Vol. 86 Friday, No. 32 February 19, 2021 Pages 10171–10438
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QATAR V. BAHRAIN) REPLY of the STATE of QATAR ______TABLE of CONTENTS PART I - INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I - GENERAL 1 Section 1
CASE CONCERNING MARITIME DELIMITATION AND TERRITORIAL QUESTIONS BETWEEN QATAR AND BAHRAIN (QATAR V. BAHRAIN) REPLY OF THE STATE OF QATAR _____________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I - INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I - GENERAL 1 Section 1. Qatar's Case and Structure of Qatar's Reply Section 2. Deficiencies in Bahrain's Written Pleadings Section 3. Bahrain's Continuing Violations of the Status Quo PART II - THE GEOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND CHAPTER II - THE TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY OF QATAR Section 1. The Overall Geographical Context Section 2. The Emergence of the Al-Thani as a Political Force in Qatar Section 3. Relations between the Al-Thani and Nasir bin Mubarak Section 4. The 1913 and 1914 Conventions Section 5. The 1916 Treaty Section 6. Al-Thani Authority throughout the Peninsula of Qatar was consolidated long before the 1930s Section 7. The Map Evidence CHAPTER III - THE EXTENT OF THE TERRITORY OF BAHRAIN Section 1. Bahrain from 1783 to 1868 Section 2. Bahrain after 1868 PART III - THE HAWAR ISLANDS AND OTHER TERRITORIAL QUESTIONS CHAPTER IV - THE HAWAR ISLANDS Section 1. Introduction: The Territorial Integrity of Qatar and Qatar's Sovereignty over the Hawar Islands Section 2. Proximity and Qatar's Title to the Hawar Islands Section 3. The Extensive Map Evidence supporting Qatar's Sovereignty over the Hawar Islands Section 4. The Lack of Evidence for Bahrain's Claim to have exercised Sovereignty over the Hawar Islands from the 18th Century to the Present Day Section 5. The Bahrain and Qatar Oil Concession Negotiations between 1925 and 1939 and the Events Leading to the Reversal of British Recognition of Hawar as part of Qatar Section 6. -
Canada-U.S. Relations
Canada-U.S. Relations Updated February 10, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 96-397 SUMMARY 96-397 Canada-U.S. Relations February 10, 2021 The United States and Canada typically enjoy close relations. The two countries are bound together by a common 5,525-mile border—“the longest undefended border in the world”—as Peter J. Meyer well as by shared history and values. They have extensive trade and investment ties and long- Specialist in Latin standing mutual security commitments under NATO and North American Aerospace Defense American and Canadian Command (NORAD). Canada and the United States also cooperate closely on intelligence and Affairs law enforcement matters, placing a particular focus on border security and cybersecurity initiatives in recent years. Ian F. Fergusson Specialist in International Although Canada’s foreign and defense policies usually are aligned with those of the United Trade and Finance States, disagreements arise from time to time. Canada’s Liberal Party government, led by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, has prioritized multilateral efforts to renew and strengthen the rules- based international order since coming to power in November 2015. It expressed disappointment with former President Donald Trump’s decisions to withdraw from international organizations and accords, and it questioned whether the United States was abandoning its global leadership role. Cooperation on international issues may improve under President Joe Biden, who spoke with Prime Minister Trudeau in his first call to a foreign leader and expressed interest in working with Canada to address climate change and other global challenges. The United States and Canada have a deep economic partnership, with approximately $1.4 billion of goods crossing the border each day in 2020. -
Republicans' Mexican-American Presidential Candidate: Mitt Romney?
