Research and Economic Development 2009/2010

FUB_2009-2010_englisch_01/11 local regions of its field centers. field its of regions local the in force driving a is and government, to services advisory tent compe- provides scientists, of generation next the promotes also It partners. and clients its for provider service a as and projects own gicalreputation. DLRoperates large-scale research facilities forDLR’s technolo- and industrial Germany’s enhancing to gained has it that know-how technical and scientific the contributes DLR way that In tomorrow. of products and applications innovative to research basic from ranges portfolio research DLR’s security. and nication, commu- mobility, promoting for and technologies, tally-compatible environmen- for environment, the protecting for research System, Solar the and Earth the of exploration the comprises mission DLR’s D.C. Washington and Paris, Brussels, in offices operates also DLR Weilheim. and Trauen, Stuttgart, Oberpfaffenhofen, Neustrelitz, Lampoldshausen, Hamburg, Goettingen, Bremen, Braunschweig, Bonn, Berlin, (headquarters), Cologne Germany: in locations thirteen at employed are people 6,700 Approximately DLR. of part also is agency management project- largest Germany’s Furthermore, interests. German of representation international the for as well as government federal German the by programme space German the of implementation the and planning forward the for responsibility given been has DLR internationaland cooperative ventures.Germany‘sAs space agency, national into integrated is Security and Transport Energy, Space, extensivespace.Itsresearch developmentand Aeronautics, in work and aeronautics for centre research national Germany‘s is DLR Glance a at DLR German Corporate Linder www.DLR.de Köln 51147 Höhe

Aerospace

Development

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DLR Resarch and Economic Development 2009/2010

Annual Report 2009/2010 Development and Economic Research Imprint

Published by Deutsches Zentrum IAQG International Aerospace Quality Group RCAS Railway Collision Avoidance System für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. IBMP Institut für Biomedizinische Probleme REACCESS Risiko der Energieverfügbarkeit: Gemeinschaftliche in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization Korridore für Europas Versorgungssicherheit iGREEN integrated Green Aircraft RMC DLR-Robotik und Mechatronik-Zentrum ILA Luft- und Raumfahrtausstellung ROSKOSMOS Russian Federal Space Agency German Aerospace Center INCAS Nationales Institut für Luft- und Raumfahrtforschung RWTH Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule INS Innovation mit Normen und Standards SANDRA Seamless Aeronautical Networking through integration Address Linder Hoehe INTA Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial of Data links, Radios, and Antennas 51147 Cologne IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change SAR Synthetic-Aperture Radar IPDA Integrated Path Differential Absorption SES Single European Sky ISO International Organization for Standardization SESAR Single European Sky ATM Research Editor Strategy and Alliances JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency SET-Plan Strategic Energy Technology Plan JCM Joint Committee Meeting SGO Systems for Green Operations Design CD Werbeagentur GmbH, JTISFWA Joint Technology Initiative Smart Fixed Wing Aircraft SHEFEX Sharp Edge Flight Experiment Kaskosmos Kasachische Raumfahrtagentur SIMCOS Advanced Simulation and Control of Dynamic Stall Troisdorf KMU Kleine und mittlere Unternehmen SMOS Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity KVP kontinuierliche Verbesserungsprozess SOFC Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Printing Druckerei Thierbach GmbH, LamAiR Laminar Aircraft Research SOFIA Stratosphären-Observatorium für Infrarot-Astronomie Muelheim/Ruhr LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging SOLHYCO Solar-Hybrid Power and Cogeneration Plants LIMES Land and Sea Monitoring for Environment and Security TAMS Total Airport Management Suite LSV Laser-Scanning Vibrometers TanDEM-X TerraSARX add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement Press date Cologne, January 2011 LuFO Luftfahrtforschungsprogramm TBL Turbulente Grenzschicht Ma Mach TEG Thermoelektrische Generatoren Reporting period July 1, 2009 to June 30, 2010 MAKS Moskauer Luft- und Raumfahrtsalon TEXUS Technologische Experimente unter Schwerelosigkeit MDA MacDonald Dettwiler TI Technische Infrastruktur Data status December 31, 2009 MED-CSP Concentrating Solar Power for the Mediterranean TRACE Turbo machinery Research Aerodynamic Computatio- Region nal Environment MEFISTO Methodology for framework programmes‘ impact TRANS-CSP Trans-Mediterranean interconnection for Concentra- Reproduction in whole or in part or any assessment in Transport ting Solar Power other use is subject to prior permission MINT Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaften TÜBITAK Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey from the German Aerospace Center (DLR). & Technik TWG Transsonischer Windkanal Göttingen MOET More Open Electrical Technologies UCAV unmanned combat air vehicle MoJo Modular Joints for Composite Aircraft Components UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification www.DLR.de MOU Momorandum of Understanding UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural MRO Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul Organization N.ERGHY New European Research Grouping on Fuel Cells and UNOOSA Büro der Vereinten Nationen für Weltraumfragen Hydrogen UN-SPIDER United Nations Platform for Space-based Information NAL National Aerospace Laboratories for Disaster Management and Emergency Response NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration URANS Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes NEWSKY NEtWorking the SKY VAAC Vulkanasche-Vorhersagezentrums NGT Next Generation Train VDSI Verband deutscher Sicherheitsingenieure e.V. NLF Natural Laminar Flow VECTOR Vehicle Technologies Scenario Model NLR Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium VN Vereinte Nationen NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory ZAGI Zentrales Aero-Hydrodynamisches Institut ONERA Office National d‘Études et de Recherches Aérospatiales ZKI Zentrum für satellitengestützte Kriseninformation ÖPNV Öffentlicher Personennahverkehr ZLP Zentrum für Produktionstechnik PAW Polnischen Akademie der Wissenschaften PE Personalentwicklung PGLR Parlamentsgruppe Luft und Raumfahrt PMP Project Management Professional PT-DLR DLR-Projektträger PT-LF Projektträger Luftfahrtforschung QM Qualitätsmanagement QSTP Qatar Science & Technology Park QUANTIFY Quantifying the Climate Impact of Global and European Transport Systems

101 Research and Economic Development 2009/2010

German Aerospace Center (DLR)

3 Contents

Preface ...... 6

Annual Report

Aeronautics...... 10

Space Administration and Space R&D...... 22

Transport...... 32

Energy ...... 40

Defence and Security Research...... 46

Project Management Agency ...... 50

Economic Development

Future Development of DLR Current Activities...... 56

Results Third-party Funding...... 57 Research-Related Results...... 58 Technology Marketing ...... 58

Structure and Organisation Development of the Research Centre...... 62 Quality Management, Standardisation and Environmental Protection ...... 65

Partners Helmholtz Association of National Research Centers (HGF)...... 69 National and European Networks...... 69 International Collaboration...... 74 Communications...... 80 Political and Economic Relations...... 80

People Gender Equality and Work Life Balance ...... 82 Human Resources ...... 83 Human Resources Development ...... 84 German Staff at ESA ...... 85 Commendations and Awards ...... 86

Compilation of Performance Indicators...... 88

4 Contents

Data & Facts

Institutes and Facilities...... 92

Members and Committees...... 92

Senate ...... 94

Senate Committee ...... 94

Executive Board...... 95

Space Committee...... 95

Scientific-Technical Council...... 95

Affiliates and Joint Ventures...... 96

Use of Funds...... 98

List of Abbreviations...... 100

5 Preface

The past year was an extremely successful one for DLR, with an immense range of projects and services in the focus areas of Aeronautics, Space, Energy and Transport making contributions to solving global challenges facing society. At the beginning of 2010, DLR established a new organisational unit, Program Co- ordination Defence & Security Research, which has a special focus on coordinating activities with the Federal Ministry of Defence. Economic development was also positive in the last year, with particular thanks to the various federal and state ministries who have supported the DLR in its combined capacity as research institution, space agency and project management agency.

6 Preface

Regardless of our available budget, the organisation was a key goal in imple- success of the DLR stands and falls on menting the overall strategy for 2009: the level of motivation of our employees. developing freedom to innovate. Meet- This motivation is the only way that we ing directly with employees is something can secure the future of the DLR. Excel- I consider to be very important and as lence and professionalism give a decisive such I will again visit every one of the competitive advantage in the effort to DLR sites during 2010. From developing strengthen Germany as a center for an attractive employer brand to running industry and technology, especially at a graduate programme for doctoral stu- a time of competition with regard to dents, we have intensified our recruit- new inventions and innovations within ment efforts, with particular focus on Europe and internationally. During the attracting young talent, in order to con- 2009/2010 reporting period I have wit- tinue to meet the challenge of delivering nessed many examples of excellence at high quality and excellence within DLR. DLR. I am delighted by the number of In the Economic Development section of employees who take on responsibility, this report, we demonstrate how our do their best for DLR, set high standards work to develop a comprehensive infra- for themselves and provide mutual sup- structure also extends to our third-party port for each other. I would like to take business activities, the personnel struc- this opportunity to highlight a few rep- ture, the development of young talent, resentative examples that reflect the ef- the quality assurance system and the fectiveness and significance of the work management team. I hope that we have done at DLR. These include the profes- now aroused your curiosity to learn sionalism shown in gathering measure- more about the highlights of our fasci- ments of the ash cloud in May 2010, the nating research programmes and the first-rate launch and commissioning of other activities of the organisation – and the TanDEM-X and SatcomBW military that you find our annual report to be an communication satellites, the high qual- exciting read. ity of the groundwork done in preparing the concept of clean energy from the desert (DESERTEC) and the rich inven- tiveness shown in the field of electromobility research. The capabilities of DLR in all its guises were showcased to the Prof. Dr. Johann-Dietrich Wörner public with an impressive style at the ILA Chairman of the Executive Board Berlin Air Show 2010 and the COSPAR space research conference. More of our activities and projects are described in Part 1 of this annual report. Establishing the conditions under which DLR can further challenge and encourage the creativity and motivation of staff in the

7 8 Annual Report

9 Aeronautics

The years 2009 and 2010 represented In the recent case of the disruption a difficult period for the world of caused by the ash cloud, DLR was aviation. Following on the heels of able to apply its impressive technical the general global economic crisis, capabilities and expertise in a highly which hit cargo airlines particularly visible manner through the deploy- hard, came the eruption of the Eyjaf- ment of the Falcon research aircraft. jallajökull volcano in spring of this Beyond this immediate response, year. Although the duration of the experts from DLR continue to partici- eruption was limited, it had grave pate in various working groups that consequences for air transport, espe- are concerned with finding ways to cially in Europe. Aviation has long better manage the impact of similar been, and continues to be, sensitive events in future. In addition to this, to external influences, and this is it is necessary to improve not only something that this event highlighted our ability to forecast the dispersion in the public consciousness in partic- and composition of ash clouds, but ularly dramatic fashion. This sensitiv- also the accuracy with which the ity is also repeatedly evident, albeit actual risk to aircraft, especially their less spectacularly, when extreme propulsion systems, can be assessed. weather situations occur. The environmental effects both of and on air- For DLR own flight operations, the craft are therefore quite intention- most notable activities were the final ally given special significance in the preparations for and subsequent research work carried out by DLR, commissioning of the new HALO and with the consequences of aviation ATRA research aircraft. Completing on the environment considered all the necessary steps for certification alongside the effects of environmen- of the HALO atmospheric research air- tal factors on air transport. craft proved to be a particular challenge. Of particular concern were the numerous attachment options on the wings and fuselage, which demanded very extensive investigations into factors such as aeroelastics and bird- strike resistance.

10 Annual Report > Aeronautics

ATRA, a vertical stabiliser with a simple LamAiR boundary layer suction system is currently being designed as part of the Reduction of aerodynamic resistance LamAiR project. This work is multidisci- plinary in nature and close attention has There is no doubt that maintaining lami- to be paid to matching aerodynamic nar flow at the boundary layer of aero- requirements with the options available foils, tail units and engine nacelles is in terms of construction and design re- the area with the greatest potential for search. The initial concepts for construc- improving the aerodynamic qualities of tion of a leading edge for a vertical stabi- transport aircraft. As such, this is one liser with integral suction were prepared of the future technologies that is being and perforated sheets produced that investigated with a view to achieving the appear to be suitable for a porous outer goals of ACARE and Vision 2020 for sus- skin. Thanks to a special flow meter con- tainable development in global aviation. structed specifically for the task, research- With this in mind, DLR set up the inter- ers were able to measure their aerody- Complete preliminary study of a short to nal LamAiR (Laminar Aircraft Research) medium haul aircraft with forward-swept namic flow characteristics for the first NLF wing project, which complements activities time, particularly the pressure drop due relating to the current national (LuFO IV – to throughflow under the atmospheric HIGHER-LE) and European (JTI-SFWA) conditions of free flight. A further major projects. As with these other projects, component of the LamAiR project is the the research work centres on two tech- evaluation of the laminar technology. An nology concepts, NLF (Natural Laminar expert workshop was held to prepare Flow) and HLFC (Hybrid Laminar Flow scenarios that can be used as the basis Control). The NLF concept is particularly for proving NLF and HLFC concepts in well suited for new short to medium future. haul aircraft, with the starting point for the DLR concept being a forward-swept laminar wing configuration. Using a new design methodology that takes into consideration the conicity of the wing at an early stage during design of the profile, it was possible to demonstrate that unlike with the rear-swept design for the JTI-SFWA, the cruising speed could be maintained at the previous level of Ma = 0.78. Building on this experimental work on the profiles, a sequence of corresponding preliminary design studies were conducted to investigate aerodynamics, structural mechanics and aero elastics. For long haul aircraft, laminar flow can only be controlled through a combination of shape and boundary layer suction (HLFC). In preparation for demonstrating this technology in long- term flight tests on the DLR A320 D

11 Annual report > Aeronautics

a laminar profile in the Göttingen tran- iGREEN sonic wind tunnel (TWG) at the German- Dutch Wind Tunnels (DNW) facility. Numerical simulation technique These tests studied the movement-induced unsteady pressure distribution, Various concepts for improving the per- which has a significant effect on flutter formance, economy and environmental stability. The results are being used for compatibility of new aircraft can even validation of CFD simulations and other have an influence on the aeroelastic in- purposes. A second test using the flutter teraction between the aircraft structure test rig is planned that will test the sys- and the airflow around it, and can there- tem with an elastically mounted, freely fore be safety-relevant. Such concepts oscillating model. include reduction of air resistance using laminar wings, load reduction through A further major point of interest is the use of control surfaces, and use of large, effect on the aircraft structure of the ex- efficient engines. In order to be able to pected maximum non-steady-state loads consider these effects at an early stage due to wind gusts and flight manoeu- of aircraft development, researchers vres, such as rapid emergency descent, must have a good understanding of the which can also lead to instability caused physical phenomena and be able to in- Snapshot of the measured (top) and simula- by airflow separation (buffeting). ted (bottom) vortex density distribution in corporate precise and reliable numerical the wake of an oscillating aerofoil in a plane simulations into the design process. The brief, sudden elevated load peaks parallel to the flow Such an approach is being pursued in the must be taken into account in the de- iGREEN (integrated Green Aircraft) project, sign of the wing by dimensioning the which employs numerical simulations, structure appropriately. It is possible to wind tunnel experiments and a develop- limit the mass of the structure, provided ment process that reintegrates know that the magnitude of the load peaks at ledge gained to bring about process im- the wing can be kept down by means of provement. specifically controlled deflections of the rudder. To achieve this, it is necessary to One of the main areas of focus for the be able to accurately predict the wind project is the investigation of laminar gusts and buffet loads. To test the pre- wings at transonic speeds, with a view diction accuracy, a generic wind tunnel to possibly achieving different flutter model was built for the TWG comprising characteristics to those of a conventional two aerofoils mounted one behind the wing. To this end, tests were recently other. The front aerofoil generates un- carried out on a simple wing model with steady gusts or, in the case of buffeting, highly dynamic regions of separated flows, which propagate downstream until they meet the second wing. Two different measurements were carried out, the first of which investigated the unsta- ble flows behind the front wing. The unsteady distribution of vortex density produced in this region was measured optically and the results obtained corre- sponded well to those obtained by the CFD simulations, as shown in the illustra- tion. The second measurement is to be carried out in the near future and will investigate the reaction of the elastic second wing as it is exposed to these fluctuations in the flow field.

12 Annual Report > Aeronautics

received first prize in the Process category MoJo at the JEC Composites Show. Previously at JEC, in 2008, the MoJo project had been Modular construction of aircraft awarded second place in the Aeronautics structures category for their work on the topic of Continuous Inductive Preforming. A structural aircraft component with a CFRP-compatible construction has been developed as part of the European research project known as MoJo (Modular Joints for Composite Aircraft Components). MOET The 1.4 metre long component is what is Model library and design tool Guide rail for a rear flap (flap track) manufac- known in the industry as a flap track. tured in CFRP Electrification of on-board aircraft sys- In a commercial aircraft this is a mounting tems (More Electric Aircraft, Power-by- inside the wing that acts as a guide for Wire) is a key aspect in the effort to the wing flaps. By developing a new, mod- achieve further reductions in fuel con- ular construction and manufacturing tech- sumption and environmental pollution nique and demonstrating its operational over aircraft that use conventional hy- capability, it is hoped that in future struc- draulics and pneumatics to power sys- tural components can be produced more tems such as actuators, de-icing and air cost effectively. conditioning.

DLR has developed a continuous process In order to be able to use installed elec- for the manufacture of CFRP preforms for trical power as efficiently as possible, profiles that can be used to join the indi- systems for generating, distributing and vidual structural elements of the flap track. utilising energy, which have previously Preforms are semi-finished fibre products generally been considered as separate held in a fixed shape by a thermoplastic entities, must be developed to the point binder, making them easy to handle. Fin- where they form a highly integrated sys- ished products are created by using a vac- tem. uum to inject resin in the fixed fibre pre- form. A flexible tooling concept for this The European Union’s MOET (More process has been developed and the base Open Electrical Technologies) project plate for the flap track has also been man- has been established to advance the ufactured. progress of the Power-by-Wire concept within the European aircraft industry. The construction principles developed can DLR is responsible for coordinating the be applied very flexibly throughout the en- development of new methods and tools tire structure of an aircraft and are suitable that can help in designing the all-en- for an incredibly diverse range of modular compassing aircraft electrical system components, for example freight and pas- architectures of the future. senger doors, door frames, rudder fairings, and the ribs (also known as stringers) that are use to stabilise the aircraft fuselage longitudinally. During the course of the project, production techniques have been developed that pave the way for lighter- weight, and therefore cheaper and more environmentally friendly, aviation. In recognition of their achievement in successfully implementing the various construction techniques, the research consortium

13 Annual Report > Aeronautics

One important contribution from DLR shown to be particularly problematic as was the development of a software en- there is no known passive solution that vironment known as ENADOT (Electric can provide effective attenuation at a Network Architecture Design Tool), sufficiently low weight. The goal in de- which can be used to automatically opti- veloping the adaptronic CFRP panel was mise the electrical system architecture therefore to produce a solution that can with regard to energy characteristics, reduce the low-frequency cabin noise overall weight and reliability. This tool while also being compatible with light- is now being used at AIRBUS. Another weight construction. This would allow focus of the work at DLR is the develop- designers to fully exploit the weight ad- ment of the extensive NETCORE library, vantages of a CFRP fuselage and avoid which facilitates detailed analysis of net- the need for heavy, bulky insulation ma- work stability and energy quality as well terial. as health monitoring of complex high- voltage direct current on-board power The CoSiCab+ project has developed a systems. Both ENADOT and NETCORE numerical design toolbox that will facili- are built using Modelica, a modern, ob- tate the design of noise-reduced, adap- ject-oriented modelling language that tronic lightweight structures. Utilising allows multiphysics system modelling. custom software modules in combina- Coordinated by DLR, the CleanSKy-SGO tion with standard ANSYS® and Matlab® (Systems for Green Operations) project is software, this toolbox makes it possible currently working to establish standard- to create Active Structural Acoustic Con- ised modelling processes and analysis trol (ASAC) process chains that model tools for aircraft power systems. the significant physical processes involved in noise transmission, thereby permitting optimised design of the adaptronic structural system. After ap- plying the ASAC process chain, the re- CoSiCab+ sults provide specifications for the positioning of actuators and sensors in the Adaptronic CFRP panels passive system and an estimate of the operational performance of the uncon- Noise levels within the aircraft cabin trolled (passive) and controlled (active) constitute a major factor affecting pas- system. senger comfort and one of the aspects addressed by the CoSi- Cab+ (Comforta- In order to experimentally validate the ble and Silent Cabin+) project. One of software modules developed for the the most significant external sources of project, a flat, reinforced CFRP panel disturbance during a flight is the turbu- was designed using the ASAC process lent boundary layer (TBL), the undesira- chain, then manufactured and tested in ble effects of which are coupled to the an enclosed measurement section in a aircraft structure via pressure fluctua- closed-jet wind tunnel at mach 0.16. tions in the wall of the fuselage, from Pressure measurements were made in where they are transmitted to passen- the TBL in order to characterise it and to gers in the form of unwanted noise. Low allow a comparison with the turbulence frequencies below 500 Hz have been data provided by the AVANTGARDE (Ad- vanced Numerical Tools Graduation by Application in Aeronautical Research and Development) project. Vibroacoustic evaluation of the TBL-induced surface velocities of the structure was conducted using a laser scanning vibrometer (LSV) at 260 locations.

14 Annual Report > Aeronautics

By filtering this data in the appropriate tion for the measurements and, particu- frequency range it was possible to ana- larly, during post-processing. These were lyse the form of the operational vibra- necessary both for validation of the CFD tions and the transmitted sound power. procedures and for identification of in- The open and closed loop control con- consistencies in the measurement data cepts implemented demonstrated a sig- through intensive comparison of the nificant degree of vibroacoustic effective- measurements with the simulation. Most ness, with vibration reductions of 12 dB of the inconsistencies were rectified by and noise reductions of 6 dB(A) in third correction of the data. An evaluation octave bands. programme was also implemented so that the measurement data and the results of the CFD could be compared quickly and conveniently. The outcome Unsteady CFD simulation of the GOAHEAD GOAHEAD of this programme was a verified, user- complete helicopter model in the wind tun- friendly database that will allow signifi- nel (DNW large low-speed facility, LLF: sphe- CFD validation of helicopters cant advances in CFD techniques for hel- res = experimental pressure data; coloured icopters to be made over the next few areas = CFD simulation using the FLOWer CFD method from DLR) Following a period of intensive develop- years. ment, URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Aver- aged Navier-Stokes) techniques are now available that have the potential to allow the aerodynamics of new helicopters to SIMCOS be simulated with such a degree of accuracy that no substantial aerodynamic Active flow control on main rotor modifications will be required after the profiles maiden flight. Until recently, however, there was a lack of validation data to Significant improvements in flight per- provide evidence of this potential. formance and fuel consumption have been seen since the introduction of This gap was bridged by the European modern transonic profiles for helicopter Union’s GOAHEAD (Generation of Ad- main rotors. These improvements are vanced Helicopter Experimental Aerody- unfortunately accompanied by an inten- namic Database for CFD code validation) sification of dynamic stall effects under project. Measurements were made of an certain flight conditions, which in turn NH90 main rotor-fuselage-tail rotor con- causes a very high variation in pitch figuration under a diverse range of flight torque. This phenomenon leads to in- conditions. With it’s extremely compre- creased vibration and greater loading hensive instrumentation (pressure sen- on the swashplate actuators and control sors on the fuselage, rotors and walls rods, which result in both increased of the wind tunnel, hot films, infrared wear and a limitation on the flight enve- images of the fuselage, PIV flow field lope. measurement, measurement of the blade position and blade shape, micro- tufts), this was the most complex wind tunnel measurement ever carried out by the DLR team. A high number of CFD simulations were performed in prepara-

15 Annual Report > Aeronautics

To address this issue, DLR and Onera established the Franco-German SIMCOS AeroLight project with the aims of better understanding the complex flow phenomena Aeroelastic investigations that occur during dynamic stall and being able to manage these more effec- Researchers working on the AeroLight tively. Passive measures based on profile project at DLR are developing, manu- design and active methods are both con- facturing and testing a single stage sidered. The SIMCOS programme places compressor demonstrator using new particular emphasis on active techniques construction techniques to deliver ex- for flow control, with the DLR investigat- cellent aerodynamic performance. ing active blowing out. This work in- Thanks to the possibilities opened up volved modifying the TAU code and by the manufacturing technology used evaluating 18 varied configurations of in the production of the blades, the In- blower actuators. The best of these constitute of Propulsion Technology en- figurations achieved a reduction in pitch joyed a high degree of design freedom torque variation of about 85%, with it in their optimisation of the blade ge- remaining possible to maintain a con- ometry of the rotor, which uses a blisk stant average lift. These outstanding nu- construction. Developed jointly by the Work output (green) and work input (red) merical results must now be confirmed Institute of Structures and Design and from/into the Aerolight rotor by conducting unsteady wind tunnel the Institute of Materials Research, this tests. technology is based on a blisk construction comprising three axial plates soldered together. MTU Aero Engines and the WTD 61 German air force test center are also participating in the project.

