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Surveillance of U.S. Corporate Filings Provides a Proactive Approach to Inform Tobacco Regulatory Research Strategy
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 25 January 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0472.v1 Article Surveillance of U.S. corporate filings provides a proactive approach to inform tobacco regulatory research strategy S. Emma Sarles 1, Edward C. Hensel 2* and Risa J. Robinson 3 1 PhD in Engineering Student, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester NY, USA; [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4890-1820 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester NY, USA; [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2682-0766 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester NY, USA; [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8488-5448 * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The popularity of electronic cigarettes in the United States and around the world has led to a startling rise in youth nicotine use. The Juul e-cigarette was introduced in the U.S. market in 2015 and had captured approximately 13% of the U.S. market by 2017. Unlike many other contemporary electronic cigarette companies, the founders behind the Juul® e-cigarette approached their product launch like a traditional high-tech start-up company, not like a tobacco company. This article presents a case study of Juul’s corporate and product development history in the context of US regulatory actions. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the value of government- curated archives as leading indicators which can (a) provide insight into emergent technologies and (b) inform emergent regulatory science research questions. A variety of sources were used to gather data about the Juul e-cigarette and the corporations that surround it. -
AVL 36 Sector 36A Gurgaon by AVLINFRA Draw Results
List of Successful Applicants List of Successful Applicants - AVL36GURGAON Category - A1 : 2BHK Father's/ Husband's Flat No. Sl. No. App. No. Applicant Name Name Block Unit No. 1 2 Alok Verma Prem Verma B-09 202 2 9 AMIT Raj Kumar B-08 707 3 14 JYOTI Anil Kumar B-08 807 4 19 Alok Kumar Ramesh Kumar B-10 307 5 21 Ram Narayan Dalu Ram B-12 603 6 28 SUNITA Surender Singh B-18 506 7 29 DINESH KUMAR Radheshyam B-19 802 8 31 INDRA CHOUHAN Krishan Kant Jingar B-17 903 9 33 Neelam Gupta S.N. Gupta B-07 903 10 40 ARCHANA DHULL Ram Kumar Dhull B-08 1007 11 60 Vijay Kumar Yadav Omkar Singh Yadav B-18 707 12 64 JOGENDER MEHTA Krishan Lal Mehta B-02 407 13 66 Tasvir Singh Ram Swarup B-05 306 14 68 Pritika Puri Shyam Sunder Puri B-18 1003 15 69 MEGHA GUPTA Himanshu Aggarwal B-17 407 16 70 Pawan Singh Samsher Singh B-04 1003 17 71 Ashish Kumar Vijay Kumar B-14 202 18 72 ABHIJEET BHARDWAJ Prem Prakash Bhardwaj B-13 202 19 73 Deepak Haldar Dina Bandhu Haldar B-05 106 20 84 Yogesh Rathee Ram Kishan Rathee B-07 306 21 96 Chandra Shekhar Sharma Hari Kumar Sharma B-10 107 22 97 Kavita Sharma Sanjay Sharma B-01 1007 23 98 Ashwani Kumar Sharma Hari Kumar Sharma B-11 602 24 101 Sunil Kumar Singh Gagandeo Singh B-17 203 25 102 Rajeev Sood Satya Paul Sood B-18 407 26 107 Pawan Kumar Mishra Satya Narayan Mishra B-01 107 27 112 Lata Rani Gopal Meena B-12 607 28 119 Monika Sachdeva Arora Kamal Arora B-09 807 29 141 Tribhawan Yadav Kanwar Lal B-03 307 30 144 Geeta Jai Prakash B-05 407 31 145 Vijay Kumar Jagdish Chand B-13 707 32 148 Parveen Kumar Ajit Singh B-10 206 33 166 Pardeep Sharma Bishmbher Sharma B-06 803 34 169 Jagdish Chander Kali Ram B-02 1003 35 171 Yudhvir Singh Gulia Niranjan Singh B-14 307 36 172 Manish Kumar O.P. -
