primary survey in Orr river in and around the project area, only 4 species viz., juveniles of Catlasp.,Cirrhinusmrigala (Mrigal), Labeosp, Notopterusnotopterus (Patra), Chanaspp, and Mastacembelusarmatus (Baam) were spotted. In addition, as per interaction with local fishermen revealed the confirmation of some other fish species which are Labeo sp., Channastriatus (Sanwal), Putty and Naren (mrigal) species. These are commonly distributed species in the Madhya Pradesh. None of the species falls under the endangered or threatened category. 4.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS 4.3.1 Profile of PAFs A total number of 424 respondents of 7 fully affected villages have been surveyed to collect data on various parameters of Social Impact Assessment.Out of 424 respondents, 29 respondents belonged to SC category, 133 respondents belonged to ST category, 89 respondents belonged to OBC category and 173 respondents belonged to other categories. Out of the 424 respondents, 304 respondents are illiterate, 47 have studied uptoprimary education, 24 are middle- school passed, 14 are high-school passed, 4 are graduates and only 1 is post graduate. Out of the 424 respondents, 145 are labours, 277 are Agriculture labours and 2 respondents are in Government jobs. The analysis shows that majority of population is dependent on agriculture labour and wage-labour. In the seven villages, 241 (56.8%), it was observed that respondents take water from hand pump, 65 (15.3%) respondents take water from open well, 3 (0.7%) respondents take water from tap, 7 (1.7%) respondents take water from river and 108 (25.5%) respondents take water from more than one source. The main source of drinking water is mainly handpumps. 5. PREDICTION OF IMPACTS The impacts on various aspects of environment are briefly described in the following sections.

9 5.1 IMPACTS ON LAND ENVIRONMENT a) Construction Phase The construction of the proposed Lower Orr Irrigation Project is expected to be completed in aboutfiveyears. Majority of the environmental impacts during construction phase are temporary in nature, lasting mainly during the construction phase and for small duration beyond the construction period. However, if these issues are not properly addressed, impacts can continue even after the construction phase for a longer duration. Operation of construction equipment During construction phase, various types of equipment will be brought to the site. These include batching plant, earth movers, etc. The siting of these construction equipment would require significant amount of space. In addition, land will be required for storage of various construction material as well. However, land for this purpose will be temporarily acquired, i.e. for the duration of project construction phase i.e. five years. Soil erosion The runoff from various construction sites, will have a natural tendency to flow towards along with the natural drainage. Thus, the disposal of drainage effluent with such high turbidity levels is bound to affect the water quality, especially in the lean season. The drains/nallahs close to various construction sites along the canal alignment are seasonal in nature. Normally in such rivers biological productivity is not high. Hence, the increase in turbidity levels are not expected to be significant in nature. b) Operation Phase Acquisition of land The tentative total land required for various project components including reservoir submergence is 3730 ha. The details are given in Table-1. About 1328.287 ha of private land is to be acquired. About 1038.243 ha of forest land too is to be acquired. A total of about 12 villages are likely to be affected, of which 9 villages are in district Ashoknagar and 3 villages are in district Shivpuri.

10 In Ashoknagar district, project affected villages are in Chanderi tehsil. In district shivpuri, affected villages are in tehsil Change in land use pattern The GCA and CCA of the project are 85,672 ha and 45,047 ha respectively. The total cropped area to be irrigated in the command is 67,570 ha. This would increase the agriculture production in the command area and is a significant positive impact. 5.2 IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES AND QUALITY Changes in water quality due to increased use of fertilizers With the introduction of irrigation, use of fertilizers is likely to increase, to maintain the increased levels of production. The drainage system (natural or man-made) is likely to contain much higher level of nutrients. The climatic conditions in the project area is suitable for the proliferation of eutrophication in the project area. Thus, in the project operation phase, there will be increased probability of eutrophication in the water bodies receiving agricultural runoff. As a part of Environmental Management Plan, appropriate control measures have been recommended. 5.3 IMPACTS ON TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY Impacts on vegetal cover About 1038.243 ha of forest land is to be acquired. As a part of field studies, ecological survey was conducted at various locations in the dam and reservoir area. The introduction of irrigation in the area will increase the agriculture production in the area, leading to the increased availability of fodder as a result of increased agricultural by products and residues. The increased level of fodder availability would reduce the presence on existing pasture and vegetal cover, which is a significant positive impact. Impacts on wildlife The area to be brought under irrigation within the command area shall be devoid of forests. The project area is interspersed with settlements and agricultural land. In such settings large scale faunal population is not observed. Thus, no significant impact on wildlife is anticipated due to the project.

