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Innovative Approaches to Melodic Elaboration in Contemporary Tabuh Kreasibaru
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO MELODIC ELABORATION IN CONTEMPORARY TABUH KREASIBARU by PETER MICHAEL STEELE B.A., Pitzer College, 2003 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Music) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA August 2007 © Peter Michael Steele, 2007 ABSTRACT The following thesis has two goals. The first is to present a comparison of recent theories of Balinese music, specifically with regard to techniques of melodic elaboration. By comparing the work of Wayan Rai, Made Bandem, Wayne Vitale, and Michael Tenzer, I will investigate how various scholars choose to conceptualize melodic elaboration in modern genres of Balinese gamelan. The second goal is to illustrate the varying degrees to which contemporary composers in the form known as Tabuh Kreasi are expanding this musical vocabulary. In particular I will examine their innovative approaches to melodic elaboration. Analysis of several examples will illustrate how some composers utilize and distort standard compositional techniques in an effort to challenge listeners' expectations while still adhering to indigenous concepts of balance and flow. The discussion is preceded by a critical reevaluation of the function and application of the western musicological terms polyphony and heterophony. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ii Table of Contents : iii List of Tables .... '. iv List of Figures ' v Acknowledgements vi CHAPTER 1 Introduction and Methodology • • • • • :•-1 Background : 1 Analysis: Some Recent Thoughts 4 CHAPTER 2 Many or just Different?: A Lesson in Categorical Cacophony 11 Polyphony Now and Then 12 Heterophony... what is it, exactly? 17 CHAPTER 3 Historical and Theoretical Contexts 20 Introduction 20 Melodic Elaboration in History, Theory and Process ..' 22 Abstraction and Elaboration 32 Elaboration Types 36 Constructing Elaborations 44 Issues of "Feeling". -
Gamelan Elektrika: an Electronic Balinese Gamelan
Gamelan Elektrika: An Electronic Balinese Gamelan Laurel S. Pardue Andrew Boch Matt Boch Responsive Environements, 321 Highland Ave Harmonix MIT Media Lab Sommerville, MA 02144 625 Mass. Ave, 2nd Fl. 75 Amherst St E14-548 Cambridge, MA 02139 Cambridge, MA 02142 [email protected] ∗ Christine Southworth Alex Rigopulos 65 Turning Mill Rd. Harmonix Lexington, MA 02420 625 Mass. Ave, 2nd Fl. [email protected] Cambridge, MA 02139 ABSTRACT out of tune with the other half of the pair resulting in acous- This paper describes the motivation and construction of tical beats. A characteristic of Balinese composition is the Gamelan Elektrika, a new electronic gamelan modeled after interlocking of parts; a single line is regularly split between a Balinese Gong Kebyar. The first of its kind, Elektrika con- two instruments and two players resulting in quick, intri- sists of seven instruments acting as MIDI controllers accom- cate rhythms. Additionally, gamelan is based on different panied by traditional percussion and played by 11 or more versions of pentatonic tuning with each gamelan set having performers following Balinese performance practice. Three its own related but distinct tuning. No two gamelans are main percussive instrument designs were executed using a the same [4]. combination of force sensitive resistors, piezos, and capaci- tive sensing. While the instrument interfaces are designed to play interchangeably with the original, the sound and travel possiblilities they enable are tremendous. MIDI en- ables a massive new sound palette with new scales beyond the quirky traditional tuning and non-traditional sounds. It also allows simplified transcription for an aurally taught tradition. -
Automated Analysis and Transcription of Rhythm Data and Their Use for Composition
Automated Analysis and Transcription of Rhythm Data and their Use for Composition submitted by Georg Boenn for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Bath Department of Computer Science February 2011 COPYRIGHT Attention is drawn to the fact that copyright of this thesis rests with its author. This copy of the thesis has been supplied on the condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author. This thesis may not be consulted, photocopied or lent to other libraries without the permission of the author for 3 years from the date of acceptance of the thesis. Signature of Author . .................................. Georg Boenn To Daiva, the love of my life. 1 Contents 1 Introduction 17 1.1 Musical Time and the Problem of Musical Form . 17 1.2 Context of Research and Research Questions . 18 1.3 Previous Publications . 24 1.4 Contributions..................................... 25 1.5 Outline of the Thesis . 27 2 Background and Related Work 28 2.1 Introduction...................................... 28 2.2 Representations of Musical Rhythm . 29 2.2.1 Notation of Rhythm and Metre . 29 2.2.2 The Piano-Roll Notation . 33 2.2.3 Necklace Notation of Rhythm and Metre . 34 2.2.4 Adjacent Interval Spectrum . 36 2.3 Onset Detection . 36 2.3.1 ManualTapping ............................... 36 The times Opcode in Csound . 38 2.3.2 MIDI ..................................... 38 MIDIFiles .................................. 38 MIDIinReal-Time.............................. 40 2.3.3 Onset Data extracted from Audio Signals . 40 2.3.4 Is it sufficient just to know about the onset times? . 41 2.4 Temporal Perception . -
