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New Data on African Cheloninae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) Show a Strong Biogeographic Signal for Taxa with Spined Propodea

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New Data on African Cheloninae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) Show a Strong Biogeographic Signal for Taxa with Spined Propodea Zootaxa 3385: 1–32 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) New data on African Cheloninae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) show a strong biogeographic signal for taxa with spined propodea YVES BRAET1,4, PASCAL ROUSSE2 & MICHAEL SHARKEY3 1 Unité d'Entomologie fonctionnelle et évolutive, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, B-1030 Gembloux, Belgique.; Dépar- tement d’entomologie, IRSNB, Rue Vautier 29, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgique. E-mail: [email protected] 2 UMR 53 PCBMT "Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical", Cirad Réunion, Pôle de Protection des Plantes, 7 chemin de l'IRAT, 97410 St Pierre, France. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Michael Sharkey, Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40546-0091, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Corresponding author Abstract Eight species of Cheloninae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) are newly described: Ascogaster kibalensis Braet sp. nov., Chelonus (Chelonus) mayi Braet & Rousse sp. nov., Chelonus (Microchelonus) madagasakarensis Braet & Rousse sp. nov., Chelonus (Microchelonus) matilei Braet & Rousse sp. nov. Chelonus (Microchelonus) merdicus Rousse & Braet sp. nov., Odontospha- eropyx gracilis Braet sp. nov., O. leucocoxus Braet sp. nov., and Phanerotomella erena Braet sp. nov. They are all from the Malagasy subregion and several of them share the presence of spine-like apophyses on the propodeum. This character is cate- gorized for future phylogenetic use. The genus Pachychelonus Brues, 1924 is recognized as junior synonym of the genus Odon- tosphaeropyx Cameron, 1910. Three new combinations are proposed Odontosphaeropyx maximus (Zettel, 2002) comb. nov., O. fulviventris (Brues, 1924) comb. nov. and O. flavifasciatus (Zettel, 1990a) comb. nov. for Pachychelonus maximus Zettel, 2002, P. fulviventris Brues, 1924 and P. flavifasciatus Zettel, 1990a, respectively. Updated keys of species Phanerotomella and Odon- tosphaeropyx are provided. New distribution data about Cheloninae from Africa are also given. Key words: Description; new combinations; keys; spine-like; apophysis; Madagascar; Indian Ocean. Résumé Huit nouvelles espèces de Cheloninae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) sont ici décrites: Ascogaster kibalensis Braet sp. nov., Che- lonus (Chelonus) mayi Braet & Rousse sp. nov., Chelonus (Microchelonus) madagasakarensis Braet & Rousse sp. nov., Chelo- nus (Microchelonus) matilei Braet & Rousse sp. nov., Chelonus (Microchelonus) merdicus Rousse & Braet sp. nov., Odontosphaeropyx gracilis Braet sp. nov., O. leucocoxus Braet sp. nov., et Phanerotomella erena Braet sp. nov. Elles sont toutes présentes dans la sous-région malgache et plusieurs d’entre-elles partagent la présence de longues apophyses ressemblants à des épines sur le propodeum. Ce caractère est défini ici pour un futur usage en analyses cladistiques. Le genre Pachychelonus Brues, 1924 est reconu comme synonyme junior du genre Odontosphaeropyx Cameron, 1910. Trois nouvelles combinaisons sont pro- posées: Odontosphaeropyx maximus (Zettel, 2002) comb. nov., O. fulviventris (Brues, 1924) comb. nov. et O. flavifasciatus (Zettel, 1990a) comb. nov. pour, respectivement, Pachychelonus maximus Zettel, 2002, P. fulviventris Brues, 1924 et P. flavi- fasciatus Zettel, 1990a. Des clés d’identification des espèces de Phanerotomella et de Odontosphaeropyx sont fournies et mises à jour. De nouvelles données de répartition sur les Cheloninae africains sont également apportées. Introduction The cosmopolitan subfamily Cheloninae Förster 1862 sensu stricto contains more than 1500 valid taxa (Yu et al. 2005). However, this number is constantly increasing. Cheloninae are characterized by the presence of a complete postpectal carina in front of the mid coxae, combined with the fusion of the three first metasomal tergites into a car- apace, more or less covering the following tergites (van Achterberg 1993). The fore wing has three submarginal cells, though the first cell is sometimes fused with the first discal cell (Walker & Huddleston 1987). Accepted by J.T. Jennings: 22 May 2012; published: 11 Jul. 2012 1 The taxonomy of Cheloninae has been extensively reviewed by Zettel (1990a) who recognized four tribes and 14 genera. No major changes have occurred since, except for the description of a new genus, i.e., Siniphaneroto- mella He, Chen et van Achterberg, 1994 and four new subgenera, i.e., Chelonus (Areselonus) Braet, 1999; C. (Bac- ulonus) Braet et van Achterberg, 2001; C. (Carinichelonus) Tobias, 2000 and C. (Scabrichelonus) He, Chen