11 5.4 IMPACTS ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT Noise due to construction equipment In a water resource project, the impacts on ambient noise levels are expected due to operation of construction equipment. It is a known fact that there is a reduction in noise level as the sound wave passes through a barrier. Thus, no increase in noise levels is anticipated as a result of various activities, during the project construction phase. There could be marginal impacts on the population residing in proximity to the canal alignment during construction phase as a result of various activities. However, based on past experience in similar projects, impact however, is not expected to be significant. 5.5 IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY a) Construction Phase Pollution due to fuel combustion in various equipment The operation of various construction equipment requires combustion of fuel. Normally, diesel is used in such equipment. The major pollutant which gets emitted as a result of diesel combustion is SO2. The SPM emissions are minimal due to low ash content in diesel. The short-term increase in SO2, even assuming that all the equipment are operating at a common point, is quite low, i.e. of the order of less than 1g/m3. Hence, no major impact is anticipated on this account. Fugitive Emissions from various sources During construction phase, there will be increased vehicular movement. Lot of construction material like sand, fine aggregate is stored at various sites, during project construction phase. Normally, due to blowing of winds, especially when the environment is dry, some of the stored material can get entrained in the atmosphere. However, such impacts are visible only in and around the storage sites. The impacts on this account are generally, insignificant in nature. 5.6 INCREASED INCIDENCE OF WATER-RELATED DISEASES Increased incidence of water-related diseases The association between irrigation development and the incidence of water related diseases such as malaria, etc is well established. The available data clearly indicates that the major water related diseases prevalent in the project

12 area are malaria and gastroenteritis. The preferred environmental setting for vectors is fresh water open to sunshine or moderate shade. The habitats for larvae growth are permanent or semi-permanent standing fresh water such as small ponds, pools, standing agricultural water, permanent or semi-permanent fresh water such as open stretches or canals. Thus, the project may create favorable conditions for breeding of new pathogens or vectors such as mosquitoes, etc. The experience of various project confirms the above mentioned hypothesis. In the project area, a sudden spurt in the incidence of malaria is expected, if adequate control measures are not taken up. Improvement in availability of water for various uses, increased agricultural production, availability of diversified food, strengthening of educational and health facilities significantly improves public health in the project area. On the other hand, water resources development also has negative impacts, since, it could increase the habitat of certain vectors like mosquitoes. Thus, poorly planned and managed water resources projects could increase the prevalence of vector-borne diseases like malaria and filariasis. 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE Facilities in Labour Camps It is proposed that it should be made mandatory for the contractor involved in the construction activities to provide adequate facilities for water supply and sanitation. Water supply Appropriate water supply sources need to be identified. Proper infrastructure for storage and if required treatment e.g. disinfection orother units, should also be provided. Sewage treatment The labour population is proposed to be situated in existing colonies. One community toilet shall be provided for 20 persons. The sewage from the community toilets shall be treated in a sewage treatment plant comprising of aerated lagoons and secondary settling tank.

13 Provision of community kitchen and Free Fuel A community kitchen could be provided where workers have their meals. The fuel used in such community kitchens could be LPG or diesel. The project contractor in association with the state government shall make necessary arrangements for supply of fuel to labour population for which provision shall be kept in the cost estimate. Solid waste management The labour colonies will generate substantial amount of municipal wastes. Adequate facilities for collection, conveyance and disposal of solid waste shall be developed. For solid waste collection, masonry storage vats, each of 2 m3 capacity shall be constructed at appropriate locations in various labour camps. These vats shall be emptied at regular intervals and the collected waste shall be transported to landfill sites. Two covered trucks to collect the solid waste from common collection point and transfer it to the disposal site shall be put to service. A suitable landfill site shall be identified and designed to contain municipal waste from various project township, labour colonies, etc. Restoration of construction sites Normally construction sites are left unreclaimed, with construction waste being left without being properly disposed. In the proposed project, it is proposed to collect the construction waste from various construction sites, and disposed off at sites identified in consultation with the district administration. The various construction sites shall be properly levelled. The levelling or reclamation of various construction sites, shall be made mandatory for the contractor, hence, no additional cost has been earmarked as a part of the cost to be earmarked for implementation of EMP. 6.2 MAINTENANCE OF WATER QUALITY In the project operation phase, a colony is likely to be set up. It is proposed to provide sewage treatment plant in the project colony, cost of which shall be included in the contract for constructing the project colony.