The Institute of Aeroelasticity investigated the flutter characteristics of the blisk at the end of the initial design phase using the TRACE CFD software developed by the Institute of Propul- sion Technology. The aim of the aeroelasticity work was to evaluate the aerodynamic damping. This is necessary in order to be certain that vibrations that occur in the blades are damped under all operating conditions, in other words to ensure that there are no self-excited oscillations (flutter). The basis of the investigations is the natural mode shapes and the static aerodynamics at the relevant operating points. Simula- tions were carried out for each of the natural oscillations to determine the unsteady aerodynamic loads, from which it is possible to determine the work exchange between the blade and the fluid.

16 Annual Report > Aeronautics

The decisive factor in the tendency cal effects that lead to reduced perform- to flutter is the integrated work input ance and to take these into considera- across the blading. Because this inte- tion to achieve optimal results when grated global value is composed of remachining the fan blades. The work large, localised instances of work in- combines many years of expertise in the puts (both excitational and damping), field of numerical simulation of engines it is very important to consider even with the design expertise of the Fan and the small details of the aerodynamics Compressor department. and vibration characteristics. Before operating the rotor it is necessary to ensure that all natural oscillations are damped, in other words that the over- Alternative Fuels all work balance results in positive aero dynamic damping, something that has Behaviour in turbines already been demonstrated for certain natural mode shapes. Synthetic fuels for aircraft propulsion are 3D view of fan blading in an engine fan no longer some far-off utopia, rather aviation fuel obtained using GtL (Gas to Liquid) processes will in future be firmly MRO rooted in the supply chain. This fuel is manufactured from natural gas using Maintenance, repair and overhaul Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and can vary in its chemical composition. In order In collaboration with Lufthansa Technik, to optimise this innovative concept and the Institute of Propulsion Technology is provide a safe and effective method conducting investigations on a CFM56 of implementing it in practice, the DLR engine, used on aircraft such as the Air- Institute of Combustion Technology, in bus A340, with the goal of better man- conjunction with partners from Qatar aging and planning maintenance work and the United Kingdom, is investigating on engine components. the combustion characteristics of GtL Experimental analysis of ignition process fuels in gas turbine combustion chambers using high-speed cameras in a Rolls Royce Prolonged erosion during flight opera- within the scope of a project financed by test rig tions leads to typical wear marks, which QSTP (Qatar Science & Technology Park). generally occur at characteristic points on the engine fan blades. This means that shape of the blades deviates from the geometric ideal, thus leading to losses in performance. This effect is being studied both numerically and experimentally as part of the study.

Various typical wear cases are being simulated using TRACE, the DLR flow solver software. Additionally, a selection of blade profiles is being measured aerodynami- cally in the Institute‘s cascade tunnel. As well as providing a detailed assessment of the modified fan aerodynamics, the results allow the most important factors affecting engine performance to be characterised in a targeted manner. This helps the industrial partner, Lufthansa Technik, to better understand the physi-

17 Annual Report > Aeronautics

Ignition characteristics are an important to simulation studies, with the involve- issue here, particularly their suitability for ment of pilots from Lufthansa and air re-ignition of engines at high altitude. traffic controllers from DFS (Deutsche To this end, DLR employed a test rig at Flugsicherung), the company in charge Rolls Royce in Derby, England, to analyse of air traffic control for Germany. the ignition process under realistic conditions using high-speed measurement Based on the results of this work, moni- techniques. Comparison of five different toring with increased levels of automa- GtL mixtures and Jet A-1 kerosene showed tion is continually becoming more signif- that as well as differences in ignition be- icant. It was possible to demonstrate haviour there was also a significant de- that monitoring parameters are able pre- crease in soot formation with the GtL dict understanding of the system. The fuels. Thanks to the high-resolution corresponding simulation of free-flight measurement technology, it was possi- scenarios showed an increase in capabil- Increasing automation is changing the capa- ble to capture the ignition process and ity requirements on pilots in several bility requirements for pilots and air traffic flame propagation in such a high level of areas of attributes, whereas the de- controllers detail that the data could also be used mands on air traffic controllers remained for improving computer-based models. largely at the same level. Overall, the results represent an important milestone in furthering the develop- All in all both operational monitoring is a ment and utilisation of these fuels. key factor for of both professional cate- gories regarding future ATM systems. Results from the first project are promis- ing and will now be analysed in more Operational detail in a follow-on project, Aviator II, which will also incorporate the results Monitoring into new psychological test procedures.

Central capability requirements

Human operators will continue to play Networking a central role as managers and decision makers in the new European air traffic the Sky system under plans for the Single Euro- pean Sky (SES). At the same time, how- Coordinated communications ever, substantial changes are anticipated with regard to the roles and tasks of Pilots and air traffic controllers will soon those involved. have a range of different communications channels available to them in addi- The central task of the interdisciplinary tion to voice radio. These include data Aviator 2030 project was to clarify which links in the VHF and L bands, a WiMAX- changes will be made to the operator based standard for airports and new sat- capability requirements as a result of ellite connections. Until now however, SES. In order to investigate this issue, there was no concept that could effi- those aspects of the future air traffic ciently network these various data con- concepts that have a bearing on career nections together, nor one that could in- profiles were scrutinised and subjected tegrate passenger applications. This problem was addressed by the Institute of Communications and Navigation in its vision of a “networked sky”, which it pursued by initiating and managing the EU funded NEWSKY (NEtWorking the SKY) project.

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In place of individual communication Aviation Cluster. This work involves systems for different aspects of air traffic bringing together the existing expertise control and their associated applications, to be found in universities, major re- solutions are being developed for net- search institutions and industry in the working these systems through use of Hamburg metropolitan region in the the Internet Protocol. A modular system fields of air traffic management, logistics, architecture and standardised interfaces aircraft design, system development and allow a high degree of synergy to be system simulation. In doing so, the aim achieved. In addition to this, the use of is to improve selected airport processes, widely available Internet technology airport connections and compatibility helps deliver cost effective solutions for between aircraft and the airport, as well the aviation industry. as to evaluate the benefits of these improvements within the scope of the cur- The networking concepts developed rent project. In this respect, the focus at were unveiled to an expert audience in DLR is on management of airside proc- an impressive live demonstration at the esses, simulation of passenger flow in Networking of aircraft using various data close of the project in October 2009. the terminal, compatibility of airports links for cockpit and passenger communica- SANDRA (Seamless Aeronautical Net- with revolutionary aircraft developments tions working through integration of Data and technology evaluation. links, Radios, and Antennas) is the name given to the EU’s follow-on project, One of the major foundation stones of which will see the NEWSKY concepts the project, which is scheduled to run developed to a stage where they are until 2013, is a specially prepared re- ready for implementation. quirements catalogue detailing the technologies and processes to be developed by the project. This catalogue was prepared based on the outcomes of surveys Improving Airport of experts in the field and on three future scenarios prepared for Hamburg’s Process Efficiency medium-sized airport. Additionally, initial concept work has been carried out Pooling information on the nature of the future workplace for apron controllers and ground han- At many airports, the limiting factors for dling dispatchers, with a view to provid- air traffic are capacity and environmen- ing the best possible working conditions. tal regulations. In addition to this, journeys to the airport, passenger handling in the terminal and the airside processes leading up to take off make up a considerable portion of journey times within the air transport system.

DLR is making a contribution to solving these challenges and improving airport process efficiency as a member of the collaborative Aiport2030 project, which is being run within the framework of the BMBF’s (German Federal Ministry of Ed- ucation and Research) Cluster of Excel- lence funding for the Greater Hamburg

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in 20 s, pre-breathing of air was suffi- Protection Systems cient to prevent loss of consciousness. It is hoped that significant benefits in for Cockpit Crew terms of weight and logistics can be achieved by developing a corresponding Hazard reduction in case of pressure oxygen supply system that is suitable for loss real-world use.

The pressurised cabin is a fundamental requirement for aircraft in fulfilling their role as a means of mass transport. Flying CATS at altitudes of 10 km (33,000 ft) and more, which is a fundamental compo- Climate-compatible Air Transport nent in providing efficient air transport, System Pressure chamber for human subject means that occupants must be pro- research. Rapidly changing pressure profiles tected against the life-threatening condi- The potential for minimising the impact can be achieved via high-volume pipes with tions outside the aircraft. of aviation on the climate is currently the computer controlled servo valves. subject of an interdisciplinary project In order to protect pilots against falling known as CATS (Climate-compatible Air unconscious in the case of a sudden Transport System). This encompasses the pressure loss, modern cockpits are fitted operational side in terms of customised with what are known as quick donning flight profiles as well as the technical masks. These deliver an oxygen-air mix- possibilities offered by new technologies, ture that varies according to altitude, propulsion systems and aircraft configu- starting at around 50% oxygen at typi- rations. cal cabin pressures. At and around maximum cruising altitude of 45,000 ft, the An important area of focus is the reduc- Pilot Flying must wear the mask at all tion of the uncertainties that exist when times, in order to ensure that a suffi- modelling climatic impact. It is particu- ciently high proportion of oxygen is con- larly important to properly understand tinuously maintained in the lungs. How- the underlying processes and reciprocal ever, unlike in a military aircraft, in a effects between aircraft emissions and large passenger aircraft the fastest possi- climatic impact. Researchers have now ble loss of pressure takes between 10 completed the construction of a multi- and 20 s. This means that, provided oxy- disciplinary design and analysis chain for gen is delivered quickly in the initial simulation and evaluation of the various stages of the pressure loss, it is theoreti- options for reduction of climatic impact. cally possible to achieve a sufficiently To this end, various subject-specific mod- high proportion of oxygen in the lungs els from the participating DLR institutes without pre-breathing oxygen by taking have been linked into an integrated multiple breaths until the target altitude CATS simulation chain. is reached. This simulation chain will be utilised in In collaboration with representatives of the further work of the project to iden- the aviation industry, a series of tests tify climate optimised mission profiles in were carried out in the pressure cham- the global route network. Investigations ber facility at the DLR Institute of Aero- will then be conducted into the implica- space Medicine with the participation of tions that simulation results have for air- ten test subjects. The results demon- craft design, with this work in turn feed- strated that when oxygen was delivered ing into the development and evaluation at 100% using an experimental oxygen of a climate-optimised aircraft configura- mask within the first 2 s of a decom- tion that utilises new technologies and pression event from 8,000 to 45,000 ft propulsion concepts.

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The options investigated will be evalu- With its existing capabilities in the fields ated and presented on the basis of their of flight systems engineering, materials contribution to reducing climatic impact, and structures, DLR is very well placed set against the change required in direct to address a broad range of the issues operating costs. surrounding MRO.

The participating institutes of the DLR all have an active role in interpreting the project outcomes, with each contributing their specialist knowledge towards Aeronautics: revenues in million euros a final set of substantiated conclusions by the DLR on how the environmental 2009 2010 2011 impact of aviation can be reduced in actual planned planned future. Basic funding 138 132 139

Third-party financing 66 61 71 Outlook Total revenues 204 193 210

Scientific work has already begun on the first research projects at the previously Anticipated revenues for 2010 mentioned Centre of Lightweight Pro- duction Technology (ZLP) and is running Overall total 193 million euros All ﬁgures in million euros in parallel to the introduction of the necessary investments in plant technology. ATM and Operations Funded by the federal states in which the DLR facilities are located, these projects will largely define the research 44 programme at the ZLP until 2012. Work on the projects will be conducted at the various ZLP sites in close collaboration with equally committed partners from 100 Aircraft Research Engine Research the worlds of research and industry. 31

Alongside production technology, maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) is 18 another new area of study that will be- Rotorcraft Research come a firmly established part of DLR work over the coming years. This is an area of concern that has long represented a major problem for the aviation industry and engine manufacturers in particular. With increased use of fibre composite materials in aircraft primary structures, the problem is now taking on a new dimension, particularly for air- frame manufacturers. Inspection and repair procedures used for metal structures will no longer be adequate here.

21 Space Administration and Space R&D

The German Aerospace Center (DLR) national and international space is where Germany‘s national and flight missions and research projects. international space flight activities The following examples provide a converge. Research work is carried brief overview of successes and events out by the DLR Space Research insti- during the past year in these areas. tutes, whereas policy issues are the remit of the DLR as Space Agency, which is responsible for pursuing national and international space- Space Administration highlights related activities on behalf of the Federal Government of Germany. DLR own research institutes have the task of contributing to scientific, Galileo Testing technological and operational activities. The integrated German space Satellite navigation for road and rail programme combines German partici pation in the European Space Agency In the near future, Germany will be able (ESA) programmes, the EUMETSAT to boast satellite navigation test beds organisation, the national space pro- designed for every type of transport. gramme, the DLR “Space” R&D pro- DLR is funding the establishment of two gramme and additional space related additional Galileo Test and development activities in science and industry. Environments (GATEs). From spring 2012 Through these activities, DLR is in a these will provide facilities for the devel- prominent position to demonstrate opment of novel applications using the its expertise and capabilities in European global navigation satellite sys- collaborations with 22 partners on tem, Galileo, even before it is fully operational. One of the new Galileo test environments is railGATE in Aachen, which will be used for rail transport, the other is automotiveGATE, which is for road transport. RWTH Aachen University is responsible for managing and implementing this project. Both test environments are designed to complement the existing German GATE facilities in the Berchtes- gaden region (Galileo receivers and applications), SEA GATE in Rostock (ship- ping) and aviationGATE in Brunswick (aviation). Each test bed consists of a set of Galileo transmitters (pseudolites), each with its own monitoring and control station that can be used to monitor and configure the signals.

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These two new GATE projects, which come under the funding umbrella of ThermoLab “Galileo above”, were given the official go-ahead by the participating partners Experiment underway on the ISS on 3 July 2009 at a kick-off meeting at the DLR Space Administration in Bonn. 15 October 2009 saw the start of the ThermoLab experiment on board the International Space Station (ISS). Research- ers from the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin medical school will use this experi- eROSITA ment to discover more about how weight lessness affects temperature regulation X-ray telescope launch approval and circulation in humans. To achieve this aim, the experiment uses a novel From 2012, the German x-ray telescope, sensor developed jointly by DLR, Charité eROSITA (extended ROentgen Survey © Tilke GmbH & Co. KG and Drägerwerk of Lübeck. with an Imaging Telescope Array), will begin searching the skies for black holes Aerial view of RWTH Aachen‘s Aldenhoven When astronauts enter weightlessness Testing Center and dark energy using its seven elec- they undergo a redistribution of bodily tronic “eyes”. On 18 August 2009, fluids, such as blood and lymph, from members of the DLR Executive Board the lower to the upper half of the body. and the head of the Russian space This is linked with changes in tempera- agency Roskosmos signed a detailed ture regulation. In order to understand agreement that defines all the organisa- these changes more precisely and to tional and technical constraints relating counteract them, it is important to to the eROSITA mission. measure the temperature of the life- maintaining internal organs (the core eROSITA will be placed in orbit in 2012 temperature). ThermoLab is testing a on board the Russian Spectrum Röntgen new, non-invasive measuring technique Gamma (SRG) satellite, to be launched using a dual sensor. This measures the from Baikonur Cosmodrome. The Ger- flow of heat on the head and at the man x-ray telescope comprises seven in- sternum. The heat flow values are then dividual mirror modules, each containing converted into body core temperatures 54 nested mirror shells, with incident using special mathematical techniques light passing through apertures of al- and, taken in conjunction with cardio- most 36 centimetres to allow the whole vascular data, can be used to evaluate sky to be imaged simultaneously. eR- whether the subject is in a state of OSITA will survey around 100,000 galaxy exhaustion. This means that people clusters to measure radiation from the working in demanding situations – an hot gases that become concentrated at astronaut carrying out an EVA for exam- their centers and is thus visible to its ple – can be monitored to provide an x-ray detectors. The distribution of these early warning so that suitable counter- gases in space and the way in which measures can be implemented. they vary over time are the key to the further analysis. Using the data collected The Space Administration provided financ- it is possible to derive information about ing for this project with funds from the the properties of dark energy, revealing, Federal Ministry of Economics and Tech- for example, if and how its contribution nology (BMWi). Developing and building to the energy density of the universe, the sensor and preparing it for use in which today is a dominant 70 percent, space cost of the order of 400,000 euros. has changed over the course of cosmic evolution.

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data provided by the totally new meas- SMOS Satellite urement technology on board SMOS, it will be possible for the first time to pro- Global survey of soil moisture and vide a full-coverage map of the world ocean salinity showing soil moisture distribution. The measurements will help, for example, in SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) improving forecasts of the likelihood of was launched on its unique mission on 2 extreme events such as flooding and November 2009 from Russia’s Plesetsk predicting how these will progress. Cosmodrome, 800 km north of Moscow. The satellite mission is designed to de- The total cost of the SMOS satellites liver a full-surface survey of soil moisture amounts to 210 million euros, with both and ocean salinity. the French and Spanish space agencies providing additional financial contribu-

©ESA Both parameters are important to under- tions. In addition to funding research standing global water circulation and cli- projects concerned with processing the SMOS satellite in orbit mate change. Information from SMOS data for use, DLR is also financing a will be many times more accurate and German project office for SMOS at meaningful than previous satellite data Universität Hamburg with funds from or point measurements carried out on the Federal Ministry of Economics and the ground and at sea. This in turn means Technology (BMWi). a improved ability to analyse and predict factors such as ocean circulation, water reserves and extreme weather events.

SMOS is the first mission to be specially National Satellite designed to determine salinity at the ocean surface. Salt concentration in sea- Communications Participants at the 2nd national water is one of the most important pa- SatKom conference rameters used in environmental monitor- Conference ing. An unexpectedly rapid decline in salinity in a polar region may be a warn- Expert exchange forum ing that the ice cap is melting more quickly. Beyond serving as an indicator, The future of the satellite communica- salinity is a major driving force underly- tions sector from the German perspec- ing global ocean circulation, upon which tive was the subject of a two-day spe- the nature of the world’s climate heavily cialist conference that took place from depends. If there is any long-term dis- 24 to 25 March 2010 in Bonn. Repre- ruption to the pattern of circulation, sentatives from commercial organisa- then this can have a dramatic impact on tions, ministries and research institutes factors such as regional rainfall, wind joined delegates from the European systems and temperatures. As well as sa- Space Agency (ESA) to discuss ways of linity, SMOS will survey the water con- strengthening German competitiveness tent of the Earth’s surface. Using the in this field. Topics on the table included the economic crisis and its impact on the satellite communications industry and the increasing level of competition from aspiring Asian space nations. This invitation-only event was hosted by the Space Administration. Attracting over 230 guests, participation was significantly up on the first conference two years earlier.

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In his opening address to the conference, behalf of the Federal Government. Cryo- Professor Wörner, Chairman of the DLR Sat-2 is operated under the auspices of Executive Board, emphasised that satellite the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Living communication is one of the key technol- Planet programme, in which Germany is ogies for building a modern communica- the major stakeholder with a financial tion network. Other keynote speeches commitment of 24 percent. The overall focussed on the following topics: the cost of the mission is around 140 million Heinrich Hertz and EDRS satellites; future euros. applications of superconductivity in satellites; and the capabilities of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the field of satellite communications. Com- „First Light“ Launch of CryoSat-2 mercial service providers and the Federal Ministry of Defence (BMVg) also demon- Inaugural observation flight by SOFIA strated which technologies will be important for future satellite communica- The Stratospheric Observatory for Infra- tions applications. In total, the event red Astronomy, a German-American featured nine keynote speeches, 39 spe- partnership, completed its first in-flight cialist presentations and two podium observations of astronomic infrared ob- discussions. jects during the night of 25–26 May 2010. This inaugural observation flight was given the name First Light.

CryoSat-2 The heavily modified Boeing 747SP is fit- © NASA ted with a 2.70 m reflecting telescope, Polar mission launched constructed in Germany under the guid- SOFIA in flight with telescope door open ance of DLR. Take off was on 25 May at Europe’s satellite mission to measure the 21:45 local time from the aircraft’s home ice fields at the North and South poles is base, NASA Dryden Aircraft Operations underway. Launched from Baikonur in Facility in Palmdale, California. During Kazakhstan on 8 April 2010 on board a the eight-hour flight, which reached alti- Russian Dnepr launch vehicle, the Cryo- tudes of up to 11 kilometres, the Sat-2 Earth observation satellite is now 18-strong crew comprising scientists, en- in orbit around the Earth at an altitude gineers and technicians carried out ex- of 717 kilometres. This launch is a partic- tensive tests on the telescope and cap- ularly welcome success, as CryoSat-1, a tured the first infrared images of test practically identical predecessor to the objects in the night sky, such as galaxy recently launched satellite, was lost in M82 and the planet Jupiter, at various 2005 as a result of a launch failure. It infrared wavelengths. took just four years to build the replacement, CryoSat-2, and put it through its This type of data is totally inaccessible paces at the Industrieanlagen-Betrieb- using Earth-bound telescopes and the sgesellschaft (IABG) space test center in current generation of space telescopes. Ottobrunn, Germany. The “three-colour” image of Jupiter shows the heat that escapes through CryoSat-2 will research ice sheets in Ant- gaps in the planet’s cloud layer. Images arctica and Greenland, as well as study captured by the FORCAST instrument sea ice. Researchers are expecting the give a deep-reaching view of the inter- mission to deliver new knowledge about stellar dust cloud and portray several the relationships between global warm- nodes, each of which is host to the birth ing, melting of the polar ice caps and of tens of thousands of stars. changes in oceanic water and air circulation. DLR is facilitating the mission on

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Space Administration: Research and Development Projects TanDEM-X

Radar satellite launched

Germany’s second national observation Franco-German satellite, TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement) was Climate Mission successfully launched on 21 June 2010 from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kaza- Joint climate satellite khstan. Travelling on board a Russian Dnepr launch vehicle, the 1.3 tonne, 5 On behalf of the Federal Government, metre long satellite has now completed the DLR as Space Agency is planning a its journey into orbit. It took just half an joint satellite project with France with hour after launch before first contact the goal of observing the greenhouse was made with the Troll ground station gas methane (CH4). An agreement to in Antarctica. After only 3 days and 14 this effect was signed at the Franco- hours, on 24 June 2010, the satellite German Council of Ministers in Paris on sent its first images from space to Earth. 4 February 2010. This will be the world’s first orbital methane LIDAR mission and Various DLR institutes in Oberpfaffen- will significantly improve our under- hofen are responsible for controlling standing of the global climate. TanDEM-X via an Earth segment, over- seeing the mission, and generating and TanDEM-X dual polarisation image of Methane is of particular significance be- Norwegian fjords using the scientific data. cause, after carbon dioxide, it is the gas that makes the second greatest contribu- The TanDEM-X mission is being imple- tion to global warming. The technologi- mented and financed as a public-private cally and scientifically challenging mission partnership between DLR and Astrium therefore has the potential to play a GmbH with funding from the Federal major role in terms of internationally Ministry of Economics and Technology agreed climate targets. (BMWi). Infoterra GmbH, a subsidiary of Astrium, is responsible for the com- With a substantial contribution from the mercial marketing of TanDEM-X data. DLR Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Astrium GmbH in Friedrichshafen built Germany is developing the measuring in- the satellites and has contributed to the strument that will sit at the heart of the cost of their development and utilisation. satellite, a differential absorption LIDAR In total, the TanDEM-X mission costs are (DiAL) sensor. French space agency CNES 165 million euros. DLR is contributing is providing TanDEM-X dual polarisation 125 Million euros, with European aero- image of Norwegian fjords the base sta- space company Astrium making up the tion and the satellite bus, built on the remaining 40 Million euros. MYRIADE microsatellite platform, which

has been proven in service since 2004. Together with its twin satellite, TerraSAR-X, Predicted overall costs for the mission which has been in space since 2007, the are estimated at 120 million euros, to be second German Earth observation satel- shared equally by Germany and France. lite, TanDEM-X, flies at an altitude of 514 kilometres, from where it will com- The project was officially launched on prehensively measure the complete land 18 May 2010 at a kick-off event at the surface of the Earth – all 150 million DLR Space Administration in Bonn, and square kilometres – many times. Cur- by June, the Franco-German scientific rently, altitude models for large parts of advisory group had already held their the Earth remain imprecise, inconsistent first meeting in Paris. or incomplete.

