Religious and Belief Prisoners in Over 20 Countries

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Religious and Belief Prisoners in Over 20 Countries Religious and Belief Prisoners in over 20 Countries Special Focus Torture and Detention Conditions World Annual Report 2016 Human Rights Without Frontiers International 2016 World Annual Report Religious and Belief Prisoners in over 20 Countries Special Focus Torture and Detention Conditions Human Rights Without Frontiers calls upon the EU to implement its Guidelines on Freedom of Religion or Belief (FoRB) in order to request the release of peaceful FoRB prisoners Human Rights Without Frontiers documented over 2200 cases of imprisonment in 2016 in a Database available at http://hrwf.eu/forb/forb-and-blasphemy-prisoners-list/ Willy Fautré Dr Mark Barwick With Elisabetta Baldassini, Colin Forber, Matthew Gooch, Nicolas Handford, Lea Perekrests, Perle Rochette, Elisa Van Ruiten, and Lauren Vidler Brussels, 1 March 2017 Human Rights Without Frontiers Int’l Copyright Human Rights Without Frontiers International. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from Human Rights Without Frontiers International. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of this publication should be mailed to the address below. Human Rights Without Frontiers International Avenue d’Auderghem 61/16, 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel./ Fax: +32-2-3456145 Website: http://www.hrwf.eu Email: [email protected] Contents CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... I INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. III COUNTRIES ............................................................................................................................ 1 AZERBAIJAN ............................................................................................................................ 3 CHINA .................................................................................................................................... 13 EGYPT.................................................................................................................................... 29 ERITREA ................................................................................................................................ 37 INDIA ..................................................................................................................................... 43 INDONESIA ............................................................................................................................. 51 IRAN ...................................................................................................................................... 59 KAZAKHSTAN ........................................................................................................................ 71 MOLDOVA ............................................................................................................................. 81 NEPAL ................................................................................................................................... 87 NORTH KOREA ...................................................................................................................... 91 PAKISTAN .............................................................................................................................. 99 RUSSIA ................................................................................................................................ 109 SAUDI ARABIA ..................................................................................................................... 117 SINGAPORE .......................................................................................................................... 123 SOUTH KOREA ..................................................................................................................... 127 SUDAN ................................................................................................................................. 133 TAJIKISTAN .......................................................................................................................... 139 TURKMENISTAN ................................................................................................................... 147 UZBEKISTAN ........................................................................................................................ 153 VIETNAM ............................................................................................................................. 161 SOURCES ............................................................................................................................. 170 Human Rights Without Frontiers Int’l I II World Annual Report 2016 Introduction Freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) is a universal human right guaranteed by Article 18 of the UN Universal Declaration on Human Rights (Universal Declaration) and the UN International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) which reads: (1): Everyone shall have the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. This right shall include freedom [...] either individually or in community with others and in public or private to manifest his religion or belief in worship, observance, practice and teaching. (2): No one shall be subject to coercion which would impair his freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of his choice. (3): Freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs may be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety, order, health or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others.’ According to the 1981 UN Declaration of the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, Article 6, the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion, or belief includes, inter alia, the following freedoms: (a) To worship or assemble in connection with a religion or belief, and to establish and maintain places for these purposes; (b) To establish and maintain appropriate charitable or humanitarian institutions; (c) To make, acquire and use to an adequate extent the necessary articles and materials related to the rites or customs of a religion or belief; (d) To write, issue and disseminate relevant publications in these areas; (e) To teach a religion or belief in places suitable for these purposes; (f) To solicit and receive voluntary financial and other contributions from individuals and institutions; (g) To train, appoint, elect or designate by succession appropriate leaders called for by the requirements and standards of any religion or belief; (h) To observe days of rest and to celebrate holidays and ceremonies in accordance with the precepts of one's religion or belief; Human Rights Without Frontiers Int’l III (i) To establish and maintain communications with individuals and communities in matters of religion and belief at the national and international levels. EU Guidelines on Freedom of Religion or Belief In June 2013, the EU adopted Guidelines on Freedom of Religion or Belief, which signifies a commitment by the EU to mainstream these principles and sends a strong message to all countries that do not respect them. By adopting the Guidelines, the EU acknowledges that religious freedom violations, committed by state and non-state actors alike, are widespread and complex, affecting societies and individuals everywhere, including in Europe. It also clarifies the EU’s own position towards religion or belief, not aligning itself with any specific view or conviction but upholding the right of the individual to choose, change, adopt, or abandon a conviction according to one’s conscience. The Guidelines are an important tool for EU officials in third countries to assist citizens who have been victims of violations of their right to freedom of religion or belief and discrimination. Our Annual Report this year focuses on countries which imprison people for exercising their right to freedom of religion or belief as defined by Article 18 of the ICCPR and Article 6 of the 1981 UN Declaration of the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief. Each country report comprises several sections: Introduction Cases of prisoners per religious or belief minority Laws used to criminalize religious activities National standards for detention conditions National and international reports on prison conditions in each country Conclusions The report is meant to provide a tool to the relevant EU actors who should contribute to the improvement of FoRB in countries of particular concern prioritize the minorities which need to be protected and defended try to get the release of believers and non-believers who were illegally arrested and imprisoned, being aware of their detention conditions. IV World Annual Report 2016 State repression of legitimate activities of members of religious or belief groups Quite a number of UN Member States fail to abide by UN standards and even criminalize individual and collective rights related to freedom of religion or belief (FoRB). The state repression may include the death penalty, various forms of physical punishment, prison terms and exorbitant fines, sometimes of up to
Recommended publications
  • Christmas in North Korea
    Christmas in North Korea Christmas in North Korea By Adnan I. Qureshi With contributions from Talha Jilani Asad Alamgir Guven Uzun Suleman Khan Christmas in North Korea By Adnan I. Qureshi This book first published 2020 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2020 by Adnan I. Qureshi All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-5054-0 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-5054-4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contributors .............................................................................................. x Preface ...................................................................................................... xi 1. The Journey to North Korea ............................................................... 1 1.1. Introduction to the Korean Peninsula 1.2. Tour to North Korea 1.3. Introduction to The Pyongyang Times 1.4. Arrival at Pyongyang International Airport 2. Brief History ........................................................................................ 32 2.1. The ‘Three Kingdom’ and ‘Later Three Kingdom’ periods 2.2. Goryeo kingdom 2.3. Joseon kingdom 2.4. Japanese occupation 2.5. Complete Japanese control 2.6. Post-Japanese occupation 2.7. The Korean War 3. Contemporary North Korea .............................................................. 58 3.1. The first communist dynasty and its challenges 3.2. The changing face of the communist economic structure 3.3. Nuclear power 3.4. Rocket technology 3.5. Life amidst sanctions 3.6. Mineral resources 3.7. Mutual defense treaties 3.8. Governmental structure of North Korea 3.9.
    [Show full text]
  • Missiles Fire and Fury
    US-KOREA RELATIONS MISSILES FIRE AND FURY STEPHEN NOERPER, KOREA SOCIETY AND COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY Tensions rose to new levels on the Korean Peninsula as North Korea fired multiple missiles demonstrating markedly enhanced capabilities and crowned the Labor Day weekend with a sixth nuclear test with a significantly larger yield than previous tests. The United States tackled its most significant global security challenge by reinforcing its deterrent capabilities, tightening the financial noose on the North, President Trump tweeting stern warnings, and military and diplomatic leaders calling for dialogue. South Korea responded by reiterating its military readiness, expanding its own missile capabilities, and reeling from Trump’s rhetoric that likened President Moon Jae-in’s push for talks to “appeasement” and his threat to scrap the KORUS trade agreement. Despite joint military exercises, live fire drills, B-1 dispatches, and shared statements condemning Pyongyang to signal alliance strength, the relationship between the United States and South Korea appears frayed in dramatic new ways. This article is extracted from Comparative Connections: A Triannual E-Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations, Vol. 19, No. 2, September 2017. pp 35-42 US-KOREA RELATIONS | SEPTEMBER 2017 35 No more maybes free trade agreement (FTA) were a slap in the face of the new Seoul administration. South In 11 years, North Korea has developed Korean President Moon Jae-in met Trump on dangerous nuclear and delivery capabilities. The June 30, and the Washington summit seemed to premier national security concern conveyed go well. South Korea put great preparation into from the Obama to Trump administration has the meeting and looked to Trump’s meetings seen fruition with the July 4 and July 28 with Japan’s Prime Minister Abe Shinzo and Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) China’s President Xi Jinping for lessons learned.
