A Comparison of the Health Beliefs of Florence Nightingale and Ellen G
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Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertations Graduate Research 2001 A Comparison of the Health Beliefs of Florence Nightingale and Ellen G. White and the Incorporation of Them into Their Respective Schools of Nursing Ruth Duncan Abbott Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, Health and Physical Education Commons, and the Nursing Commons Recommended Citation Abbott, Ruth Duncan, "A Comparison of the Health Beliefs of Florence Nightingale and Ellen G. White and the Incorporation of Them into Their Respective Schools of Nursing" (2001). Dissertations. 176. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/176 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. 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Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Andrews University School of Education A COMPARISON OF THE HEALTH BELIEFS OF FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE AND ELLEN G. WHITE AND THE INCORPORATION OF THEM INTO THEIR RESPECTIVE SCHOOLS OF NURSING A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Ruth Duncan Abbott January 2001 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3007044 Copyright 2001 by Abbott, Ruth Duncan All rights reserved. __ ___ __® UMI UMI Microform 3007044 Copyright 2001 by Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. © Copyright by Ruth Duncan Abbott 2001 All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT A COMPARISON OF THE HEALTH BELIEFS OF FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE AND ELLEN G. WHITE AND THE INCORPORATION OF THEM INTO THEIR RESPECTIVE SCHOOLS OF NURSING by Ruth Duncan Abbott Chair: Paul S. Brantley Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University School of Education Title: A COMPARISON OF THE HEALTH BELIEFS OF FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE AND ELLEN G. WHITE AND THE INCORPORATION OF THEM INTO THEIR RESPECTIVE SCHOOLS OF NURSING Name of researcher: Ruth Duncan Abbott Name and degree of faculty chair: Paul S. Brantley, Ph.D. Date completed: January 2001 This study explored the similarities and differences of the health beliefs of Ellen G. White and Florence Nightingale and how these beliefs were incorporated into each of their respective schools of nursing, the Nightingale Training School for Nurses at St. Thomas’ Hospital and the Medical Missionary Training School for Nurses at the Battle Creek Sanitarium in Battle Creek, Michigan. The research also examined the contextual factors that shaped each woman’s philosophy and influenced the manner in which they carried out their work. Additionally, the research provides information about the historical context surrounding the beginnings of modem nursing, education, health, society, and religion in the nineteenth-century world of Florence Nightingale and Ellen G. White. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Predominately primary sources were utilized. The writings of Florence Nightingale were researched at the British Library, the Wellcome Institute, and the Greater London Record Office. The writings of Ellen G. White were found at the Ellen G. White Estate, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan. This research revealed that the philosophical beliefs of each woman underpinned her health beliefs. Similarities in their health beliefs included concepts about cleanliness, water, nutrition, sunshine, ventilation, and rest. These concepts were common reform issues of that time. Their beliefs about disease, exercise, temperance, and trust in divine power differed. These differences were related to very different philosophical paradigms and family backgrounds. Aspects of each woman’s health beliefs were found in the curriculums of her respective school, although documentation for the spiritual dimension at the Battle Creek school was limited primarily to the informal curriculum. Differences were also found in the way that each woman reformed nursing and in her source of reform. Florence Nightingale’s source of reform was her passion, personal observation, and education. She reformed nursing by using her political influence and money. Ellen G. White’s source of reform was her belief in messages from God. Her reform was built on utilizing these principles. The influence that both women played in the role of nursing and health care is still evident in today’s schools of nursing. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. A COMPARISON OF THE HEALTH BELIEFS OF FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE AND ELLEN G. WHITE AND THE INCORPORATION OF THEM INTO THEIR RESPECTIVE SCHOOLS OF NURSING A dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy by Ruth Duncan Abbott APPROVAL BY THE COMMITTEE: S. Chain Paul S, Brantley Director of Graduate Programs Linda S. Thorman A MemberTiber ShirleyShift A. Freed t . Dean, SchootofEducation Karen R. Graham MemberrtJary G. Land Membd“.nb^h Jen/" Jen/ A. Moon QU j i ^ T h y /c q___ Member Rilla Dee Taylor CT External: W. Richard Lesher Date approved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......................................................................................... viii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................... I Background................................................................................................ I Biographical Works ................................................................................ 7 Research Problems and Questions ......................................................... 13 Delimitations............................................................................................. 15 Purpose and Significance of Study ......................................................... 16 2. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS SHAPING FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE................................................................................................ 18 Family and Early L ife .............................................................................. 22 The English Educational System ........................................................... 24 The Public School .............................................................................. 26 Church Schools ................................................................................... 26 Ragged Schools ................................................................................... 27 Other Types of Schools ...................................................................... 27 Female Roles and Education.................................................................... 28 Florence’s