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Apa 1035.Qxd AMEGHINIANA (Rev. Asoc. Paleontol. Argent.) - 41 (3): 437-450. Buenos Aires, 30-09-2004 ISSN 0002-7014 Roedores sigmodontinos (Mammalia: Rodentia: Cricetidae) y otros micromamíferos como indicadores de ambientes hacia el Ensenadense cuspidal en el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) Ulyses F. J. PARDIÑAS1 Abstract. SIGMODONTINE RODENTS (MAMMALIA: RODENTIA: CRICETIDAE) AND OTHER MICROMAMMALS AS PALE- OENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS DURING UPPERMOST ENSENADAN IN SOUTHEASTERN BUENOS AIRES PROVINCE (AR- GENTINA). A rich micromammal assemblage from Middle -Upper Pleistocene deposits in a coastal cliff lo- cality here named Complejo Ferroviario (37º 48’ 57” S, 57º 28’ 32” W, Mar Chiquita county, Buenos Aires Province) is described. Magnetostratigraphical data from a profile near the fossiliferous locality indicate that the studied assemblage is younger than the Brunhes-Matuyama boundary (0.78 Ma). The sample is largely dominated by sigmodontine rodents (Sigmodontinae: Cricetidae), including Akodon sp., Calomys cf. C. laucha-C. musculinus, Holochilus cf. H. brasiliensis (Desmarest), and Reithrodon auritus (Fischer). Few remains of caviomorph rodents (Ctenomys sp., Clyomys sp., Dolichotis sp., Galea sp., and Microcavia sp.) and marmosine marsupials (Lestodelphys sp.) are also present. The remains are mainly found in discrete subel- liptical structures attributable to fossil owl pellets. Several evidences suggest that the recorded taxa were preyed in a single event and inhabited at the same location during the assemblage formation. All taxa, ex- cept two (Clyomys sp. and Lestodelphys sp.), are currently sympatric in an area of about five degrees west of the fossiliferous locality. The estimated annual mean precipitation for deposition times is 200 mm low- er than present one. The “disharmonic” presence of Clyomys, a fossorial echymyid from subtropical low- lands, is explained as a relict in a matrix of arid-semiarid taxa. Resumen. Se describe una rica asociación de micromamíferos proveniente de niveles del Pleistoceno Medio-Superior de una localidad costera aquí denominada Complejo Ferroviario (37º 48’ 57” S, 57º 28’ 32” O, partido de Mar Chiquita, provincia de Buenos Aires). La información magnetoestratigráfica disponible para un perfil cercano a la localidad estudiada indica que el agregado tiene un edad algo más joven que el límite Brunhes-Matuyama (0,78 Ma). La muestra está mayormente dominada por roedores Sigmodontinae (Cricetidae), incluyendo Akodon sp., Calomys cf. C. laucha-C. musculinus, Holochilus cf. H. brasiliensis (Desmarest) y Reithrodon auritus (Fischer). Unos pocos restos adicionales corresponden a roe- dores caviomorfos (Ctenomys sp., Clyomys sp., Dolichotis sp., Galea sp., and Microcavia sp.) y marsupiales marmosinos (Lestodelphys sp.). Los fósiles se presentan en estructuras subelípticas discretas referibles a egagrópilas de aves rapaces. Varias evidencias sugieren que los taxones registrados fueron depredados en un mismo evento y que habitaban localmente durante la formación del depósito. Todos los micromamí- feros registrados excepto dos, Clyomys sp. y Lestodelphys sp., tienen un área de simpatría aproximada- mente cinco grados hacia el oeste de la localidad fosilífera. Esto permite inferir una precipitación media anual aproximadamente 200 mm menor que la actual en el área durante la depositación de las egagrópi- las. La presencia “disarmónica” de Clyomys, un equímido fosorial propio de tierras bajas tropicales, es ex- plicada como un taxón relictual en una matriz de elementos áridos-semiáridos. Key words. Middle-Upper Pleistocene. Marmosinae. Sigmodontinae. Fossil owl pellets. Taphonomy. Palabras clave. Pleistoceno Medio-Superior. Marmosinae. Sigmodontinae. Egagrópilas fósiles. Tafonomía. Introducción ramar (i. e., el tramo sur). Con alturas entre los 5 y 15 metros, sucesiones estratigráficas continuas y un fácil Los acantilados marinos que se extienden al norte acceso, brindan desde principios de siglo abundantes de Mar del Plata (partidos de General Pueyrredón y fósiles. Sin embargo, el limitado interés que han des- Mar Chiquita, en el sudeste de la provincia de pertado entre los paleontólogos marca un destacable Buenos Aires) son comparables en magnitud a las cé- contraste con sus pares sureños. A casi 100 años de lebres barrancas ubicadas entre dicha localidad y Mi- que Florentino Ameghino los recorriera por primera vez (Ameghino, 1908) son escasas las contribuciones que se han generado sobre las entidades litoestrati- 1Área Geología y Paleontología, Centro Nacional Patagónico, Casilla de Correo 128, 9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. gráficas expuestas, la fauna contenida y su significa- [email protected] ción paleoambiental (e.g., Schnack et al., 