    [Show full text]
  • North Korea Tier 1 | Uscirf-Recommended Countries of Particular Concern (Cpc)
    NORTH KOREA TIER 1 | USCIRF-RECOMMENDED COUNTRIES OF PARTICULAR CONCERN (CPC) KEY FINDINGS The North Korean government continues to rank as one they are treated with extraordinary cruelty. Based on the of the world’s most repressive regimes, in part because of North Korean government’s longstanding and continuing its deplorable human rights record. Freedom of religion or record of systematic, ongoing, and egregious violations of belief does not exist and is, in fact, profoundly suppressed. freedom of religion or belief, USCIRF again finds that North The regime considers religion to pose the utmost threat— Korea, also known as the Democratic People’s Republic both to its own survival and that of the country. The North of Korea (DPRK), merits designation in 2017 as a “coun- Korean government relentlessly persecutes and punishes try of particular concern,” or CPC, under the International religious believers through arrest, torture, imprisonment, Religious Freedom Act (IRFA). The State Department has and sometimes execution. Once imprisoned, religious designated North Korea as a CPC since 2001, most recently believers typically are sent to political prison camps where in October 2016. RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE U.S. GOVERNMENT • Continue to designate North Korea as a regularization of such analysis similar to such as mobile phones, thumb drives, CPC under IRFA; and in coordination with the Universal and DVDs, and improved Internet • Continue to impose targeted sanctions Periodic Review process; access so North Koreans have greater on specific
    [Show full text]
  • Chui Pledges to Release Report on the Demand for Public Housing in Sept
    MACAO LIBRARY WEEK CHINESE JIHADIS’ RISE IN KICKS OFF LOCAL SYRIA The Library Week kicked off on DESIGNERS Chinese fighters of the Turkistan Saturday and will offer a lineup SHOWCASE Islamic Party in Syria are of activities for book lovers CREATIONS organized, battled-hardened and throughout the week have been instrumental P2 P4 FASHION P11 MON.24 Apr 2017 T. 19º/ 23º C H. 80/ 95% facebook.com/mdtimes + 11,000 MOP 7.50 2788 N.º HKD 9.50 FOUNDER & PUBLISHER Kowie Geldenhuys EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Paulo Coutinho www.macaudailytimes.com.mo “ THE TIMES THEY ARE A-CHANGIN’ ” WORLD BRIEFS AP PHOTO Macron, Le Pen advance to French runoff P7, 15 CHINA’s foreign minister says China insists on the elimination of nuclear weapons in the Macau debuts polling station Korean peninsula and will continue to pursue AP PHOTO the resumption of talks among the involved parties. AP PHOTO US A 10-day swing through four Pacific Rim nations is offering evidence that U.S. Vice President Mike Pence has become one of President Donald Trump’s chief emissaries on the world stage. More on p13 More on backpage With articles republished from Debate WITh lawmakeRS US farm belt anxious about Trump Chui pledges to release report on the trade threats F1 demand for public housing in Sept. P3 24.04.2017 mon th Anniversary 2 MACAU 澳聞 WWW.MACAUDAILYTIMES.COM.MO can spark imagination morrow. when reading, the Cul- The event is held tural Affairs Bureau every April as a ce- Library Week kicks off (IC) said in a state- lebration of “World ment.
