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British Columbia Geological Survey Geological Fieldwork 1991

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British Columbia Geological Survey Geological Fieldwork 1991 RARE-EARTH ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY OF SELECTED S.4MPLES FROM THE SULLIVAN Pb-Zn SEDEX DEPOSIT THE ROLE: OF AL1,ANITIE IN MOBILIZING RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS IN THE CHLORITE-RICH FOOTWALL (82Gh2) By Eva S. Schandl, University of Toronto and Michael, P. Gorton, Royal Ontario Museum (Contribution No. 4, SulIivan-Aldfidge project) -I" -I" -.-, KEYWORDS: Economicgeology, Sullivan mine, Metamorphic monazitehas bem reported in the dark grey lithogeochemistry, rare-earth elements. carbonaceous bands of siltite in the Aldridge Formation b) Huebschman (1973). Fine-graincd monazite ' gas descri tjec. as aggregates within the bands. The mode of lccurrencc 01 INTRODUCTION allanite in the chloritized and mineralized fc xwall in thi!; This is a prelimintary reconnaissance survey of rdre-earth study is significantly different : n the cilorit zed footu ;ill, element (REE) geochemistry(supported by major and trace allaniteovergrows or is intin1al:ely intergro vn with pyr.. element geochemistry) of selected rock samples represent- rhotite and galena, and the wide IJleochr83ic h; lo around ).he ing various alteraticmn types at the sediment-hosted Sullivan grains suggests a high uranium content in the nineral (Plate: lead-zinc sedex deposit, British Columbia. 2-5-1). We report the ocl:urrence of very fine grained (<30pm) allanite (REE-rich ,epidote group mineral) in the chlorite- ANALYTICAL TECHRIQUES alteredmineralized footwall, and in the albite-chlorite Rare-earth element geochemistry of select ed rocks ${a:; alterationzone at theSullivan mine. The presence of determined by instrumental n1:1 tron acivatil sn analysi j at allanite (Plate 2-5-1) identified in the mineralized, chlorite- the SLOWPOKE reactor at the University of' bronto. Sam altered footwall and the albite-chlorite altered hangingwall plepreparation and analytical procedures followed the: of the deposit is accompanied by an apparent increase in guidelines setout by Bames md Gorton ( 1984). h4 3jor rare-earth element concentration in the footwall. The close textural relationship between chlorite, allanite, titanite, pyr- rhotite, sphalerite and galena suggests that the crystalliza- tion of this assemblage was more or less contemporaneous. Thus, allanite formation was either contemporaneous with mineralization, or with post-ore alteration that was associ- ated with some rernobilization of the ore.The selective crystallization of the REE-rich epidote in the mineralized chlorite(ibiotite) alteration zones implies one of two things: a rare-earth element gradient was superimposed on the rocks duringalteration and mineralization, or less likely, the present rare-earth element concentration predated min- eralization, andallanite may have formed after thelight REE-rich phosphate, "metamorphic monazite", that report- edly occurs in the carbonaceous sediments of the Lower AldridgeFormation. In eithercase, as the abundance of allanite is accompaniedby elevated rare-earth element values or significant rare-earth element fluctuation, combin- ingdetailed petrography with rare-earth element geo- chemistrycould se:rve as apotential tool for identifying target areas that ho,,t mineralization. Allanite has been pre- viouslyidentified in thetourmalinitized footwall of the western part of theSullivan ore zone by Campbell and Ethier (1984). in a biotite and garnet alteration zone within quartzite at North Star Hill by Delaney (1975).and in the granophyric part csf thePurcell (Moyie) sills by Bishop (1974). Allanite grains in this study can be identified by their wide pleochroic halo which is the result of radiation damage to the host mineral by the decay of uranium (Plate 2-51), Because of the pleochroic halo around the grains, Plate 2-5-1. Allanite with plerlchroic halo, i 1 chlorite they may be mistaken for zircon. Field 2.3 mm. Plane polarized ligh . Geological Fieldwork 1991, Paper 1992-1 2 73 TABLE 2-5-1 PETROGRAPHIC SUMMARY OF ANALYSED SAMPLES FROM AND AROUND THE SULLIVAN DEPOSIT # and Lw. Rock Type Mineral Assemblage Description s-I Pebble congl. qtr-carb-bio-ep-murc- Garnrtixd, fine-gr. siltstone G~13-30 (argillite) gnt-po-sph-cp S~2 Moyir sill amph-plag-m-mag-ilm- Epidutewmph. altered. cuarre gr. G~13-30 gabbro rp-qtz-carh-p-cp gahhro s-3 tourn. breccia qtl-toum-musc-biu-ru- Fine-gr. siltstme repl. by G-13-30 mag-po toumalinc s-4 chlorite rack Chlorilized, carhonati,ed sdtrtmc' P-10-4 CTOSSCUtS ore S-5 chlorite rock^ Med.