1982; Fasano ©Asociación Paleontológica Argentina AMGHB2-0002-7014/04$00.00+.50 438 U.F.J. Pardiñas et al., 1984; Vucetich et al., 1997; Bidegain et al., 1998; deja de ser una tarea ardua. Vucetich et al. (1997: 209) Tonni et al., 1998; Pardiñas et al., 1998; Alberdi et al., describieron superficialmente el perfil de la localidad 2001; Cione et al., 2002; Verzi et al., 2002). de estudio indicando que los fósiles fueron extraidos Los restos fósiles de roedores sigmodontinos y “from the bottom of the sequence, in moderate brown when otros micromamíferos (pequeños didélfidos, quiróp- wet, sandy-clayey stits...” y propusieron una probable teros, etc.) son generalmente escasos en los sedimen- correspondencia con la Formación San Andrés. tos plio-pleistocénicos de la región pampeana. El em- En este trabajo se sigue el criterio clásico (Kra- pleo de técnicas especiales, como el lavado y tamiza- glievich, 1952) al considerar que parte de la exposi- do de sedimento o la prospección paleontológica de ción al norte de Mar del Plata está constituida, por lo detalle por microsectores, ha permitido aumentar la menos en su sección inferior, por la Formación Mira- frecuencia de hallazgos (Pardiñas, 1995). Además, a mar (véase también Bidegain et al., 2003). Especí- partir del Pleistoceno Medio se registran acumulacio- ficamente, en Complejo Ferroviario, los sedimentos nes óseas generadas, a juzgar por las características referibles a la “Formación” Miramar que forman res- tafonómicas de los agregados, por la acción depreda- tingas y la base del acantilado en el nivel intermareal dora de aves rapaces (Pardiñas, 1999a). Estos conjun- (figura 1.B, unidad A)- son limos loessoides de color tos muchas veces están conformados por decenas o castaño-chocolate, homogéneos y muy duros, con cientos de restos y permiten plantear hipótesis pale- abundantes concreciones y bancos de carbonato de oambientales más robustas. calcio, cuspidados por un banco arenoso masivo de El objetivo de este trabajo es describir los aspectos extensión regional (unidad B; E. Tonni, com. pers.). taxonómicos, tafonómicos y la significación paleoam- La unidad C, más friable, arcillosa y superficialmen- biental de una asociación de micromamíferos exhu- te cuarteada, es portadora de la concentración de mi- mada en sedimentos del Pleistoceno Medio-Superior, cromamíferos estudiada y se presenta como un pale- en los acantilados al norte de Mar del Plata. Este orelleno encajado en la unidad A. La dispersión hori- agregado es comparado con otros aproximadamente zontal de los restos fósiles alcanza cuatro metros, coevos registrados en el área, discutiéndose crítica- mientras que la vertical no excede los 0,3 m. Cuspi- mente algunas propuestas recientes sobre el ingreso dalmente, en la unidad C se han recuperado fósiles pleistocénico de elementos faunísticos subtropicales de Eutatus seguini Gervais, Mesotherium cristatum Se- en la región pampeana. rrés, Neuryurus sp. y Sclerocalyptus ornatus (Owen); todos estos taxones están presentes en el Piso/Edad Características del área de estudio Ensenadense (Cione y Tonni, 1999; Plioceno Supe- rior-Pleistoceno Superior). El techo de las unidades B La localidad portadora del material estudiado se y C aparece tallado por una paleosuperficie con evi- denomina Complejo Ferroviario (37º 48’ 57” S, 57º 28’ dencias de bioturbación y fragmentos de “rocas de 32” O, partido de Mar Chiquita, provincia de Buenos playa” y moluscos marinos (Glycymeris sp.). Este ni- Aires; figura 1.A) y corresponde a un sector de acan- vel ha sido interpretado como representativo del “Pi- tilados del litoral atlántico bonaerense. Dista aproxi- so Belgranense” (Cione et al., 2002). La unidad D, madamente un kilómetro en dirección sur-sudoeste compuesta por limos arenosos masivos castaño ama- desde Santa Clara del Mar. Complejo Ferroviario fue rillentos con paleocuevas y laminados, probablemen- previamente mencionado como “Southwest of Santa te corresponde a la denominada Formación Santa Elena stream” por Vucetich et al. (1997: 209). El paisa- Clara (sensu Schnack et al., 1982), de edad Pleistoceno je regional, hoy en día modificado por la acción an- sensu lato (y seguramente transgresiva al Holoceno). trópica (urbanización, extracción de arena, etc.), es A esta unidad posiblemente se refiera Kraglievich un típico ambiente de la cadena de médanos costeros (1959: 7) cuando señala que “en la zona de Santa parcialmente edafizados. Soporta una vegetación ha- Elena-Santa Clara del Mar...[se presenta] un comple- lófila -en parte exótica- y la fauna de mamíferos se in- jo de tobas loessoides pardas, con algunas valvas de cluye en el Dominio Pampásico de la Subregión Gua- moluscos, y algo de detrito conchil parcialmente di- yano-Brasileña (sensu Ringuelet, 1961). seminados, que pasan lateralmente a depósitos
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