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The gaps in the data will be filled in by the TandDEM-X mission, which will cap- Mars-500 ture 3D digital mapping of the global landmasses in previously unheard of Simulated flight to Mars quality. To capture the data, TanDEM-X and TerraSAR-X fly in tight formation, On 3 June 2010, six “astronauts” set separated by just a few hundred meters, off on a virtual journey to Mars. Over thus forming the first ever synthetic ap- 520 days they will experience the hard- erture radar (SAR) interferometer of this ship and isolation of an extended space type to operate in space. flight, living in extremely cramped conditions in a sealed container at the In- stitute of Biomedical Problems (IBMP) in Mars exhibition in Kobe Moscow. This represents the main por- Mars Exhibition tion of the Mars-500 mission and will Presentation in Kobe be the longest space simulation carried out to date. Scientists at the DLR Insti- DLR held a Mars exhibition from 17 De- tute of Aerospace Medicine and other cember 2009 to 31 January 2010 as a German research establishments, such guest of the Kobe Science Museum in as teaching hospital Berliner Charité and Japan. On show were fascinating, large- the universities of Erlangen, Munich, format 3D images of Mars in super high Mainz, Bonn and Cologne have all con- resolution taken by the German High tributed experiments to the project. Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) carried on board the European space probe, The experiment simulates a journey to Mars Express. The exhibition was en- Mars. For the virtual outwards trip, the hanced by the diverse information pre- “astronauts” require 250 days, 30 days sented about Mars, its moon and the re- are then assigned to “visit” the planet, search into the Red Planet. after which the crew must complete a 240 day return journey. As with its 105 Mars Express is Europe’s first independ- day long predecessor study, carried out ently executed mission to another planet. in 2009, the experiment is taking place Since Christmas 2003, the Mars Express in a special test facility at IMBP in Moscow. orbiter has been circling Earth’s outer Apart from weightlessness and radia- neighbour to discover new knowledge tion, the simulated conditions are all about its geology, mineralogy and atmos- as close as possible to those found in phere. The two main goals of the mission space. The crew experiences isolation, are the search for signs of water, which receives the same provisions as on an © ESA must have flowed in great quantities extended mission and must deal with emergency situations of the kind that The Mars-500 „astronauts“ just before the across the surface of Mars in its early his- start of the experiment tory, and the global mapping of the could occur on a real flight to Mars. planet with regard to its topography and mineralogy. Researchers from the DLR In- stitute of Planetary Research, the Freie Universität Berlin and other research establishments in Germany are all making major contributions to this work. The exhibition has already attracted half a million visitors in Germany, Austria, Japan and the United States.

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Highlights from DLR Research and robotics. This initiative is being sup- Development Division ported by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) and the state of Bavaria. Robotics and Mechatronics Center New Navigation ESA Reference Laboratory Signals

DLR and the European Space Agency First analysis of next generation GPS (ESA) concluded an agreement at the ILA Berlin Air Show 2010 that will see Researchers at the German Aerospace 30-metre parabolic antenna at DLR the new DLR Robotics and Mechatronics Center (DLR) have used the 30-metre Weilheim Center (RMC) serve as a reference labo- antenna at the German Space Opera- ratory for ESA. This is a good example tions Center in Weilheim to receive and of how DLR and ESA are continuing their analyse signals from the first in the new successful ongoing partnership of 20 generation of GPS satellites, known as IIF. years. The aim of this collaboration is to establish an extensive network of inter- The satellite has been in space since 27 national partners in the field of robotics May 2010 and is initially sending a signal and mechatronics, making best use of in the L5 frequency band, the third civil- synergies between the partners and fur- ian frequency band, which should make ther expanding expertise in this field to the navigation service even more reliable ensure that it is fit for the future. Where and accurate. DLR has capabilities that possible, activities will be carried out at are unique in the world for investigating the RMC in Oberpfaffenhofen. The signa- signals of this type – knowledge and ex- tories to the contract were Prof. Wörner, pertise that in future will make it possi- Chairman of the DLR Executive Board, ble to fine-tune and correct the satellites. and Jean-Jacques Dordain, Director General of ESA. In future, the L5 signal will play a central role in satellite navigation, particularly Born out of the DLR Institute of Robotics safety critical navigation in aviation. and Mechatronics, the Robotics and Me- Overall the L5 signal is the third civilian chatronics Center will comprise several signal to be transmitted from GPS satel- establishments and institutes working in lites, and the second to be in a fre- the subject areas of robotics, mecha quency band that is approved for avia- tronics, system dynamics, control tech- tion. Like the standard L1 signal, this one nology and optical information systems. lies in a frequency band that is protected The goal of this new center is to further for aviation use. Used together, the two cement and build on Germany’s existing signals can be processed in such a way position as a world leader in the field of as to cancel out the undesirable propagation error caused by the ionosphere. The ionosphere is an atmospheric layer that starts at an altitude of about 80 kilometres and contains large quantities of ions and free electrons. Radio signals, even those in the higher frequency

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bands used for transmissions by GPS satellites, are delayed as they pass through Cryobrines this layer, which in turn leads to spatial errors during position determination. Liquid salt solutions and life on Mars

Thanks to the availability of signals in Are there salt solutions on Mars that re- two different frequency bands, these tain their liquid form even at extremely errors can be corrected to make posi- low temperatures, so-called cryobrines? tioning more precise and more reliable. Theoretically yes, according to the results Twelve next-generation IIF satellites will of research at DLR. Experiments and be placed in orbit over the next two or simulation models have shown that the three years. necessary conditions do exist on Mars, particularly at high latitudes during the Signals from these navigation satellites northern summer. will be beamed to Earth from an altitude of over 20,000 kilometres using no The research was initiated as a result of Lightly coloured areas on the slopes of Mars more power than a conventional light knowledge gained from NASA’s Phoenix bulb. On arrival at the planet’s surface mission to Mars. In 2009 researchers the signal level is so low that it effec- used images of droplets of brine on the tively disappears in thermal noise. How- Phoenix probe to demonstrate that cryo- ever, using a special code, it is possible brines could exist on Mars. Because liq- for GPS navigation receivers to detect uid water is not present on the surface the signals, correlate them out of the of Mars, it is possible that cryobrines, noise and amplify them. being a fluid medium, could be able to support life there. These liquid solutions With the 30-metre antenna at DLR loca- could be responsible for flow processes, tion Weilheim, researchers are able to also known as rheological processes, on identify the signals within the noise with- the surface of Mars. In the context of out the need to filter them out using the possible biological processes they could code. This antenna has signal amplifica- also provide a transport mechanism for tion factor of 150,000 and has the abil- nutrients and waste. ity, if directed at a single satellite, to lift the signal out significantly above the These are all processes that are other- noise. This allows researchers to conduct wise only ascribed to water. If life were analyses that would not be possible possible in this periodically liquid brine, using a conventional navigation receiver. then the definition of habitability would In order to do this it is necessary to carry have to be expanded. Pure water would out laborious calibration of the equip- then no longer be the sole prerequisite ment and extensive post-processing on for the formation of life. the measurements. This expertise, nur- tured within the DLR, will also be drawn upon in cooperation with the European Space Agency (ESA) for verification and optimisation of the navigation signals from the European satellite navigation system, Galileo. Additional joint measurements and analyses will be carried out within the framework of an international cooperation with Stanford Univer- sity.

29 Annual Report > Space Administration and Space R&D

Diffusion Laboratory Space Weather

Molten material design Neustrelitz Information and Data Centre On 18 December 2009, the completion of commissioning of the new diffusion On 2 September in Neustrelitz the first laboratory marked the starting point for data was received from the US Ad- a series of innovative experiments on vanced Composition Explorer satellite. board the International Space Station. This event marked the start of Europe’s Understanding the basic process of atomic participation in an international space diffusion in molten materials is one of weather observation system. Intended Process chamber high-temperature insert the keys to modelling how materials so- as a long-running service, the space lidify. Through application of novel tech- weather service will supply operators nologies for x-ray radiography, it is possi- and users of modern telecommunica- ble to observe the entire diffusion process tions, navigation and remote sensing in situ, from melting, through diffusion systems with important correctional in- annealing to solidification. With the formation and warnings of disturbances. Materials Science Laboratory carried on Operating under the leadership of the board the International Space Station National Oceanic and Atmospheric it is possible to carry out experiments Administration, the DLR receiver station under well-defined test conditions with- is the only one in Europe. Additional out any disturbance from convection ef- receiver stations are located in the USA fects. Constructed in a modular fashion, and Japan. the design of the laboratory allows astronauts to swap between different Space weather is determined on the Magnetic field lines around the Sun experiment inserts. The experiments in basis of complex solar processes, which both inserts will provide a new basis for approximately follow an 11-year cycle. our knowledge of fluid dynamics and Currently we are in a period of minimum the way in which molten alloys solidify, solar activity. Increased solar activity may as well as provide a giant leap forward cause substantial disruption to the infra- in the design of materials from the mol- structure of our highly technologised so- ten state. ciety. Radio traffic is just as susceptible as the accuracy and reliability of navigation systems. The only way of providing timely warning of the possible hazards associated with the effects of space weather on satellite-based information and navigation systems is to use sophis- ticated observation and forecasting technology.

30 Annual Report > Space Administration and Space R&D

Outlook Space Administration: Revenues and funding budget in million euros 2009 2010 2011 For Germany, space involves research actual target target and development that directly benefits Third-party funding 23.3 25.4 26.7 people while at the same time being (Management for Federal Ministries) our inspiration for the future. The major National programme (incl. proporti- challenges facing humankind, such as 231 243 242 onate management for BMWi) globalisation, climate change, scarce resources and civil security, call for sustain- ESA (total incl. BMVBS etc.) 648 642 713 able solutions. Space plays a crucial role in this respect. Space Research: Revenues in million euros Space also means pushing forward re- 2009 2010 2011 search to a completely new level. Space actual target target profoundly affects our vision of the Earth and the world beyond our planet. Basic funding 169 152 157 How did the cosmos come into being? Third-party financing 146 162 132 Does life exist outside Earth? How does the space environment affect processes Total revenues 315 314 289 in the life sciences and materials science? These are all questions that affect people. Space offers unique new technical Anticipated revenues for 2010 ways of answering these questions. Overall total 314 million euros All ﬁgures in million euros In the Helmholtz space programme, potential space applications are developed, work is carried out on technical solutions Space ﬂight Technology of and specific scientific and application- 96 Space Systems related missions are prepared. All this 46 happens in conjunction with partners from industry, research bodies, universities and government agencies and Research under Research authorities, acting as a central link be- Space Conditions 20 20 in Space tween all the key players involved in space and taking projects from an idea to executing an application in space. 35 Communication 96 Earth Observation and navigation

31 Transport

The transport sector is a major corner stone of our industry-oriented society. Electromobility It satisfies individual needs for mobility, generates employment, and rep- Quiet and sustainable on the move resents a substantial proportion of value added in the economy. How- After 100 years of history in the devel- ever, transport also has undesirable opment of the internal combustion en- effects. Noise and exhaust emissions gine, there are signs that electromobility harm humans and the environment, has put us on the cusp of a new era of countless people become the victims transport technology and systems. In of accidents. These conflicting aspects order to gain greater acceptance of the have led to the necessity for inten- limited range compared to conventional sive debate and action on the prob- vehicles, something that will remain a lems associated with the transport factor in the foreseeable future, and the sector. The Transport programme at increased time taken to „fill up“, it is not DLR aims to live up to this challenge. sufficient to focus solely on developing Our aim is to help shape a modern vehicle technology and special infra- transport system that is sustainable structure for electromobility. Rather, over the long-term, both economi- there must be comprehensive, systemic cally and in terms of its social and research that considers both technical ecological impact. On the following improvements to vehicles and the im- pages, we will present a small selec- proved, intensified integration of electri- tion from the diverse results of our cal vehicles into both the transport and research work during the period energy sectors. This research must look 2009–2010. beyond vehicles and vehicle technologies to the world of transport in general, taking into account everything from demand for transport, through multi-modal transport management, to electricity and hydrogen generation and the means by which these are transported and stored. It will also be necessary to conduct an economic system analysis considering all relevant factors. DLR possesses a high level of systems expertise, a unique breadth of knowledge and many years of experience gained through close collaboration between energy and transport researchers.

In the field of novel vehicle structures, for example, work is being done to develop vehicle concepts optimised for electric power trains. This innovative approach takes into account both specific requirements, such as safety, weight reduction and driving dynamics, as well as new opportunities, for example replacing the mechanical power train with drive-by-wire technologies.

32 Annual Report > Transport

In parallel to this, researchers are also this new approach takes into considera- developing: safe, modular energy stor- tion all major factors that contribute age systems; hydrogen plants; efficient, towards accidents, such as road works, environmentally friendly range extend- operational aspects as well as traffic ers; and an optimised integral energy psychology aspects. management system. Current research work in the field of transport systems in- To arrive at this point, the researchers cludes the following: current and future initially investigated accident factors transport demand trends; user behaviour using accident and load profiles. While and acceptance; utilisation models; the using the DLR ViewCar more in depth effects of electromobility on traffic flow; analyses were also carried out in order to and urban mobility concepts. By investi- identify the impact of human behaviour gating the environmental impact of on specific accident situations. The safety Free-piston linear generator transport and performing comparative profile created shows that not only the evaluations of different technologies, specific safety levels of individual sections the DLR is also active in paving the way of a motorway could be quantified, but for a system analysis that integrates the also starting points for targeted improve- transport and energy sectors. ments could be identified. A comprehensive catalogue was produced detailing recommended measures for different Motorway motorway sections, with the aim of reducing the risk of accidents and thereby Accidents improving safety. Examples of these measures include the targeted introduc- Deduce measures, arrive safe tion of dynamic traffic management sys- The DLR ViewCar tems for variable speed limits in wet con- What causes serious traffic accidents ditions, banning overtaking for lorries on the motorway? How can these be and on slip roads, use of profiled edge avoided? These are questions that DLR markings and increased adoption of has been concerned with in a study car- driver assistance systems. ried out for the state of Lower Saxony. Close to 9,000 accidents were investigated, all of which took place between 2005 and 2008 on the section of the A2 motorway that passes through Lower Saxony. This important east-west connection in northern Germany is not only heavily travelled, but also suffers a high number of accidents. According to the study, the regions around the conurba- tions of Brunswick and Hannover are particular accident black spots. Frequent triggers for both rear-end collisions and lane-change accidents were drivers not keeping their distance, unequal speeds and wet conditions. In cooperation with universities, DLR researchers developed an interdisciplinary method to establish a profile that allows tangible measures to be derived to allow safety on the motorway to be increased. For the first time,

33 Annual Report > Transport

struction to be used for both the traction Next Generation units and the intermediate carriages have already been defined. The carriage Train bodies will be built on metal structures, which will be fitted with synthetic mate- En route to the future rial infills in different ways according to the load. As much functionality as possi- The demand for long-distance rail trans- ble will be integrated into the carriage port is growing around the world. This body structure, in order to make best demand is founded on both a general possible use of the restricted internal increase in the demand for transport volume available due to the railway and the desire to replace short-haul loading gauge. The largest components flights with high-speed rail transport. are the torque-controlled single-wheel- Much faster, but more energy efficient, single-wheelset running gears. In terms A proposed design for the NGT high-speed quieter and more comfortable than the of diversity, the most extensive amal rail carriage structure ICE3 train – these are the requirements gamation of features is to be found in on which the DLR is basing its concept the interior. for the Next Generation Train (NGT). To complete Concept Phase I, a power train as well as a braking concept was included in the train set concept. A high AIM degree of operational flexibility is guaranteed because of the single wagon On the move with Brunswick principle. This supports simple maintenance and easy replacement of faulty DLR, in collaboration with the state of wagons. Moreover, this system allows Lower Saxony, the city of Brunswick and the possibility of dynamically coupling other partners, is building up the Appli- and decoupling on-the-fly. cation Platform for Intelligent Mobility Brunswick city, including the surrounding (AIM) AIM uses the entire region and its region, is being used as a laboratory for The innovative NGT power train concept real traffic infrastructure as an open and transport and mobility research proposes contactless power pick-up flexible platform for the latest mobility from the tracks. Approximately 70% of applications. From 2010 onwards this drive power will be supplied by the trac- will provide a unique real-world oppor- tion units, with the remainder contrib- tunity for networking research, develop- uted by hub motors mounted on single- ment and applications for intelligent wheel-single-wheelset running gears. transport and mobility services. AIM in- This results in above average acceleration tegrates and utilises the transport envi- of the train set. To decelerate the train, ronment of the city and region of Bruns- driver assistance systems will be used for wick. Around one million inhabitants are an energy efficient freewheeling. If this supplying important information for re- is not sufficient, then at high speeds aer- search into future mobility through their odynamic and recuperative braking will mobility behaviour, whether they are be used. At low speed magnetic brakes using a car, bus, tram, train or bicycle. and finally mechanical brakes are used. AIM also incorporates special test routes The joining technology and types of con- and is using high performance equipment to simulate various aspects of mobility, from the smallest detail to the large-scale.

34 Annual Report > Transport

The combination of financial and techni- without relying on safety equipment in- cal resources brought together by AIM stalled along the route. Instead, the sys- allows a broad range of methods and tem utilises the latest in communications technologies to be applied, reducing both and sensor technologies, which allow di- lead times and investment costs. Thanks rect communication from train to train. to AIM, DLR researchers, together with As soon as they come within range of their scientific, research, development each other, the trains begin to exchange and industrial partners, can now model information on position, speed, planned and systematically investigate a previously route and loading gauge. When the unapproachable diversity of intelligent system detects that there is a threat of mobility services – both multi-modal and impact, a warning is given to the train mode specific. The overriding goals of drivers and possible solutions are also the project are to increase safety for all suggested. parties involved in transport, to achieve efficient traffic flows and to conserve RCAS is primarily intended for use on resources. Five major focus areas are tar- lines and in situations where no safety geted by AIM: traffic flow optimisation; systems currently exist, for example on Test-train (Integral class) fitted with RCAS technology inter-modal mobility; future mobility con- lines with very low traffic, dedicated in- cepts; mobility awareness; and introduc- dustrial railways, construction sites and tion to market and migration, in other shunting yards. It is in no way intended words the process of successively intro- to replace the universal European Train ducing new systems to the market and Control System, ETCS. RCAS is typically replacing existing ones. As an open and an add-on system – train control and flexible research platform, AIM is de- safety systems already successfully pre- signed for longevity and sustainability. vent collisions. As such, RCAS can be The Helmholtz Association has allocated used as a safety overlay to improve 8.7 million euros for setting up AIM. In safety in those situations where conven- addition to this, the state of Lower Sax- tional safety equipment is not used. ony is providing 6.5 million euros in start-up funding.

Train-to-train Collision Warning System

Improved safety on secondary lines

Trains are considered to be a safe means of transport. Nonetheless, collisions do still occur. RCAS (Railway Collision Avoidance System) is a novel system developed by DLR researchers that aims to avoid accidents on the railways. The system functionality was demonstrated for the first time at the Siemens test centre in Wegberg-Wildenrath. This new system avoids collisions between trains

35 Annual Report > Transport

Total Airport Man- comfortable and environmentally friendly. In addition to all this, significant CO2 savings can be achieved by minimising agement Suite waiting times for aircraft with running engines and reducing the overall amount Act cooperative, improve efficiency of groundside vehicular traffic to a minimum. The total cost of the project, which Currently airport operators, airlines, au- involves Siemens, Inform, Barco, Atrics thorities, air traffic control and security and Stuttgart Airport, amounts to 30 providers harmonise their activities at million euros, with DLR contributing the airport mostly in a suboptimal man- around 7 million euros of research ner. The various parties optimise their funding own areas of responsibility, however this very often happens without any knowledge or consideration of how this affects other stakeholders at the airport. Disaster This often results in higher costs for the parties involved and increased journey times for passengers. Total Airport Man- Management Tool agement Suite (TAMS) is being funded A tool for the worst-case scenario Total Airport Management Suite – working by the Federal Ministry of Economics together for improved efficiency and Technology (BMWi) as a flagship A Disaster Management Tool (DMT) has project until 2011. Working in collabora- been developed as part of the European tion with leading industry players, DLR is LIMES project, supported jointly by the making an important step forward to a DLR Transport and Space research pro- new type of airport management system grammes. This tool integrates satellite that supports decision makers in taking navigation, satellite communication and a wider view in their approach to fulfill- the latest mapping data from satellite- ing their coordination and management based Earth observation systems to cre- roles. TAMS treats the airport as an inte- ate a portable, robust and functional in- grated system comprising every process formation and communication tool for and corresponding interaction that re- use in the field by international disaster lates to clearing passengers, baggage, response teams. The DMT was devel- air freight and aircraft, regardless of oped working closely with experts from whether these are landside or airside. the Monitoring and Information Centre TAMS will create increased transparency (MIC), operated by the European Com- and efficiency in airport operations. Be- mission, who are responsible for provid- yond this, airports will become more ing assistance to international relief ef- flexible with regard to changing demand forts. To ensure that the tool was geared for air transport. Passengers will enjoy to the needs of aid workers and system- journeys that are more punctual, reliable, atically optimised to meet the demands of work in the field, the developers participated in several international disaster control exercises.

