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Download PDF As One Large File A GENERAL REVISION OF THE PALAEMONIDAE (CRUSTACEA DECAPODA NATANTIA) OF THE AMERICAS. I. THE SUBFAMILIES EURYRHYNCHINAE AND PONTONIINAE (PLATES 1-63) By LIPKE B. HOLTHUIS ERRATA FOR PART I A GENERAL REVISION OF THE PALAEMONIDAE (CRUSTACEA DECAPODA NATANTIA) OF THE AMERICAS. I. THE SUBFAMILIES EURYRHYNCHINAE AND PONTONIINAE OCCASIONAL PAPER NO. 11 p. 130, line 11 from bottom: for Guerin, 1857, Sagra's Historia Cuba read: Guerin, 1857, Sagra's Historie Cuba p. 180, footnote 9: for vid. footnote 6 on p. 142 read: vid. footnote 7 on p. 179 p. 240, line 2 from bottom: for Lebour, new species read: Lebour pp. 311 and 315; pis. 55 and 57 have been interchanged. The plates in­ serted as n. 55 is n. 57, and vice versa. ALLAN HANCOCK FOUNDATION PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA OCCASIONAL PAPER NUMBER 11 ISSUED JULY 30, 1951 THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA A GENERAL REVISION OF THE PALAEMONIDAE (CRUSTACEA DECAPODA NATANTIA) OF THE AMERICAS. I. THE SUBFAMILIES EURYRHYNCHINAE AND PONTONIINAE By LIPKE B. HOLTHUIS Research Associate Allan Hancock Foundation INTRODUCTION Heretofore our knowledge of the American Palaemonidae was so confused, and the descriptions of and remarks on the several species scattered over such a large number of more or less important papers, that it was very difficult to get a correct idea of the size, the status, and the distribution of the various species. When beginning the study of the Palaemonid material collected by the Allan Hancock Expeditions during the years 1931-1941, it at first was the intention to restrict this study to the West-American forms. This, however, soon proved to be very inconvenient. In the first place, the material, though for the far greater part collected along the Pacific shores of America, contained several items, collected during the 1939 Expedition in the Caribbean Sea, which were too important to remain unpublished, but not important enough to justify separate publication. Secondly, the study of the West-American material (especially of the species of the genus Macrobrachium) proved to be impossible without a thorough knowledge of the East-American species. The study of the latter, however, brought so many new factors to light, that it was thought desirable to give a revision of all the American representatives of the present family. The present paper therefore contains a complete list of all known American Palaemonidae, with keys to all genera and species, giving the full synonymy and the distribution of each species. Furthermore a description and figures of each species, if possible, are given. It is hoped to contribute in this way to a better understanding of one of the most important groups of Caridea. This report is based in the first place on the extensive and well preserved collections made by the Allan Hancock Expeditions during the years 1931-1938, 1940, 1941 along the Pacific American coast from California to Peru, the Galapagos Islands and that of 1939 to the [l] 2 ALLAN HANCOCK FOUNDATION OCCASIONAL PAPERS Caribbean Sea. Also the extensive American material of the United States National Museum at Washington, D.C., was studied, just like the material present in the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden, Holland, and the Zoological Museum at Amsterdam, Hol­ land. Furthermore, specimens of this group, among which several types, in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia, Pa. and the American Museum of Natural History at New York and the Istituto e Museo di Zoologia della Universita. at Turin, Italy were examined. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The present study was made possible by the Allan Hancock Founda­ tion, who gave me the opportunity to study their material in the U. S. National Museum at Washington, D.C. during a year. I should like to express here my deepest gratitude to Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt, head curator of the Zoology Department of the U. S. National Museum, for his kindness and interest shown on every occasion and for the troubles he took in making it possible for me to visit the United States and study the above mentioned material. At the same time I tender my best thanks to Prof. Dr. H. Boschma, director of the Rijksmuseum van Natuur­ lijke Historie, Leiden, Holland, without whose recommendations and help I never should have been able to spend this year in the United States. Furthermore I am much indebted to the directors of the above mentioned Museums for placing their material at my disposal, which certainly has been a great help for the preparation of this report. I also am very grateful to Dr. Fenner A. Chace, curator of Marine Inverte­ brates at the U. S. National Museum, Dr. John C. Armstrong, assistant curator of Invertebrates of the American Museum of Natural History, and Mr. J. Parker of the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia, for their kind