Gamelan Gender Wayang of Bali: Form and Style
..................~~.~.~.. ~------------------ WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY Gamelan Gender Wayang of Bali: Form and Style by Kalafya Brown A thesis submitted to the facuIty of Wesleyan University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Music May, 2000 Middletown, Connecticut My teacher, Kak Luweng, and myself playing gender (above) and just sitting (below), 2 Introduction and Acknowledgements I began studying gamelan music in 1994 while I was an undergraduate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. No one tends offhand to associate gamelan with MIT. but there it is. Professor Evan Ziporyn has been directing the gong kebyar ensemble Gamelan Galak Tika at MIT since 1993, and I was an active member from 1994 until 1997. Unfortunately the pressure of my studies at Wesleyan has not allowed me to play with Galak Tika as much as I would like in the past few years. For the three years of my tenure with Galak Tika we were blessed with the artistry of the Balinese husband and wife team of I Nyoman Catra and Desak Made Suarti Laksmi. The magnificent teaching and performance prowess of Evan, Catra and Desak formed the basis of my introduction to gamelan music. In 1997 I came to Wesleyan University to study for the degree of Master of Arts in Music, of which this thesis is a part. Here at Wesleyan I have had the great honor of studying with I. M. Harjito and Sumarsam, two Javanese artists. I sincerely thank them for broadening my awareness of the multifaceted natures of Indonesian music and for sharing with me the great beauty of the central Javanese court gamelan. -
The Haec Dies Gradual the Formulas and the Structure Pitches
68 The Haec dies Gradual The formulas and the structure pitches The primary structure pitches for recitation and accentuation are A (the Final of the mode) and C (the Dominant and a universal structure pitch). Punctuation occurs: 1) on A (the Final); 2) on C (the Dominant and universal structure pitch); 3) on F (the other universal structure pitch) and 4) on D (as a suspended cadence on the fourth above the Final). The first phrase (unique to this gradual): The structure pitches: -cc6côccc8cccc8ccccccccccc6ccccc Haec di- es, The initial structure pitch A is given a great deal of emphasis, both by the large Uncinus in Laon 239 and by the t (tenete = lengthen, hold) in the Cantatorium of St. Gall. It is followed by a rapidly moving ornament that circles the A much like the motion of a softball pitcher, in order to add momentum and intensity to the final A before ascending to C. The ornament ends with an Oriscus on the final A that builds the intensity even further until it reaches the C, the 69 climax of the entire melodic line over the word Haec. The tension continues over the accented syllable of the word di-es by means of the rapid, triple pulsation of the C, the Dominant of the piece. The melody then descends to A (the Final of the piece) and becomes a rapid alternation between A and G that swings forcefully to the last A on that syllable. The A is repeated for the final syllable of the word to produce a simple redundant cadence. -
Singing the Prostopinije Samohlasen Tones in English: a Tutorial
Singing the Prostopinije Samohlasen Tones in English: A Tutorial Metropolitan Cantor Institute Byzantine Catholic Metropolia of Pittsburgh 2006 The Prostopinije Samohlasen Melodies in English For many years, congregational singing at Vespers, Matins and the Divine Liturgy has been an important element in the Eastern Catholic and Orthodox churches of Southwestern Ukraine and the Carpathian mountain region. These notes describes one of the sets of melodies used in this singing, and how it is adapted for use in English- language parishes of the Byzantine Catholic Church in the United States. I. Responsorial Psalmody In the liturgy of the Byzantine Rite, certain psalms are sung “straight through” – that is, the verses of the psalm(s) are sung in sequence, with each psalm or group of psalms followed by a doxology (“Glory to the Father, and to the Son…”). For these psalms, the prostopinije chant uses simple recitative melodies called psalm tones. These melodies are easily applied to any text, allowing the congregation to sing the psalms from books containing only the psalm texts themselves. At certain points in the services, psalms or parts of psalms are sung with a response after each verse. These responses add variety to the service, provide a Christian “pointing” to the psalms, and allow those parts of the service to be adapted to the particular hour, day or feast being celebrated. The responses can be either fixed (one refrain used for all verses) or variable (changing from one verse to the next). Psalms with Fixed Responses An example of a psalm with a fixed response is the singing of Psalm 134 at Matins (a portion of the hymn called the Polyeleos): V. -
University of Oklahoma Graduate College