The EU experts rated the DMT technology as being already sufficiently mature that it should be deployed the next time an international disaster response is un- dertaken. For this purpose, the EU is providing training in the use of the tool. DMT in action at an inter Beyond that, there are concrete plans of national disaster control exercise in Cyprus the EU to recommend the use or adapta-

36 Annual Report > Transport

tion of the DMT for deployment by the basis, simulations were performed to es- United Nations Disaster Assessment and tablish possible future trends in the con- Coordination organisation. The DMT and tributions to climate change made by the expertise that it represents also have transport up to 2100. The project, which a major role to play at DLR in the con- saw the participation of 41 international text of developing a specialised transport partners, concluded at the end of Febru- management system for major events and ary 2010. disasters. This system will facilitate both interactive communication between re- Because its expertise extends to every sponse teams in the field and communi- mode of transport, DLR was a major cation between response teams and the contributor to the success of QUANTIFY. control center. In turn, this will mean the For example, the FALCON research air- deployment of rescue teams and the craft was deployed to measure the com- evacuation of victims can be managed position and dispersion of exhaust gases more effectively and efficiently. from large ships. Such measurements

were needed because non-CO2-related effects (e.g. ozone production due to nitrogen oxide emissions, vapour trails Tangible Climate from aircraft, ship-induced cloud formation) are particularly significant in the The DLR FALCON research aircraft, measuring case of transport emissions. The impact Change dispersion of exhaust emissions from a con- of this type of effect in terms of climate tainer ship

Who, what, where, how much? change differs significantly that of CO2 emissions, which DLR was able to dem- Transport is already a major contributor onstrate using a simulated global climate to global climate change today. Fore- model. casts predict further increases in traffic volumes and the associated detrimental effects on the environment. Coordinated by the DLR since 2005, the European Union’s QUANTIFY project conducted experiments and ran numerical simulations to quantify the contribution made by various forms of transport to climate change. Researchers examined the entire process chain, from the emissions source (gas and particulates), through local dispersion of emissions and regional and global changes in the composition of the atmosphere (including clouds), to actual climate change. In addition to this, the project also evaluated the contributions made to radiative forcing, which al- lowed a direct, quantitative comparison to be made between the various contrib- utors to global warming. Taking IPCC consistent scenarios (IPCC = Intergovern- mental Panel on Climate Change) as a

37 Erwartete Erträge für das Jahr 2010

Gesamtsumme 43 Mio. Euro Alle Angaben in Mio. Euro

Verkehrsmanagement 14

8 Verkehrssysteme

Bodengebundener Verkehr Annual Report > Transport 21

Anticipated revenues for 2010 The Transport programme focuses on Outlook addressing the problem areas described Overall total 43 million euros above and is oriented towards solving Traffic jams with a combined length of definite problems. By matching innova- Trafﬁc management 7,500 kilometres disrupt traffic daily on tive ideas and specific expertises of our the major roads of Europe. European rail transport researchers with existing skills transport is pushing at the limits of its 14 based in the fields of aviation, space and capacity on 16,000 kilometres of the energy we are able to exploit synergies network. Capacity bottlenecks, holdings and develop novel solutions. It is pre- and delays are commonplace in aviation. cisely this focus on symbiotic relations, European transport routes guarantee which is unique within Germany, com- everything but an unhindered journey, bined with the use of innovative high resulting in great expense for the econ- technology that ensures our problem- omy. But that’s not all. Noise and ex- 21 oriented research delivers results for the 8 haust emissions from motor powered ve- transport sector. We tend to concentrate hicles have a detrimental effect on the primarily on issues that require large- quality of life in urban agglomerations, scale research for which system exper- Transport systems as they do in other areas of heavy traffic, tise and an interdisciplinary approach are and hardly anyone doubts the negative indispensable. In combination with the Terrestrial effects on the climate any more. And, Vehicles extensive capabilities within the DLR for despite significant reductions in recent building and operating large-scale plants, All ﬁgures in million euros years, more than 35,000 people still die this creates genuine added value for each year on Europe’s roads, with count- transport research in Germany. Our re- less more injured. search focuses on road and rail vehicles, traffic management as well as on trans- These significant problems in the transport development and its environmental port sector are the result of a noticeable impacts. Because of the multi-modal increase in passenger as well as freight alignment of our organisation, the per- transport, a pattern of increase that has meability of our research focus areas, been observed for decades now. As a and the integration of all relevant inter- transit country, Germany in particular is nal players at the DLR, the Transport di- faced with the prospect of significantly vision is well placed to tackle systemic increasing traffic in future too. This will challenges, such as electromobility and only serve to further exacerbate the prob- urban mobility. lems that exist today, as there appears to be little opportunity from either an eco- The majority of transport needs are met nomic or ecological perspective to ex- with terrestrial vehicles, particularly road tend the transport network sufficiently vehicles, and this is a situation that is not to meet demand. Rapid, reliable and going to change in the foreseeable fu- safe transport connections are, however, ture. The same applies to the major chal- a necessary prerequisite for stimulating lenges associated with this situation, economic growth and job creation. Mo- such as reducing energy consumption, bility without bottlenecks is, on the one noise emissions, CO2, particulates and hand, a matter of economic concern to pollutants, increasing the use of alterna- industry. It is also, however, an expres- tive power trains and improving safety sion of individual desire that is character- and comfort. In developing the corre- istic for the lifestyle enjoyed by modern sponding solutions we give considera- society. tion to both road and rail transport, making use of the synergies that result.

38 Annual Report > Transport

In terms of road vehicles we focus on Transport: Revenues in million euros vehicle energy systems, novel vehicle 2009 2010 2011 structures and assistance systems for actual planned planned traffic participants. Our work in the rail sector is aimed at increasing performance, Basic funding 37 30 32 safety and reliability, as well as energy efficiency and comfort. The increasing Third-party financing 11 13 14 demand for transport and the strain Total revenues 48 43 46 placed on infrastructures form the basis for the key challenges in traffic management: ensuring mobility whilst protecting the environment and conserving re- haviour serve as inputs into models of sources. passenger and commercial transport and allow the effects of measures taken to Our goal is therefore to use innovative be evaluated. In addition to simulating approaches for traffic management to the cause and effect relationships in improve the effectiveness and efficiency passenger and commercial transport, with which resources are used, while at we also bring together new and existing the same time reducing the burden on data for the purpose of analysing and the environment. We consider road, rail evaluating the transport system at the and sea transport, plus airports in their regional, national and global scales. role as transport hubs. As well as looking at transport specific issues, we also Our goals also include predicting traffic take inter-modal aspects into account. noise and evaluating its effect on human Our research into traffic management is beings, developing geographically dis- specifically relevant to traffic manage- tributed emissions inventories and emis- ment during major events and disasters. sions scenarios, and evaluating traffic In this respect we develop solutions to emissions with regard to their impact on support the police and emergency re- the climate. We will identify innovative sponse teams. Beyond this we also hope ways to implement a sustainable trans- to make it possible to take an integrated port system and to evaluate new vehicle approach to transport development and concepts. We are also concerned with environmental impact. To achieve this it the question of how efficient multi-mo- is necessary to close the existing gaps in dal travel behaviour can be supported by the process chain as a whole, from the suitable information and how potential origins of a transport concept, through traffic control measures can be evalu- its development, to its final impact, and ated through use of traffic information. to make this whole chain predictable. By bringing together different, mutually complementary transport and environ- The primary goal is to deepen our empir- mental models we are able to provide ical analytical understanding of the ori- forecasts at local, regional and global gins of transport issues in passenger and level as well. commercial transport. In doing so, greater attention is paid to individual attitudes, preferences and lifestyles, alongside the traditional observation of external factors that do not take human nature into account. The results and data from the analysis of transport-related human be-

39 Energy

Energy conversion and energy use play a key role in virtually all techni- DESERTEC cal systems. The efficient handling of energy is therefore an important Solar power from the desert aspect of all of DLR fields of activity. For example, DLR optimises the energy The scientific basis for the DESERTEC efficiency of power plants, aircraft Industrial Initiative, founded in October and vehicles, while efficient power 2009, was provided by the DLR Institute supply is also of the utmost impor- of Technical Thermodynamics in Stutt- tance for space applications. Energy gart. The DESERTEC plans are based on research at DLR is dedicated specifi- three DLR studies that determine the cally to efficient and environmentally potentials of renewable energies for the friendly energy supply, and concen- sustainable production of electricity and trates its activities on stationary appli drinking water in 50 countries in Europe, cations for the provision of electricity North Africa and the Middle East, with and heat at economically relevant particular consideration given to the op- scales. In this work, the Energy pro- tion of solar thermal power plants. These gramme benefits from a wide range studies showed that solar thermal power of synergies with the competences plants covering an area of less than 0.3% provided by DLR other fields of activ- of the desert area of North Africa could ity, and also shares the use of test produce enough electricity and desali- facilities. nated water to meet the increasing needs of these countries and export solar power to Europe.

The MED-CSP (Concentrating Solar Power) study focuses mainly on sustainable power supply in the Mediterranean area. TRANS-CSP describes the restructuring required in Europe to create a sustainable electricity supply on the basis of local and imported energy sources such as solar power from the Sahara. The results gave rise to a further project to examine and model energy supply corridors in Europe, called REACCESS, which for the first time took solar power imports into account as a possible option for the future.

AQUA-CSP provided a concept for sustainable drinking water supply for the countries of North Africa and the Middle East. This project resulted in a further examination of five specific locations in

40 Annual Report > Energy

the Mediterranean region that would be suitable for implementing solar thermal power plants for combined power generation and seawater desalination (MED- CSD), which in turn led to two demonstration projects for power plants of this type, one on the Atlantic coast of Mo- rocco as part of the Union for the Medi- terranean, the other on the coast of the Red Sea in Egypt, both supported by the respective governments of those countries and the European Union.

Increased Fuel Flexibility for Combined Power

Plants Map of possible corridors for solar energy imports from the Sahara superimposed on a map of solar energy resources in the Mediterranean area (source: REACCESS 2009) Option for CO2-free operation

In this project, the DLR Institute of Com- (natural gas, syngases). Measurements bustion Technology conducted the first on auto-ignition at the new reheat com- examination worldwide of a reheat combustor test rig have already shown that bustor with optical access using laser a low proportion of natural gas in hydro- and high-speed measuring equipment at gen of approximately 4% by volume can the high-pressure combustion test rig prevent auto-ignition in the mixing sec- HBK-S. The reheat combustion concept tion. used by ALSTOM in its largest gas turbine family for power plants features two sequential combustion chambers with an intermediate expansion stage in a single turbine, achieving greater overall efficiency compared to the conventional gas turbine process. The aim of the experiments carried out at HBK-S is to examine the auto-ignition and mixing of hydrogen-rich flammable gases (syngases) under typical conditions in a reheat combustor (high pressure, high temperature, fuel injection in exhaust gas). Such gases can be won for example by gasifying coal, wood, biomass or Preparations for laser measurements through solar processes. The experimen- at HBK-S tal results deliver the basis from which design rules can be derived for developing a fuel-flexible reheat combustor that can be operated safely, reliably, and with low emissions using very different fuels

41 Annual Report > Energy

Hybrid Power Plant Numerical Design

Combining gas turbines with Design tool for compressors fuel cells In recent years the DLR Institute of Pro- In this project, which aims to couple a pulsion Technology has developed the high-temperature SOFC (solid oxide fuel technology and expertise to design mod- cell) operating at high pressure with a ern, especially efficient high-performance gas turbine, the test rig for characteris- compressors. These include the high-pre- ing SOFC at increased pressures was set cision simulation tool TRACE, which is up and taken into operation. SOFC be- used industrially, the extremely efficient haviour under increased pressure cannot optimisation system AUTOOPTI, and a be derived directly from its behaviour fully integrated compressor design sys- under atmospheric conditions due to the tem. In the last two years, this design complexity and interdependencies of system was successfully used to redesign processes within the SOFC. The use of a performance-enhanced gas turbine for data acquired in high-pressure operation use in the fossil fuel power plants of a is not an option, as to date only a small large international power plant manu- number of research institutions and facturer. Aerodynamics and mechanical companies worldwide conduct the cor- strength of the compressor blading were First operation of test rig to characterise responding analyses, and these institu- designed in close cooperation with the SOFC under increased pressure: operation tions do not publish their data. The test DLR Institute of Structures and Design; under increased pressure (1-8 bar) rig was planned and built in the years the work was completed in early 2010. Focus: electrochemistry at increased pressure/ operation of SOFC under increased pressure 2008/2009. Similarly to other test rigs, The project succeeded in achieving or at system-relevant conditions it permits measurements of V(i) charac- even surpassing its ambitious aerody- teristics and impedance spectra, how- namic design objectives in all points, in ever at increased pressure. In addition, particular by drawing on previous experi- anode and cathode gases are analysed ence in the field of automated optimisa- at the in- and output. Complex and pre- tion of three-dimensional compressor cise pressure regulation allows differen- blading. This involved developing for tial pressures between anode and cath- the first time an optimisation strategy ode environment of between 10 and to take into account both the base load 500 mbar to be applied at an absolute operating point and several especially pressure of up to 8 bar. The increase in important partial load points, particu- pressure results in an increased output larly in order to maximise performance in the range of 30%. at extreme underfrequencies and under unfavourable environmental conditions. It is to be expected that compared to the previous design the resulting product will set new standards in terms of efficiency at base load operation and stability under partial load.

42 Annual Report > Energy

nology); in addition, several pieces of ex- SOLHYCO perimental equipment are intended for the two involved institutes. A joint pro- Solar micro gas turbine posal for the planned activities in the field of energy-related ceramics research A solar hybrid micro gas turbine system has been submitted with the participa- was built and taken into operation on tion of industry and academic partners Plataforma Solar de Almería CESA-1 solar as part of the NRW competition “Mikro- tower. In the SOLHYCO project, which Nano&Materials”; the preliminary project was carried out jointly with 10 project outline has already been positively as- partners and financially supported by sessed. the EU, an innovative solar receiver based Mach number distribution of the newly on metal tube technology was devel- designed compressor blading (red: high oped at DLR and combined with a micro Mach number, blue: low Mach number) gas turbine (100 kW). After taking the system into operation with fossil fuels, TEG 400 solar tests have now begun with the aim Transforming waste heat into energy of demonstrating cost-efficient energy generation by means of concentrated On the “TEG 400” project, the DLR Insti- solar radiation for the application area tute of Materials Research is working on of decentralised cogeneration units and developing a technology for thermoelec- solar cooling for industrial applications. tric generators that are to be usable at The solar receiver test allows further temperatures of up to approximately insights into the potential of the innova- 400°C. Currently, state-of-the-art tech- tive technology of profiled multilayer nology permits utilisation temperatures of tubes, which is currently being devel- approximately 250°C. New areas of appli- oped at DLR. cation at which the current development is aimed are grid-independent heating systems and the transformation of un- used waste heat in vehicles into electrical CeraStorE energy. There is significant interest in this technology on the part of industry, result- Competence Center for Energy ing in intensive cooperation. In the longer Research term, the project is already proposing to develop materials that can be used at up At its Cologne site, DLR is establishing to 500°C. a connection of two key areas that in this combination will provide DLR with a unique position in energy research: ceramic materials in energy research and thermal storage technologies. In order to utilise and emphasise the synergies between these two key areas, the two subjects will be brought together in a new competence center. A new building for this competence center will be financed largely with funds from the Economic Stimulus Package II of the state of North-Rhine Westphalia (Ministry of In- novation, Science, Research and Tech-

43 Annual Report > Energy

drocarbon mixtures for example with Modelling methane or ethane at high pressures Combustion was predicted to occur far too early. Processes Outlook

Exact understanding of chemical The foreseeable shortage of affordable reactions fossil fuels and the clearly apparent environmental effects of their use are creat- By calculating previously unknown reac- ing significant pressure on policymakers tion rates, an important contribution and industry to adopt new and innova- was made to modelling combustion tive technical solutions. The speed of in- processes with syngas (H2, CO), for ex- novation must therefore be significantly ample from biomass, and at low temper- increased in the energy industry and in atures in atmospheric chemistry. For this energy research. Despite the successes purpose the rate of a key elementary of the Federal Government, considerable reaction was for the first time predicted further efforts and additional resources using methods of theoretical reaction will be required here. kinetics. Three overriding objectives must be pur- Chemical reactions involving highly reac- sued: tive gases or substances can often not be experimentally examined at combus- the demand for energy must be drasti- tion-relevant temperatures, as a result of cally reduced by means of higher utilisa- which their pressure- and temperature- tion efficiency, if possible without limit- dependent reaction rates are not experi- ing the standard of living; mentally accessible. Reactions such as

CO + HO2 => CO2 + OH however play energy transformation for the provision key roles in “flameless oxidation” as well in particular of electricity must become as in lean combustion and especially at more efficient; higher pressures because they transform

the “stable” radical HO2 into the more and fossil fuels must be replaced to the reactive radical HO, thus directly affect- greatest possible extent by the introduc- ing ignition processes. Therefore the rate tion of renewable energies. of the aforementioned reaction was for the first time calculated and very pre- Energy research at DLR is guided by cisely predicted at the DLR Institute of these objectives and works on topics re- Combustion Technology in collaboration lating to the efficient provision of elec- with working groups in the USA using tricity, to thermal, electrochemical and quantum chemical and statistical meth- chemical energy storage, and to devel- ods of theoretical reaction kinetics. The oping the energy system as a whole. estimated reaction rates previously used in chemical reaction models were found Optimising stationary gas and steam tur- to be too high by a factor of more than bines is one of the main focus areas of 10, as a result of which the ignition point DLR energy research. Its experimental of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and hy- and numerical work in the fields of compressors, combustors and turbines and

44 Annual Report > Energy

its systems competence serve to signifi- Energy: revenue in million euros cantly increase the efficiency of energy 2009 2010 2011 generation; in addition, DLR examines Actual Planned Planned and prepares for the use of alternative fuels. Work is also being carried out on Basic funding 22 20 20 optimising specific procedures for CO2 separation and storage. Third-party funding 37 27 37 Overall revenue 59 47 57 Research into fuel cell systems serves to improve their reliability and longevity for future use in energy supply. Combining Expected revenue for the year 2010 high-temperature fuel cells and gas turbines into hybrid power plants can be Total 47 million euros All ﬁgures in million euros expected to deliver an increase in electricity generation efficiency of approximately 10 per cent compared to these components used individually. 12 Solar research

Concentrating solar technologies present the option of generating electricity in an 23 Management economical and environmentally friendly 2 and systems analysis manner on a large scale, as well as the potential to provide hydrogen in the longer term. Not least the DESERTEC in- Combustion dustrial initiative has been internationally and gas turbine technology 10 Energy process technology publicising this technology and its potential since 2009. DLR covers a broad technical spectrum in this field, from optimising the current parabolic trough technology to new designs for solar performance batteries on a lithium basis. towers with innovative energy genera- Finally, cross-disciplinary systems analysis tion techniques. aids the provision of policy advisory services and underpins the thematic orienta- The growing proportion of renewable tion of energy research in DLR and in energies in energy supplies is drastically the Helmholtz Association. increasing the need for storage. DLR has for years been working on developing In 2010, three topics were newly identi- high-temperature heat storage devices fied that are currently being examined for a wide range of uses in solar thermal for their potential: firstly the use of aero- processes and energy-intensive indus- dynamic, aeroacoustic and structural tries. Chemical storage devices are being mechanical knowledge gained in aero- developed on the one hand based on nautics to optimise wind power plants; solar hydrogen generation, on the other secondly the use of cyclical processes to hand by exploring reversible chemical generate energy from low-temperature reactions that may have potential uses heat; and thirdly the development of ro- in low-loss storage. bust and versatile aerogels as highly effective insulation materials. Expertise in electrochemistry acquired through working on fuel cells has recently also been used to develop high-

45 Defence and Security Research

The Defence and Security programme action, focusing on multi- and inter- of the German Aerospace Center plans disciplinary projects that connect the and controls research and develop- research areas of DLR. In the course ment activities relating to defence of these projects DLR contributes to and security in coordination with developing, testing and evaluating partners from government, academia technologies and to assessing and and industry. Defence and Security consulting on security-relevant appli- is an interdisciplinary remit that com- cations with the aim of supporting prises all activities of the Aeronau- and protecting people. DLR is active tics, Space, Energy and Transport for example in the areas of airport programs in terms of their security- security (Aeronautics/Transport), relevant utilisation. It covers both satellite based crisis management innovative organisational concepts (Space), decentralised energy supply and corresponding strategies for (Energy) and in transportation management for large-scale public events and disasters (Transport), to each of which DLR brings expertise in significant system areas such as Earth observation, robotics and communications. The following results are examples from the Security and Defence programme that were achieved in the previous year.

46 Annual Report > Defence and Security Research

tasks, which will contribute to allowing UCAV-2010 partially and fully autonomous aircraft to be operated highly agilely and with mini- Technologies for highly agile partially mal signatures in future. and fully autonomous aircraft

Highly agile uncrewed aircraft are already an indispensable component of military scenarios, and gaining increasing Hyperspectral importance in civil security. The future tasks of partially and fully autonomous Remote Sensing aircraft are diverse and range from mon- Detecting booby traps and itoring critical infrastructures to autono- contamination mous exploration and reconnaissance missions. In addition to challenges relat- Landmines and booby traps represent a ing to autonomous flight and partially Experimental examination of the DLR-F17 danger to life and limb not only of sol- configuration in DNW-NWB autonomous flight with other crewed diers, but also of the civilian population. systems in controlled airspace, the devel- In the last 30 years, landmines have opment of the platform itself places caused the death of approximately one highest demands on a number of aero- million people, 80% of whom were civil- nautics disciplines. On the UCAV-2010 ians who often fell victim to these mines project DLR is contributing to designing, only after the conflict had ended. In a analysing and evaluating the handling joint project with the Fraunhofer Insti- qualities and configurative properties of tute of Optronics, System Technologies highly agile partially and fully autono- and Image Exploitation, the Department mous aircraft. of Optical Information Systems at the DLR Institute for Robotics and Me- In particular, DLR has enhanced the chatronics has developed camera sys- preliminary design processes of a multi- tems featuring innovative automated disciplinary simulation environment for image evaluation processes that can be highly agile partially and fully autonomous used to explore material properties in aircraft. Its main focus was on validating overflight and thus to detect landmines multi-disciplinary methods for simulating and booby traps, but also to discover aerodynamics and the structural behaviour contaminations of the Earth‘s surface. of flying wing configurations with the aim of achieving a compromise between high agility and long flight times. A further key area of activity was designing adapted propulsion concepts and alternative control concepts. Technologies considered crucial to the design of such configurations are those that affect radar or infrared signatures. An adapted shape can for example render the aircraft almost undetectable by radar. In addition, radar and infrared signatures influence the choice of structural properties for the outer skin. Extensive aerodynamic experimental tests were carried out in order to better understand flow physics and aerodynamic behaviour. Basic research into alternative control concepts and engine intake aerodynamics completed the project’s range of

47 Annual Report > Defence and Security Research

Camera sensors can record material-spe- able for creating 3-D representations, cific properties of liquids or solid bodies which are the next step to ensuring sig- in many ranges of the optical spectrum. nificantly further improved interpretation Typical applications today are the record- of the data. ing of oil spills on ocean surfaces by aircraft or the search for important mineral resources (for example precious metals) in remote areas of the Earth by means of Measuring the satellites. Sensors that use very many spectral ranges on the optical spectrum Volcanic Ash Cloud simultaneously – also known as hyperspectral systems or imaging spectrome- Safe air travel ters – are currently used in combination with other high-resolution optical matrix Following the eruption of the Eyjafjalla- cameras in order to better identify ob- jökull volcano in Iceland on 14 April jects from aircraft or helicopters for envi- 2010, the ash cloud drifting across ronmental and security-relevant applica- Europe caused an extraordinarily exten- tions. Detecting dangerous objects, such sive closure of European airspace. From as landmines or booby traps, and discov- 15 to 20 April 2010, 75% of European Test area (high-resolution, top) and objects ering contaminations of the Earth‘s sur- airspace was closed. In total, 10 million identified by means of automated image face by hydrocarbons (e.g. oils or chemi- passengers were affected; more than evaluation processes (bottom) cal solvents) are just a few examples of 100,000 flights were cancelled in April how hyperspectral systems can be em- and May 2010. A natural phenomenon ployed to protect human beings. By pic- and its consequences: experts estimate torially recording and combining spectral the damage to the European economy channels from the visible to the mid-in- to be in the billions. frared range, imaging spectrometers capture spectral characteristics typical of The rules of the International Civil Avia- certain materials that provide information Organisation (ICAO) require that tion on specific component substances flights through volcanic ash clouds gen- (e.g. plastics or metal oxides), like a “fin- erally be avoided. These rules have sub- gerprint”. sequently been amended to state that flights are permitted at ash concentrations In the course of the project a test area under 2 mg per cubic metre. In order was overflown by DLR with a sensor to support decision-makers in closing or combination consisting of a camera sys- partially opening airspace throughout tem and a hyperspectral sensor, and the Europe, the Institute of Atmospheric measured data subsequently evaluated. Physics at DLR carried out a total of 17 Contaminations of the Earth’s surface data collection flights with the DLR with oil films and small objects made of research aircraft Falcon 20 E in April plastic were identified by their typical and May 2010 on behalf of the Federal spectral characteristics and then isolated Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban in the image and classified using appro- Development, the German weather priate automatic image evaluation proc- service Deutscher Wetterdienst and the esses. Thanks to stereo evaluation, these German Airline Association. Both the high-resolution procedures are also suit- Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) measuring system developed by DLR and in situ measuring equipment for measuring ash and gases from the volcano were used in the course of these data collection flights. The measurements

48 Annual Report > Defence and Security Research

helped German and European aviation ellite data evaluations of this kind are authorities assess the situation, served used in a wide range of crisis manage- to review the model predictions of the ment scenarios – for example in flooding Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre of the situations, during forest fires, for record- British National Weather Service and ing and planning refugee camps, to led to the adjustment of its input data manage large-scale public events, or for regarding the ash emission rate at the detecting drug cultivation or illegal dia- volcano. mond mines.