14 6.3 HEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEM The various measures for control of Public Health are listed as below: - The site selected for habitation of workers should not be in the path of natural drainage. - Adequate drainage system to dispose storm water drainage from the labour colonies should be provided. - Adequate vaccination and immunization facilities should be provided for workers at various construction sites. - The labour camps and resettlement sites should be at least 2 to 3 km away from quarry areas. It is proposed to develop one dispensary in the proposed project area. The staffing details of the dispensary are given in Table-4. Table-4 : Details of staff in the dispensary Staff Number Doctor 1 I. Auxiliary Nurse 4 Attendant 4 Driver 1 Total 10

A first aid post shall be provided at the major construction sites. These posts will have the following facilities: - First aid box with essential medicines including ORS packets - First aid appliances-splints and dressing materials - Stretcher, wheel chair, etc. 6.4 SUSTENANCE & ENHANCEMENT OF FISHERIES POTENTIAL The commissioning of the proposed Lower OrrIrrigation Project will increase the water availability in the project command area. It is proposed to stock the reservoir with fingerlings. Adequate infrastructure in terms of nurseries, rearing ponds, etc. shall be commissioned.

15 6.5 CONTROL OF WEEDS ON AGRICULTURE LANDS Measures against weeds comprise mechanical (cultivation and mowing), cultural or cropping, biological and chemical means. These include: - hand weeding - adopting farming practices that change the conditions in such a way as to enable plants to complete with weeds - use of weedicides. 6.6 CONTROL OF PESTS Integrated pest management strategy should be followed to reduce the use of pesticides. In this method, a limited number of insecticidal sprays are undertaken and simultaneously bio-control agents like pheromones, etc. are used. The pheromones are organic compounds developed specifically for each type of pest which are commercially synthesized in the laboratories and sold in the market. 6.7 TRAINING AND EXTENSION COURSES FOR FARMERS The change from rainfed to irrigated cropping requires extension, training and demonstration programmes for farmers. Considering these aspects it is proposed that the project authorities needs to provide adequate training to farmers. The training shall include the following aspects of environmental protection:  Prevention of spread of water related diseases;  Safe use of agro-chemicals, and  Environmental conservation programmes. 6.8 CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION The following measures are recommended:  The contractor will be responsible for maintaining properly functioning construction equipment to minimize exhaust.  Construction equipment and vehicles will be turned off when not used for extended periods of time.  Unnecessary idling of construction vehicles to be prohibited.  Effective traffic management to be undertaken to avoid significant delays in and around the project area.

16  Road damage caused by sub-project activities will be promptly attended to with proper road repair and maintenance work.  Identification of construction limits (minimal area required for construction activities).  When practical, excavated spoils will be removed as the contractor proceeds along the length of the activity.  When necessary, stockpiling of excavated material will be covered.  Excessive soil on paved areas will be sprayed (wet) and/or swept and unpaved areas will be sprayed and/or mulched.  Contractors will be required to cover stockpiled soils and trucks hauling soil, sand, and other loose materials (or require trucks to maintain at least two feet of freeboard).  Contractor shall ensure that there is effective traffic management at site.  Number of trucks/vehicles to move at various construction sites to be fixed.  Construction area and vicinity (access roads, and working areas) shall be swept with water sweepers on a daily basis or as necessary to ensure there is no visible dust. 6.9 NOISE CONTROL MEASURES The contractors will be required to maintain properly functioning equipment and comply with occupational safety and health standards. The construction equipment will be required to use available noise suppression devices and properly maintained mufflers. The effect of high noise levels on the labour population involved in construction activities is to be considered as likely to be particularly harmful. To prevent these effects, it has been recommended by international specialist organisations that the exposure period of affected persons be limited as specified in Table-5. Alternatively, they shall be provided with effective personal protective measures such as ear muffs or ear plugs to be worn during periods of exposure.