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE JAVANESE WAYANG KULIT PERFORMED IN THE CLASSIC PALACE STYLE: AN ANALYSIS OF RAMA’S CROWN AS TOLD BY KI PURBO ASMORO A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF MUSIC By GUAN YU, LAM Norman, Oklahoma 2016 JAVANESE WAYANG KULIT PERFORMED IN THE CLASSIC PALACE STYLE: AN ANALYSIS OF RAMA’S CROWN AS TOLD BY KI PURBO ASMORO A THESIS APPROVED FOR THE SCHOOL OF MUSIC BY ______________________________ Dr. Paula Conlon, Chair ______________________________ Dr. Eugene Enrico ______________________________ Dr. Marvin Lamb © Copyright by GUAN YU, LAM 2016 All Rights Reserved. Acknowledgements I would like to take this opportunity to thank the members of my committee: Dr. Paula Conlon, Dr. Eugene Enrico, and Dr. Marvin Lamb for their guidance and suggestions in the preparation of this thesis. I would especially like to thank Dr. Paula Conlon, who served as chair of the committee, for the many hours of reading, editing, and encouragement. I would also like to thank Wong Fei Yang, Thow Xin Wei, and Agustinus Handi for selflessly sharing their knowledge and helping to guide me as I prepared this thesis. Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends for their continued support throughout this process. iv Table of Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ............................................................................................................... -
Gaining Insight Into Cultural Geography Through the Study of Musical Instruments
UC Irvine Journal for Learning through the Arts Title Gaining Insight into Cultural Geography through the Study of Musical Instruments Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/10c4v90c Journal Journal for Learning through the Arts, 6(1) Author Khalil, Alexander K Publication Date 2010 DOI 10.21977/D96110016 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Khalil: Gaining Insight into Cultural Geography through the Study of Musical Instruments Geographic literacy enables students to comprehend the delicate balance between the human and physical elements that bind people to this planet. Knowledge of geography is a key component in understanding—and acting effectively in—our increasingly interconnected world. Yet, American youth struggle with basic geographic facts. Confronted with an unlabeled world map, 58 percent of 18 to 24-year-olds living in the United States cannot locate Japan; 65 percent cannot find France; 29 percent cannot locate the Pacific Ocean (Roper, 2006). Complaints about the lack of geographic literacy among American students are not new. Lucy Sprague Mitchell (1991) described the children of the 1930’s as living in a world of disconnected “end products.” This “disconnect” has become more apparent in our own era, when students routinely arrive at school wearing clothes stitched by workers who live in countries the students cannot find on a map. This level of ignorance takes on a special poignancy at the present time: young Americans have been fighting in Iraq since 2003, yet only 37% of their peers in the U.S. can even find Iraq on a map (Roper, 2006). In an era when high-stakes testing has fixed the media spotlight on student achievement in language arts and math, finding time to teach geography takes ingenuity. -
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7'tie;T;e ~;&H ~ t,#t1tMftllSieotOg, UCLA VOLUME 3 1986 EDITORIAL BOARD Mark E. Forry Anne Rasmussen Daniel Atesh Sonneborn Jane Sugarman Elizabeth Tolbert The Pacific Review of Ethnomusicology is an annual publication of the UCLA Ethnomusicology Students Association and is funded in part by the UCLA Graduate Student Association. Single issues are available for $6.00 (individuals) or $8.00 (institutions). Please address correspondence to: Pacific Review of Ethnomusicology Department of Music Schoenberg Hall University of California Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA Standing orders and agencies receive a 20% discount. Subscribers residing outside the U.S.A., Canada, and Mexico, please add $2.00 per order. Orders are payable in US dollars. Copyright © 1986 by the Regents of the University of California VOLUME 3 1986 CONTENTS Articles Ethnomusicologists Vis-a-Vis the Fallacies of Contemporary Musical Life ........................................ Stephen Blum 1 Responses to Blum................. ....................................... 20 The Construction, Technique, and Image of the Central Javanese Rebab in Relation to its Role in the Gamelan ... ................... Colin Quigley 42 Research Models in Ethnomusicology Applied to the RadifPhenomenon in Iranian Classical Music........................ Hafez Modir 63 New Theory for Traditional Music in Banyumas, West Central Java ......... R. Anderson Sutton 79 An Ethnomusicological Index to The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Part Two ............ Kenneth Culley 102 Review Irene V. Jackson. More Than Drumming: Essays on African and Afro-Latin American Music and Musicians ....................... Norman Weinstein 126 Briefly Noted Echology ..................................................................... 129 Contributors to this Issue From the Editors The third issue of the Pacific Review of Ethnomusicology continues the tradition of representing the diversity inherent in our field. -
UPT Perpustakaan ISI Yogyakarta GENDERAN GENDING SLEDRENG LARAS SLENDRO PATHET SANGA KENDANGAN JANGGA KENDANG SETUNGGAL