The evaluated measured data are now An example where current research is- available for scientific research, and will sues and scientific work resulted in spe- also form the basis for decisions in the cific support for relief workers was the event of future volcanic eruptions. This recording of earthquake damage in Haiti improved basis for decision-making will in January 2010. The DLR Center for Sat- allow economic damage to be kept to a ellite Based Crisis Information (Zentrum Volcanic ash cloud from Eyjafjallajökull minimum in future without endangering für Satellitengestützte Kriseninformation, the safety of passengers. ZKI) in Oberpfaffenhofen supplied relief workers in the crisis area with emergency maps derived from satellite images and geo data, and thus directly Center for helped save human lives. In addition, the maps provided by ZKI were used to opti- Satellite Based mise logistics on the ground and to enable the rapid transport of people, mate- Crisis Information rials and relief goods.

Satellites help relief workers DLR is constantly expanding the field of satellite based crisis information in a Due to the worldwide increase in natural wide range of project activities with the disasters and crisis situations, the associ- aim of enabling up-to-date satellite analysis and precise evaluation of the situa- Rapid damage assessment based on emer- ated humanitarian relief efforts, and an gency maps derived from satellite data; here: ever expanding level of global network- tion for any type of disaster or crisis only Haiti 2010 ing, the need for timely and extremely 24 hours after an alert. A technological precise disaster information is growing challenge of this magnitude necessitates rapidly. This applies not only to emerg- research and development work on all ing and developing countries, but also to partial aspects of the alert, satellite re- highly developed industrial nations. cording and analysis chain. In future, DLR will continue to strive to combine In applied research projects funded in current research and development work the DLR Space and Transport programs, with data evaluation and the provision the German Aerospace Center develops of up-to-date information. methods and algorithms to quickly and efficiently utilise satellite image data and geo information to assist in crisis management and the provision of humanitarian aid. The aim of this work is to develop faster and better analyses and visualisations of crisis information for use in the day-to-day business of decision- makers and relief workers, and thus contribute significantly to civil security. Sat-

49 Project Management Agency

further intensified its commitment to Project Manage- civil aviation research, which had already ment Agency increased significantly in recent years. With additionally assigned funds of 140 for Aeronautics million euros from 2010 to 2013, LuFo IV has now reached a total volume of just Research under 600 million euros. During the reporting period, all projects submitted Long-term funding of aeronautics under the third call for proposals to LuFo research IV began on schedule. In 2009, a total of 128 new federal technology projects The Project Management Agency for were launched in addition to the approxi- Aeronautics Research (PT-LF) supports mately 400 ongoing projects at federal the Federal Ministry of Economics and and state level. Technology (BMWi) in implementing the federal Aeronautics Research Program Through this program, the Federal Gov- (LuFO), as well as providing support to ernment is providing a stable basis for the states of Bavaria, Hamburg, sustainable research in the aeronautics Brandenburg and Rhineland-Palatinate in sector and enabling industry, large-scale running their own development pro- research facilities and higher education grams and projects to complement the institutions to continue urgently required federal program. research work in a currently difficult economic climate. As a result of the economic With its third call for proposals for the crisis, which also affected the major play- fourth Aeronautics Research Program ers in the aviation industry during the (LuFo IV), the Federal Government has reporting period, no significant new research activities were launched. With the beginning economic recovery, sufficient resources will again become available to the research partners to take up new lines of development.

50 Annual Report > Project Management Agency

Like the Federal Government, the federal Project Management Agency for Aeronautics Research: states were also able to stabilise their ef- revenue and funding volume in million euros forts in the area of aeronautics research during the crisis. The increase in funding 2009 2010 2011 from the federal states planned for the Actual Planned Planned coming years is expected to remain Revenue untouched by the effects of the crisis. PT-LF manages the vast majority of Third-party funding 3 4 4 regional aeronautics research activities. In the federal states of Bavaria, Branden- Funding volume burg, Hamburg, Lower Saxony and Federal Ministry of Economics 90 126 136 Rhineland-Palatinate, a total of 80 and Technology projects were funded by PT-LF in 2009. Ministry of Economics 8 10 10 of the Free State of Bavaria The aeronautics research activities of Ministry of Economics the Federal Government and the federal 5 5 5 states are integrated into the European Brandenburg Framework Programme for Research and Ministry of Economics Hamburg 9 5 3 Technological Development. In order to Ministry of Economics ensure coordinated activities at regional, 25 25 25 Lower Saxony national and European levels, PT-LF has on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Eco- nomics and Technology assumed the outside AirTN. Due to the successful first role of national point of contact for the phase of AirTN, a second phase with field of aeronautics research in the 7th now 28 partners from 18 European EU Framework Programme for Research countries has meanwhile been initiated. and Technological Development. As the research activities of our Euro- pean partners have also significantly in- Due to the technological skills acquired creased in recent years, effective coordi- through the federal and state aeronau- nation of national research efforts is tics research programs, German compa- becoming increasingly important. The nies and research institutions are highly aim of AirTN is to develop the funding sought-after partners in European re- mechanisms necessary for this purpose. search consortia. It was therefore possible to maintain the high return flow of As Project Management Agency for the funds from the European Framework Federal Ministry of Economics and Tech- Programme to Germany at over 20% at nology, PT-LF has been able to further the beginning of the 7th Framework Pro- extend its central role as a service programme for Research and Technological vider and source of knowledge in the Development. area of aeronautics research at EU, national and regional levels and is there- A contributing factor was the ERANet fore in a position to support the Federal “AirTN-Air Transport Net” EU project Ministry of Economics and Technology in managed by PT-LF as a coordinator, its efforts to provide coordinated and ef- where initial cross-border research asso- ficient support for aeronautics research ciations have meanwhile been formed in in Germany and to prevent duplicate order to specifically combine expertise funding. This special role is unique from the various member states and among comparable institutions in the make it mutually available in the respec- European partner countries. tive national programs. The coordination of national programs and funding mechanisms has also met with great interest

51 Annual Report > Project Management Agency

Funding planning: revenues in million euros proximately 795 million euros in research funding, added to which were further 2009 2010 2011 funds from a number of special projects; Actual Target Planned this represents an increase of approximately 10% compared to the previous Third-party funding* 62 69 74 year. Plans for 2010 and 2011 project of which project management tasks 33 38 41 further significant increases; whether these are realistic ultimately depend on of which special projects 29 31 33 whether the currently planned developments in government spending for edu- Funding volume 795 987 1,000 cation and research are actually implemented. * without Profi The range of subjects represented by PT-DLR portfolio is extraordinarily broad Project Manage- and covers the majority of today’s most important scientific and technological ment Agency in DLR areas of interest as well as education. They include health research, environ- The Project Management Agency in DLR, mental research, sustainability research, PT-DLR for short, has positioned itself as information technology, new media in a specialist provider of services in the the economy, research into the develop- areas of research and education funding ment of work and services, education and research management. PT-DLR op- research and gender research. The Project erates at both national and international Management Agency also incorporates levels. Its clients include the Federal the national contact points for EU pro- Ministry of Education and Research, the grams and the European research initia- Federal Ministry of Economics and Tech- tives COST and EUREKA, as well as the nology, the Federal Ministry of Health, EU Bureau of the Federal Ministry for the Federal Ministry of Family Affairs, Education and Research (BMBF). The Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, the International Bureau of the BMBF at PT- EU Commission, numerous state minis- DLR oversees international cooperation tries and various private entities. At the in research and education throughout end of 2009, PT-DLR employed approxi- the world. The Public Auditors of the mately 750 people and managed ap- Federal Ministry of Education and Re- search for projects co-financed by the ESF is also part of the Project Manage- ment Agency. Due to its many years of experience in the areas of research and education funding as well as project management, PT-DLR maintains excellent contacts with research agencies and institutions, professional committees and proven experts in the national and international research community.

In 2009, PT-DLR was again able to strengthen its position as Germany’s largest project management agency for research, development, education and innovation and successfully expand its

52 Annual Report > Project Management Agency

teams in all funded areas. The DLR teams Allocation of budget resources 2009 in thousand euros provide technical and specialist expertise in order to support their respective clients Number of in making Germany fit for innovation. projects 2009 They do the same at international and (2009) in th. euros EU levels, as both the internationalisation strategy of the Federal Ministry of Health Research/Human Genome Research 1,873 241,000 Education and Research and the signifi- Information Technology 1,446 200,800 cance of the European dimension for Germany have substantially gained in Environment, Culture, Sustainability 1,290 122,400 importance in the last year. Examples include the year of the German EUREKA New Media in the Economy 383 75,000 Presidency and the preparations for the Development of Work and Services* 708 43,300 new EU Framework Programme for Re- search and Technological Development Humanities and Social Sciences 264 32,200 with many new instruments and key areas. The support that PT-DLR has pro- Integration* 172 19,800 vided and will continue to provide for Empirical Education Research 197 19,200 the High-Tech Strategy of the Federal Government and the various compre- International Bureau 7 15,900 hensive programs in education goes almost without mentioning. That this New Media in Education* 212 14,800 often involves breaking new ground, be Gender and Equality 243 12,800 it in the form of Excellence Clusters or by collaborating with foundations on the Education Research* 61 8,000 “Local Learning” initiative, has presented significant challenges to PT-DLR, as has Innovation-oriented Research 32 6,500 the “marketing” of education offerings Years of Science Bureau 24 5,800 and research results in all fields of research. It should further be noted that Eurostars 42 3,500 following its successful organisation of “Year of Science 2009 – Research Expedi- Total 6,954 821,000 tion Germany”, PT-DLR has received a further follow-on request from the Fed- * Co-financed with funding from ESF (European Social Fund) eral Ministry of Education and Research and is organising the “Year of Science 2010 – The Future of Energy”.

A detailed description of PT-DLR programs and our work can be found in our annual report for 2009, available from www.pt-dlr.de under “Service & Links/ Publications” (German only).

53 54 Economic Development

55 Future Development of DLR

Last year, prompted by the Executive be made possible by the contribution of Board, discussion took place with em- specialist skills to the world of universities. ployees from all levels of DLR concerning The introduction of consistent principles DLR general focus and technical strate- for central processes will promote repro- gies. The in-house view was broadened ducibility in processes and structures, through interviews with representatives thus facilitating efficiency gains. Through from other research bodies, ministries operational support and the provision of and industry, a process resulting in a appropriate infrastructure DLR can influ- harmonised general focus. The objective ence research beyond its own facilities. over the next few years will be to imple- DLR will in the future increasingly ment the strategic objectives posted, strengthen its position as a source of pursuing their achievement via results- technology in business thanks to active oriented criteria. The following nine stra- technology marketing and knowledge tegic objectives are to be pursued for transfer. The optimisation of internal cy- 2010 and thereafter. The key strategic cles should make the balance between goal is fulfilment of the high require- research and ancillary processes possible. ment for quality and excellence in all It is our intention to promote DLR driv- areas of DLR. The flow of information ing and shaping role in its main centers between all sites will be improved of interest by virtue of its intended through enhanced horizontal communi- proactive role in the forming of national cation within DLR. DLR collaboration in and international networks. training programs and study courses will Parallel with discussion of the general focus, strategic goals for individual focuses will be developed. The evaluation of individual components of the programme for the process of programme- oriented support under the umbrella of the Helmholtz Association have been supplemented by investigation into the research portfolio in conjunction with the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) and other external research and industry bodies. New topics have been identified whose financing for coming years has to be clarified.

56 Results Economic Development > Results

Third-party Funding Third-party funding 2007 2008 2009 Total third-party revenue € 294 M € 308 M € 381 M There was a further considerable increase in 2009 in revenue from third-party Growth in profitability compared to funded projects for the core process of previous year, domestic commercial 26% 11% 12% research & development (third-party revenue from R&D activity revenues). With an increase of 73 million Proportion of overall revenue 52% 51% 49% euros compared to 2008, third-party from third-party sources revenues reached a record level of 381 Proportion of revenue million euros. This makes the third-party from foreign clients 22% 21% 25% share of overall proceeds 49%, and as (volume of revenue) such it remains approximately at the previous year’s level. The reason was the Success rate for EU applications parallel increase in institutional support over last three years (accepted/ 47% 46% 37% occurring in 2009, by virtue of special fi- submitted) nancing from BMWi, the effects of Eco- Revenue from EU funding € 19,9 M € 19,7 M € 21,7 M nomic Stimulus Package I and the fund- Co-ordinator/total ratio ing for the Bremen site. 13% 14% 22% (EU projects) Essentially it can be said that in the overall picture almost every sponsor contributed to the increase in third-party reve- projects more than doubled relative to There was a 22% increase in the ratio nue. Thus in the case of direct Federal the previous year, increasing by 21.6 mil- between EU co-ordinator projects and project funding for example, a signifi- lion euros to the present level of 39.6 the total volume of EU projects, accom- cant new increase can be observed. For million euros. The two largest projects panied by a decline in the number of example we would cite the 6.9 million are Galileo, at 16.6 million euros and the projects ongoing in 2009. During the euros increase in support from BMWi, test rigs in Lampoldshausen at 6.7 mil- same period however it was possible of which the main beneficiaries were lion euros, together with further major to achieve an increase in the number projects from the ongoing aerospace projects from the CAF cluster and space of co-ordinator projects. research programme (Lufo IV), together operations. with larger spaceflight projects such as EnMap. In the case of the Federal Minis- The average success rate in EU projects try for Education and Research (BMBF), over the last three years at 37% shows it has been possible especially to increase a 9% downturn relative to the previous the number of newly launched projects. year. The number of new applications in Speaking of direct project funding from 2009 remained at the level of previous regional authorities, overall there has years, but the number of commissions/ been a slight downturn; however, in awards fell by around 40. Revenue how- some regions such as Lower Saxony and ever remained at a sustained, high level North Rhine-Westfalia, a significant in- compared with previous years and once crease over the previous year is seen. again rose by some 2 million euros to 21.7 million euros. Revenue from public projects has also generally increased, together with the revenue from projects with both domestic and foreign commercial companies. Profitability from domestic financial proceeds of R&D activities was at 12%. Pro- ceeds from foreign clients (revenue volume) made a 25% contribution to the final result, representing a 4% increase on the previous year. Income from ESA

57 Economic Development > Results

Research-related results 2007 2008 2009 Technology Publications 511 442 577 in referred journals Marketing Referred publications in 568 593 460 The political, social and industrial goals proceedings, books etc. of domestic and international innovation Presentations to scientific conferences, 1,639 1,634 1,688 policies, with the associated strengthen- workshops, lectures* ing of technology transfer from publicly- Appointments to universities 13 12 13 funded research & development, are increasingly being reinforced in the longer Lectureships 204 248 244 term as a significant success factor in the competitiveness of the domestic econ- Diploma projects 326 384 396 omy. Shortening the time-to-market of PhD theses 83 94 105 research results to market-ready products, processes or services is here a vital Postdoctoral qualifications 4 2 4 prerequisite. Through its outstanding research results and technological devel- * per scientific associate engaged by the institutes and facilities opments, DLR is able to provide complete value added chains that extend from basic research, through application oriented research and development, to Research-Related new products and services. Technology Marketing plays an impor- Results tant role in helping DLR to implement these requirements. This activity shapes The quality of science is one of the most the development process at DLR, start- important criteria in the DLR Research ing with determining the requirements Centre. Alongside the third-party fund- in every sector of the market, developing procured, significant indicators of ing and implementing ideas by means of this are the scientific results made public technology transfer projects, and turning in publications, presentations and courses. DLR expertise into something of com- Their volume varies from year to year, mercial benefit. attributable mainly to project work, staffing fluctuations and activities relat- The main goals are collaboration with in- ing to proposals. dustry already at the “front end of innovation” in the generation of new prod- The appearance of a total of 1,037 uct/service/process concepts and – based referred publications in the reporting on these, and so aligned with demand – period means that for practical purposes the development of DLR technologies for there were precisely as many as in the the deployment of products with part- previous year, with a noticeable increase ners from business and the acquisition however in the proportion of journal arti- of new customers, the management of cles. The trend of many years towards an property rights and support for company increasing number of completed diploma start-ups. papers and PhD theses continues un abated.

58 Economic Development > Results

In order to achieve this goal Technology Examples of successful company’s vehicle fleets, taking as an Marketing had by the end of 2009 set Technology Marketing example selected and representative DHL up a comprehensive ideas management fleet vehicles, in order to optimise costs within DLR. This includes firstly software In the “AWFS II + III” projects, the and cut the fleet’s CO2 emissions subject support, in the sense that all DLR employ- “FireWatch” ground-based forest fire to prevalent conditions. ees can enter their own ideas at their early warning system – which is mar- workplaces which then are promptly as- keted by IQ Wireless GmbH and can al- A follow-up project is planned in light of sessed against transparent criteria and, if ready claim 190 installations in Europe – the quality of results and their benefits appropriate to industrial application, are was extended to include night-time fire to DHL. easily implemented into corresponding detection, and work on the possibilities development projects financed by Tech- of extension to applications in moun- Under the “DMT” transfer project, a dis- nology Marketing from the cross-transfer tainous areas with no sight line to the aster management tool is being devel- corridor. Secondly, Technology Market- horizon is currently underway. These fur- oped. DMT is an integrated position and ing offers ideas workshops and, in col- ther developments have strengthened guidance system for international disas- laboration with personnel development, the position of IQ Wireless in the mar- ter rescue teams. Users benefit from the continuous-training events on the topic ketplace, enabling its industrial partner bringing together of satellite communi- of innovation. to install over a hundred more systems cation, navigation and earth observation in Europe and worldwide and bringing with real-time access to up-to-date geo- Furthermore, the “strategic innovation corresponding licence revenues for DLR. information and technical data on the partnerships” model has been further local infrastructure. extended. This includes not only the ac- A small fuel cell system for the mains-in- quisition of new partners but also inten- dependent operation of pallet strapping sification of collaboration with partners machines has been developed in con- already in place in the sense of specific junction with ERGOPACK GmbH, the development projects having the goal of global market leader in these machines. developing new products/services/proc- A similar system derived from DLR pat- esses in collaboration between research ents is marketed by DMT produktent- and industry, followed by easy transfer wicklung AG as a stand-alone unit. Co- to the marketplace via the industrial operation/licensing agreements are in partner. place with both companies.

Additionally, Technology Marketing initi- In the VECTOR21 project, in collabora- ated the “DLR innovation campaign” tion with Deutsche Post DHL – a strate- project. In this project, within the frame- gic innovation partner – there has been work of implementation of DLR new technical/economic evaluation of vehicle overall strategy and its own in-house models against DLR VECTOR21 model, principles to improve DLR innovation and scenarios were evaluated for selected performance, and also via an awareness- vehicles from DHL’s fleet. The goal of raising campaign and “face-to-face com- the project was to adapt the VECTOR21 munications”, the profile of DLR as a vehicle technology scenario model for technology provider for business has the prospective evaluation of a logistics been raised and reinforced.

DLR Technology Marketing was re-certified to DIN EN ISO 9001:2008 in April 2009.

59 Economic Development > Results

Proprietary rights in Germany and abroad Proprietary rights

1,600 In the field of “Proprietary rights and licenses” DLR portfolio of proprietary 1,400 rights is being expanded and looked 1,200 after, and covers all commercial market- 1,000 ing agreements including the granting of licences. DLR stock of proprietary rights 800 now numbers just under 2,900 (domes- 600 tic and foreign patent registration and patents including EP and PCT registra- 400 tions), the highest level ever attained in 200 the history of DLR. With 225 registra- 0 tions in 2009, around 20% more inven- 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 tion disclosures were submitted than in the previous year. Domestic total Foreign total The graphic shows how the number of domestic proprietary rights has been ris- DMT represents practical structures and ing continually over several years, now processes in European crisis manage- standing at just under 1,500 (patents, ment in a framework of input screens utility models and their registrations). enabling procedures to be standardised, simplified and accelerated should a mis- Each year the German Patent and Trade- sion arise. A decisive advantage com- mark Office publishes a list of the 50 pared with a conventional GIS (Geo- most active patent applicants in Ger- Information System) is the simplicity of many, and in 2009 – as in the previous operation by assessment experts who year – DLR held 28th place. The only have no in-depth IT background, and other research body to appear on this who are provided with a tailor-made list is the Fraunhofer Society in Munich and authoritative tool. (in position 13). The most active patent applicants are Bosch in first place (with The system’s uniqueness is based on DLR 3,213 patent registrations) and Daimler core skills: DMT brings together into a in second (with 1,756 patent registra- single integrated solution the three core tions). If however you look at these fig- elements of communications, navigation ures in terms of the number of people and satellite-based earth observation. At employed by the above, a completely the same time the instrument is compact different story emerges: seen this way, and modular, operates autonomously in DLR (with around 5,000 employees in the field and may be flexibly expanded R&D) registered one patent per 29 em- for additional tasks and wider user groups. ployees, whilst Fraunhofer (with some 15,000 employees) registered only one per 37 employees. This ratio must surely count as evidence that DLR has the capability to significantly further the state of technology in its research areas.

60 Economic Development > Results

Licenses This support system – in addition to the which just go along with industrial appli- pure commercial impact on DLR business cations. Through these companies’ activ- The granting of licences in 2009 resulted activity – represents an attractive career ities DLR can access new knowledge, in a turnover of around 3.9 million euros, option for the employees involved. Both such as in the field of medical technol- putting income from licensing at the the entrepreneurial activity and collabo- ogy, which lies outside DLR main re- level of the previous year. ration with a new company based on search activity. In this way both sides DLR technology represent a forward- benefit from the synergy, with technol- Company start-ups looking basis for career development, ogy transferring into DLR as well. particularly from the viewpoint of staff Technology Marketing supports spin-off on a fixed term employment contract. In the 2009 business year two further companies originating from DLR insti- companies were founded that were built tutes and facilities. Employees keen to Companies have the option of obtaining on the basis of DLR technology. The de- establish a start-up are prepared for financing from the high-tech start-up velopment of companies founded in re- independence with appropriate advice fund, which was set up to provide fi- cent years has been monitored; they col- on technology selection and maturation, nancing for companies via the BMWi laborate closely with the institutes as the partly through projects from the tech- and big name companies. Also private technology continues to develop, allow- nology transfer fund, and receive help stakeholding options are made available ing them to also expand their fields of in developing their business plan. With increasingly. The Kreditanstalt für Wied- operation. these young companies, DLR secures mar- eraufbau (Reconstruction Loan Bank) ket access for its technology. The com- and regional funds from Landesbanken panies are set up with licenses to use (state banks) also maintain financing op- the technology, and create applications tions for the mentioned companies. in the form of profitable products or services which, in addition to the licens- Technology Marketing supports DLR in- ing income expected in the long-term, stitutes and facilities in the compilation may also in the short term produce of business plans and the preparation of third-party income for the respective proposals and, together with the Legal institutes through R&D commissions. department, the structuring of contracts with these companies covering collabo- Support from institutes is provided rative work and licensing issues. DLR takes through the targeted commissioning holdings in companies whose activity (by Technology Marketing) of services, extends the scope for application of DLR accelerating technology transfer from research outcomes and so strengthens research to companies under the corre- research activity into a given topic, or sponding development projects. opens up further knowledge regarding the scope of applications of these out- For commercial added value these small comes in other fields. Thus for example start-ups represent an important stage in materials research from industrial ap- in the innovation process, since such in- plications, experience has been gathered novations are only of interest to large concerning the damage characteristics of companies once risks have been clarified materials that require extensive qualifica- and the market sounded out. From the tion processes for their approval in high- industry’s viewpoint, stakes in such com- performance aerospace applications panies represent investments in a technology in which they are collaborating or in which they may subsequently acquire a majority share.