Republicans’ Mexican-American Presidential Candidate: Mitt Romney? By Ted J. Chiappari and Angelo A. Paparelli* Four years ago, one of the challenges to President Barack Obama’s Constitutional eligibility for the presidency as a “natural born Citizen” was based on his ostensible dual citizenship at birth and the divided loyalties1 that can result from multiple citizenships. More recently, Mitt Romney’s Mexican heritage made it into the news because of Newt Gingrich’s claim that Romney was “anti- immigrant.”2 Reports of Mitt Romney’s eligibility for Mexican citizenship appeared around the same time.3 With the suspension of Rick Santorum’s presidential campaign and Newt Gingrich’s concession that Mitt Romney will probably be the Republican Party’s 2012 candidate, Romney and Obama are beginning in earnest to highlight their differences. Since both candidates are facing the potential liability of having a father born abroad (George Romney in Mexico and Barack Obama Sr. in Kenya) from whom eligibility for dual citizenship may flow, it is unlikely that either candidate will wish to highlight his opponent’s transnational ties. If they did, as unlikely as it may be, a brief reflection on the issue could result in a new appreciation of the intricacies of the U.S. citizenship laws. In the wake of the last presidential election, we explored the complexities of U.S. citizenship law in connection with the candidacies of both Senator John McCain – born in the Panama Canal Zone – and then President-Elect Obama.4 Given Mitt Romney’s birth in Detroit, no one is questioning that he is a “natural born Citizen” eligible to be President pursuant to Article II of the 1 Competing loyalties have long been a concern in policy and legal arguments against dual citizenship. -
Biden-Environmental-Report-Card.Pdf
PRESIDENT BIDEN’S ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT CARD SEMESTER ONE C- July 2021 C- “Needs Improvement” January 2022 July 2022 January 2023 July 2023 Biden photo by Gage Skidmore, CC-BY-SA Skidmore, Gage by photo Biden January 2024 FINAL GRADE In July 2020 Joe Biden said: “If I have the honor of being elected president, we’re not just going to tinker around the edges….We’re going to lock in progress that no future president can roll back or undercut to take us backwards again.”1 One month later, when he accepted the nomination of his party, Biden had set forth the most ambitious climate and environmental agenda of any nominee for a major political party. Acknowledging that the Green New Deal provided a “crucial framework,” Biden’s campaign promised to embrace “greater ambition on an epic scale” to meet the scope of the climate crisis and other environmental challenges.2 And during the final presidential debate, Biden vowed that he would push the United States to “transition away from the oil industry.”3 The Biden campaign released two environmental policy platforms: the Plan to Secure Environmental Justice and Equitable Economic Opportunity and the Plan for a Clean Energy Revolution and Environmental Justice. In addition, shortly before Biden accepted the Democratic nomination, the Biden-Sanders Unity Task Force strengthened the environmental positions of the Biden campaign, releasing a comprehensive set of policy recommendations to address the climate crisis.4 We identified and reviewed the 25 most important, specific and achievable environmental promises President Biden made during the campaign as set forth in these three key policy documents. -
Legal Status of the Virgin Islands Divorces
LEGAL STATUS OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS DIVORCES By VimN D. CALLoWAY, JR.* L Introduction In recent months it has become increasingly popular among United States citizens seeking divorces to forsake the time-honored trek to Reno, and head instead for the outlying territory of the Virgin Islands. This change in direction of the so called "divorce trade" is due to the comparative ease with which one can obtain a divorce decree and the attractions of the Islands. For those who can afford the trip, it is thought that two birds can be killed with one stone, so to speak: a divorce obtained and a restful vacation enjoyed. By provision of Congress, the Legislative Assembly of the Virgin Islands was set up to enact legislation applicable to the Virgin Islands as a whole,' the District Court of the Virgin Islands being given jurisdiction of all cases of divorce and annulment of mar- 2 riage. The current divorce law was enacted by the eighth Legislative Assembly of the Virgin Islands on December 18, 1944; approved December 29, 1944, by the acting Governor; and went into effect on January 28, 1945. The law gives as grounds3 for either party to obtain a legal separation, or to have their marriage contract dis- solved, at the plantiff's option, for: adultery, cruelty, impotency, desertion for one year, habitual drunkenness for one year, convic- 4 tion of a felony, insanity, and incompatibility of temperament. If the marriage was not celebrated in the district of the suit, before commencing action, the plaintiff must have been an inhabi- tant for a six-week period; such period being declared "Sufficient to give the court jurisdiction without regard to the place where the marriage was performed or the cause of action arose."'5 When the dissolution judgment has become final, and after the expiration of * 2nd year law student, Duke University; A.B. -
Federal Register