    [Show full text]
  • North Korea2018
    Table of Contents Life in 70-years-old North Korea ‘is like living in Orwell’s 1984’, says escapee Who Are the Three US Citizens Released by North Korea? US citizens set for release ahead of Trump-Kim talks _____________________________________________________________________ Life in 70-years-old North Korea ‘is like living in Orwell’s 1984’, says escapee World Watch Monitor (07.09.2018) - https://bit.ly/2x6H8ab - As North Korea prepares to celebrate its 70th anniversary this weekend with a military parade and “Mass Games”, its population lives in perpetual war (the 1953 Korean war has never officially ended), under government surveillance and with a propaganda machine controlled by the national leader’s personality cult. It actually is not unlike George Orwell’s classic book 1984, John Choi* comments, a Christian human rights advocate who escaped from North Korea and now lives in the UK: “Life [in North Korea] is very rough. Frequent food shortages, power cuts, typhoons, floods and other natural disasters; just some of the challenges North Koreans still have to deal with. Add to that gross human rights violations, total lack of freedom, information censorship, propaganda and the ongoing political mismanagement and you can see why living in North Korea is like living in Orwell’s 1984,” he says. Under the ‘god-like’ leadership of the Kim dynasty from the 1950s onwards, thousands of Christians have been sent to labour camps as they are seen as hostile to the regime and have to be eradicated. “Many fled, others were captured and/or killed. But a small remnant was able to go underground.
    [Show full text]
  • Qatar Offers Visa-Free Entry for 80 Nationalities
    BUSINESS | Page 1 SPORT | Page 4 Player power set to shape Reds’ INDEX DOW JONES QE NYMEX QATAR 2-6, 20 COMMENT 18, 19 REGION 7 BUSINESS 1–5, 9-12 transfer Qatar lauded for stable 22,048.70 9,307.14 49.56 ARAB WORLD 6, 7 CLASSIFIED 6-9 -36.64 -66.35 +0.39 INTERNATIONAL 8–17 SPORTS 1–8 LNG supply to Japan dealings -0.17% -0.71% +0.79% Latest Figures published in QATAR since 1978 THURSDAY Vol. XXXVIII No. 10541 August 10, 2017 Dhul-Qa’da 18, 1438 AH GULF TIMES www. gulf-times.com 2 Riyals Emir receives message from Kuwait Qatar off ers In brief visa-free QATAR | Meeting Plans to develop Lusail City discussed Off icials from the Ministry of entry for 80 Municipality and Environment, the Public Works Authority (Ashghal), Qatari Diar and Lusail City held a joint meeting yesterday to discuss plans to develop Lusail City, in line with the State’s development plans nationalities during the next phase and the requirements of Qatar’s hosting O Citizens of 80 countries Meanwhile, citizens of 47 countries for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. HE will be able to enter Qatar (second batch) can obtain a 30-day visa the Minister of Municipality and waiver upon arrival in Qatar. It allows Environment Mohamed bin Abdullah ‘with no paper work, no the holder to spend up to 30 days in the al-Rumaihi attended the meeting payment and no visas’ country but can be extended for anoth- during which a visual presentation er 30 days.
    [Show full text]
  • THE WESTERN NC DISTRICT QUARTERLY Volume 2 Issue 11
    THE WESTERN NC DISTRICT QUARTERLY Volume 2 Issue 11 The Western NC District Quarterly Bishop Bishop Greg Hargrave, President ` THE WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA DISTRICT, GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA MARCH 2017 IN THIS ISSUE Greetings to the entire Western I would like to highlight our first solicit your most earnest prayers NC District! It is with the sheer annual Mid-Year conference, as we work together to make the joy of the Lord that I greet you for which will be held on Friday and Western NC District the best it can the first time via the District Saturday February 3rd and 4th at be. digital newsletter! I am ever Jerusalem United Holy Church in Blessings! aware of the fact that without the Reidsville NC. Special thanks to Bishop Greg K. Hargrave, support of our administration our host pastor and 2nd Vice- President, WNCD along with our District Elders, President of the Western NC Pastors, Ministers, Officers and District Elder Mary Jackson and members, I would not be able to the Jerusalem church family. The fulfill the myriad of duties as it purpose of this first annual event relates to being the President of a is to first allow for impartation District. I am humble at the thru a dynamic worship thought of being afforded the experience on the opening night opportunity to impact the lives of and intentional planning on the people around me. Together, Saturday from 9am-3pm. I am we can really make a difference in excited because you are excited our community and this nation. and I believe the Lord will meet us Bishop Greg Hargrave Page 1 This is especially true on the heels and honor our efforts.