et van Achterberg, 1997. Recent phylogenetic analyses show that the subfamily is part of the microgastroid lineage (Achterberg, 1984; Quicke & van Achterberg, 1990; Shi et al. 2005; Murphy et al. 2008). Some genera (e.g. Che- lonus Panzer, 1806 and Ascogaster Wesmael, 1835) are widespread and diverse in temperate and tropical areas. Conversely, others are known from only few specimens, and/or are confined to limited areas, e.g., Fischeriella Zettel, 1990a; Pachychelonus Brues, 1924 and Pseudophanerotoma Zettel, 1990a. All chelonine wasps are solitary egg-larval koinobiont endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera that are concealed in their larval stage. Their hosts belong to various families such as Noctuidae, Geometridae, Tortricidae, Pyralidae, and Gelechiidae (van Achterberg 1990, Shaw & Huddleston 1991). The present study covers several genera from Africa, including Madagascar. Presently, three tribes, six genera and one subgenus are reported in this region with 120 known species (Yu et al. 2005). The discriminating charac- ters between the two main tribes are listed in Table 1. The Chelonini Förster, 1862 parasitize more than 40 families of Lepidoptera. The genera Ascogaster Wesmael, 1835 and Chelonus Panzer, 1806 occur in Madagascar and main- land Africa. Members of Phanerotomini Baker, 1926 are mostly parasitoids of Pyralidae. Host specialization on Pyralidae, as noted by van Achterberg (1990), may be an apomorphic character of this tribe because parasitization of Pyralidae occurs only exceptionally amongst species of Chelonus (Jones 1985). Two genera are widespread in Africa, i.e., Phanerotoma Wesmael, 1838 and Phanerotomella Szépligeti, 1900. The tribe Odontosphaeropygini Zettel, 1990a was erected for two Ethiopian genera (Odontosphaeropyx Cameron, 1909 and Pachychelonus Brues, 1924). This small tribe is poorly known because no biological data have been recorded and very few specimens are housed in museum collections. It is easily recognized by the presence of a large medio-apical tooth on the clypeus, two transverse sutures on the metasoma (sometimes weakly impressed) and vein 1-R1 of the fore wing short (Zettel 1990a). The two genera were separated by the presence of pectinate tarsal claws and complete occipital carina in Pachychelonus in comparison with claws basally smooth and occipital carina missing dorsally in Odontospaheropyx. TABLE 1. Diagnostic characters for the two main tribes of African Cheloninae (after van Achterberg 1990, Zettel 1990a, Yu et al. 2005) Characters Chelonini Phanerotomini Occipital carina Separated from hypostomal carina. Joining hypostomal carina. Eye Setose Glabrous Lateral carina of mesoscutum Lamelliform, protruding next axillae Weak, not lamelliform nor protruding Epicnemial carina Not reaching beyond ventral 1/3 of pronotal Reaching half height of pronotal sides, excep- sides tionally reduced Transverse sutures of meta- Usually absent Nearly always two sutures present soma Color of metasoma Usually black Usually mostly yellowish though entirely black in numerous Phanerotomella spp. Host families 40 lepidopteran families, mainly Coleophori- Mainly Pyralidae, also Olethreutidae, Carposini- dae, Gelechidae, Noctuidae, Pyralidae, Tor- dae, Gelechiidae, Oecophoridae, and Coleo- tricidae and Yponomeutidae. phoridae. Though the taxonomy of Ethiopian Cheloninae has been partially treated by several authors (e.g. de Saeger 1942, 1948; Granger 1949; Sigwalt 1977, 1978; Zettel 1989, 1990a, 1990b), the genera Chelonus, Ascogaster and Phanerotomella are in need of a comprehensive revision and further phylogenetic analyses, including all regional fauna, to clarify some important taxonomic points as stated by Sigwalt (1978) and Zettel (1991, 1992a, 1992b). For example, the genus Microchelonus Szépligeti, 1908 was separated from the genus Chelonus several times (Zettel 1990a, Papp 1995) or include inside as subgenus (van Achterberg & Polaszek 1996). The argument for this separa- tion is based on the presence of an apical aperture on the metasoma in males and the number of flagellomeres fixed at 16 in females. However the two characters are not completely correlated, therefore we follow van Achterberg and Polaszek (1996), and Microchelonus is thus considered as a subgenus to avoid potential paraphyly of Chelonus. 2 · Zootaxa 3385 © 2012 Magnolia Press BRAET ET AL. One of the major impediments for a comprehensive systematic study is the lack of diversified characters, espe- cially for Chelonus. An obvious, but unexploited character, is the presence of two to four apophyses on the trans- verse propodeal carina. The shape of these apophyses ranges from simple blunt angles to long and fine spines. We describe here several species of Cheloninae exhibiting spined propodea. These species cover the full range of vari- ation for this character and may therefore serve as examples for future taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. Updated keys are provided together with new
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