FEDERAL REGISTER Vol. 86 Wednesday No. 104 June 2, 2021 Pages 29483–29674 OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER VerDate Sep 11 2014 19:05 Jun 01, 2021 Jkt 253001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4710 Sfmt 4710 E:\FR\FM\02JNWS.LOC 02JNWS jbell on DSKJLSW7X2PROD with FR_WS II Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 104 / Wednesday, June 2, 2021 The FEDERAL REGISTER (ISSN 0097–6326) is published daily, SUBSCRIPTIONS AND COPIES Monday through Friday, except official holidays, by the Office PUBLIC of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, under the Federal Register Act (44 U.S.C. Ch. 15) Subscriptions: and the regulations of the Administrative Committee of the Federal Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 Register (1 CFR Ch. I). The Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Assistance with public subscriptions 202–512–1806 Government Publishing Office, is the exclusive distributor of the official edition. Periodicals postage is paid at Washington, DC. General online information 202–512–1530; 1–888–293–6498 Single copies/back copies: The FEDERAL REGISTER provides a uniform system for making available to the public regulations and legal notices issued by Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 Federal agencies. These include Presidential proclamations and Assistance with public single copies 1–866–512–1800 Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general (Toll-Free) applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published FEDERAL AGENCIES by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public Subscriptions: interest. Assistance with Federal agency subscriptions: Documents are on file for public inspection in the Office of the Federal Register the day before they are published, unless the Email [email protected] issuing agency requests earlier filing. -
The Iucn Ael Journal of Environmental Law
THE IUCN AEL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW APRIL 2021 Issue 11 1 A Word From the Editors IUCN AEL Journal of Environmental Law, Issue 11 We are very honoured to be in charge of the two editions of the AEL Journal of Environmental Law. This has a unique role and is part of an invaluable and collegial network of scholars. We admire the efforts of all our predecessors. We have not changed anything to a formula that has allowed the Journal to share innovative analyses and critical thinking on policy and legal developments in the field of environmental protection. It remains a doubly open journal, on the one hand because we operate on the basis of a call for contributions favouring a broad representation, in particular of young or emerging colleagues, and on the other hand because the journal is fully in open access. In this eleventh issue, the reader will find in Part 1 a special feature on “Democracy, emergency powers, anti-protest laws and the consequences of Covid-19”. In the context of the pandemic, executive governments were given unprecedented exceptional powers. Environmental democracy has regressed here and there. Environmental law itself has regressed in some countries. Some regulations have been bracketed in view of the health and economic emergency. In this regard, Michel Prieur (France), who is considered as the “father” of environmental law in France, analyses two courageous decisions from a Brazilian Federal judge in Amazonia that make an unprecedented link between deforestation, the extension of Covid-19 and the health of indigenous peoples. Will the Escazú Agreement be a game changer regarding public participation for vulnerable groups amid a global pandemic? This is the question answered by Jakub Ciesielczuk and Gabriel Lopez Porras (United Kingdom) who analyse the implementation challenges of this recently entered into force treaty. -
The US Federal Framework and American Samoa
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON BOTHELL Constitutional Ambiguity as Policy: The U.S. Federal Framework and American Samoa Kerry L Francis 6/9/2014 A Capstone project presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Policy Studies, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, UWB. Acknowledgements I would like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to Professor Camille Walsh for her helpful guidance and indispensable insight in the writing of this paper; and to Professor Johanna Crane, whose comments greatly factored in the paper’s final outcome. Also, I must acknowledge Professors Alan Wood, Bruce Kochis, Daniel Goldhaber, Daniel Jacoby, Keith Nitta, Nives Dolšak, and Shauna Carlisle, whose instruction imparted in me in each their own way, something beyond the learning of the course and program curriculum in the classroom. And finally—to Jennifer—whose steady encouragement, counsel and friendship since those sunny years in high school, bumped and pushed me along to this moment. i For Noah. ii Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………1 Chapter I – the Policy Problem…………………………………………………………………….2 Chapter II – Literature Review……………………………………………………………….........9 Chapter III – Methodology……………………………………………………………………….21 Discussion of Methods…………………………………………………………………...23 Chapter IV – Results and Discussion..............................................................................................26 South Pacific Preludes……………………………………………………………………31 The Deeds of Cession and the Early Phase of -
Congressional Record-Senate. March 31
, 3550 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MARCH 31, amending the interstate-commerce law-to the Committee on In- PETITIONS AND ME.MORIA.LS, terstate and Foreign Commerce. - · l\Ir.,HANSBROUGH. I presentresolutions adopted a.ta. meet Also, resolution of the San Diego (Cal.) Chamber of Commerce, ing of citizens of South Minnewaukon Township, in the county for the passage of House bill No. 7097, providing for a reorganfaa of Ramsey, N. Dak., declaring in favor og the Boers in South- ~ tion of the consular service-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Africa, against a tariff as to Puerto Rico, against the ship-subsidy By Mr. NORTON of Ohio: Petition of E. B. Hubbard and other bill, and against the war in the Philippines. I ask that the reso druggists of Tiffin, Ohio, for the repeal of the stamp tax on medi lutions, which can not be sent to any particnlar committee, be cines, etc.-to the Committee on Ways and Means. printed in th~ RECORD . • Also, papers to accompany House bill No. 7798, for the relief of There being no objection, the resolutions were ordered to lie on Dentpn Whipf?-to the Co~mittee on Military Affairs. the table and to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: Also, resolution of the Ohio Association of Local Fire Insurance Agents urging the passage of House bill No. 6252, relating to the SOUTH MrnNEWAUK.AN TOWNSHIP, N. DAK., March 19, 1900. collection of tax on fire-insurance policies-to the Committee on To the Senators and Rep1·esentative of North Dakota in Congress: Tile residents of Sou th Minnewaukan Township in mass meeting assembled. -
