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Surveillance of U.S. Corporate Filings Provides a Proactive Approach to Inform Tobacco Regulatory Research Strategy
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 25 January 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0472.v1 Article Surveillance of U.S. corporate filings provides a proactive approach to inform tobacco regulatory research strategy S. Emma Sarles 1, Edward C. Hensel 2* and Risa J. Robinson 3 1 PhD in Engineering Student, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester NY, USA; [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4890-1820 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester NY, USA; [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2682-0766 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester NY, USA; [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8488-5448 * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The popularity of electronic cigarettes in the United States and around the world has led to a startling rise in youth nicotine use. The Juul e-cigarette was introduced in the U.S. market in 2015 and had captured approximately 13% of the U.S. market by 2017. Unlike many other contemporary electronic cigarette companies, the founders behind the Juul® e-cigarette approached their product launch like a traditional high-tech start-up company, not like a tobacco company. This article presents a case study of Juul’s corporate and product development history in the context of US regulatory actions. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the value of government- curated archives as leading indicators which can (a) provide insight into emergent technologies and (b) inform emergent regulatory science research questions. A variety of sources were used to gather data about the Juul e-cigarette and the corporations that surround it. -
The Teen Vaping Crisis
The Teen Vaping Crisis Carolina, Cindy, and Jay Problem ● JUUL, the leading company in electronic cigarettes, has sold 16.2 million e-cigarettes in 2017 ● 38% of high school students in the U.S. have tried vaping ● 10% of high school students in the U.S. have smoked ● The legal age to buy vapes in the U.S. is 18 ● Electronic cigarettes are too easily accessible for teens, despite its deadly consequences Why is this a problem? ● The nicotine content of JUUL pods is 5% or 50 mg/ml ● One JUUL pod has the same amount of nicotine as 20 cigarettes ● Leads to cancer and harms all organs ● Teens are too easily becoming addicted to nicotine 7 in 10 teens Are exposed to e-cig advertising Past Legislation ● Little regulation in packaging and distribution in USA at a national level ○ In Erie county, NY Governor Andrew Cuomo attached vaping legislation to his budget ■ Would ban companies from displaying vaping devices where children are allowed ■ Will also raise age to 21 ● Boxes have the warning “This product contains nicotine. Nicotine is an addictive chemical” ● Warning letters to companies who made the packaging look like candy ● Banned the sale of e-cigs to children under 18 ● Countries have plain packaging on normal cigarettes; saw 10% reduction in use in one year Constituents ● Government is working on regulating e-cigs ● Not much done with packaging Non-users ● Public opinion (STAT Harvard poll with 1014 people): Vapers Nearly 100% of users and non users agree that Total packaging should have warnings Solution ● More transparent/simple packaging -
Commentary: the Emergence of Pod Mods at Vape Shops
Evaluation & the Health Professions 1-7 ª The Author(s) 2018 Commentary: Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/0163278718812976 The Emergence journals.sagepub.com/home/ehp of Pod Mods at Vape Shops Ellen Galstyan1 , Artur Galimov1 and Steve Sussman1,2,3 Abstract The vape shop industry is a rapidly growing market sector with a constantly changing product landscape. The rapid evolution of nicotine delivery sys- tems, most notably the emergence of salt nicotine e-juice and pod mod devices, have resulted in a sudden shift in the product market, suggesting new implications for the health professions in addressing electronic cigar- ette use. Keywords vape shops, electronic cigarettes, pod mods, health 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 2Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 3School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Corresponding Authors: Ellen Galstyan and Steve Sussman, Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern Cali- fornia, 2001 N Soto St., 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]. 2 Evaluation & the Health Professions XX(X) Electronic cigarettes entered the U.S. market in the mid-2000s, although the concept of the e-cigarette was introduced back in the 1960s. In the last few years, “vape shops” have flourished in various countries including the United States, as brick and mortar e-cigarette retail outlets, as well as a highly e-commerce-driven industry. -
Juul and Other High Nicotine E-Cigarettes Are Addicting a New Generation of Youth