17 Table-5 : Maximum Exposure Periods specified by Occupational Safety & Health Association (OSHA) Maximum equivalent continuous Unprotected exposure period per day noise level dB(A) for 8 hrs/day and 5 days/week 90 8 95 4 100 2 105 1 110 ½ 115 ¼ 120 No exposure permitted at or above this level

The other measures to control noise could be as follows:  Equipment and machineries shall be maintained regularly to minimise the noise generation.  Silencers and mufflers of the individual machineries shall be regularly checked.  Yearly audiometric survey on workers exposed to high noise levels should be undertaken. 7. CATCHMENT AREA TREATMENT PLAN Silt Yield Index (SYI) method has been used to prioritize sub-watershed in a catchment area for treatment. The catchment area considered for treatment of Lower Orr Irrigation project is 1843 sq.km. The area under very high and high erosion categories is to be treated at the project proponent cost. In the catchment of the proposed Lower Orr Irrigation Project, there is no area under very high erosion category. Hence, CAT plan has been suggested for high erosion category, as a part of the present EIA study, the expenses of which have to be borne by project proponents. The area under high erosion category for Lower Orr is 79106 ha. An amount of Rs. 473.9 million has been earmarked for Catchment Area Treatment The following Engineering and Biological measures have been suggested for the catchment area treatment.

18 1. Engineering measures - NallahBunding - Contour Bunding - Angle iron barbed wire fencing

2. Biological measures - Development of nurseries - Plantation/afforestation - Pasture development - Social forestry 8. RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION PLAN The provisions of the “Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013” have been taken into consideration, and the best option has been recommended for preparation of Rehabilitation Plan for the PAFs. 8.1 MEASURES FOR RESETTLEMENT  If a house is lost in rural areas, a constructed house shall be provided as per the Indira Awas Yojana specifications.

 House building assistance shall be awarded to all the project affected families who are being displaced @ Rs. 1, 50,000/ha.

 One-time financial assistance minimum of Rs. 25,000/- or as the appropriate Government may, by notification specify, for construction of cattle shed

 One time financial assistance of Rs. 50,000/-for each displaced family for shifting of the family, building materials, belongings and cattle.

 Subsistence Allowance  Each affected family, losing land, will be given a monthly subsistence allowance equivalent to Rs. 3000/ month for a period of one year from the date of award.

 Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes displaced from Scheduled Areas shall receive an amount equivalent to Rs. 50,000/-, in addition to subsistence allowance  Each affected family shall be given a onetime “Resettlement Allowance” of Rs. 50,000/-

19 Stamp duty registration

 The stamp duty and the other fees payable for registration of the land of the house allotted to the affected families shall be borne by the requiring body

 The land for house allotted to the affected families shall be free from all encumbrance

 The land and the house allotted may be in the joint names of wife and husband of the affected family.

8.2 MEASURES FOR REHABILITATION The compensation for acquisition of private land would be paid to the respective land owners/ land titleholders within the provisions of Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013. In the proposed project, no homesteads are being acquired, thus, no resettlement is required and only rehabilitation plan is being suggested. The following measures are suggested to be extended as rehabilitation measures to the PAFs losing land under reservoir submergence.  Compensation for Land acquisition as per the provisions of Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013  One-time financial assistance of a minimum of Rs. 25,000/- to each affected family of an artisan, small trader or self-employed person or an affected family which owned non-agricultural land or commercial, industrial or institutional structure in the affected area, and which has been involuntarily displaced from the affected area due to land acquisition  One person from each affected family shall be offered necessary training facilities for development of entrepreneurship, technical and professional skills for self-employment.  For families losing land under canal network, Compensation for Land acquisition as per the provisions of Right to Fair Compensation and

20 Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 shall be given. 8.3 BUDGET The total budget for implementation of the Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan is Rs. 23891.52 lakh. The details are given in Table-6. Table-6: Budget for implementation of the Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan S.No. Activity Cost (Rs. lakh) 1. Resettlement Plan 3996.35 2. Infrastructure at Resettlement site 2107.00 3. Rehabilitation Plan 17788.172 Total 23891.522

9. LOCAL AREA DEVELOPMENT PLAN The area development activities proposed as a part of the plan given in following paragraphs: Upgradation of educational facilities It is proposed to upgrade the primary schools in various villages in the periphery of the affected villages. The following activities are proposed under LADP activities:  Up-gradation of school fixtures, equipment  Scholarships for Students  Improvement of public health facilities

Improvement of Public Health Facilities  Furniture, Beds and other items  Up-gradation of Pathological laboratory  Up-gradation of operation theater (labor room)

An amount of Rs. 498.0 lakhis being made for implementation of the LADP Activities. The details are shown in Table-7. Table 7: Budget for implementation of Local Area Development Plan S. Items Budget No. (Rs. lakh) 1 Construction/ Up-gradation schools in Study Area 215.0 2 Scholarships to students in the Study Area 171.0 3 Improvement of Public Health Facility 112.0 Total 498.0