Juul and Other High Nicotine E-Cigarettes Are Addicting a New Generation of Youth
JUUL AND OTHER HIGH NICOTINE E-CIGARETTES ARE ADDICTING A NEW GENERATION OF YOUTH Launched in 2015, JUUL quickly disrupted the e-cigarette marketplace, popularizing e-cigarette devices that are sleek, discreet and have sweet flavors and a powerful nicotine hit. Nicotine is highly addictive, can negatively impact the development of the adolescent brain, and can harm the cardiovascular system.1 Youth e-cigarette use in the United States has skyrocketed to what the U.S. Surgeon General and the FDA have called “epidemic” levels, with 3.6 million middle and high school students using e- cigarettes. 2 Former FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb has stated, “There’s no question the Juul product drove a lot of the youth use.”3 The Surgeon General has called for “aggressive steps to protect our children from these highly potent products that risk exposing a new generation of young people to nicotine.”4 Use of Nicotine Salts Makes it Easier for New Users to Try E-Cigarettes Just like the tobacco industry has used additives and design changes to make cigarettes more addictive and appealing to new users (particularly youth),5 JUUL pioneered a new e-liquid formulation that delivers nicotine more effectively and with less irritation than earlier e-cigarette models. According to the company, the nicotine in JUUL is made from “nicotine salts found in leaf tobacco, rather than free-base nicotine,” in order to “accommodate cigarette-like strength nicotine levels.”6 JUUL’s original patent stated that, “certain nicotine salt formulations provide satisfaction in an individual superior to that of free base nicotine, and more comparable to the satisfaction in an individual smoking a traditional cigarette. -
Emerging Issues in Tobacco Control: the Rise of Electronic Products and Implications for Policy, Planning, and Practice
Emerging Issues in Tobacco Control: The Rise of Electronic Products and Implications for Policy, Planning, and Practice B R I A N A. KING, PHD, MPH DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR RESEARCH TRANSLATION OFFICE ON SMOKING AND HEALTH State of Alaska Tobacco Prevention and Control Grantee Training Meeting ● November 14, 2018 1 What Are They? Why Are They 2 Popular? Who’s Using 3 Them? 4 Are They Safe? What Can We 5 Do About it? 1 What Are They? Why Are They 2 Popular? Who’s Using 3 Them? 4 Are They Safe? What Can We 5 Do About it? The Good News: Cigarette Smoking Is Down 40 35 30 25 smoking prevalence smoking 20 15 Cigarette Cigarette 10 5 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Adults 18+ High School Students Source: Adult cigarette smoking prevalence data are from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). High school cigarette smoking prevalence data are from the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The Bad News: The Landscape Is Evolving Cigars, Cigarillos Cigarettes Little Cigars Smokeless Pipes Tobacco Snus Hookah Bidis Dissolvables Kreteks E-cigarettes Heated Tobacco Products E-cigarettes: A Rapidly Diversifying Class The E-cigarette Landscape is Volatile Source: King, BA, Gammon DG, Marynak KL, Rogers T. Electronic Cigarette Sales in the United States, 2013-2017. JAMA October 2018;Volume 320:Number 13. The Rise of JUUL What Are “Heat Not Burn” Products? Contain Tobacco Throat Hit Similar to Cigarettes Pending FDA Pre-Market Approval A scientific advisory committee met to discuss the MRTP application in January 2018. -
