Journal of Material Cultures in the Muslim World 1 (2020) 67–95 brill.com/mcmw The Islamic Port of al-Balīd (Oman), between Land and Sea: Place of Trade, Exchange, Diversity, and Coexistence Agnese Fusaro ERAAUB Team, University of Barcelona, Spain
[email protected] Abstract The site of al-Balīd (Southern Oman), identified as the ancient Ẓafār, was a major port city in the Islamic period. Its strategic position and its history, strongly interdependent with that of neigh- bouring regions, gave it an important socio-economic role. The abundant ceramics and the rich and diverse archaeological materials recovered at the site prove that al-Balīd has always maintained relationships with people living inland and, at the same time, that it was intensively involved in the Indian Ocean trade. The pottery also reflects the coexistence of different traditions, various social classes, and several communities at al-Balīd. Keywords al-Balīd – Ẓafār – pottery – Islamic period – interregional relationships – Indian Ocean trade – communities’ coexistence 1 Introduction This paper1 presents the results of the recent archaeological project on the site of al-Balīd, with a particular focus on the study of pottery and the insights into the histori- cal, economic and social aspects it offers.2 The Islamic site of al-Balīd is located in the Dhofar region, the southern Governorate of present-day Oman (Fig. 1). It is the largest and most visited archaeological site of Southern Oman, especially after being declared UNESCO World Heritage in 2000. Its fame was even greater in the past, as suggested by the dimensions of the walled site and the richness of the materials found.