61 Structure and Organisation

The assessors (information on the asses- The consensus and the positive input im- Development of the sors can be found in the Management pressively underline the practical value Report of the 87th Senate meeting) drew of the AI process model, which is further Research Centre a positive conclusion from their assess- backed-up by the 4% saving of AI costs ment of the Administrative infrastructure. relative to DLR overall financing. Administrative infrastructure They regard AI as having overall moved closer toward being a successful process For some years AI has employed the An external evaluation of DLR Adminis- company. EFQM self-evaluation model for improv- trative and Technical Infrastructure (ATI) ing processes and organisation. This po- - The implementation of DLR strategy via was conducted in November 2009. The sitioning within the framework of the employee goals and projects within AI evaluation was in two parts: the evalua- continuous improvement process should is both strict and transparent. tion of Administrative infrastructure (AI), now be supplemented by external as- whose results are described below, and - Actions are aligned to goals. sessment. evaluation of the technical infrastructure - The principle of profitability is pursued. (please see the Technical Infrastructure Thus in 2010 AI is to submit itself to ex- Report). The main issues for the evalua- - Customer and employee alignment is ternal assessment in competition with tion of administrative infrastructure clear. Customer and employee satisfac- other organisations under the Ludwig- were: tion is regularly surveyed. Erhard award initiative. The Ludwig- Erhard award stands as a recognised - Implementation of goals and strategies - Processes are well matured. national distinction for the proven sus- - Improvement of effectiveness of com- - Great emphasis is placed on thinking in tainable excellence and competitiveness mercial process management processes, which can be seen as exem- of companies and organisations. Appli- - Appropriately matching commercial in- plary compared with others. Further cations are submitted in May and on-site formation systems to internal customer development since the previous evalua- assessments take place in September. requirements (institutes/facilities). tion is clearly discernible. The success of administrative processes - Managing the development of project is built not only on innovative ideas in The Administrative infrastructure is tasks; procurement; planning & man- process management but also, to a sig- proactive in its role as service-provider. agement of resources and manage- nificant extent, on qualified and highly- Service philosophy is based on a high ment of personnel. motivated employees who shape and degree of customer alignment. The successfully implement processes. guidelines of AI, which are specifically formulated for both senior management Technical Services and employees, come from both sides. A major milestone was achieved by Tech- In addition to overall assessment the nical Infrastructure (TI) with the assess- 2009 evaluation provided useful infor- ment at DLR Oberpfaffenhofen site from mation on the further development of 16th to 20th November 2009, which was the processes and business information conducted jointly with Administrative systems. These were evaluated by the Infrastructure. The evaluation produced process owners and those responsible valuable indicators from in-house and for the business information systems, external assessors and led to a compre- and are now being implemented. hensive appraisal of their performance capability.

62 Economic Development > Structure and Organisation

The focal points for TI’s evaluation were beginning of 2010 the “Facility Manage- nates in faster and better fulfilment of the development of goals & strategies ment” process, which is aligned to prop- customers’ requirements and the more and the further development of the sup- erties’ life cycles, has been part of Tech- efficient use of resources, since decision- porting processes of “Developing and nical Services and is integrated into a making processes are reduced. The in- realising technical systems” and “Facili- property management function. clusion of employees and customers into ties management” in the context of a the change process is here an important comprehensive management system. The goal is to extend the scope of appli- prerequisite for successful implementa- The presentation of the newly formed cation of the existing integrated Techni- tion. “Facilities Management” process had cal Services management system to particularly high priority for TI, since this processes in the field of property man- As for 2009 there were around 230 em- process is the basis for the first compre- agement. This includes quality and envi- ployees in Technical Services, this figure hensive life cycle study of buildings and ronmental management to DIN ISO 9001 rising in 2010 to around 480 as property plants within DLR. In their conclusions and 14001 and supplementary tools & management functions were taken over. the assessors confirmed that for the sup- methods such as the Balanced Scorecard The main Building Management Depart- port processes examined, the prerequi- and EFQM. Technical Services have ex- ment workforce was increased in 2009 sites for working towards common goals tended their integrated management and 2010 to be able to handle the sharp had been created and that there was system, which was re-certified in March increase in building work. The further recognisable adherence to customer align- 2010, in terms of methods and function- training of particular target groups, such ment and enhancement of effectiveness ality. The goal-definition process and the as new talent representing up-and-com- & efficiency, and that further develop- scorecard system had been structured ing management, continues to attract ment of the management system was according to the Balanced Scorecard high priority. on a well-planned, future-proof basis, (BSC), and the management assessment specific to DLR. In respect of both proc- (review) to ISO 9001 and 14001 was Contingent on government economic esses, the assessors attached great sig- based on the quantified nine-criterion stimulus programmes special funds were nificance to customer communications report from the EFQM model (European also made available to Technical Services and customer alignment. Consequently Foundation for Quality Management). within DLR, which are to be used promptly. they recommend regular measurement Improvements ascertained from the Under the Federal government’s “Funda- of customer satisfaction. 2009 EFQM self-assessment are now mental and energy remediation of build- being flowed incrementally into the ings” subsidiary programme within Eco- On the basis of the assessors’ consensus management system. The continuous nomic Stimulus Package II, there are and decision by the proper commercial improvement process (which has the grant awards for 2 small and 2 major management, structural changes have German-language acronym KVP) had building programs subject to the mile- been implemented within Technical In- been extended to all areas of Technical stone procedure (<0.3 or > 4 million frastructure since February 2010. In this Services in 2009, with the introduction euros). In a further step DLR achieved context the transfer is taking place of all of a fault-reporting system including re- the deadlines, but no notification has facility management functions – both porting of accidents and environmental yet been received. Rejections have been buildings-related and non-buildings-re- damage. received concerning seven building pro- lated - into a centrally responsible and grams allocated under the first-come co-ordinated process organisation. DLR A further change in Facility Management first-served process (> 0.3 < 4 million FM (Facility Management) comprises the relates to the bundling of responsibility, euros). The other five programs are on provision for institutes and facilities of decision-making and resources. This is a the waiting list. building services and material/site related prerequisite for rapid and customer- services, so contributing towards the ef- aligned implementation of requirements ficiency and productivity of research op- and is achieved by the introduction of erations within DLR. Wider challenges the “Contact person model” within a re- include the ever-faster changing require- gional structure, enabling to establish ments, both internally and externally, for contacts having decision-making abilities efficient facility management within DLR. and responsibilities for, the resources at Currently, all facility management func- all regional and site levels. This culmi- tions are being transferred into an integrated, life-cycle oriented facility management process: Economic Development > Structure and Organisation. Since the

63 Economic Development > Structure and Organisation

Financial strategy is steered by the goals simultaneous cutting of components this 2010 – 2012” (DLR-CoE). Within the CoE of DLR, by customers’ requirements and reduces production times and enhances competition, services are assessed that by the strategic objectives of a Technical precision, and offers an expanded range have already been provided over the last Services. Since 2007, the main Technical of capabilities for very complex compo- three years. This competition was also Systems Building has functioned as a nents. commissioned by the Executive Board. profit center with ‘mid-term result plan- The distinction of “DLR-Center of Excel- ning. Building management and DLR An IT tool has been developed for the lence” carries a grant of 500,000 euros Safety are managed via corridor plan- Technical Systems Building, in collabora- over three years. The topic receiving this ning (planning of costs of personnel and tion with Berlin’s Beuth University, for year’s award was particularly distinguished overheads). In all three areas, controlling the management of tasks with respect by numerous publications and the active is dove by reporting and annual accounts. to timeframe, quality and costs. training of diploma and doctorate candi- The IT tool described as the building dates, it was possible, as a partner recog- monitor for control and supervision, and Risk management with respect to the fi- nised worldwide in science and industry also for overall planning of all building nancial resources of Technical Services is at the same time, to acquire third-party programs within DLR, is still being devel- embedded within DLR overall risk man- funds with corresponding expansion in oped in 2010 and will evolve from the agement. Consistent resource manage- applied skills. This shows very clearly prototype version into an operational ment for the whole of Technical Services (shows) the bridging function DLR per- system within DLR IT landscape. DLR is still practised. forms between university research and building management holds great re- industrial applications. spect to use environmental and resource Science competitions within DLR friendly technologies for creation of new Two of the DLR Centers of Excellence that buildings and in the context of extensive Work by the winners of the third round of had already been running for three years repairs. In 2010, the bonus/penalty point the “Visionary Projects” had begun in underwent internal evaluation in 2009. By rule has been used in building manage- January 2009 and will be completed in virtue of the positive results and achievement in which an important considera- the first quarter of 2011. The competition ment of goals, funding for these two DLR tion is the establishment of a costing was commissioned by the Executive Board Center of Excellence awards – “SURFACE - framework. of DLR and is directed at all employees, Schicht- und Oberflächentechnologien für with young researchers in particular to be fortschrittliche Anwendungen im Hoch In Technical Services, consumptions and encouraged to present their innovative temperaturbereich von Luftfahrt bis Ener- costs are allocated specifically to origina- and inventive ideas for the technologies of gie” (coating and surface technologies for tors and users. This is optimised through the future. In January 2009 the best nine advanced applications in high-tempera- the use of new, customer-aligned en- were selected from a pool of around 50, ture areas from aeronautics to energy”) ergy-saving technologies. An important including the energy topic “Fuel from the and “SAR – Advanced High-Resolution example of the use of highly innovative Sun”, the material topic “Agents in resin” and 3D SAR Technologies and Applica- technologies is the Rapid Prototyping and the propulsion topic “Laser drives in tions” was extended until 2012 with fund- production process, introduced in the space”. These topics are currently spon- ing in each case of 100,000 euros over Technical Systems Building in 2009 fol- sored with 90,000 euros/year for 2 years. three years. No further extension will be lowing consultation with customers. By Six more are receiving smaller funding of possible thereafter. 10,000 euros/year for two years. After these two years of funding, researchers The “DLR-Center of Excellence” competi- will present their results to the Manage- tion is commissioned annually and the se- ment. lection for 2010 will be announced at the end of the year. The topic of “Satellite navigation” was selected in the second DLR in-house science competition “DLR-Center of Excellence

64 Economic Development > Structure and Organisation

Quality Manage- Quality management 2007 2008 2009 Existing certifications & 19 25 28 ment, Standardisa- accreditations tion and Environ- Number of DLR auditors 15 15 10 mental Protection Implementation of audit 29% 32% 38%

Quality management since it integrates environmental issues ment are mandatory. They are now to Excellent scientific expertise, high third- and occupational health and safety. DLR be incorporated by the facilities as com- party revenues and our growing number quality policy already combines quality, ponent parts of the corresponding sub- of employees are just some of the indi- safety, environmental protection and systems. cators for the success of DLR customer sustainability. The DLR Code of Conduct relations. DLR operates an integrated lays down the principles of ethical be- Within the Materials Testing Laboratory and established quality management haviour for DLR and its partners. for Fire Behaviour at Trauen, in the Insti- system to support the senior manage- tute for Propulsion Technology, the JES ment of DLR and to continue to success- The organisation of representatives within 314 test rig was successfully certified in fully form and build upon their customer the Safety system has been integrated July 2009. The integrated management relations. The management process de- into DLR management system by means system within the Institute for Rocket signed by the Executive Board’s Quality of a standing working group which re- Drives (quality, environmental and safety) Board provides the institutes and facili- ports to the standing working commit- was re-certified in August. The manage- ties with a framework that enables them tee of quality representatives. Work is ment system of the Cluster for Applied to establish and operate their manage- currently underway to define how to ex- Remote Sensing was confirmed as part ment systems independently. In March tend the quality management system to of the outcome of the second supervi- 2009 the management process was for the aspects of safety and environmental sory audit in October 2009. The simula- the second time successfully re-certified protection. The corresponding quality- tion and software technology test labo- to ISO 9001. control processes for auditing within ratory has been accredited to DIN EN DLR are currently being developed. Since 17025. The re-certification audit to ISO By the end of 2009 21 institutes and fa- autumn 2009 DLR internal auditors have 9001 and VDA 6.2 in the Institute of cilities had introduced quality manage- been qualified by training courses on au- Transportation Systems and Vehicle Con- ment systems with a total of 25 certifi- dits in integrated management systems. trol in December 2009 was successful in cates, some sector-specific. A further 11 both Brunswick and Berlin, as were the institutes and facilities are in preparation. Individual subsystems are already in the supervisory audits for the Institute for A growth against the period in the previ- process of development up to (and be- Flight Control and for the Space Agen- ous year has been achieved, with a 64% yond) the ISO 9001 minimum standard, cy’s QM system. Administrative Infra- deployment rate (systems introduced working toward sector-specific certifi- structure was successfully re-certified in and in preparation). Comprehensive (i.e. cates such as EN 9100, ISO 14001 and December. In the period February to 100%) qualification for certification to ISO 27001. March 2010 the Institute of Aerospace the minimum ISO 9001 standard should Medicine in Hamburg and in Cologne, be attained by 2013. The Quality Board has approved the top and the Space Operations Centre in level of the DLR process landscape and Oberpfaffenhofen, Cologne and Weil- This fully integrated quality management integrated it into the framework system. heim, were re-certified. Within the system is one of the unique characteris- The core processes are “Research and framework of the supervisory audit for tics that sets DLR apart in the Helmholtz development in aeronautics, space, en- the facility, the Microgravity User Sup- Association of German Research Centres. ergy and transportation” and “Manag- port Center in Cologne was included in ing national astronautics activities” and the ISO 9001 certification. In March, The existing system is now being further “delivering services to support research there was confirmation of the second developed into an integrated manage- and training.” The leadership and sup- ment system. As such, the quality man- port processes approved by Manage- agement process is a driving force behind the establishment of the system,

65 Economic Development > Structure and Organisation

Certifying authority supervisory audit strating sufficient specialist knowledge ESCC and IAQG. More than 300 stand- of the management system focusing on and knowledge of the processes applica- ards and over 1,000 specifications have transportation took place. The Technol- ble within DLR have since September already been developed. ogy Marketing supervisory audit took 2004 been appointed as DLR auditors. place in March 2010. The Gesellschaft Caused to fluctuation the number of au- The “Innovation with Norms and Stand- für Raumfahrtanwendungen (GfR – Insti- ditors has fallen to 10 Efforts are being ards (INS)” project initiative launched in tute of Space Applications) was success- made to significantly increase this 2006 by the Federal Ministry of Econom- fully certified for the first time in April. number in order to achieve comprehen- ics and Technology was supplemented at sive, reciprocal monitoring within insti- the end of 2009 with the funding pro- DLR is a member of the European Foun- tutes and facilities. During the reporting gram “Transfer of research and develop- dation for Quality Management (EFQM). period these auditors were able to ment results (R&D) by normalisation and The EFQM assessor training offered in achieve 38% of the planned system au- standardisation”. DLR internal training programme last dits within DLR. year was found popular with DLR em- Standardisation of research results within ployees in the last year. This year DLR Revision of the procedure for ascertain- DLR is carried out alongside research and again participated with an assessor in ing in-house and external customer sat- development work at the various insti- selecting the winner of the 2009 Ludwig isfaction, and for integration of recom- tutes and facilities, coordinated and sup- Erhard prize. mendations for project management ported by the Standardisation depart- with cross-facility collaboration into the ment. Activities focusing on business excellence project gateway, are still underway. are underway within five facilities ac- The three standardisation projects ap- tively operating a QM system. The first The standing working group of quality proved by DIN in 2009 have been suc- evaluations and assessments have pro- representatives is tasked with anchoring cessfully completed. Project results have vided good points of reference for fur- the identified procedures for quality as- led to a proposal for an international ISO ther improvement of systems. Self-evalu- surance in scientific work into the man- standard and a revision of a European ation of the Administrative Infrastructure agement system. EN standard used within DLR. The third processes confirmed a high degree of project made apparent the need for maturity. Standardisation standardisation, and its proposals for further standardisation projects are cur- At DLR New Year reception in Berlin DLR Competent standardisation work as a rently being evaluated. quality prize was awarded for the sev- strategic Management tool has achieved enth time to the quality officers of the competitive advantages. One per cent of For the 2010 project year DLR has re- Cluster for Applied Remote Sensing, to Germany’s gross national product can ceived the go-ahead for four normalisa- a project manager from the Institute of be saved annually through standardisation projects within the INS project: Flight Guidance and to the Quality and tion measures, with an economic benefit - Expansion of up/downlink data struc- production safety manager of OHB-Sys- amounting to around 16 million euros tures in spaceflight for safety-related tem AG in Bremen. Employees demon- annually. information;

DLR actively collaborates in the authori- - Lightweight construction for railway tative standardisation organisations, such rolling stock; as DIN, CEN/CENELEC and ISO, at national, - Qualification of optical components for European and international level. To- concentrating solar power technolo- gether with other spaceflight agencies in gies; Europe and partners from European spaceflight industries, DLR is compiling - Optical communications technology for consistent standards for spaceflight data downlinks from low-flying earth projects within the European and inter- survey satellites. national associations of ECSS, CCSDS,

66 Economic Development > Structure and Organisation

Eight proposals for both project initia- US export restrictions. This leads to a the integrated management system has tives were submitted from DLR Space, significant constraint on the availability been established to train auditors for in- Transport and Energy departments for of EEE components in national space ternal and external audits and to organ- the 2011 project year. flight projects. ise the implementation of audits with partners and suppliers. DLR Safety for - Digital speech communication/voice In a procedure harmonised at European the first time submitted itself for a spe- data structures; level, DLR, within European Space Com- cial audit by the expert VDSI association - Expansion of digital speech communi- ponents Coordination (ESCC), is compil- (Verband deutscher Sicherheitsingenieure cations for ground stations in manned ing joint standards and specifications for (Association of German Safety Engineers) and unmanned spaceflight; the qualification, procurement and use e.V.), in the context of which the Associ- of EEE components in spaceflight. The ation’s own Gesellschaft für Qualität im - Verification of spacecraft monitoring & specialist department for EEE component Arbeitsschutz (GQA – Company for control standards by a prototype; qualification defines and implements the Quality In Industrial Safety) presented a - Identification of future needs for stand- national technology development and professional report to the DLR Safety ardisation and research for the pan-Eu- qualification programme for EEE compo- staff Department. ropean S-Band MSS system; nents on behalf of DLR spaceflight agency. Components are developed and quali- Alternative technologies are used at DLR - Preparation of a standardised proce- fied together with national component and substances hazardous to the climate dure for the concurrent engineering manufacturers. Thus, in collaboration are avoided. In the field of energy pro- approach for national, European and with European partners, it has been pos- duction and recycling the focus is on low- international spaceflight projects; sible in recent years to reduce depend- CO2 technologies, examples of which in- - Definition of a test standard for the im- ency on US exports from 70% to 60%. clude the use of heat pumps and thermal plementation of dynamic tests with an- In order to increase the availability of insulation solutions in new and converted gular projectiles to simulate stone/bal- EEE components, DLR collaborates with buildings that greatly surpass the legal last strike on high-speed trains; China, Russia and Japan, and promotes guidelines. Energy-saving concepts have the qualification of commercial compo- been initiated as part of the masterplan - Development of standards for the qual- nents within the framework of a national to reduce energy consumption within ification of laser optics in spaceflight; assembly and test house. DLR. In its building activities DLR consid- - Surveying and assessment of the sur- ers an holistic view of individual projects, face form of mirror components for In 2010 DLR conducted nine evaluation and subsequent energy savings by the solar concentration technology; and qualification projects in the EEE operator will, among other aspects, have - Jointing technologies for railway rolling components department with a total already been addressed at the prelimi- stock. budget of 2.5 million euros. nary planning stage. Very high priority is given to consideration of every activity Environmental protection and safety throughout the building’s life cycle in Qualification of EEE components for the terms of supporting economic and spaceflight Among other interests, DLR researches ecological management of the building’s environmental protection and safety: the sustainability. EEE components comprise both active sparing use of resources and protection and passive electronic, electrical and of employees’ health are high-priority electromagnetic components (“EEE”) goals in a research establishment that which during spaceflight are subject to promotes sustainable operation such as particular demands on reliability, service DLR. DLR quality framework system is life, vibration-resistance, radiation-resist- continuously being extended to address ance and temperature fluctuations and aspects of environmental protection and must be qualified accordingly. EEE com- safety. Within the institutes and facilities ponents represent as much as 30% of of DLR, the relevant standards such as the hardware costs for a spaceflight sys- ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 already tem. Sixty per cent of the strategic com- have a high level of priority. In order to ponents whose functioning is key to ensure the well-harmonised integration performance capability and reliability of of these systems, a working group for spaceflight equipment or systems are manufactured in the USA and subject to

67 Economic Development > Structure and Organisation

Accident trends at DLR gency measures. Employees within DLR will thus receive extensive guidelines on prevention and on actions in case of an 1,000 person accident rate (working and commuting accidents per 1,000 members of staff) incident. 40 Following publication of the 2009 acci- 35 dent figures by Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV – German 33 30 32 32 32 30.9 31 mandatory accident insurance) on 24 June 28.5 2010, fewer notifiable industrial accidents 25 occurred in Germany last year. Presuma- bly the 40-hour annual reduction in 20 22.0 21.3 20.1 19.8 20.4 working time will have played a part in 15 16.9 16.1 reducing the number of accidents. DLR 12.2 was unaffected. Accident figures here 9.8 are well below the German average (see 10 8.9 7.5 10.3 graphic) due to the extensive preventa- 8.4 8.5 5 tive work and our employees’ high level 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 of awareness. DLR, with a rate in 2009 of some 8.5 accidents per 1,000 em- DLR average BG-ETE* average Federal average as per DGUV** ployees, was consistently between eight and 10, which is well under the Federal * German professional association representing the Energy, Textiles and Electrical Industries ** DGUV: Umbrella organisation, German Social Accident Insurance value (28.5). The DLR figure was also almost half the average figure for the DLR professional association (BG-ETE of 18 DLR is distributed over 13 sites, requiring the field of environmental protection May 2010) of 16.1. Within the Helmholtz a high level of communication. In order and safety. The results on safety-related Association, structured performance in- to minimise work travel and all of the topics commissioned and completed dicators for large-scale research facilities entailed economic and ecological impact, within DLR will be flowed into represent- have been compared since 2008. There video conferencing is increasingly em- atives’ safety and environmental protec- the rate, of almost 11 per 1,000 persons, ployed. For this purpose conferencing tion activities. is just above DLR figures. systems have been set up in meeting rooms and at workplaces, allowing the Information events for employees have DLR reported 55 notifiable accidents, number of face-to-face meetings to be been offered at individual DLR sites, approximately half of which occurred reduced. With a particular focus on such as days on environmental protec- not at the workplace but on the way to safety and environmental protection, tion and healthcare, including personal work. The majority of injuries were from reconfiguration of intranet applications health checks, fitness and nutrition ad- falls, trips, sprains, cuts and puncture in- has enabled further optimisation for vice and flu vaccinations. Also included juries. There were no fatal accidents dur- users of communications via IT media have been ergonomics for desktop ing the period reviewed. Although this (www.dlr.de/dlr-sicherheit) to be working and content covering travel relative indicator has fallen, days off per achieved in 2009. In addition newslet- medicine. In the field of risk communica- accident have risen by 5 to 32 and the ters on environmental and safety topics tions one focus was preventions against costs entailed have accordingly risen by are regularly sent out to interested tar- pandemics. Numerous activities were around 18%. This indicates a greater se- get groups within DLR and HGF. Special- conducted in this context in the frame- verity of accidents. In this context, the ist networks, for example with universi- work of collaboration within the Helm- HGF average is approximately 22. ties and new talent, are maintained in holtz Association. For example the conduct of a regularly-convened crisis panel, the further development of the pandemics Handbook with information on the intranet and the preparation of emer-

68 Partners Economic Development > Partners

National and 2007 2008 2009 Helmholtz Associa- European Networks tion of National DFG participations 27 33 34 Research Centers Sponsorship agreements 45 49 41 (HGF) National Programme development

The research areas “Energy” and “Aero- and European nautics, Space and Transport” are in the first or second year of implementation Networks within the second funding period. “En- Collaborations with universities ergy” had additional resources awarded to the topic of Energy storage in view of Collaboration with universities is a stra- the future importance of this research tegic goal within DLR corporate policy. topic. Correspondingly increased support Collaborative projects in almost every for the topic of Electromobility in collab- area of activity ensure the optimal utili- oration with other centers belonging to sation of available resources in pro- the Helmholtz Association is being dis- grammed research. Similarly the training cussed. of highly qualified new talent for industry and science benefits from working Initiative and networking fund with others, and such collaboration is equally beneficial to DLR and to the uni- DLR has received funding from the versities. For the universities, the infra- Association’s budget allocation for new structure available in DLR scientific and topics, networking and new talent for a technical areas is in many cases a pre- lecture course on the subject of safety- requisite for a wide range of research related technologies. Young scientists projects, while DLR gains access to up- thus obtain the cross-programme oppor- and-coming new scientists and new re- tunity of further training for safety-research topics. lated research over and above DLR own topics. In addition, two young managers will receive funding for the setting-up of research groups into the topic of the impacts of aerosols on the atmosphere and climate, and on the topic of modelling and diagnostics of fuel cells.