Heated Tobacco Products (Htps) Information Sheet May 2018 WHO/NMH/PND/17.6
HEATED TOBACCO PRODUCTS (HTPS) INFORMATION SHEET MAY 2018 WHO/NMH/PND/17.6 What is a heated tobacco product? Heated tobacco products are tobacco products that produce aerosols containing nicotine and other chemicals, which are inhaled by users, through the mouth. They contain the highly addictive substance nicotine (contained in the tobacco), which makes HTPs addictive. They also contain non-tobacco additives, and are often flavoured. HTPs mimic the behaviour of smoking conventional cigarettes, and some make use of specifically designed cigarettes to contain the tobacco for heating. What are some examples of HTPs? Where are HTPs marketed? There are a number of these tobacco products HTPs are marketed or planned to be marketed in available on several markets. Examples include close to forty countries as of September 2017*, iQOS from Philip Morris International, Ploom and based on the current trend, it is likely that TECH from Japan Tobacco International, Glo these tobacco products will be introduced in from British American Tobacco, and PAX from more countries. PAX Labs. Are HTPs electronic-cigarettes? How do HTPs work? No, HTPs are not e-cigarettes. HTPs heat tobacco In order to produce the nicotine-infused vapor, to generate nicotine. E-cigarettes heat e-liquid, HTPs heat tobacco up to 350°C (lower than 600°C which may or may not contain nicotine and in as in conventional cigarettes) using battery- most cases do not contain tobacco. powered heating-systems. The heating-system enclosed in a device, can be an external heat source to aerosolize nicotine from specially designed cigarettes (e.g. iQOS and Glo), or a heated sealed chamber to aerosolize nicotine directly from tobacco leaf (ex. -
H.C.S (Judicial Branch) Preliminary Examination Held on 10/01/2015 Revised Roll Number Wise Complete Result S.No
H.C.S (JUDICIAL BRANCH) PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION HELD ON 10/01/2015 REVISED ROLL NUMBER WISE COMPLETE RESULT S.NO. ROLL NO CANDIDATE'S NAME FATHER'S NAME CATEGORY NO. OF QUESTION MARKS CORRECT WRONG BLANK (OUT OF 476) 1 10001 AABGINA CHISHTI RAFAT ULLAH CHISHTI General 29 41 49 83.20 2 10002 AABHA SHARMA R R SHARMA General 66 23 30 245.60 3 10003 AABHAR JAIN RAJIV JAIN General 49 70 140.00 4 10004 AADITI SHARMA ALOK PRIYADARSHI General 52 35 32 180.00 5 10005 AADITYA BANSAL A K BANSAL General 43 52 24 130.40 6 10006 AADITYA SHARMA SURESH CHANDER BHARDWAJ General 56 40 23 192.00 7 10007 AADITYA VIKRAM RAKESH KUMAR PARMAR General 87 32 322.40 8 10009 AAKANKSHA RAM SINGH General 68 51 231.20 9 10010 AAKANKSHA KALIA NARENDER KUMAR KALIA General 85 28 6 317.60 10 10011 AAKANKSHA MONGA SURESH KUMAR MONGA General 64 32 23 230.40 11 10012 AAKANKSHA NATH UNNAT KHETAN General 44 31 44 151.20 12 10013 AAKANKSHA SEKHON GURCHARAN SINGH SEKHON General DESM 71 21 27 267.20 13 10017 AAKASH KUKKAR RAJAN KUKKAR General 55 25 39 200.00 14 10020 AAKASH SINGLA ASHOK SINGLA General 78 24 17 292.80 15 10022 AAKASH WADHWA MOHAN LAL WADHWA General 31 61 27 75.20 16 10024 AAKRITI YUDHVIR SINGH MALIK General 51 51 17 163.20 17 10025 AAKRITI KOHLI SH ASHOK KUMAR KOHLI General 62 38 19 217.60 18 10028 AAKRITI VERMA RAMESH KUMAR General 94 10 15 368.00 19 10029 AAKSHI SEHGAL PAWAN SEHGAL General 60 58 1 193.60 20 10030 AAMIR KHAN YUSUF BCB 59 60 188.00 21 10031 AAMIR RAIS RAHAT RAIS General 108 10 1 424.00 22 10032 AAMIR ZAYA ZAYA TASNIM General 46 47 26 146.40 23 10034 AANCHAL GUPTA ASHOK KUMAR GUPTA General 61 27 31 222.40 24 10035 AANCHAL SETHI VINOD KUMAR SETHI General 45 39 35 148.80 25 10036 AANCHAL SETHI PARVEEN SETHI General 67 29 23 244.80 PAGE NO. -