JUUL AND OTHER HIGH NICOTINE E-CIGARETTES ARE ADDICTING A NEW GENERATION OF YOUTH Launched in 2015, JUUL quickly disrupted the e-cigarette marketplace, popularizing e-cigarette devices that are sleek, discreet and have sweet flavors and a powerful nicotine hit. Nicotine is highly addictive, can negatively impact the development of the adolescent brain, and can harm the cardiovascular system.1 Youth e-cigarette use in the United States has skyrocketed to what the U.S. Surgeon General and the FDA have called “epidemic” levels, with 3.6 million middle and high school students using e- cigarettes. 2 Former FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb has stated, “There’s no question the Juul product drove a lot of the youth use.”3 The Surgeon General has called for “aggressive steps to protect our children from these highly potent products that risk exposing a new generation of young people to nicotine.”4 Use of Nicotine Salts Makes it Easier for New Users to Try E-Cigarettes Just like the tobacco industry has used additives and design changes to make cigarettes more addictive and appealing to new users (particularly youth),5 JUUL pioneered a new e-liquid formulation that delivers nicotine more effectively and with less irritation than earlier e-cigarette models. According to the company, the nicotine in JUUL is made from “nicotine salts found in leaf tobacco, rather than free-base nicotine,” in order to “accommodate cigarette-like strength nicotine levels.”6 JUUL’s original patent stated that, “certain nicotine salt formulations provide satisfaction in an individual superior to that of free base nicotine, and more comparable to the satisfaction in an individual smoking a traditional cigarette. -
Big Tob Acco's Tricks
BIG TOBACCO'S TRICKS E-cigarette companies target youth with kid-friendly marketing. Researchers at Stanford University concluded that JUUL's marketing launch was "patently youth-oriented" and closely resembled the themes and tactics that the tobacco industry had successfully used for decades. JUUL hired social media influencers to promote JUUL and attend its launch events, amplifying the reach of JUUL's marketing on social media. JUUL's launch included a series of at least 50 highly stylized parties in cities across America. Thousands of young people were given free JUULs, often given out by attractive young girls. E-cigarette companies flood social media with youth-targeted marketing, often using influencers and celebrities and utilizing hashtags to spread their reach. E-cigarettes are easy for kids to get. Retailers are significantly less likely to card underage youth for purchase attempts of e-cigarettes than cigarettes. A California study found that tobacco and vape shops have the highest rates of sales to minors, with 45% selling to underage buyers. Studies have found that youth can succesfully purchase e-cigarettes over the internet in 94-97% of online purchase attempts. E-cigarettes companies have manipulated their products to make them more addictive. JUUL and other e-cigarette companies use "nicotine salts," which allow them to deliver high doses of nicotine with the irritation of other tobacco products. Each JUUL pod can contain as much nicotine as a pack of 20 cigarettes. www.TakeDownTobacco.org BIG TOBACCO'S TRICKS The tobacco industry spends $9.1 billion a year to market cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products in the U.S. -
Juul Factsheet 2
HEALTH PROMOTION & ADVOCACY CENTER Juuls, Vapes, and E-Cigs Everything You Need to Know More than 20% of high school seniors report vaping regularly or occasionally The Risks of Juuling Many of the of the long-term consequences of Juuls, e-cigarettes, People who vape and vapes are unknown. A study at Johns Hopkins found some e- are more than 4x more likely to start cigarettes contain potentially toxic levels of lead, chromium and smoking nickel- in addition to nicotine absorbed at inhalation. cigarettes! Nicotine is a neurotoxin which can permanently alter brain structure in users under the age of 26, and has consequential cardiovascular affects. 1 2 3 59 MG 92% 2.8 MILLION There are over 15,500 completely The concentration of of vaporizer products The number of adults unregulated flavor nicotine per mL in devices contain diacetyl, a 18-24 in the United States options for e- like Juul- far more than in flavoring linked to severe who vape cigarettes/vapes cigarettes respiratory infection Primack, A.B., et al. “Initation of traditional cigarette smoking after electronic cigarette use” American Journal of Medicine (2017) Stanford University, “Tobacco Prevention Toolkit,” (2018) Rule, A.M., et al. “Metal concentrations in e-cigarette liquid and aerosol 1 samples” Environmental Health Perspectives (2018) HEALTH PROMOTION & ADVOCACY CENTER Nicotine In The Body A stimulant, nicotine is an extremely addictive drug which alters the pleasure pathway of the brain. The human brain can develop such a strong dependence on the drug that a user may no longer control their desire or smoking behaviors- especially problematic with subtle and more easily concealed devices such as Juul. -
Vape Shop Hazardous Waste Management Division of Waste and Hazardous Substances, Compliance and Permitting Section
