View the Index
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
INDEX Symbols American Standard Code for Information Interchange. $*, 406 See ASCII $@, 406 anchors, 228 ${!array[*]}, 442 anonymous FTP servers, 186 ${!array[@]}, 442 ANSI (American National Standards ${!prefix*}, 422 Institute), 148 ${!prefix@}, 422 ANSI escape codes, 148 ${#parameter}, 422 ANSI.SYS, 148 ${parameter^}, 426 Apache web server, 108 ${parameter^^}, 426 apropos command, 44 ${parameter:-word}, 420 apt-cache command, 158 :?word}, 421 apt-get command, 158 :+word}, 422 aptitude command, 158 :word}, 421 Arch, 156 ${parameter,}, 426 arithmetic expansion, 64, 68, 335, ${parameter,,}, 426 419, 427 ${parameter/pattern/string}, 424 arithmetic expressions, 64, 416, 427–429 ${parameter//pattern/string}, 424 arithmetic operators, 64, 428 ${parameter/#pattern/string}, 424 arithmetic truth tests, 358, 427 ${parameter/%pattern/string}, 424 arrays ${parameter#pattern}, 423 append values to the end, 442 ${parameter##pattern}, 423 assigning values, 438 ${parameter%pattern}, 424 associative, 448 ${parameter%%pattern}, 424 creating, 438 $!, 457 deleting, 443 $#, 402 determine number of elements, 441 $((expression)), 427 finding used subscripts, 442 $0, 405 index, 438 /, 19 multidimensional, 438 (( )) compound command, 427, 432 reading variables into, 366 [ command, 385 sorting, 443 [[ ]] compound command, 377 subscript, 438 two-dimensional, 437 A ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), a2ps command, 303 70, 75, 206, 232, 303 absolute pathnames, 9 bell character, 146 alias command, 46, 117 collation order, 232 aliases, 40, 46 control codes, 70, 232, 298 American National Standards Institute groff output driver, 292 (ANSI), 148 null character, 206 text, 17 aspell command, 275 cancel command, 307 assembler, 310 carriage return, 17, 70, 146, 232–233, assembly language, 310 247, 274–275, 301 assignment operators, 430 case compound command, 396 associative arrays, 444 case conversion, 425 asynchronous execution, 456 cat command, 53, 247 audio CDs, 178 cd command, 9, 11 AWK programming language, 275, 434 cdrecord command, 178 CD-ROMs, 168–169, 177 B cdrtools package, 178 character classes, 24–26, 230–231, 237, back references, 271 267, 275 backslash-escaped special character ranges, 26, 230–231, 275 characters, 146 chgrp command, 95 backslash escape sequences, 70 child process, 100 backups, incremental, 216 chmod command, 85, 96, 325 basename command, 405 chown command, 94–96 .bash_history, 77 Chrome, 329 .bash_login, 119 chronological sorting, 253 .bash_profile, 119 cleartext, 186, 188 .bashrc, 119–121, 326, 347, 405 client-server architecture, 457 bash (shell), 3, 116 COBOL programming language, 310 man page, 44 collation order, 118, 234, 267 basic regular expressions, 234, ASCII, 234, 355 242–243, 273 traditional, 234 bc command, 434 command history, 4, 77 Berkeley Software Distribution command line (BSD), 301 arguments, 402 bg command, 106 editing, 4, 74 /bin, 19 expansion, 61 binary, 85, 86, 90, 310, 428 history, 4, 77 bit mask, 89 interfaces, xxvi, 25 bit operators, 431 command options, 14 /boot, 19 commands /boot/grub/grub.conf, 19 arguments, 14, 402 /boot/vmlinuz, 19 determining type, 40 Bourne, Steve, 3 documentation, 41 brace expansion, 65, 68, 414 executable program files, 40, 311 branching, 349 executing as another user, 92 break command, 378, 409 long options, 14 broken links, 36 options, 14 BSD (Berkeley Software command substitution, 67, 68, 415 Distribution), 301 comm command, 262 BSD style, 102 comments, 120, 124, 274, 324, 392 buffering, 170 Common Unix Printing System bugs, 390–391 (CUPS), 300 build environment, 315 comparison operators, 432 bzip2 command, 212 compiler, 311 compiling, 310 C compound commands (( )), 358, 371, 427 C++, 310 [[ ]], 357, 371 cal command, 5 460 Index case, 396 defensive programming, 387, 391 for, 413 delimiters, 69, 251, 254 if, 350 dependencies, 157, 318 until, 379 design, 390–391 while, 376 /dev/cdrom, 171 compression algorithms, 210 /dev/dvd, 171 conditional expressions, 387 /dev/floppy, 171 configuration files, 17, 20, 115 device drivers, 163, 310 ./configure, 315 device names, 170 configure command, 315 device nodes, 19 constants, 333 /dev/null, 53 continue command, 378 df command, 6, 346 control characters, 146, 247 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration controlling terminal, 100 Protocol), 184 control operators dictionary collation order, 232 &&, 361, 371 diction program, 312 ||, 361 diff command, 263 COPYING (documentation file), 314 Digital Restrictions Management copying and pasting (DRM), 157 in vim, 135 directories, 91 on the command line, 75 copying, 26 with X Windows System, 5 creating, 26, 31 coreutils package, 45, 258 current working, 8 counting words in a file, 57 deleting, 28, 35 cp command, 26, 31, 122, 192 