A Hand-Book on the Annexation of Hawaii
A HAND-BOOK ....ON THE.... ANNEXATION OF HAWAII BY "" LORRIN A. THURS|TjQK nWvF; If;IMJ • 1. Shall Hawaii Be Annexed? . / . 1 ' 2. Arguments in Favor of Annexation i . 3 3. A Brief Description of Hawaii, its People, Govern- ment, Laws, Commerce, Finances, Educational System and Resources . .20 4. Twenty Objections to Annexation and Replies . thereto . .27 5. A Digest of the Official Opinions of American Presidents, Secretaries of State, Ministers, and Military and Naval Officers concerning the Annexation or Control of Hawaii . -47 6. President Harrison’s Message to the Senate Ad- . vocating Annexation . -49 7. President McKinley’s Message to the Senate Ad- vocating Annexation . -50 8. Report of Secretary Sherman to President McKinley Advocating Annexation . -59 9. A Digest of the Acts of Congress and of Hawaii concerning American Control or Annexation of Hawaii .........74 10. Text of the Hawaiian Annexation Treaties of 1854, 1893, and 1897; and of the Reciprocity and - Pearl Harbor Treaties of 1875 and 1887 . -77 be no near to and passing as States. and a there Station. numbered to failed, the Fernandez, coast United Supply coal the between only and Juan to which the connecting and American there, islands is water, belongs line the Hawaii wood, Callao, near station small black so Honolulu, the which near are naval of heavyfurnish of a within and any the can on, west on Pacific by Gallapagos, miles establish or the which to of spot depended 1867there Hawaii. in portion is be surrounded one it. thousanda the spacebut spot of madeavailable is part Island, now the that cannot a was 1. -
751-100-055, Issue 9, in Its Entirety
......·.·.·.·.·········;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.:.;.;.:.:.:.:·:·:····;-;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.:.;.:.;.:-:·:·:·:·:·:··························································· .·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.•.•••··· ······.·.·.·.·.·.·······································:·:·:·:·:·:;;;:;:.:;:;:;;;;;:;:;·;·;·;·;·;·;·;·;·:·:·:·:·:·:.;.;.;.;.;.;.;•......... ·•·.·.·. Bellcore Practice Bellcore BR 751·100·055 Issue 1 0, August 1995 @Bell Cornrnunication Research COMMON LANGUAGE® STATE, PROVINCE, TERRITORY, COUNTRY AND UNIQUE CODES CONTENTS PAGE 1. PURPOSE.............................................................................................. 3 2. SCOPE ................................................................................................. 3 3. REASON FOR ISSUE............................................................................ 3 4. GENERAL . ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. ... .. .. .. 4 5. STATE CODE....................................................................................... 4 6. UNIQUE LOCATIONS: PLACE AND STATE CODES 6 Tables A. States of the United States (US) Codes................................................... 8 United States Outlying and Pacific Ocean Territories Codes .................. 9 States of Mexico (MX) Codes ................................................................. 10 Provinces and Territories of Canada (CN) Codes................................... 11 Unique Locations Codes . .. ... ... ............. ... .. .. ..... ....... ........... -
6560-50-P Environmental Protection Agency 40 Cfr
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 05/19/2021 and available online at federalregister.gov/d/2021-09545, and on govinfo.gov 6560-50-P ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Parts 9 and 84 [EPA-HQ-OAR-2021-0044; FRL-10023-08-OAR] RIN 2060-AV17 Phasedown of Hydrofluorocarbons: Establishing the Allowance Allocation and Trading Program under the American Innovation and Manufacturing Act AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency is proposing to issue regulations to implement certain provisions of the American Innovation and Manufacturing Act, as enacted on December 27, 2020. This rulemaking proposes to: establish the hydrofluorocarbon production and consumption baselines based on historical data; establish the allowance allocation program to phase down hydrofluorocarbon production and consumption; determine an initial methodology to allocating allowances and allowing for the transfer of those allowances; establish provisions for the international transfer of allowances; establish requirements to support compliance with phasing down hydrofluorocarbon production and consumption; establish recordkeeping and reporting requirements; release certain data to provide transparency and support implementation of the program; and, address certain other elements related to the effective implementation of the American Innovation and Manufacturing Act. In addition to the proposed provisions, EPA is seeking advance input on how the Agency may alter its determination of company-specific allocations in later years. EPA is considering these issues, and therefore is seeking public input on them, but is not making any particular proposal in relation to them, and therefore will not finalize any requirements on these topics before issuing a notice of proposed rulemaking and requesting public comment.