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Each year the institutes of DLR oversee were launched which go far beyond the and research training groups for training around 700 postgraduate students form of co-operation with universities high-calibre young scientists. During the working on their PhD theses, with an- described above. The DLR@Universität reporting period DLR participated in Col- other 400 or so students completing Stuttgart institution collaborative pro- laborative Research Centres fourteen their final year theses at DLR facilities. gramme opened with a kick-off meeting times, Priority Programmes seventeen The number of DLR scientists with lec- in autumn of 2009. By bundling together times, and Research Training Groups tureships has increased significantly in the scientific skills of DLR and Stuttgart three times. the last few years. In 2009, around 250 University and through collaboration on scientists were tasked with delivering new joint research areas combined with Sponsorships lectures, tutorials, seminars etc. at uni- joint teaching events, the goal is to jointly versities and colleges. shape the future and strengthen their Sponsorships are a successful tool for leading national and international posi- rapid technology transfer through indi- Combined appointments form a central tions. As a further institutionalised form viduals and also enable highly qualified element of the links that individual em- of collaboration with universities DLR young talent to be secured for research ployees have to higher education. All founded the Munich Aerospace e.V. joint and development in science and eco- heads of DLR institutes must also accept faculty in collaboration with Munich nomics. This involves companies taking an appointment to a position in higher Technical University, the Universität der over half the costs for the training of education, meaning that alongside their Bundeswehr München (University of the young scientists, who are engaged by positions in the institutes, the DLR heads Federal Armed Forces Munich) and Bau- DLR for a period of between three and of institutes take on a university profes- haus Luftfahrt. As the joint research, four years to work in areas of equal in- sorship with all the rights and duties to development & training department for terest to DLR and the company. A por- the university this entails. Combined ap- aerospace, Munich Aerospace e.V is to tion of this time is spent at the company. pointments based on the qualification bring together the partners’ diverse sci- A total of 41 sponsorships were overseen criteria of both partners ensure that po- entific and technical expertise to collab- within DLR in 2009. sitions are filled by the best candidate oratively identify new research goals and and give the scientist appointed increased raise Munich’s science landscape to the Collaboration within ACARE potential for research and teaching. In status of an attractive European aero- the last reporting year two initiatives space training center. DLR held a national ACARE workshop on 10 September 2009 as part of the Participation in DFG programmes German Aerospace Congress at Aachen. Following an overview of current devel- Integration into the programs of the opments in European aerospace research Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG and ACARE (Advisory Council for Aero- - German Research Foundation) is an im- nautical Research in Europe), representa- portant measure of the quality of DLR tives of the German universities, industry research work. DFG’s “co-ordinated pro- and research exchanged experiences in grammes” support extensive interdisci- the 7th framework program and discussed plinary networks of researchers dedi- possible approaches for the way forward cated to a broader range of topics. The in Europe. Foundation supports Collaborative Re- search Centres that focus on excellence Following the publication of the adden- in research, priority programmes de- dum to the strategic research agenda a signed to develop pools of expertise, year ago ACARE analysed current devel-

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opments around aeronautics and air The negotiation phase for last year’s FCH and to highlight the political need for transport research, summarising this in a JTI is in its closing stages with the third rapid implementation of GMES (Global document. The “background document” quarter of 2010 being envisaged as the Monitoring for Environment and Secu- was presented, together with the results project start for successful applications rity). of the EU projects AGAPE (analysis of with DLR participation. achievement of the goals of Vision 2020) On 2 February 2010 DLR held its tradi- and MEFISTO (analysis of impact of pre- In parallel, as in previous years, DLR par- tional New Year reception in Brussels vious aeronautics projects in the 5th and ticipated through its membership of the representing the state of Lower Saxony, 6th framework programs) in an ACARE European groups (EREA, ECTRI, …) in with aeronautics being the technical workshop held during ILA on 10 June the preparation of the next tenders, to focus this year. Following a welcome 2010. ACARE thus laid the foundations be published at the end of July 2010. address by Prof. Wörner and Secretary for new vision and strategy processes in of State Dr. Liersch, a discussion was European aeronautics research. While the 7th framework program is ex- held before around 160 guests between actly halfway through, the preparatory Andras Siegler, Director of Transport in Collaboration with the EU activities of the Commission and the European Commission’s Directorate- various players in preparation of the 8th General for Research, and Prof. Szodruch In the calls to tender for the 7th frame- framework program are being finalised. in his role as Co-Chairman of ACARE work program published on 30 July 2009, DLR participates here both by virtue of and senior aeronautics representative completed at end last year/beginning its own positions in the context of Euro- for DLR, concerning the future strategic this year, which included the topics of pean consultations (e.g. on the EU 2020 direction of aeronautics research in transport (including aeronautics), space- Strategy on the future of transport) and Europe. The technology platform of flight, energy and safety, DLR once again also indirectly through contributions to ACARE (Advisory Council for Aeronauti- participated successfully in a wide range the positions of the Federal Government, cal Research in Europe), as the leading of project applications. Expert opinion HGF and other groups such as EREA, European technology platform, was regards DLR as the most successful sin- ECTRI and N.ERGHY. gle participant from Germany in spaceflight, participating in 15 projects with On 3 September 2009 DLR, in collabora- total funding of more than 4 million tion with the German Embassy in Bel- euros (out of a total for tenders of 111 gium and the Brussels city authorities, million euros) and acting as co-ordinator opened the exhibition “What a Sight: on two of these. Space looking out for world heritage” in a small but excellent event. In the exhibi- DLR secured over 9 million euros in aero tion, displayed from 3 September to 8 nautics, participating successfully in 23 October 2009 on the park railings oppo- projects (acting as co-ordinator in 5) and site the Royal Chateau in Brussels, 30 in the process increased its share of the panels were exhibited showing photo- total available tender amount from the graphs produced from remote sensing previous 5% or so to around 8% (out of data of selected UNESCO World Herit- a total for tenders of 108 million euros). age Sites. With these DLR wishes to use With a success rate of just below 50%, artistic images to raise public awareness - DLR is well above the average success in Brussels but primarily in Europe as a rate – of around 20% – in aeronautics. whole – of the capabilities of remote sensing technology and in particular of Through N.ERGHY, the European associ- DLR technology, to raise awareness of ation of research facilities, DLR continues the need to protect the environment, to participate actively in the constitution of tenders under the fuel cell and hydrogen joint technology initiative (FCH JTI). In June 2010 the 3rd call from FCH JTI was published with a tender volume of approximately 90 million euros. As in previous years DLR will again participate in project applications for these tenders.

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highlighted as an example for joint Euro- On 1 December 2009 on the 15th anni- pean strategy planning to be followed versary of EREA the EREA board held by individual implementation by all part- discussions in a high-level policy seminar ners. Director Siegler explained the with senior representatives from industry, Commission’s general transport policy the European Commission, member states, goals for low-carbon transport. In addi- SESAR, and Clean Sky, covering joint un- tion to the development of alternatives dertakings experience and the expecta- to road transport and improved integra- tions of EREA. The contributions made tion of transport networks, the techno- clear that EREA has developed into one logical contribution of aeronautics of the key players in European aeronau- research must also play its part. The tics research. Future expectations of EREA examples put forward by DLR manage- in the area of pioneering are high, par- ment illustrated how well placed DLR is ticularly on the part of the Commission. in this area and how it will continue to contribute substantially in the future to In the subsequent annual reception D. the development of sustainable air trans- Maugars, the departing EREA chairman, port. welcomed around 140 guests from the European Parliament, the European European groups (EREA, EERA, ECTRI) Commission, industry, research and member states. Together with Director On 23 September 2009 the Association J.-R. Smits, he awarded the EREA Best of European Research Establishments in Paper Award of 2009 to a team from Aeronautics (EREA) organised for the CIRA who won by a considerable mar- first time a comprehensive seminar on gin. the preparation of competitive EU applications. The EREA concept was based At the EREA Board Meeting of 2 Decem- on the DLR internal information events ber 2009 M. Peters, succeeding Prof. F. which are held regularly on DLR sites Abbink as CEO of NLR, was elected the within the framework of the DLR train- new EREA chairman. D. Maugars will, as ing programme by DLR Brussels office, in previous periods, also serve as vice- Administrative Infrastructure, and the chairman in the interests of a smooth national contact offices for aerospace handover and to provide support. The based within DLR. In the EREA seminar Board of EREA also approved the modifi- participants received practical tips and cation to EREA’s strategy discussed in experience gained by the Brussels repre- early 2009. Accordingly EREA’s focus will sentatives of EREA belonging to DLR, continue to be on representing joint in- INTA and ONERA, together with infor- terests in relation to politics and industry. mation from European Commission An important prerequisite for this is scientific officers regarding tenders however collaboration throughout the EU currently on the table. This event was and also in bilateral or trilateral projects attended by around 40 potential appli- which should strengthen the effective- cants from EREA member facilities. ness and transparency of EREA both internally and externally, and in individual cases potentially lead to further links between institutions.

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DLR membership of the European Con- Collaboration with NLR Collaboration with CNES ference of Transport Research Institutes (ECTRI) continues to develop very suc- Although SESAR’s administration board The DLR-CNES working group, tasked cessfully. Dr. Piehler, Program Director had decided to set up an associate with producing a proposal for a joint for Transport, represents the Association membership of the SESAR Joint Under- climate observation mission, has devel- as elected secretary and Board member. taking it had not yet been possible to oped the concept of a Franco-German His sphere includes strategic develop- secure the membership of AT-One. for mission to observe the greenhouse gas ment of the Association, optimisation of research facilities amongst others, in methane (CH4), with a launch scheduled leadership processes and improvement contrary to previous announcements. for 2014 onward. On 4th February 2010 of public perception. DLR is correspond- Because SESAR focuses mainly on imple- the Franco-German Council of Ministers ingly playing an intensive role in the rele- mentation of the master plan, it is cur- explicitly approved the joint construction vant working groups (strategy, prepara- rently unclear how mid- to long-term of a methane observation satellite under tion for the 8th research framework research in the field of ATM (air traffic the 2020 Franco-German agenda. program, etc). In addition a weekly management), which transcends SESAR newsletter prepared by DLR Brussels concepts, can be facilitated at European Germany is developing the instrument office keeps ECTRI members up-to-date level. For this purpose a working group payload, an Integrated Path Differential with current information on transport- was set-up within ACARE to identify the Absorption (IPDA) LIDAR. France is lead- related developments and decisions in need and any potential shortfalls. Both ing the development and operation of Brussels. At specialist level DLR is mean- DLR and NLR are represented on this the satellite based on the French Myri- while represented in working groups in working group in order to pool shared ade platform. every topic, in some cases with several interests and capabilities. Institute members. In order to intensify collaboration be- In parallel SESAR, in the framework of a tween DLR and CNES under the Euro- Analogously with EREA in aviation and workshop in Brussels, has presented the pean spaceflight policy, a working group ECTRI in surface transportation, EERA tenders planned for this year with regard on launcher development has been cre- (the European Energy Research Alliance) to longer-term advanced ATM research. ated. Under the strategic objective of was founded to better represent the in- DLR and NLR will be participating and guaranteed European access to space, terests of the national energy research leading these tenders in the framework this working group has to investigate facilities. EERA is part of the European of the AT-One joint subsidiary. further development of the ARIANE 5 Commission’s “Strategic Energy Technol- rockets and the prospects for a new ogy Plan (SET-Plan)”, of which official Collaboration with ONERA generation of launchers. The results membership is restricted to one facility should be presented by the end of 2010. per country. The German place is filled Both at the DLR/ONERA steering com- by HGF, currently represented by Dr. Fritz mittee and on the occasion of the Joint of Karlsruhe. A guiding principle here is Executive Board Meeting there was dis- the analysis of existing programme activ- cussion on the now virtually extinct ex- ities with regard to a better and more changes between in particular younger efficient programme organisation. DLR is scientists. As the first step towards the represented both in technical working strengthening of such scientific exchange groups relevant to DLR and in adminis- two joint workshops for younger scien- trative/legal working groups. Further- tists – one in France, the other in Ger- more DLR supports HGF in the co-ordi- many – are planned for 2010. nation of an EU project to develop the EERA Secretariat in order to be able to shape the development of EERA centrally.

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exchange regarding UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). Cooperation with AFRL has great potential since AFRL, just like DLR, is aligned towards long-term technology development. Collaboration with AFRL has already been in place for many areas, such as in laser research for over 25 years.

In the summer and autumn of 2009 the relationship with the USNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the field of Space weather was also intensified. Space weather is of great importance for example for accurate navigation on earth using GPS signals, and is ESA summer school in Alpbach with German students, sponsored by DLR and German extensively conditioned by solar activity. consultants The meetings and negotiations culmi- nated in an MoU on Space Weather between DLR and NOAA signed in Wash- Relations with NASA were intensified ington in December 2009 on the festive International and extended by reciprocal visits. Thus occasion of the DLR Christmas reception. in August 2009 Prof. Wörner met the Cooperation with NOAA is also to be ex- Collaboration new NASA Administrator, Mr Bolden, tended in other areas in the future. who in turn visited DLR in Stuttgart, USA together with a delegation, in February Energy research plays an ever-increasing 2010. In order to provide structure and role in collaboration with the USA. To In the USA discussion of spaceflight was support for cooperation with NASA it address this development Prof. Wörner shaped by the re-alignment of NASA and was decided at a meeting held between visited the US National Renewable En- President Obama’s new Space policy. Prof. Wörner and Lori Garver (Deputy ergy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, Colo- Although the modified structure and re- Administrator of NASA) during ILA 2010 rado in December 2009. NREL and DLR tasking of NASA are not yet finalised, a in Berlin to establish a framework agree- are conducting joint research in the field clear trend can be seen towards greater ment between DLR and NASA. The new of solar thermal systems. openness and internationalisation in US collaboration is expressly intended to spaceflight policy. This was underpinned cover not only spaceflight but also aero- Canada in the summer of 2010 by the Space pol- nautics, such as the cooperation discus- icy announced by President Obama which sions currently in progress in the fields of Construction of the satellite receiver explicitly highlighted the importance and Air Traffic Management, Rotorcraft and station at Inuvik in the north-west of prospects of international cooperation. Climate & Aviation. Canada stands clearly at the forefront of collaboration with Canada. DLR con- Collaboration with the Air Force Research structed the antenna in August 2009, Laboratory (AFRL) has been specifically and this was prepared for TanDEM-X extended. The cooperation agreement reception in autumn 2009. This coopera- for collaboration in DLR SHEFEX (Sharp tion however extends far beyond mere Edge Flight Experiment) research program data reception, and DLR is collaborating was able to be signed on that occasion, very closely with the Canada Centre for together with the agreement on data Remote Sensing (CCRS) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) in joint analysis of radar satellite data. This cooperation was also expanded to include commercial data and data service providers such as Infoterra (Germany) and MDA (Mac- Donald Dettwiler, Canada).

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Japan 2009 from 18th to 23rd August 2009). The majority of exhibits were selected Thanks to a strategic dialogue between for their significance to German/Russian DLR and JAXA the collaboration be- cooperation. The main event was the tween Japan and DLR received strong signature of the “Agreement between support in Tokyo in August 2009. In the the Russian Federal Space Agency and context of this dialogue an agreement DLR for collaboration on the Russian/ for greater collaboration on catastrophe German “Spektrum-Röntgen-Gamma” protection was signed. In addition nu- astrophysics space observatory”. The merous discussions were agreed upon German contribution accounts for the covering potential cooperation, for exam- main payload: the X-ray telescope eR- ple in the field of combustion research or OSITA (extended Roentgen Survey with other areas of earth observation. Long- an Imaging Telescope Array). The devel- standing cooperation, such as in plane- opment & construction of this telescope tary research and aeronautics, was ex- was led by the Max Planck Institute for tended further. Extraterrestrial Physics, located in Garch- ing. This project is sponsored by DLR in Vladimir Putin, Prime Minister of the Russian Russia the framework of the German national Federation, at the DLR stand seen here with Space program. In parallel, the first a model of the eROSITA telescope. Prof. On 14th July 2009 the 105-day space “Young scientists’ seminar” was held Wörner and Professor Morfill, Director of flight simulation experiment in the with young specialists from the Zent- the Institute for Astrophysics (left to right) are handing over a picture of the ATV “Mars-500” framework, with german ralen Aero-Hydrodynamischen Institut produced in Bremen. contributions was completed at the In- (ZAGI, Central Aero Hydrodynamics In- stitute for Biological/Medical Problems stitute) and aeronautics institutes from (IBMP) of the Russian Academy of Sci- within DLR. A follow-up seminar was ences. Accompanied by prominent rep- held as part of the aeronautics program resentatives of Roskosmos and ESA, at ILA 2010. The goal of the seminar Prof. Wörner welcomed the international was to develop a network of young sci- composition of the crew as they left the entists as part of DLR-ZAGI cooperation. research laboratory at the Institute for Biological/Medical Problems in Moscow. In the course of ILA 2010 a framework The event was recognized with an inter- agreement was signed by Prof. Perminow, national Press conference. The crew of the leader of the Russian Federal Space six included Federal Army serviceman Agency, and by Prof. Wörner together Oliver Knickel. The question at the heart of the Mars-500 study is: how can a person’s physical and mental performance be maintained under the extreme conditions of a long-term Space mission? The Deutsche Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR, German Aerospace Center), in common with IBMP and ESA, the European Space Agency, contributed substantially to Mars-500 with DLR research institutes contributing to several experiments. In addition DLR provided financial support for the project in its role as national space agency on behalf of the German Federal Government.

For the third time since 2005, DLR participated with its own exhibit in MAKS, the Moscow Aerospace Fair (MAKS

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with Mr Hohage for a long-term cooper- operation) also participated. The goal of ation programme for scientific research the program was to promote European/ under zero-gravity conditions in “FOTON- Ukrainian collaboration in the field of M” and “BION-M” type space vehicles. spaceflight.

On 14th June 2010 at the Russian Gen- Over the past two years, a total of 42 eral Consulate in Bonn,already the 4th experts from DLR and CNES have worked German/Russian spaceflight conference on more than 80 missions. 45 seminars was held. These have been arranged by and conferences have been held, with the General Consulate of the Russian more than 300 presentations. The pro- Federation in Bonn, by the Russian space- gramme has included three study trips flight agency (ROSKOSMOS) and by DLR and three practical events extending spaceflight management. The theme of over several weeks at the premises of the conference this year was “Research- DLR, CNES and ESA. In total more than ing the universe: latest technologies in 1,600 specialists from the spaceflight the service of science”. The main thrust sector were involved from the Ukrainian Prof. Hua Jun, the new deputy CEO of CAE, of presentations have been reports side. DLR was represented at the closing seen here with Prof. Szodruch, DLR Board on respective projects in this scientific event by a delegation led by Dr. Schmidt- member during the meeting in Peking sector and presentations on results so far Tedd, the head of the legal department achieved in shared projects. The focus of in spaceflight management. The hard- Russian spaceflight research and techno- working employees of CNES, DLR and logical development is on solar system the Ukrainian spaceflight agency were research, with particular reference to the commended for the work they had done Moon, using electrically operated probes. over the previous two years.

Ukraine China

Under the keen gaze of the regional On 12th April 2010, in the course of a media, on 15th March 2010 in Kiev the delegation visit by DLR led by Board closing meeting of the twinning pro- member Prof. Szodruch, the 24th “Joint gramme “Boosting Ukrainian Space Committee Meeting” (JCM) was held Co-operation with the European Union” with the “Chinese Aeronautical Estab- was held. “Twinning” is an EU neigh- lishment” (CAE). German/Chinese col- bourhood policy tool, and in this instance laboration celebrates a particular anni- was financed to the tune of 1.5 million versary this year. Thirty years ago on euros. The contract partner on the 15th April 1980 the “Special Agreement” Ukrainian side was Ukraine’s national was signed between DFVLR e. V. and spaceflight agency, and on the European the CAE. This was followed in Peking on side a consortium of CNES-DLR/ BMWi 19th October 2005 by an extension to in which ADETEF (the French association the existing agreement. The main con- for the development of economic and tent of this extended agreement was financial exchange in technology) and participation by the European and Chi- GTZ (German Society for Technical Co- nese aeronautics industries in the future projects of both organisations.

The Chinese aeronautics industry has been greatly centralised over recent years, and from the two divisions of “Aviation Industries of China” (AVIC I

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and AVIC II) a centralised state corpora- urban and rural planning and in particu- tion (AVIC) has emerged. In the course lar in safety and environmental manage- of this merger process CAE has been ment. Visits were made to potential users completely reconfigured and now re of remote sensing data such as for ex- presents with its institutes the research ample the national crisis prevention center. basis for the greater part of the Chinese In the course of a two-day workshop aviation industry. organised by the local German Embassy, specialist topics could be discussed in An important goal of the China visit was detail. This workshop was very well re- to achieve a stronger relationship with ceived. Mr Reiter visited high-ranking the new senior management of CAE. At political representatives. Both members the joint committee meeting in Peking of the DLR party and representatives there was reporting on the development from industry had a very positive view Prof. Szodruch and Dr. Upadhya during the of joint research projects over the past of the visits. signing of the MoU three years, and options for new projects were discussed. India frastructure, such as wind tunnels, air- Kazakhstan From 20th to 23rd July 2010 Dr. G. Mad- craft from DLR fleet and the laboratories havan Nair, Chairman, High Powered could be shown to the delegation. The During the meeting in Bremen in May Committee-National Civil Aircraft Devel- guests appeared impressed by the infra- 2009 between the chairman of the opment (HPC-NCAD), CSIR and Dr. A.R. structure. Kazakhstan Space agency “Kaskosmos” Upadhya, Director National Aerospace and Prof. Wörner it was agreed to work Laboratories (NAL), visited the Stuttgart, Brazil towards greater depth of collaboration Brunswick, Göttingen and Cologne sites between the two organisations. This was for meetings on bilateral collaboration. Dr. Ganem, chairman of the Brazilian particularly prompted by growing demand Prof. Szodruch welcomed the delegation Space agency AEB, attended the COSPAR for earth observation capabilities in to Brunswick and expressed his appreci- conference from 19th to 23rd July 2010 Kazakhstan, for which the resources of ation for the many years of successful going on to visit various DLR sites. In the DLR and of the German spaceflight in- collaboration between DLR and the In- course of talks within the framework of dustry are building the foundations. A dian aeronautics research organisation. COSPAR Prof. Wörner and Mr Reiter DLR delegation travelled to Astana and The visit followed an invitation given welcomed the delegation and expressed Almaty in October to conduct the meet- during the 1-week workshop in January their appreciation for the many years’ ings necessary to the negotiation of a 2010 in Bangalore. The intention of the of successful collaboration between DLR framework agreement and to assure workshop was to achieve greater collab- and the Brazilian spaceflight research themselves of the possibilities offered by oration with NAL for mutual benefit. organisations. Dedicated technical talks Kazakhstan space research in the con- The workshop resulted in both sides de- were consequently held with DLR experts text of a start-up seminar. The “Agree- claring their intention to conduct joint at the Oberpfaffenhofen, Lampolds ment for collaboration in the exploration projects in the future for mutual techno- hausen and Bonn sites to discuss details and exploitation of Space for peaceful logical gain. The high point of the visit purposes” was prepared ready for signa- was the signature of an MoU whose ture at ILA 2010. purpose is joint research & development of a concept for the design of a regional Mexiko aircraft and joint wind-tunnel testing. During the site the existing research in- Mr Reiter and a delegation from DLR and the German spaceflight industry visited Mexico City in May to present Ger- man spaceflight technology in research and applications to a selected audience of scientists, politicians and the military. There is great demand currently in Mexico for applications in navigation, tourism,

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of the topics for collaboration. Particular visited institutions and research organi- objectives of the talks included collabo- sations in the Turkish spaceflight sector ration in research under space condi- in Ankara and in Istanbul. The contacts tions, especially research rocket technol- made and the knowledge and experi- ogy. Brazil has for many years supplied ence exchanged during the visits have reliable rocket motors for the TEXUS laid excellent foundations for future joint science program as part of the national projects. programme, as well as for ESA’s high-altitude research programmes. Long-term Poland availability of the Brazilian contribution is of great value to German zero-gravity Central and Eastern European states are research. Ways in which DLR and the becoming increasingly significant to Eu- Photo: Niklas Hedman of the United Nations German spaceflight industry could sup- ropean space flight collaboration. DLR is Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA), Prof. Johann-Dietrich Wörner (DLR), S.E. port the Brazilian partners in further de- eager to establish trusted collaboration Ciro Arévalo-Yepes (Chairman UNCOPUOS), velopment of motors were discussed. with these countries even before the Dr. Christoph Becker and Andreas Wolke entry of some of these to the European Turkey Spaceflight Agency ESA, one example being Poland. A Turkish delegation visited three DLR sites in September 2009. Thirteen dele- Contacts and joint projects with PAW, gates from the Turkish TÜBITAK research the Space Research Centre within the organisation and leading Turkish space- Polish Academy of Sciences, have existed flight companies were able to gain an for several years. Mr Reiter, DLR Board impression of the capabilities of German representative for spaceflight research & spaceflight research through visits to development, took a DLR delegation to Cologne, Bremen and the Munich area. visit Warsaw in November 2009 at the At all three sites the scientists and ex- invitation of the chairman of PAW. In perts met not only DLR researchers but the course of several meetings with rep- also representatives of German space- resentatives of PAW and from universi- flight companies, and visited the premises ties and specialist authorities from across of their respective companies. Great in- Poland numerous areas of shared inter- terest in achieving fuller collaboration est and research, such as flood preven- was confirmed on both the German and tion, were identified and further collabo- Turkish sides. ration agreed.