Vape Shop Hazardous Waste Management Division of Waste and Hazardous Substances, Compliance and Permitting Section Nicotine and the Environment “…any drug or dietary supplement for use by humans or other Nicotine is historically associated with traditional animals; any electronic nicotine delivery system (e.g., cigarettes. However, as cigarette smoking has become electronic cigarette or vaping pen); or any liquid nicotine (e- less common, manufacturers have developed alternatives liquid) packaged for retail sale for use in electronic nicotine to traditional smoking. Despite these alternatives, one delivery systems (e.g., pre-filled cartridges or vials). This ingredient typically remains-nicotine. definition includes, but is not limited to, dietary supplements, as defined by the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act; Nicotine is a listed, acute hazardous waste (P075). Wastes prescription drugs, as defined by 21 CFR 203.3(y); over-the- containing nicotine are required to be managed in counter drugs; homeopathic drugs; compounded drugs; accordance with 7 DE Admin. Code §1302, Delaware’s investigational new drugs; pharmaceuticals remaining in non- Regulations Governing Hazardous Waste (DRGHW). As a empty containers; personal protective equipment regulated hazardous waste, nicotine and nicotine- contaminated with pharmaceuticals; and clean-up material containing wastes cannot be disposed in your business’s from spills of pharmaceuticals.” regular trash. Nicotine-containing liquids, including rinse waters, cannot be poured down the drain. DRGHW and As nicotine-containing waste described above is both a additional guidance for managing nicotine and other pharmaceutical and a listed, acute hazardous waste, it is pharmaceutical waste, including the Pharmaceutical categorized as a “hazardous waste pharmaceutical” when Waste Management Guide, can be found at de.gov/dwhs. -
Scheer-Response-1.Pdf
Juul Labs’ Consolidated Response to the Preliminary Opinion of the European Commission and its Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) on electronic cigarettes Juul Labs is committed to working cooperatively with regulators in every market we operate to help adult smokers find alternatives to combustible cigarettes while combating underage use. To further advance the harm reduction potential vapour products have for adult smokers, it is essential that any discussion and decision regarding the vapour category be rooted in science. As part of Juul Labs’ dedication to science and evidenced-based regulation of all tobacco and nicotine- containing products we will periodically submit comments, including scientific evidence, as part of regulatory and policy-making consultations. Recently, the Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) published a preliminary Opinion on electronic cigarettes. Interested parties were invited to submit comments before October 26, 2020. In our efforts to add to the conversation, Juul Labs submitted comments for review. Below is a consolidation of our comments and data submitted for the Committee’s consideration. Due to the nature of the process, our comments were provided in sections of the SCHEER preliminary Opinion. Therefore, we have consolidated all our comments below to provide a comprehensive representation of our arguments and positions. A full review of our comments can be seen here . The language used in our responses below mirrors the language used by SCHEER. This information is for policymakers and regulators and is not for advertising or promotional purposes or intended for a consumer audience. ____________________________________________________________________________ Introduction: Comments regarding EU Mandate, Purpose and Methodology 1. -
Chapter 14. Tobacco Companies.Pdf
Imperial British American LEADING TOBACCO MANUFACTURER CHAPTER Tobacco Tobacco: London, UK By country, 2006 TOBACCO COMPANIES Group: Bristol, UK Imperial Tobacco/ “In the tobacco business, big is beautiful.” SWEDEN FINLAND Altria/Philip Morris None NORWAY Altadis 14 ESTONIA —RONALD WILDMANN, AN ANALYST AT ZURICH’S BANK LEU AG, British American State Monopoly No data ON THE ROTHMANS/BAT MERGER, 1999 UNITED DENMARK LATVIA KINGDOM LITHUANIA Tobacco Location of NETHERLANDS RUSSIAN FED. BELARUS Japan Tobacco Other headquarters of IRELAND POLAND International/Gallaher GERMANY major transnational BELGIUM tobacco companies Philip Morris CZECH REP. UKRAINE SLOVAKIA n recent years, dozens of cigarette manufacturing International: AUSTRIA SWITZ. REP. RUSSIAN HUNGARY MOLDOVA Lausanne, SLOVENIA FEDERATION companies have consolidated under four major private CANADA Switzerland FRANCE CROATIA ROMANIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA corporations: Altria/Philip Morris, British American SERBIA ITALY BULGARIA I Altadis: MONTENEGRO Tobacco, Japan Tobacco International, and Imperial Tobacco. FYR MACEDONIA Madrid, Spain ALBANIA State monopolies are also major cigarette manufacturers. The PORTUGAL SPAIN GREECE KAZAKHSTAN largest state monopoly is China National Tobacco Corporation, with a global cigarette market share that exceeds that of any UZBEKISTAN Altria: Richmond, GEORGIA KYRGYZSTAN private company. Because the European Union intends to AZERBAIJAN DPR UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Virginia, USA TURKEY TURKMENISTAN KOREA ARMENIA JAPAN Japan Tobacco restrict further mergers and acquisitions that increase a tobacco SYRIAN REP. MALTA KOREA International: CYPRUS ARAB CHINA TUNISIA LEBANON REP. IRAQ ISL. REP. Tokyo, Japan company’s market-share dominance, industry consolidation MOROCCO ISRAEL JORDAN OF IRAN trends may have peaked. NEPAL LIBYAN PAKISTAN The tobacco industry includes some of the most powerful ALGERIA ARAB KUWAIT JAMAHIRIYA EGYPT MEXICO UAE transnational corporate entities in the world. -