assistance during my visits to their Museums. Type material of Palaemonid species was sent on my request by the Carnegie Museum at Pittsburgh, Pa. and the Museum of Zoology of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Mich., for which I am much indebted to the directors. I am also indebted to Dr. Teresita Paulucci Maccagno of the Istituto e Museo di Zoologia della Uni­ versita at Turin. Mr. Joel W. Hedgpeth provided me with material and data on the distribution and literature of various forms, for which I wish to tender him my best thanks. NO. 11 HOLTHUIS : PALAEMONIDAE OF AMERICAS, PART I 3 For reasons of convenience the present paper deals only with the subfamilies Euryrhynchinae and Pontoniinae, while the subfamily Pa- laemoninae will be dealt with in a separate paper. A bibliography will be given at the end of the second paper. Family Palaemonidae The family Palaemonidae may be divided into four subfamilies, three of which occur in American waters. The fourth subfamily Typhlo- caridinae is only known from subterranean waters of the Mediterranean region. The three subfamilies, which have representatives in America may be distinguished as follows: 1. Upper antennular flagellum with the two rami free throughout their length. Second pleopods of males without appendix mascu- lina. Appendix interna absent from second pleopod in females. No pleurobranch on third maxilliped. Euryrhynchinae l1. Upper antennular flagellum with the two rami fused in their basal part. Appendix masculina generally present on second pleopod of male. Appendix interna on second pleopod of female 2 2. Pleurobranch absent from third maxilliped. Posterior margin of telson with three pairs of spines (in Anchistioides 1 or 2 pairs only are present there) Pontoniinae 21. Pleurobranch present on third maxilliped. Posterior margin of telson with two pairs of spines and one or more pairs of setae Palaemoninae Subfamily Euryrhynchinae This subfamily has been erected for the genus Euryrhynchus which formerly was placed in the subfamily Palaemoninae. Examination of specimens of Euryrhynchus wrzesniowskii namely showed that it could not be maintained in the latter subfamily. The main differences with the Palaemoninae are the absence of pleurobranchs from the bases of the third maxillipeds, the shape of the antennulae and that of the pleopods and uropods. The Euryrhynchinae are most closely related to the subfamily Typhlocaridinae, with which they have the shape of the rostrum, of the telson, of the eyes and the mouthparts in common, while also the branchial formula of the two subfamilies is the same. The Typhlocaridinae, may be recognized from the Euryrhynchinae, and from the two other subfamilies as well, by the presence of a longi- 4 ALLAN HANCOCK FOUNDATION OCCASIONAL PAPERS tudinal suture on the carapace extending from the antennal region of the anterior margin of the carapace backwards over the whole length of the carapace. The subfamily Euryrhynchinae is distinguished from all other subfamilies of the Palaemonidae by having the two rami of the upper antennular flagellum free throughout their length and by the features of the pleopods mentioned in the key. It contains only one genus: Genus EURYRHYNCHUS Miers, 1877 Definition: The rostrum is short, depressed and toothless. The carapace is smooth, provided with an antennal spine only. The antero­ lateral angle of the carapace is produced. The abdomen is smooth. The dorsal surface of the telson possesses two pairs of spinules. The posterior margin of the telson is broad and rounded, it bears two pairs of spinules and numerous hairs. The eyes are reduced in size, but provided with pigment. The antennulae have the stylocerite short and blunt, the antero­ lateral angle of the basal segment is strongly produced. The upper antennular flagellum has the shorter ramus entirely free from the longer. The mandible bears no palp. All maxillipeds are provided with exopods. The second maxilliped bears a podobranch, the third maxilliped an arthrobranch. All pereiopods are provided with pleurobranchs. The first legs are slender. The second pair is strong and unequal in strength. The last three legs are slender. The dactylus is biunguiculate. The propodus is provided with posterior spinules. The propodus of the fifth leg has transverse rows of hairs in the distal part of the posterior margin. The second pleopods of the male have no appendix masculina, while small appendices internae are present on the second to fifth pleopods. In the female, appendices internae are present only on the third to fifth pleopods. The exopod of the uropod is provided with a row of spinules running inwards from the end of the straight outer margin. The peduncle of the uropod bears a blunt process, which reaches over the bases of the exo- and endopod. Type: Euryrhynchus wrzesniowskii Miers. The genus is only known from fresh water of northern South Amer­ ica. It contains two species: 1. Rostrum not reaching beyond eyes.
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