Batch Wise List, Please See Below
DELHI & DISTRICT CRICKET ASSOCIATION (AFFILIATED TO THE BOARD OF CONTROL FOR CRICKET IN INDIA) ARUN JAITLEY STADIUM FEROZSHAH KOTLA GROUND, NEW DELHI-110002 Date: 25/08/2021 DDCA is conducting Men's Under-19 Preliminary Trials from 26-08-2021 at Palam Airforce Cricket Ground. The schedule of trials is as under:- S.No Date Batch Time Reporting Time 1. 26-08-2021 Batch-1 09:00 AM to 12:00 NOON 08:30 AM 2. 26-08-2021 Batch-2 01:00 PM to 04:00 PM 12:30 PM 3. 27-08-2021 Batch-3 09:00 AM to 12:00 NOON 08:30 AM 4. 27-08-2021 Batch-4 01:00 PM to 04:00 PM 12:30 PM 5. 28-08-2021 Batch-5 09:00 AM to 12:00 NOON 08:30 AM 6. 28-08-2021 Batch-6 01:00 PM to 04:00 PM 12:30 PM INSTRUCTIONS FOR PLAYERS 1. Parking is not allowed at the venue. 2. Parents are not allowed inside the ground premises. 3. All the players are advised to wear Proper White Sports Dress. 4. Venue : Palam Air force Ground , New Delhi 5. Enclosed: Batch wise list, Please See Below. “This is an electronically generated note, hence does not require a signature” FOR & on behalf of DELHI & DISTRICT CRICKET ASSOCIATION BATCH-1 S.no NAME OF THE PLAYER Proficiency Specialization Date of Birth Father Name / Mother Name 1 Nitesh kumar sharma All Rounder Opening Batsmen, Right Arm Fast Bowler 06-07-2005 Sh. Joginder kumar Sharma 2 Dev Lakra All Rounder Opening Batsmen, Middle Order Batsmen 27-01-2003 Dharmender 3 piyush mathur All Rounder Middle Order Batsmen 25-12-2003 Vijay Mathur 4 Piyush All Rounder Opening Batsmen, Off Spinner (RAOS) 03-07-2003 Sundar singh 5 AYUSH SAINI All Rounder Right -
List of Candidates on the Basis of NEET-MDS-2020 Data Provided by National Board of Examination (NBE) Through Health Department, Govt
Page No:- 1 / 678 List of Candidates on the basis of NEET-MDS-2020 data Provided by National Board of Examination (NBE) through Health Department, Govt. of Bihar for Admission to PG Degree Courses of Bihar State Government / Private Dental Colleges. Application Seq. Score All India NEET- S.NO Roll No Number Name Father's Name BDS Passed State (Out of 960) MDS-2020 Rank 1 1955202095 MD006059 EZHILARASI S SUNDARAM K Tamil Nadu 779 1 2 1955226759 MD007020 MELETI VENKATA SOWMYA MELETI CHINNA RAO Andhra Pradesh 776 2 3 1955202490 MD003354 AMRIN RIZWANA AYUB AHMED Tamil Nadu 759 3 4 1955221253 MD002158 COSTA REACHEL KIMI SOCORRO FRANCISCO COSTA OTHERS 756 4 5 1955221211 MD001334 GUPTA VEENITA VINOD GUPTA VINOD KUMAR OTHERS 752 5 6 1955204660 MD007582 TEH MIN CHOU YINCHAI CHOU Madhya Pradesh 751 6 7 1955217298 MD000716 ASWATHI KRISHNAN V. RADHAKRISHNAN NAIR Kerala 750 7 8 1955206555 MD004354 J VINUTHA JAGANATHAN K Tamil Nadu 748 8 9 1955206865 MD002975 MOHANA N NETHIVALAVAN K Tamil Nadu 748 9 10 1955206410 MD001478 ANANDA RAJ S SOMASUNDARAM R Tamil Nadu 747 10 11 1955205954 MD001312 AISHWARYA.P PREMKUMAR.P Kerala 747 11 12 1955222528 MD002830 MAHAJAN ARJUN DEEPAK MAHAJAN DEEPAK SHRIDHAR Maharashtra 746 12 13 1955216484 MD001859 PARDIWALA ARWA FAYYAZ FAYYAZ FAIZULLABHAI PARDIWALA Maharashtra 743 13 14 1955204160 MD004485 POOJA SREE V N VASUDEV Tamil Nadu 741 14 15 1955203814 MD001973 ASHMITA K B N KANNAN Tamil Nadu 741 15 16 1955225206 MD000741 POOJA.K.P K.M.PURUSHOTHAMAN Kerala 738 16 17 1955225524 MD011420 KANAGADURGA R RAJAGOPAL S Tamil Nadu -
