Brain in Gear – Describe two features

GCSE 4 mark “Describe” question:

Describe two features of the Viking raid on Lindisfarne Monastery.

(4 marks)

Extension:

How long should you spend on this question?

What should you remember to do?

What should you remember not to do? Fundamental British Values: Individual Liberty 14/09/2020

Today’s Title: Previous lesson:

Who were the Vikings?

This lesson: The Viking Invasions The Viking Invasions

Next lesson:

The Danelaw

Learning Outcomes: Key Words:

Is large By the end of this lesson you will: Danegeld = A tax collected by scale English kings to give to the military - Outline Viking invasions of 865-878 AD Vikings so they would leave. spending - events together in chronological = A person who does justifiable? Re-create Heathen order. not believe in Christianity Vikings in England

In 793 AD the Vikings first arrived in England. They attacked a religious monastery called Lindisfarne on an island in the North East of England. This was the first of many Viking raids that took place over the next few decades. These raids usually involved quick and violent attacks by small groups of Viking warriors who attacked weak, badly defended Anglo Saxon villages, towns and holy places in order to get slaves and money.

However, in the year 865 AD there was a new kind of attack. This one was much larger, involving hundreds of longboats and thousands of warriors. They came with their families and with all their possessions. These warriors were here to stay. Anglo Saxons at the time called this attack the “Great Heathen Army”. Your Task Read through the information cards. Put them in order so that they tell the correct story of the Great Heathen Army. Do not glue them in until I have checked your order first.

HINT: The first card in the story is Card D. Look for links between the cards. How do they match?

CHALLENGE What ways would England be different today if Alfred had not won the Battle of Edington? Write a paragraph in your book. D K B G J A I F C H L E England before 865 England after 878

Glue in these maps and explain how the Viking invasions of 865-878 changed England. Why was Anglo-Saxon England such an easy target for the Vikings? On average, about 50% of your GCSE history marks come from your explanations and your analysis. We need to get used to presenting clear and detailed explanations of our points. On the sheet are different reasons why the Anglo-Saxon kings struggled against the Viking invasions of 865 AD - 878 AD. For each one write 1-2 full sentences that explain in detail why that factor meant that it was easier for the Vikings to attack.

One good technique is to “explain it twice”, for example: King Alfred was a talented and experienced military leader. This meant that in battles he was able to react quickly and effectively to changing situations, as a result he was able to defeat the Vikings several times and forced them into a surrender. I was able to present a more detailed explanation by using this technique. There are many reasons why the Anglo-Saxon kings failed to hold off the Viking invaders.

The Anglo-Saxon kings did not trust each other. This meant that…

The Anglo-Saxon kings were disorganised and all tried different ways to deal with the Viking armies. For example…

The invading Vikings were experienced, hard and well trained professional warriors. The Anglo- Saxons did not have a professional army and most of their fighters were farmers who were forced to fight. As a result…

The Viking army was very mobile and hard to pin down, they only fought when they knew they could win and would not stay in one location for long. This meant that…

The Anglo-Saxons were terrified of the heathen Norse warriors. They had frightening Gods, spoke a strange language and seemed to be like devils. Because of this…

I think that the most significant reason why Anglo-Saxon England was such an easy target for the Vikings was… What do you think was the MAIN REASON why Anglo- Saxon England was such an easy target for the Vikings?

Start the discussion: Agree:

• I believe that ___ because... • I support your point that ___ because of… • In my opinion ___ because... • Your opinion is reasonable because... • One argument may be that ___ because... • I agree with your statement because... • I’d like to make the point that… • Your argument is a valid one because...

Build: Challenge:

• Building on what... said... • This opinion could be questioned because… • In addition to ...’s statement... • My own view is contrasting with yours because... • I agree with your point, but should add that… • I would like to challenge your argument because... • Your argument is a good one, however it needs... • I disagree with your statement for a number of reasons... What do you think was the MAIN REASON why Anglo-Saxon England was such an easy target for the Vikings?

Question 1: Question 1:

Describe two features of the Viking raid on Lindisfarne Monastery. Describe two features of the Viking raid on Lindisfarne Monastery.

(4 marks) (4 marks)

Feature 1: Feature 1:

______

Feature 2: Feature 2:

______Why was Anglo-Saxon England such an easy target for the Vikings?

Practice your explanations.

Below are different reasons why the Anglo-Saxon kings struggled against the Viking invasions of 865 AD - 878 AD. For each one write 1-2 full sentences that explain why that factor meant that it was easier for the Vikings to attack.

There are many reasons why the Anglo-Saxon kings failed to hold off the Viking invaders.

The Anglo-Saxon kings did not trust each other. This meant that…

The Anglo-Saxon kings were disorganised and all tried different ways to deal with the Viking armies. For example…

The invading Vikings were experienced, hard and well trained professional warriors. The Anglo- Saxons did not have a professional army and most of their fighters were farmers who were forced to fight. As a result…

The Viking army was very mobile and hard to pin down, they only fought when they knew they could win and would not stay in one location for long. This meant that…

The Anglo-Saxons were terrified of the heathen Norse warriors. They had frightening Gods, spoke a strange language and seemed to be like devils. Because of this…

I think that the most significant reason why Anglo-Saxon England was such an easy target for the Vikings was… A) With their new capital city and thousands of B) In 865 the Norse launched a full scale C) After being paid Danegeld to leave Wessex, new Viking ships arriving to support them, the invasion. 10,000 battle hardened warriors the Vikings returned to York. They spent a Great Heathen Army were eager for more. They landed on the east coast of England. Led by two couple of years rebuilding their exhausted army. attacked the Mercian city of Nottingham. King brothers, Ivar the Boneless and Halfdan They kept demanding payment from the other Bruhed of Mercia and King Ethelred of Wessex Ragnarson, they were a terrible threat to the English Kingdoms, King Buhred of Mercia teamed up to try and fight them, but were English kingdoms. The English called this refused and in 874 AD the Vikings returned and beaten. invasion the “Great Heathen Army”. destroyed his army, conquering Mercia.