-gr. chlorltixd, loliatcd K-I0-3(1 footwall utanite-rich siltstonelwacke S-6 chlorite rock^ Med.-gr., foliated chloritixd footwall titanite-rich siltstonriwacke TABLE 2-5-2 MAJOR, TRACE AND REE GEOCHEMISTRY OF SELECTED ROCKS FROM THE SULLIVAN MINE AND ITS AREA # SI sz s3 s4 S6 S8 SI0 SI1 S14e SI40 sio; 61.7 51.466. I 311.5 26.2 59.8 68.I 65.9 50.5 62.0 TiO, 1.15 0.20 0.55 0.63 0.80 0.72 0.65 0.58 0.72 0.44 5.22 13.0 11.3 15.0 17.8 17.8 16.5 13.0 14.6 13.8 3.68 13.4 12.7 20.4 20.2 4.67 3.25 7.30 10.3 5.75 1.00 0.32 0.02 I .ox 0.72 0.07 0.04 0.16 0.15 0.09 1.63 6.01 1.76 17.4 18.4 2.68 I .20 I .34 8.36 3.99 13.4 8.52 0.21 2.45 0.60 0.68 0.19 0.06 10.0 7.88 0.06 I .34 0.72 0.02 0.03 9.24 1.01 0.07 1.59 3.09 1.3Y 0.49 0.08 I .49 0.02 0.10 4.88 4.51 0.45 0.52 0.09 0.1 I 0.1 I 0.I I 0.08 0.09 0.13 0.08 0.07 0.M 9.5J 2.31 2.93 8.23 10.05 2.70 2.62 6.23 2.70 1.77 98.0 98.1 96.6 97.4 95.4 98.7 98.8 99.4 99.5 99.5 19 106 41 50 78 62 47 42 276 72 6 37 21 2 0 3 7 13 37 22 3 44 8 10 16 16 13 10 38 20 174 91 328 343 362 338 266 350 50 243 0.50 0 I .40 1.10 I .40 I .so 0.30 1.80 0.20 0.20 I .8 0.8 2.2 1.1 I .7 I .5 I .7 2.7 I .3 2.7 72 14 I 90 3 7 I 70 155 18 I2 100 44 10 60 0 35 820 600 I MI I15 4.40 I ,912 10.90 11.40 17.70 15.40 13.00 11.00 I.50 7.30 1.10 0.33 2.90 3.20 4.50 4.10 3.60 3.00 0.10 1.30 23.00 8.10 22.40 10.20 67.70 17.90 36.20 62.40 5.60 19.70 51 .KO 20.60 50.40 21.90 147.10 45.30 76.40 143.60 11.00 ?6.10 20.90 9.40 20.80 10.00 57.70 24.10 27.M 53.WJ 5.40 I9 70 5.15 3.22 5.00 2.80 12.80 9.00 6.30 11.90 1.84 5.47 0.82 I .08 1.12 0.99 3.85 I .3n 11.84 2.48 0.55 0.99 0.94 0.83 0.83 0.48 1.68 1.30 0.87 1.10 0.36 I .MI 3.00 2.30~~ 3.50~ ~~ 2.50 4.65 3.94 4.10 1.55 1.45 L" 0.44 0.54 0.39 11.. 44. 1.000.62 0.60 0.74 -0.24 0.58 -Total re expressed a Fe,O,. g=gabbro, p=scdimcnl c/o1 in gabbro 2 74 Columhiu British Geological Surwy Brunch elementanalysis was obtained on fused disks by x-ray fluorescence (X-RayAssay Laboratory, Toronto). The rocks analyzed were collected during a visit to the mine in the fall of IYYO. Samples were selected from alteration types that would most likely contain dateable hydrothermal accessory minerals such as rutile and titanite (Hamilton et a/., 1982; Leitch, 1991). Detailedpetrographic study preceded anal- ysis in order to determine the mineralogy and the textural relationships between alteration assemblages. Allanite was identified by electron microprobe. A summary of mineral- ogy, textureand the sample locations is given in Table 2-5- I, whole-rock g~x~chemistryin Table 2-5-2 and micro- probe analysis of selectedallanite grains in Table 2-5-3. REE GEOCHEMISTRY OF ALTERED la Ce S" E"-.-i_- it) "- Ib L" ROCKS Figure 2-5-1. Rare-earth elemtmt pattern of ga jbros from Various rock types were selected for analysis in order to the Moyit: !:ills. identify alteration type(s) associated with REE mobility and subsequently with the abundance of allanite. The samples included gabbro from the Moyie sills in the mine, pebble conglomerate in thc footwall of thelaminated ore, tour- malinized breccia, albitized sediment and chloritized sedi- ment from the footv?all. In addition. gabbro with a 'grano- phyric' inclusion was collected from the Lumberton sill at Moyie Lake, south rlf Cranbrook as well as Lower Aldridge siltstone from North Star Hill immediatelysouth of the deposit,and siltstone from the lowerMiddle Aldridge markerunit (Hiawtha marker). The rare-earth element composition of the ;analyzed rocks is discussed below. The two samples of Moyie sill gabbro have a flat rare- earthelement pattern typical of rocks of tholeiiticbasalt composition and it is in agreement with the tholeiitic basalt composition determined by trace and major element chem- I i istry formust Moyiesills in southem British Columbia l (Hoy, 1989; Figurc.
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