JURNAL GENDERAN GENDING SLEDRENG LARAS SLENDRO PATHET SANGA KENDANGAN JANGGA KENDANG SETUNGGAL Oleh: Ayu Cipta Ningrum 1410539012 JURUSAN KARAWITAN FAKULTAS SENI PERTUNJUKAN INSTITUT SENI INDONESIA YOGYAKARTA 2019 UPT Perpustakaan ISI Yogyakarta GENDERAN GENDING SLEDRENG LARAS SLENDRO PATHET SANGA KENDANGAN JANGGA KENDANG SETUNGGAL Ayu Cipta Ningrum1 Jurusan Karawitan, Fakultas Seni Pertunjukan, Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta ABSTRAK “Genderan Gending Sledreng Laras Slendro Pathet Sanga Kendangan Jangga Kendang Setunggal” adalah gending gaya Yogyakarta, gending yang termuat dalam buku Gending-gending mataraman gaya Yogyakarta jilid I, Gending Sledreng ini termasuk gending Soran. Gending berpathet sanga ini gending yang menarik untuk digarap, meskipun gending ini pathet sanga namun di dalamnya terdapat garap slendro Nem dan manyura. Gending ini dibedah dengan Konsep Pathet Dalam Karawitan Jawa (Sri Hastanto). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analisis. Proses penggarapan penyusunan skripsi ini menggunakan tahapan sebagai berikut: Persiapan penulisan balungan gending, analisis balungan gending, analisis ambah- ambahan, analisis pathet, analisis padhang dan ulihan, deskripsi analisis tafsir cengkok gender, dan aplikasi garap dalam bentuk penyajian. Kata kunci: Genderan Gending Sledreng Pendahuluan Gending Sledreng termuat dalam buku Gending-gending Mataraman gaya Yogyakarta dan cara menabuh jilid I yang disusun oleh Raden Bekel Wulan Karahinan dan diterbitkan oleh K. H. P. Kridha Mardawa Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat. Gending Sledreng laras slendro pathet sanga merupakan salah satu gending karawitan gaya Yogyakarta. Di samping itu Gending Sledreng laras slendro pathet sanga juga dapat diketemukan dalam buku Titi Laras Gending Ageng Jilid I, Kahimpun dening Ki Wedono Laras Sumbogo, R. Sutedjo dan Adissoendjojo yang diterbitkan oleh Noordhofp-Kolft NV Djakarta. Berdasarkan buku Gending-gending 1Alamat korespondensi: Prodi Seni Karawitan ISI Yogyakarta, Jalan Parangtritis KM 6,5 Sewon, Yogyakarta 55001. -
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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 271 2nd International Conference on Arts and Culture (ICONARC 2018) Gambang Semarang Music as A Cultural Identity Of Semarang’s Community E Raharjo*, U Arsih Drama, Dance, and Music Department Faculty of Languages and Arts Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia *[email protected] Abstract—As a performing art “Gambang Semarang law, broadcasting program, performance form, and culture music” is part of gambang Semarang art that was created in [3]–[12]. However, the researches that exclusively discuss form of complex performing arts consisting of Drama, Dance, about gambang Semarang are form and function of and Music. Several efforts have been done by Semarang’s performance [12] and the process of cultural hybridization society to make it a cultural identity of Semarang. The purpose [6]. Therefore, the researches discuss about the form of of this research was to know, to describe and to analyze the Semarang society’s participation in making Gambang Semarang societies’ participation in supporting the process Semarang music as a cultural identity of Semarang. The data of making gambang Semarang music as one of cultural obtained were qualitative that were from observations, identity of this city. document studies, and deep interviews with the informants. The results showed that Semarang society’s effort in realizing II. METHODOLOGY Gambang Semarang music as Semarang’s cultural identity was This research was done by mix method approach. The manifested in both formal and non formal education, festivals or competitions, workshop, discussions, and performances. combination between qualitative and participatory approach was needed because the both approaches can complete each Keywords—gambang semarang, music, cultural identity other in the process of research’s data taking and data collecting. -
Adapting and Applying Central Javanese Gamelan Music Theory in Electroacoustic Composition and Performance
Adapting and Applying Central Javanese Gamelan Music Theory in Electroacoustic Composition and Performance Part II of II: Appendices Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Ph. D. Charles Michael Matthews School of Arts Middlesex University May 2014 Table of contents – part II Table of figures ....................................................................................................................... 121 Table of tables ......................................................................................................................... 124 Appendix 1: Composition process and framework development ..................... 125 1.1 Framework .............................................................................................................................. 126 1.2 Aesthetic development ........................................................................................................ 127 1.3 Idiomatic reference .............................................................................................................. 128 1.3.1 Electroacoustic music references .......................................................................................... 129 1.3.2 Musical time .................................................................................................................................... 130 1.3.3 Electronic cengkok and envelopes ........................................................................................ 132 1.4 Instruments and interfaces ..............................................................................................