    [Show full text]
  • Davliatov Reply in Support of Motion For
    Case 1:15-cv-01959-RBW Document 35-1 Filed 06/27/16 Page 1 of 27 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE PR9TECTEB Ii>fF@R1'M'fl9l'f FIIsEB lfPfBER SEAI:s IN THE UNITED ST ATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MUHAMMAD! DAVLIATOV a/k/a UMAR HAMZAYEVICH ABDULAYEV (ISN 257), Petitioner, Civil Action No. 15-1959 (RBW) v. BARACK OBAMA, et al., Respondents. PETITIONER'S REPLY IN FURTHER SUPPORT OF MOTION FOR JUDGl\ilENT, AND IN OPPOSITION TO CROSS-1\'IOTION TO DISMISS Matthew J. O' Hara (Pursuant to LCvR 83.2(g)) H INSHAW & CULBERTSON LLP 2:22 North LaSalle Street, Suite 300 Chicago, Illinois 60601 (312) 704-3000 [email protected] J. Andrew Moss (Pursuant to LCvR 83 .2(g)) Lowell E. Sachnoff (Pursuant to LCvR 83.2(g)) REED SMITH LLP 10 South Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois 60606 (312) 207-1000 amoss\(l)reedsmith. com J. We1ls Dixon (Pursuant to LCvR 83.2(g)) Shayana D. Kadidal (D.D.C. Bar No. 454248) CENTER FOR CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS 666 Broadway, 7th Floor New York, New York 10012 (212) 614-6423 [email protected] [email protected] Plt8iflf5@?f1!;8 IFfF81tMfr'l"l8N PHsl5B "8N8151t 815Als 131262712\'l 0908<500 UNCLASSIFIEO//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Case 1:15-cv-01959-RBW Document 35-1 Filed 06/27/16 Page 2 of 27 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE PRO'fEC'fBB I:NFOR~MTIOl"f FH!::BB ""?+BER SB:'s:L Petitioner Muhammadi Davliatov a/k/a Umar Hamzayevich Abdulayev (ISN 257) respectfully submits this reply in further support of his motion for judgment and in opposition to the government's cross-motion to dismiss his habeas.
    [Show full text]
  • North Korea Tier 1 | Uscirf-Recommended Countries of Particular Concern (Cpc)
    NORTH KOREA TIER 1 | USCIRF-RECOMMENDED COUNTRIES OF PARTICULAR CONCERN (CPC) KEY FINDINGS The North Korean government’s approach toward religion and nongovernmental organizations increasingly reveal the and belief is among the most hostile and repressive in the regime’s abuses and reinforce the international community’s world. Freedom of religion or belief does not exist in North entreaties for accountability. In the meantime, throughout Korea. The regime exerts absolute influence over the handful 2017 the North Korean government perpetuated its long- of state-controlled houses of worship permitted to exist, standing record of systematic, ongoing, egregious violations creating a facade of religious life in North Korea. In practice, of freedom of religion or belief, and USCIRF again finds that the North Korean regime treats religion as a threat, partic- North Korea, also known as the Democratic People’s Republic ularly faiths associated with the West, such as Christianity, of Korea (DPRK), merits designation in 2018 as a “country of and is known to arrest, torture, imprison, and even execute particular concern,” or CPC, under the International Religious religious believers. Although it is challenging to obtain infor- Freedom Act (IRFA). The U.S. Department of State repeat- mation about violations of religious freedom occurring in edly has designated North Korea as a CPC since 2001, most North Korea, defector accounts and the work of advocacy recently in December 2017. RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE U.S. GOVERNMENT • Redesignate North Korea as
    [Show full text]
  • Pastor Hyeon Soo Lim Arrest and Background