21 10. DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN The following measures have been suggested as a part of the Disaster Management Plan:  Dam Safety and Maintenance Manual  Emergency Action Plan (EAP)  Administration and Procedural Aspects  Preventive Action  Communication System  Notifications  Evacuations Plans and Evacuation Team  Public Awareness for Disaster Mitigation  Management after receding of Flood Water

11. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME An Environmental Monitoring Programme should be undertaken during operation phase of the project. The details of environmental monitoring programme are given in Table -8. Table-8: Environmental Monitoring Programme during Project Operation Phase S. No. Particulars Parameters Frequency Location 1. Water pH, Turbidity, Total Pre monsoon Reservoirs. Dissolved Solids, Season and Calcium, Magnesium, Post monsoon Chlorides, Sulphate, season Nitrates, Iron, DO, BOD, COD etc. 2. Treated Waste pH, BOD, COD, TSS, Once every Before and after Water from and Oil &Grease. month treatment from STP STP 3. Drinking water pH, Turbidity, Once every Various villages quality Hardness, Alkalinity, month served with Chlorides, Iron, drinking water Nitrates and from the project Fluorides 4. Erosion & Soil erosion rates, Twice a year -- Siltation stability of bank (pre & post embankment, etc. monsoon Season) 5. Ecology Status of Once in 5 -- afforestation years programmes

22 S. No. Particulars Parameters Frequency Location 6. Fisheries Phytoplanktons, Twice a Reserviors zooplanktons, year benthic life, fish composition 7 Incidence of Cause and control Once in a Settlements water-related measures for various year around diseases diseases. Reservoirs and in command areas 8 Meteorological Temperature, rainfall, Continuous At a location Parameters humidity, cloud close to dam cover, wind speed site and direction, Solar Insolation, Evaporation Rate

12. COST ESTIMATES 12.1 COST FOR IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The total amount to be spent for implementation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is Rs. 384.645 crore. This budget excludes the compensation to be given for acquired properties. The details are given in Table-9. Table-9: Cost for Implementing Environmental Management Plan S. No. Item Cost (Rs. crore) 1. Environmental Management in labour camp 10.80 2. Control of Water Pollution 0.35 3. Air Pollution Control Measures 0.53 4. Public health delivery system 5.19 5. Restoration and Landscaping of construction sites 4.66 6. Energy Conservation measures 0.50 7. Catchment Area Treatment Plan 47.39 8. Disaster Management Plan 3.00 9 Compensatory Afforestation and Bio-diversity 41.37 conservation 10. Greenbelt development 0.99 11. Fisheries Management 8.09 12. Environmental Monitoring during construction phase 1.30 (Refer Table-10) 13. Purchase of noise meter 0.015 14. Purchase of meteorological instruments 0.070 15. Water Quality Testing Kits 0.10 16. Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan (refer Table-5.7, 238.91 Volume-II, SIA Report)

23 S. No. Item Cost (Rs. crore) 17. Local Area Development Plan (refer Table-7.4, Volume-II, 4.98 SIA Report) 18. Livelihood Plan for PAFs (Refer Table-6.2, Vol.II, SIA 15.80 Report) 19. Monitoring & Evaluation of R&R Plan (Refer Section-8.4, 0.60 Vol. II SIA Report) Total 384.645 * In addition to above, annual recurring expenditure amounts to Rs. 1.19 crore per year for Fisheries Management.

12.2 COST FOR IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME The cost required for implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Programme is of the order of Rs.1.30 crore @ Rs.22.68 lakh / year. A 10% annual price increase may be considered for every year. The construction period for estimation of cost for implementation of Environmental Monitoring programme during construction phase has been taken as 5 years. The cost required for implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Programme in operation phase is of the order of Rs.2.6 million/year. The details are given in Table-11.

Table-10: Cost for Implementing Environmental Monitoring Programme during Construction Phase S. No Item Cost Total cost for monitoring (Rs. of 5 years with 10% lakh/year) escalation per year (Rs. lakh) 1 Water quality 1.44 8.78 2 Ambient Air quality 4.80 29.28 3 Ecology 10.00 61.10 4 Incidence of water related 5.00 diseases 30.50 Total 21.24 129.66 orRs. 1.30 crore

Table-11: Cost for Implementing Environmental Monitoring Programme during Operation Phase S. No Item Cost (Rs. million/year) 1 Water quality 0.11 2 Ecology 1.00 3 Fisheries 1.00 4 Incidence of water related diseases 0.50 Total 2.61

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