hierarchical, 7 C programming language, 310, 416, home, 20, 346 430, 432 listing, 13 CPU, 99–100, 310 moving, 27, 33 cron job, 197 navigating, 7 crossword puzzles, 229 OLDPWD variable, 118 csplit command, 278 parent, 8 CUPS (Common Unix Printing PATH variable, 118 System), 300 PWD variable, 118 cursor movement, 74 removing, 28, 35 cut command, 256, 424 renaming, 27, 33 cutting and pasting on the command root, 7 line, 75 shared, 95 synchronizing, 219 D transferring over a network, 219 viewing contents, 9 daemon programs, 100, 108 disk partitions, 167 data compression, 210 DISPLAY variable, 118 data redundancy, 210 Dolphin, 25, 88 data validation, 357 dos2unix command, 248 date command, 5 dot-matrix printing, 298 date formats, 253 dpkg command, 158 dd command, 177 DRM (Digital Restrictions Debian, 156 Management), 157 Debian Style (.deb), 156 du command, 250, 346 debugging, 344, 391 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol declare command, 426 (DHCP), 184 Index 461 E extended regular expressions, 234 Extensible Markup Language echo command, 62, 117, 330 (XML), 246 -e option, 71 -n option, 365 edge and corner cases, 391 F EDITOR variable, 118 false command, 351 elif statement, 356 fg command, 106 email, 246 FIFO (first-in, first-out), 457 embedded systems, 310 file command, 16 empty variables, 420 file descriptor, 52 encrypted tunnels, 191 filenames, 206 encryption, 268 case sensitive, 11 end of file, 54, 336 embedded spaces in, 11, 240 enscript command, 305 leading hyphens, 389 environment, 115–116, 370 POSIX Portable Filename aliases, 116 Character Set, 389 establishing, 118 problems with, 388 examining, 116 files shell functions, 116 access, 82 subshells, 451 archiving, 217 variables, 116 attributes, 83 eqn command, 290 block special, 84 /etc, 20 block special device, 198 /etc/bash.bashrc, 119 changing file mode, 85 /etc/crontab, 20 changing owner and group /etc/fstab, 20, 166, 176 owner, 94 /etc/group, 83 character special, 84 /etc/passwd, 20, 254, 258, 369 character special device, 198 /etc/profile, 119–120 configuration, 17, 246 /etc/shadow, 83 copying, 31 /etc/sudoers, 92 copying over a network, 185 executable files, 316 creating empty, 51 executable programs, 40, 311 .deb, 156 determining location, 41 deleting, 28, 35, 203 PATH variable, 118 determining contents, 16 exit command, 6, 354, 373 device nodes, 19 exit status, 350–351, 354 execution access, 83 expand command, 258 expressions, 352 expansions, 61 finding, 195 arithmetic, 64, 335, 419, 427 hidden, 11 brace, 65, 68, 414 ISO image, 177–179 command substitution, 67 listing, 13 errors resulting from, 386 mode, 84 history, 78–79 moving, 27, 32 parameter, 66, 333, 338 owner, 85 pathname, 68, 414 permissions, 82 tilde, 63, 68 read access, 83 word-splitting, 68 regular, 198 expressions removing, 28, 35 arithmetic, 64, 427, 438 renaming, 27, 32 ext4 filesystem, 175 .rpm, 156 462 Index shared library, 20 genisoimage command, 178 symbolic links, 198 Ghostscript, 300 synchronizing, 219 gid (primary group ID), 83 temporary, 455 global variables, 343 text, 17 globbing, 24 transferring over a network, 185, GNOME, 3, 25, 37, 88, 121, 192 217, 219 gnome-terminal, 4 truncating, 51 GNU binutils package, 415 type, 83 GNU C Compiler, 311 viewing contents, 17 GNU coreutils package, 42, 45, 258 write access, 83 GNU/Linux, xxix file system corruption, 170 GNU Project, xxix, 14, 312–313 File Transfer Protocol (FTP), 186 info command, 45 filters, 55 graphical user interface (GUI), xxvi, 5, find command, 197, 216 25, 37, 74, 88, 118 Firefox, 329 grep command, 57, 226, 369 first-in, first-out (FIFO), 457 groff command, 290 floppy disks, 171 group commands, 447 flow control groups, 82 branching, 349 effective group ID (gid), 91 case compound command, 396 setgid, 91 elif statement, 356 GUI (graphical user interface), xxvi, 5, endless loop, 379 25, 37, 74, 88, 118 for compound command, 413 gunzip command, 211 for loop, 413 gzip command, 46, 210 function statement, 342 if compound command, 350 H menu-driven, 372 reading files with while and until halt command, 110 loops, 380 hard disks, 165 terminating a loop, 378 hard links, 22, 30, 33 traps, 453 creating, 33 until loop, 379 listing, 34 while loop, 377 hash mark (#), 4 fmt command, 283 head command, 58 focus policy, 5 header files, 314 fold command, 282 “hello world” program, 324 for compound command, 413 help command, 41 Fortran programming language, here documents, 336 310, 416 here strings, 369 free command, 6, 170 hexadecimal, 86, 427 Free Software Foundation, xxix hidden files, 11, 63 fsck command, 176 high-level programming languages, 310 FTP (File Transfer Protocol), 186 history ftp command, 186, 192, 312, 337 expansion, 78–79 FTP servers, 186, 337 searching, 78 FUNCNAME variable, 405 history command, 77 function statement, 341 /home, 20 home directories, 20, 83 G