Vape Shops' in the San Francisco Bay Area
UCSF UC San Francisco Previously Published Works Title A Pilot Study of Retail 'Vape Shops' in the San Francisco Bay Area. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9nv2x6r0 Journal Tobacco prevention & cessation, 2(Suppl) ISSN 2459-3087 Authors Burbank, Andrea D Thrul, Johannes Ling, Pamela M Publication Date 2016 DOI 10.18332/tpc/65229 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Tob Prev Manuscript Author Cessat. Author Manuscript Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 April 06. Published in final edited form as: Tob Prev Cessat. 2016 ; 2(Suppl): . doi:10.18332/tpc/65229. A Pilot Study of Retail ‘Vape Shops’ in the San Francisco Bay Area Andrea D Burbanka,*, Johannes Thrula,*, and Pamela M Linga aUniversity of California, San Francisco, United States Abstract INTRODUCTION—The use of electronic cigarettes or vape devices is increasing, and products are evolving rapidly. This study assessed retail vape shops in the San Francisco Bay Area to describe store characteristics, products offered, advertisements and health claims, as well as employees’ perceptions of their customers’ demographics, and practices to support smoking cessation. METHODS—We conducted store audits of shops that exclusively sell vape devices with physical addresses in San Francisco and Alameda counties (n=23, response rate 72%) and interviewed vape shop owners/employees. RESULTS—While all stores carried second and third generation vape devices, 83% of stores did not carry first generation devices. Employees estimated the majority of their customers bought devices for smoking cessation or to replace tobacco, and a small minority purchased for first-time recreational use. -
Stiff Wind a Real Fear
A3 + PLUS >> DOC won’t tell mom if son is dead or alive, Story below LOCAL wLOCAL Celebrating the Honoring Constitution a soldier See Page 5A See Page 2A TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 2018 | YOUR COMMUNITY NEWSPAPER SINCE 1874 | $1.00 Lake City Reporter LAKECITYREPORTER.COM CITY HALL Second student will face Stiff charges for sexual battery 3A wind a real fear Fifty mph gust could do some damage, says PLAYING structural engineer. POSSUM By CARL MCKINNEY [email protected] — BUT FOR City Hall isn’t falling down, but the right storm will test its luck, an engineer said A GOOD during a Lake City Council workshop Monday. City officials held a public CAUSE conference call with engineer Jason Burkett of Orlando- based firm Tetra Tech, asking Burkett for a break- down of the structural problems he uncovered during an Twin focus of inspection — and how Helfenberger he arrived O’Leno event is at his repair estimate of between $1.4 mil- wildlife, literacy. lion and $3 million. The building probably isn’t going to collapse over- Yet a no-name opossum night on its own, Burkett stole the show Saturday. said, but the next storm with winds approaching or By COREY ARWOOD exceeding roughly 50 miles [email protected] per hour should raise a red no-name opossum visited O’Leno flag. State Park over the weekend to “That would start to get to A teach kids and grown ups alike the point where I would be about North America’s superlative mar- concerned,” Burkett said. supial and how to help wildlife in need of rescue. -
Emerging Issues in Tobacco Control: the Rise of Electronic Products and Implications for Policy, Planning, and Practice
Emerging Issues in Tobacco Control: The Rise of Electronic Products and Implications for Policy, Planning, and Practice B R I A N A. KING, PHD, MPH DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR RESEARCH TRANSLATION OFFICE ON SMOKING AND HEALTH State of Alaska Tobacco Prevention and Control Grantee Training Meeting ● November 14, 2018 1 What Are They? Why Are They 2 Popular? Who’s Using 3 Them? 4 Are They Safe? What Can We 5 Do About it? 1 What Are They? Why Are They 2 Popular? Who’s Using 3 Them? 4 Are They Safe? What Can We 5 Do About it? The Good News: Cigarette Smoking Is Down 40 35 30 25 smoking prevalence smoking 20 15 Cigarette Cigarette 10 5 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Adults 18+ High School Students Source: Adult cigarette smoking prevalence data are from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). High school cigarette smoking prevalence data are from the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The Bad News: The Landscape Is Evolving Cigars, Cigarillos Cigarettes Little Cigars Smokeless Pipes Tobacco Snus Hookah Bidis Dissolvables Kreteks E-cigarettes Heated Tobacco Products E-cigarettes: A Rapidly Diversifying Class The E-cigarette Landscape is Volatile Source: King, BA, Gammon DG, Marynak KL, Rogers T. Electronic Cigarette Sales in the United States, 2013-2017. JAMA October 2018;Volume 320:Number 13. The Rise of JUUL What Are “Heat Not Burn” Products? Contain Tobacco Throat Hit Similar to Cigarettes Pending FDA Pre-Market Approval A scientific advisory committee met to discuss the MRTP application in January 2018.