Alphabetical List of Persons for Whom Recommendations Were Received for Padma Awards - 2015
Alphabetical List of Persons for whom recommendations were received for Padma Awards - 2015 Sl. No. Name 1. Shri Aashish 2. Shri P. Abraham 3. Ms. Sonali Acharjee 4. Ms. Triveni Acharya 5. Guru Shashadhar Acharya 6. Shri Gautam Navnitlal Adhikari 7. Dr. Sunkara Venkata Adinarayana Rao 8. Shri Pankaj Advani 9. Shri Lal Krishna Advani 10. Dr. Devendra Kumar Agarwal 11. Shri Madan Mohan Agarwal 12. Dr. Nand Kishore Agarwal 13. Dr. Vinay Kumar Agarwal 14. Dr. Shekhar Agarwal 15. Dr. Sanjay Agarwala 16. Smt. Raj Kumari Aggarwal 17. Ms. Preety Aggarwal 18. Dr. S.P. Aggarwal 19. Dr. (Miss) Usha Aggarwal 20. Shri Vinod Aggarwal 21. Shri Jaikishan Aggarwal 22. Dr. Pratap Narayan Agrawal 23. Shri Badriprasad Agrawal 24. Dr. Sudhir Agrawal 25. Shri Vishnu Kumar Agrawal 26. Prof. (Dr.) Sujan Agrawal 27. Dr. Piyush C. Agrawal 28. Shri Subhash Chandra Agrawal 29. Dr. Sarojini Agrawal 30. Shri Sushiel Kumar Agrawal 31. Shri Anand Behari Agrawal 32. Dr. Varsha Agrawal 33. Dr. Ram Autar Agrawal 34. Shri Gopal Prahladrai Agrawal 35. Shri Anant Agrawal 36. Prof. Afroz Ahmad 37. Prof. Afzal Ahmad 38. Shri Habib Ahmed 39. Dr. Siddeek Ahmed Haji Panamtharayil 40. Dr. Ranjan Kumar Akhaury 41. Ms. Uzma Akhtar 42. Shri Eshan Akhtar 43. Shri Vishnu Akulwar 44. Shri Bruce Alberts 45. Captain Abbas Ali 46. Dr. Mohammed Ali 47. Dr. Govardhan Aliseri 48. Dr. Umar Alisha 49. Dr. M. Mohan Alva 50. Shri Mohammed Amar 51. Shri Gangai Amaren 52. Smt. Sindhutai Ramchandra Ambike 53. Mata Amritanandamayi 54. Dr. Manjula Anagani 55. Shri Anil Kumar Anand 56. -
Colgate V. JUUL Labs, Inc.: Addressing the Preemptive Scope of the Tobacco Control Act for Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Journal of Business & Technology Law Volume 15 Issue 1 Article 8 Colgate v. JUUL Labs, Inc.: Addressing the Preemptive Scope of the Tobacco Control Act for Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Daniel S. Hausman Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/jbtl Recommended Citation Daniel S. Hausman, Colgate v. JUUL Labs, Inc.: Addressing the Preemptive Scope of the Tobacco Control Act for Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, 15 J. Bus. & Tech. L. 215 (2019) Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/jbtl/vol15/iss1/8 This Notes & Comments is brought to you for free and open access by the Academic Journals at DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Business & Technology Law by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Colgate v. JUUL Labs, Inc.: Addressing the Preemptive Scope of the Tobacco Control Act for Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems DANIEL S. HAUSMAN*© ABSTRACT The promise offered by e-cigarette manufactures like JUUL Labs, Inc. of a healthier alternative to conventional combustible tobacco products has been eradicated as reports of skyrocketing teenage nicotine addiction and serious health concerns from the use of e-cigarettes continue to emerge. Ever since the Surgeon General declared tobacco a health risk in 1964, Congress and the judiciary have dealt with tobacco manufacturers who falsely advertised their product as safer to assuage the concerns of consumers. The Tobacco Control Act, passed in 2009, is Congress’ latest attempt to regulate the tobacco industry to ensure consumers are adequately informed about the health risks of tobacco products, including what tobacco manufactures can say about “modified risk tobacco products” such as e-cigarettes. -