    Prisoner Name: Pastor Hyeon Soo Lim Location: North Korea Arrested: February 2015 Sentence: Not Known Arrest and background North Korea recently released footage of Canadian pastor Hyeon Soo Lim confessing before a Pyongyang church congregation that he had committed crimes against the state. The senior pastor of the 3,000-member Light Korean Presbyterian Church in Toronto travelled to North Korea in January this year on a routine humanitarian visit. He has been detained since February. In the video Pastor Lim appears to be reading from a script as he addresses a sparse congregation at Pyongyang’s Pongsu Church, which included some foreign residents of Pyongyang. According to the semi-official propaganda website Uriminzokkiri, the service at the North Korean ‘show’ church took place on August 2, 2015. Dressed in a dark blue suit and tie the South Korean-born pastor said, ‘The worst crime I committed was to rashly defame and insult the highest dignity and the system of the republic.’ Pastor Lim, 60, also appeared before media in Pyongyang, where he confessed to crimes aimed at overthrowing the state, North Korea’s official news agency said. KCNA quoted him as telling a news conference he had travelled to North Korea in the guise of humanitarian work and gathered information that he used in sermons outside the country in an attempt to drive the regime to a collapse ‘with the love of God’. Lim’s purpose was to ‘overturn its social system by taking advantage of the hostile policy against it sought by the South Korean authorities and set up a base for building a religious state’, it quoted him as saying.
    [Show full text]
  • President Carter's Mission to North Korea Health Education Key in River
    news FaLL 2010 Carter Center PresidentPresident Carter’sCarter’s MissionMission toto nnorthorth KoreaKorea HealthHealth eeducationducation KeyKey inin rriveriver BlindnessBlindness FightFight waGInG PeaCe . FIGHtInG DIsease . BuILDInG HOPe . From the President and CEO news n 1986, when The Carter Center decided to take on the chal- lenge of eradicating Guinea worm disease, outside observers probably believed success to be impossible. After all, there were FaLL 2010 It’s3.5 million the cases ofBattles the disease spread that across 20 countries in impov- erished areas and no vaccine or medicine to stop the scourge. Not wto mentionin the that The w Carterar Center was a four-year-old organization with just a handful of staff. News & Features President Carter negotiates release But threat of failure has never Carterof american in north Korea . 4. been a deterrent to us, and 25 years later, there are only a few thousand as river Blindness Declines, Health remaining cases of Guinea worm Centereducation Intensifies . 6. disease in just four countries. The ssue Massacre Fuels survivor’s Commitment success of the eradication campaign I to Democracy in Guinea . 8 is just a matter of time. Parasite-Fighting Medicine Brightens Along the way, it’s been the nigeria’s Future . 9. small victories propelling the Center I forward. Little by little, country by s country, intense efforts in small vil- DepartmeNts lages have made a global impact. From the President and CeO . .2 . We have worked in Liberia news Briefs . 3. for more than 20 years on targeted Profile: teshome Gebre . 10. efforts to resolve conflict, observe elections, and advance human rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Korea 2011: Politics, Economy and Society
    Korea 2011: Politics, Economy and Society Korea 2011: Politics, Economy and Society Volume 5 Korea Yearbook Edited by Rüdiger Frank James E. Hoare Patrick Köllner Susan Pares Associate Editors: Charles Armstrong, Stephen Epstein, Moon Chung-in and Park Sung-hoon LEIDEN • BOSTON 2011 This work was supported by the Academy of Korean Studies (publication grant AKS-2011-P-01). This book is printed on acid-free paper. ISSN 1875-0273 ISBN 978 90 04 21818 5 Copyright 2011 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. CONTENTS Preface ...............................................................................................xiii List of Refereed Articles Published since 2007....................................1 South Korea 1 Politics and foreign relations....................................................1 2 Economy...................................................................................1
    [Show full text]