D) The first ever Viking raid in England E) After the terrible Battle of Edington, the F) Finally, the powerful kingdom of Wessex tried happened in 793 AD on the holy island of Vikings were finally beaten. King Alfred made a to hold off the Vikings. They were doing a good Lindisfarne. The monastery was attacked and deal with them. It said that the Vikings could job until their leader, King Ethelred died. His destroyed. Over the next few decades Vikings keep the land that they already controlled (The talented brother, Alfred became the new King begin to attack England, Scotland and Ireland English called this new land the “Danelaw”), but of Wessex. He decided to pay the Vikings regularly. they could not attack any more Anglo-Saxon Danegeld so that they would leave. kingdoms. The Vikings agreed and England was finally at peace.

G) The Great Heathen Army landed in Kent, in H) After destroying Buhred’s army, the Vikings I) With his army beaten, King Bruhed of Mercia the South-East of England. The King of Kent now controlled all the English kingdoms apart decided to pay the Vikings Danegeld to stop tried to pay them “Danegeld” a large amount of from Wessex. In 878 AD they returned to finish attacking him. The Vikings moved to East Anglia. money so that they would leave. They took the the job. They fought and beat back King Alfred The King of East Anglia decided to fight, but his Danegeld but attacked Kent anyway, destroying of Wessex, almost destroying his army and army was destroyed and he was captured. The many towns and cities. forcing him to hide in the swamps of south west Vikings violently killed him, terrifying the other England. English kings.

J) After destroying Kent the Vikings headed K) The kingdoms of England had gotten used to L) King Alfred may have been hiding in the north, to Northumbria. Here two Anglo-Saxon Viking raids, but in 852 there was a much larger swamps, but he was not beaten. He sent out men were fighting each other to be king. The attack. Hundreds of Viking ships landed in messages and raised a new army. He set out to clever Vikings were able to defeat and kill both England, where they stayed all winter before fight the Vikings once more, and this time at the kings easily and conquer the divided kingdom. returning to Scandinavia. This troubled the Battle of Edington he destroyed the Great Viking York became their capital city and they English kings – why had they come? Horde. renamed it “Yorvik”. CORRECT ORDER

D) The first ever Viking raid in England K) The kingdoms of England had gotten used to B) In 865 the Norse launched a full scale happened in 793 AD on the holy island of Viking raids, but in 852 there was a much larger invasion. 10,000 battle hardened warriors Lindisfarne. The monastery was attacked and attack. Hundreds of Viking ships landed in landed on the east coast of England. Led by two destroyed. Over the next few decades Vikings England, where they stayed all winter before brothers, Ivar the Boneless and Halfdan begin to attack England, Scotland and Ireland returning to Scandinavia. This troubled the Ragnarson, they were a terrible threat to the regularly. English kings – why had they come? English kingdoms. The English called this invasion the “Great Heathen Army”.

G) The Great Heathen Army landed in Kent, in J) After destroying Kent the Vikings headed A) With their new capital city and thousands of the South-East of England. The King of Kent north, to Northumbria. Here two Anglo-Saxon new Viking ships arriving to support them, the tried to pay them “Danegeld” a large amount of men were fighting each other to be king. The Great Heathen Army were eager for more. They money so that they would leave. They took the clever Vikings were able to defeat and kill both attacked the Mercian city of Nottingham. King Danegeld money but attacked Kent anyway, kings easily and conquer the divided kingdom. Bruhed of Mercia and King Ethelred of Wessex destroying many towns and cities. York became their capital city and they teamed up to try and fight them, but were renamed it “Yorvik”. beaten.

I) With his army beaten, King Bruhed of Mercia F) Finally, the powerful kingdom of Wessex tried C) After being paid Danegeld to leave Wessex, decided to pay the Vikings Danegeld to stop to hold off the Vikings. They were doing a good the Vikings returned to York. They spent a attacking him. The Vikings moved to East Anglia. job until their leader, King Ethelred died. His couple of years rebuilding their exhausted army. The King of East Anglia decided to fight, but his talented brother, Alfred became the new King They kept demanding payment from the other army was destroyed and he was captured. The of Wessex. He decided to pay the Vikings English Kingdoms, King Buhred of Mercia Vikings violently killed him, terrifying the other Danegeld so that they would leave. refused and in 874 AD the Vikings returned and English kings. destroyed his army, conquering Mercia.

H) After destroying Buhred’s army, the Vikings L) King Alfred may have been hiding in the E) After the terrible Battle of Edington, the now controlled all the English kingdoms apart swamps, but he was not beaten. He sent out Vikings were finally beaten. King Alfred made a from Wessex. In 878 AD they returned to finish messages and raised a new army. He set out to deal with them. It said that the Vikings could the job. They fought and beat back King Alfred fight the Vikings once more, and this time at the keep the land that they already controlled (The of Wessex, almost destroying his army and Battle of Edington he destroyed the Great Viking English called this new land the “Danelaw”), but forcing him to hide in the swamps of south west Horde. they could not attack any more Anglo-Saxon England. kingdoms. The Vikings agreed and England was finally at peace.

Question 1:

Describe two features of Scandinavian life and society between 700 AD – 1066 AD.

(4 marks)

Feature 1:

______

Feature 2:

______