Case 3:18-Cv-02499-WHO Document 82 Filed 01/30/19 Page 1 of 118
Case 3:18-cv-02499-WHO Document 82 Filed 01/30/19 Page 1 of 118 GUTRIDE SAFIER LLP Adam J. Gutride (State Bar No. 181446) 1 Seth A. Safier (State Bar No. 197427) Todd Kennedy (State Bar No. 250267) 2 Anthony Patek (State Bar No. 228964) 3 100 Pine Street, Suite 1250 San Francisco, California 94111 4 Telephone: (415) 639-9090 Facsimile: (415) 449-6469 5 [email protected] [email protected] 6 [email protected] 7 [email protected] 8 MIGLIACCIO & RATHOD LLP Nicholas Migliaccio, admitted pro hac vice 9 Jason Rathod, admitted pro hac vice 10 Esfand Nafisi (State Bar No. 320119) 388 Market Street, Suite 1300 11 San Francisco, CA 94111 Telephone: (202) 470-3520 12 Facsimile: (202) 800-2730 [email protected] 13 [email protected] 14 [email protected] 15 (additional counsel on signature page) Attorneys for Plaintiffs 16 17 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 18 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 19 SAN FRANCISCO DIVISION 20 IN RE: JUUL LABS, INC. PRODUCT CASE NO. 3:18-cv-2499 21 LITIGATION Honorable William H. Orrick 22 23 CONSOLIDATED AMENDED CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT 24 (CORRECTED) 25 26 JURY TRIAL DEMANDED 27 28 -1- Consolidated Amended Class Action Complaint Case 3:18-cv-02499-WHO Document 82 Filed 01/30/19 Page 2 of 118 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 5 2 II. PARTIES ................................................................................................................................. -
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
1 Peter A. Sandberg Ingaldson Fitzgerald, P.C. 2 813 W. Third Avenue Anchorage, Alaska 99501 3 (907) 258-8750 [email protected] 4 Robert J. Nelson 5 Lexi J. Hazam Sarah R. London 6 Fabrice N. Vincent (Pro Hac Vice anticipated) Reilly T. Stoler 7 LIEFF CABRASER HEIMANN & BERNSTEIN, LLP 275 Battery Street, 29th Floor 8 San Francisco, CA 94111-3339 Telephone: 415.956.1000 9 Facsimile: 415.956.1008 10 Wendy R. Fleishman Kartik S. Madiraju (Pro Hac Vice anticipated) 11 LIEFF CABRASER HEIMANN & BERNSTEIN, LLP 250 Hudson Street, 8th Floor 12 New York, NY 10013-1413 Telephone: 212.355.9500 13 Facsimile: 212.355.9592 14 Attorneys for Plaintiff 15 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 16 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ALASKA 17 JOSEPH BURNS, by and through his Case No. 3:20-cv-00291-JWS PARENT and NATURAL GUARDIAN 18 MARGARET BURNS, COMPLAINT 19 Plaintiff, DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL 20 v. 21 JUUL LABS, INC., previously d/b/a PAX Labs, Inc. and PLOOM Inc.; ALTRIA 22 Group, Inc.; Philip Morris USA, Inc.; Altria Client Services LLC; Altria Group 23 Distribution Company; Altria Enterprises LLC; Adam Bowen; James Monsees; 24 Nicholas Pritzker; Hoyoung Huh; Riaz Valani; Mother Murphy’s Labs, Inc.; 25 Alternative Ingredients, Inc.; Tobacco Technology, Inc.; eLiquitech, Inc.; ZIIP 26 Lab Co., Ltd.; and ZLAB, S.A., 27 Defendants. 28 Case 3:20-cv-00291-JWS Document 1 Filed 11/17/20 Page 1 of 125 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 Page 3 I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 II. JURISDICTION AND VENUE ......................................................................................... 8 4 III. THE PLAINTIFF ...............................................................................................................