Following the success of this initial con- Romania tact, another visit was planned to allow both the personal exchange of knowl- In May 2010 Prof. Szodruch, DLR Board edge between scientists and experts representative for the aeronautics field, from research and industry and also for visited the Romanian National Institute the German specialists to extend their for Aerospace Research “Elie Carafoli” knowledge of the Turkish spaceflight (INCAS) in Bucharest. During the visit sector. DLR organised a delegation visit there were talks with representatives to Turkey for this purpose in February from the Romanian Academy of Sci- 2010 when 14 delegates from Germany ences, presentations on Romanian aeronautical research and a visit to the Insti- tute that has a wind tunnel. Finally, a cooperation accord between DLR and INCAS covering aeronautics was signed.

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United Nations and international UN-SPIDER (United Nations Platform organisations for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and A New Year reception was held on Emergency Response) 1st February 2010 at the residence of Germany’s permanent representative From 21st to 23rd October 2009 in collab- to the United Nations for the Vienna- oration between UNOOSA and DLR and based UN establishments and multilat- with support from the United Nations eral organisations, together with a Convention to Combat Desertification “working lunch on sustainable energy (UNCCD), the 3rd International UN SPIDER supply in particular through solar power workshop was organised on the United systems”, at which high-ranking repre- Nations campus in Bonn for 150 attend- UN-SPIDER Workshop 2009: Prof. Johann- sentatives from UNIDO (UN Industrial ees. For the first time, UN SPIDER also Dietrich Wörner (DLR), Dr. Robert Backhaus Development Organisation), the OPEC targeted precautionary measures ahead (UN-SPIDER), Dr. Annette Froehlich (DLR) and Fund and ambassadors from countries of catastrophes. His Excellency Rüdiger Lüdeking, Germany’s rich in solar energy held an intensive standing delegate at the United Nations, discussion on the rising demand for en- ”We look forward to a successful collab- Vienna ergy. On the same day DLR also visited oration between DLR and UN SPIDER in UNOOSA, the United Nations Office for the provision of satellite data for disaster Outer Space Affairs. A range of DLR re- areas and in the conduct of technical ad- search results were given to the COPUOS visory missions for developing countries”, meetings in the form of a technical pres- Prof. Wörner emphasised in his speech. by more than 60 participants from 17 entation for the International Space “Thanks to intensive exchange of infor- countries. ZKI had already attended the Association. mation and specialist knowledge, the 18th cartographic UN regional conference foundation for further cooperation in for south-east Asia in Bangkok, held UNESCO (United Nations the future has been laid”. His Excellency 26-29 October 2009, which looked at Educational, Scientific and Neville Gertze, the Namibian ambassa- the expansion of national and regional Cultural Organization) dor to Germany, welcomed this support geo-data infrastructures and their effi- for his country which in recent years had cient utilisation for crisis management. The DLR-UNESCO exhibition “What a been increasingly affected by flood dis- Sight: Space Looking Out for World asters. The guest speaker was Rüdiger Heritage” took place in autumn in Lüdeking, the head of the German per- Brussels and at the UN building in Bonn. manent mission to the United Nations in These satellite pictures of world heritage Vienna, who took the opportunity to sites provide unique views of the Earth, visit DLR on this occasion and gleaned and also show the marks left there by extensive information on German space- mankind. At the end of November 2009 flight skills and their place in the interna- at the German permanent mission at the tional environment. United Nations in Vienna, a presentation took place on the DLR/UNESCO collabo- The regional UN SPIDER workshop in ration for the protection of world heritage Ecuador also concerned itself with space- sites using satellite data. Many of the 33 flight-supported applications relating to embassy representatives from 25 coun- disaster management. This took place tries expressed keen interest in this initi- from 29 September to 2 October 2009 ative, which is also supported by DUK with support from ZKI (Center for Satel- (Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission, the lite-based Crisis Information), amongst German UNESCO Commission, Bonn). other bodies, in Quito and was attended This event again made clear that the DLR/UNESCO venture for remote sensing of world heritage sites and biosphere reserves is excellently suited to raise the wider public’s awareness of the benefits of modern remote sensing satellites.

79 Economic Development > Partners

great interest, with the TanDEM-X mis- Some highlights : Communications sion blog in particular yielding a high re- - Flights by DLR Falcon 20E research air- sponse, together with that of DLR Board craft began on 19th April following the DLR Communications is responsible for Chairman. The English-language content closure of major sections of European all aspects of DLR portrayal to the out- of the reporting on DLR activities around airspace after the eruption of Iceland’s side world: press communications work, the volcanic ash cloud flights in April Eyjafjallajökull volcano. Media interest cross-media activities, fairs, exhibitions 2010 helped retain a high international was focused on DLR from day one, with and other events, publications (DLR profile for these. magazine, echtzeit, company brochures), positive reporting on DLR throughout the mission in around 900 articles from audiovisual media and visits. It also en- The introduction of a quarterly qualita- all media sources. sures that DLR presents a consistent tive media analysis made it possible for image (CD/CI) to the public. the first time to observe and technically - Another major point was the com- assess media attitudes to DLR in the mencement of the TanDEM-X mission Last year it was possible to achieve a press, and with it in the public eye. DLR on 21st June, with the launch event marked increase in DLR profile in rele- space research and development re- being very well received by both guests vant areas such as the media and the ceives most coverage in the media, with and by employees. High media atten- broader public as well as decision-mak- around 1,000 articles. There was how- tion was attained by virtue of the mis- ers in politics, science and business. This ever already a positive perception of the sion blog, which had already been is reflected in the increasing visits to DLR energy and transport areas, conditioned started ahead of the event. web portal, in its positive media image by the structural changes within DLR - Thanks to the focused appearance by and in reactions to its latest trade show Public Relations in 2009. appearance. The closer relationship be- DLR at ILA 2010 – in the spaceflight tween the sites and DLR Communica- hall, on its own stand and in the static tions department has also helped im- The media role played by DLR was display – DLR clearly demonstrated its prove the efficiency of public relations. shown during the activities around the leading aerospace position in Germany. DLR has positioned itself as a determin- volcanic ash cloud in April and May. The ing element in shaping opinion in the co-ordinated approach and the concen- media landscape and in the minds of tration of Press activities together with the public, especially in aerospace. This extremely high personal input from all is shown by the new quarterly qualita- involved gave DLR, as a research institu- Political and tive media analysis. tion whose scientific work also yields economic benefit, a consistently positive Economic Communication with the public via DLR image with all target groups. web portal is a key task of cross-media Relations activities. The introduction of new edito- The over 70 fairs and exhibitions at- rial formats such as web news, report- “Politics is an important area of objec- tended last year through the Events tives for DLR”. These were the words of age, interviews and webcast has deci- Department elevated the outside world’s sively enhanced the information Prof. Wörner, chairman of the executive perception of DLR to a new level. One board of DLR, in 2010 in an in-house provided. The portal receives 160,000 of the major points was DLR keenly ob- visits monthly, generating on average strategy meeting; as early as 2008, he served presence at ILA 2010 (the Inter- had set up an organisational unit de- over 1 million page views. The DLR blogs national Aerospace Exhibition). The new introduced in January 2010 produced voted to “Political and economic condi- stand concept was presented for the tions”. first time in Berlin together with a re- designed image. Correspondingly, this department held countless background and information discussions with the Chairman of the Board and other Board members and members of DLR management, as well as members of the government and delegates from the Federal and state governments and the European Parliament, or organised these for the Board.

80 WirtschaftlicheEconomic Entwicklung Development > Beziehungen > Partners

Accordingly, at the fringes of the “DLR Desertec initiative) and topics from the in dialogue” discussion platform newly fields of safety research and transpor- called into existence by the Department, tation research; there were extensive talks between the - Special events taking in political circles chairman of the Board and leading poli- concerning current affairs, e.g.: “vol- ticians, such as Vice Chancellor Dr. West- canic ash problem” and possible reper- erwelle, Federal minister Brüderle who cussions on research policy was responsible for dealings with DLR, and the chief parliamentary director of - High-profile events for politics and the SPD, Mr. Oppermann, covering top- business, such as the one held at the ics such as DLR focal points of research Speyer Museum of Technology on the and strategic objectives. These and simi- occasion of the 40th anniversary of the lar activities between DLR and politics first manned Moon landing serve to maintain and to deepen the ex- - Preparation of support for the 20th an- cellent relationship between DLR, which niversary of German unification with is predominantly a State-funded major joint activities between DLR, the research establishment and agency, and Bremen Senate and the Office of the its “stakeholders” at Federal and re- President of the Federal Republic of gional level. Germany The following high points can be se- - Design of a publication for politics and lected as examples within the reporting business covering German spaceflight period: centers and their relationship with politics and business - Departure of the chairman of many years’ standing of the Aerospace par- - Introduction of Prof. Wagner, the new liamentary group (“PGLR”), MdB Kurt DLR representative for energy and Rossmanith and the support of his suc- transport research, at parliamentary cessor, MdB Klaus-Peter Willsch level - Exhibition within the Federal parlia- - The extension of support at DLR sites ment “A country grows together”: the on high-level issues of political and first exhibition following the constitu- economic relations. tion of the 17th German parliament and presentation of “One DLR” to the MdB According to Prof. Wörner the purpose - Support for the European Inter-parlia- of DLR “relations with politics and busi- mentary Space Conference (“EWK”), ness” is – in particular – to be seen as for the International Astronautical “one DLR”. To that extent, the organisa- Federation (“IAF”) and for ILA, the tional unit’s political communications International Aerospace fair in Berlin with relevant economic decision-makers consolidates DLR position both as an or- - Information trips concerning DLR ganisation of excellence within Germany’s “products” and international space- research infrastructure, and as the na- flight events for politicians and busi- tional spaceflight agency. ness leaders (high altitude parabolic flights, Shuttle launches). - Thorough political consultation, for example on parliamentary budget procedures, on topics such as the robotics performance center, the science leisure initiative, preparation of the new Ger- man spaceflight strategy, sustainable energy research (DLR concept for the

81 People

do Mathematics, IT, Natural sciences and Gender Equality Technology”), a BMBF project intended to win more girls over to careers in these and Work Life fields. This initiative has been embraced in DLR by DLR_School_Labs. Individual Balance young but experienced female scientists are put forward as role models and pro- To mark the 10th anniversary of gender vide events such as the “Science first equality within DLR a corporate brochure hand” girls’ day for schoolgirls. Many on this topic has been released, present- female DLR scientists participate as men- ing women within DLR who work in par- tors in a large number of mentoring ticularly unusual roles in aerospace. The programs operated by higher education successful development of measures colleges and universities. These activities established over the years to strike a are co-ordinated by the Equal Opportu- family / work balance is documented nities Department. by various awards under the work and family audit and the “Total E-Quality” Family Consultation is a new focal point. principle. Employees report on their ex- DLR employees are generally supported perience of opportunities for a balanced and advised in their search for childcare lifestyle within DLR. The broad compass options or the care of needy depend- of the subject of equal opportunities is ents. One particular task here however addressed, from a report looking specifi- is the provision of childcare for the very cally at women’s personal development young. This project “closing gaps” can through to hierarchically targeted pro- demonstrate some initial successes, per- motion of new intake. manent allocation of places in the Co- logne and Bremen sites are arranged The future promotion of new talents will and consultations for other sites are in be addressed particularly toward girls progress. and young women. Thus in August 2009 DLR joined the German national “Komm Since 2009 all DLR employees starting mach MINT” initiative (“Come on and young families receive a card with good wishes from the board and a baby romper suit bearing the DLR logo to emphasise to them the genuinely family-friendly nature of the organisation. This initiative is a great success, as is shown by the wealth of positive feedback.

82 Economic Development > People

Human Resources Personnel 2007 2008 2009 Employees 5,627 5,880 6,485 Qualification and promotion measures for human resources development are Scientific associates (total) 3,046 3,295 3,677 planned according to need and demand. There was again a significant rise in the Permanent /fixed-term contracts 3,104/2,523 3,148/2,732 3,229/3,256 level of take-up for in-house training programs in 2009: 460 training and re- Proportion of women training events in all were held for employees, management, and young man- - total 30% 30% 30% agement talents (excluding mandatory - in management positions 13% 14% 14% events for management concerning the - scientific associates 12% 16% 17% introduction of performance-related pay). The dropout rate in training pro- Young scientists 93 86 63 grams was able to be kept consistently Doctoral candidates 607 670 734 below 20% (18% in 2009). 75 events (internal/external) were planned at short notice to cope Trainees 247 252 252 with demand from users at the time.

The number of team workshops (events major strategic developments and deci- and abilities. Moreover, DLR presents it- tailored to specific organisational units) sions. This overcomes hierarchical barri- self as an attractive employer to the next was increased from 56 (2008) to 68. ers, promoting corporate identity. generation of scientists. By June 2010 This underlines the increasingly close re- applications had already been received lationship between the development of The DLR_Graduate_ Program was from 180 Ph.D. candidates. 46 training personnel and that of the organisation. launched at 1st July 2009, a new qualifi- courses and workshops were held within cation program open to all DLR Ph.D. the framework of the cross-institute Further, eight mentoring pairs from the students. In addition to professional qualification program. These events are previous year were continued. Due to qualifications, the programme covers im- continuously evaluated and conceptually personnel changes it was not possible to portant methodological, management redeveloped in accordance with the announce the new mentoring program and social skills that can be used directly feedback and needs of participants. until the end of 2009. during the promotion period and that boost the career in the long term as es- 57.2% of employees participated at least sential skills. Key areas include scientific once during 2009 in training programs, presentations and publications, project personnel development opportunities for management and third-party acquisition, management or in team workshops. On conflict management and conducting average, 2.1 days per year per employee negotiations, team leadership and inter- was spent on personnel development cultural skills. In addition, participants activities (retraining events or team have the opportunity to network with workshops) which, for the whole payroll, doctoral candidates throughout DLR, to comes to 13,854 days in 2009. present their topic at international conferences and publish it in professional The prime goal of personnel develop- journals. A team page with an inte- ment is to promote new scientific tal- grated database of abstracts promotes ents. For the sixth time, a moderated the specialised but informal exchange of forum was held between up-and-com- information between participants. ing management talents and the board of DLR. More than 70 potential candi- The DLR institutes profit from the doc- dates were able to discuss with the high- toral candidates’ increased knowledge est management levels and learn about

83 Economic Development > People

boarding processes) and (3) preparing to HR development and mobility 2007 2008 2009 supplement DLR external communica- Training days per employee 1.7 1.8 2.1 tions image with the new components now required for specific employer com- Mentoring pairs 7 8 8 munication, focused on the particular requirements of the defined target group. Assignments abroad (months) 586 545 487 The goal here is the embedding across all media of the target group’s perception of DLR as an attractive employer. Project management is a key competence The concept linked to talent manage- of DLR employees. The number of partic- ment, with systematic follow-up plan- The presence at trade fairs was also con- ipants in the four-day intensive training ning, falls under the responsibility of the tinuously expanded during the reporting course has been gradually increased to Deputy Chairman of the Board. Eight of period by Human Resources Marketing. 99 in 2009. Additional eight participants 17 applicants were accepted to the pro- Building on the first very positive feed- have attended specific training events to gramme after an extensive evaluation of back (both internal and external) from prepare for PMP® certification, the world’s their potential. Individual human resource the first “Fair season” in the New Year, most widespread and accepted qualifica- development plans will be generated DLR was present at a total of 11 higher tion in project management. covering two years and bindingly agreed education fairs between July 2009 and with all parties. June 2010. The department takes over In addition Personnel Development de- the entire organisation and co-ordina- partment has taken over the sub-project tion of appearances at fairs in this con- management for implementing projects text, ensuring a consistent image in the career path - comparable to the man- Human Resources sense of DLR employer brand identity. agement career path in DLR. New re- It also ensures that institute representa- quirement profiles based on knowledge, Development tives attend fairs able to act as direct experience and skills are currently being contacts, with specific job opportunities. generated for project managers at vari- The “Profiling the DLR Employer Brand” It has already thus been possible for ous levels. In collaboration with external project, created in the first half of 2009, contacts made at fairs to directly fill va- higher education institutions, qualifica- was completed as planned in December cancies and to increase the number of tion programmes will be devised based 2009 with the development of employer qualified applications received. At the on this, extending to graduate level. brand positioning that was fully meshed “Aerospace day” in Cologne and the with DLR own brand. Following approval “50 years of Lampoldshausen” open day by the board in the first quarter of 2010 Human Resources Marketing also pro- the measures devised were assessed and vided visitors at its careers stand with in- suitably prioritized. Their successive im- formation on the subject of working plementation was initiated. The focal with, and entry opportunities at, DLR. points for implementation are (1) internal communication of the new employer A further focus of activities lay in secur- brand and its implications, (2) reviewing ing a regular presence in media specific and/or optimising the personnel recruit- to target groups. Ideally this is in the ing process (in particular recruitment/on- form of editorials in which employees talk first-hand about their exciting projects and positive experiences working for DLR.

84 Economic Development > People

German Staff German staff at ESA – a comparison Member state Number of Employees Financial contribution at ESA employees [%] [%] Germany 417 19,0 24,0 At the end of 2009, ESA retained a total of 2,122 employees in the salary brack- France 531 24,2 20,4 ets commensurate with “high-level employment”. The proportion of German Italy 384 17,5 14,0 employees at that time was 18.8%, so GB 219 10,0 10,5 well below Germany’s funding contribution of 23%. By contrast, France and Spain 169 7,7 6,8 Italy, in terms of their respective funding contributions, are markedly over-repre- Only 25% of participation in the launcher programme is taken into account for the sented. There are two main reasons for calculation of the respective financing contributions. the under-representation of German personnel within ESA. Firstly, there is an GTP envisages that 10 trainees annually attractive remuneration structure within be placed for one year in activity and Germany’s domestic aerospace industry. programme areas, to be selected by Secondly there is a noticeably low incli- Germany, within ESA, or for two years nation to work abroad for extended pe- where dictated by employment policy riods. Over the years this has led to a and programme needs. All information consistently low rate of applications, and job offers are accessible on DLR GTP below 10%. Despite these difficult con- web page. ditions, DLR has succeeded, through various tools such as an advisory service GTP trainees selected by the DLR work- for applicants or a relocation program ing group began their first placement in agreed with ESA, in achieving an aver- summer 2010 at ESA ESOC, ESTEC and age rate of 20% for new appointments. ESRIN sites. Together with their ESA col- leagues they worked in the fields of GTP, the German Trainee Programme, is earth observation, technology, manned a new tool for German personnel devel- spaceflight/launchers, science, satellite opment within an international organisa- operation, robotics, navigation and mis- tion. This program supports new German sion analysis. In this context Germany, academic intake and new employees with along with Spain, Portugal, Greece and ESA as they take up their employment, most recently the Czech Republic, have and helps with their career options. The put into practice their own new talent purpose of this in the mid- and long-term programmes with ESA. DLR next objec- is to improve the German share of per- tive will be to provide long-term funding sonnel, and as such accords with the ob- for GTP in order to ensure its sustained jective of the Federal government and capability. Parliament of increasing the proportion of German personnel within international organisations – such as in this instance ESA. GTP receives funding from BMWi and is financed under the national spaceflight program, in the first instance until 2011. For program purposes, GTP reports to DLR Management office. The programme is managed by the trans-de- partmental DLR working group, which was set up for ESA’s own recruiting purposes.

85 Commendations and Awards

In-house awards 2009 DLR Senior Scientist

DLR Science Prize - Dr. rer. nat. habil. Veronika Eyring, Institute of Atmospheric Physics - Heiko Hirschmüller Ph. D., Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics Prizes awarded by the Society of Friends of DLR (SoF) - Dr.-Ing. Marc Röger, Institute of Technical Thermodynamics Otto Lilienthal Research Semester - Dr.-Ing. Gerhard Krieger, Institute of DLR Research Semester Microwaves and Radar received the Otto Lilienthal research semester. A - Dr. rer. nat. Axel Amediek, research visit to the Jet Propulsion Lab- Institute of Atmospheric Physics oratory in Pasadena, California, USA is planned on the topic of “New radar - Dr.-Ing. Jens Baaran, Institut für technologies for systematic earth Institute of Composite Structures observation by satellites”. and Adaptive Systems Hugo-Denkmeier Prize - Dr. rer. nat. Johannes Bosbach, Institute - The prize was awarded to Dr. rer. Nat. of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology Susanne Lisinski (formerly of RWTH - Dr. phil. nat. Norbert Fürstenau, Aachen) as the youngest doctoral can- Institute of Flight Control didate to be awarded a doctorate with distinction in aerospace. - Dipl.-Ing. Gundolf Kopp, Institute of Vehicle Concepts Fritz-Rudorf Prize - In recognition of their services towards - Dr.-Ing. Heinrich Lüdeke, Institute of the foundation of the DLR Institute Aerodynamics and Flow Technology for aerospace systems in Bremen, this - Dr. rer. nat. Andreas Minikin, year’s Fritz-Rudorf prize went to Institute of Atmospheric Physics Dr. Alfred Saltzmann, DLR Bonn and Dr. Ludger Fröbel, DLR Köln-Porz. - Dipl.-Phys. Ulf Tapken, Institute of Propulsion Technology Chairman’s Prize - Mr. Ulf Noyer, Institute of Transporta- - Dr. rer. nat. Christiane Voigt, tion Systems, DLR Berlin-Adlershof, re- Institute of Atmospheric Physics ceives the prize awarded by the Chair- - Dr. rer. nat. Martin Weissmann, man of the Society of Friends of DLR in Institute of Atmospheric Physics recognition of being the youngest patent applicant during the year. Franz-Xaver-Erlacher Prize - GvF member Mr Franz-Xaver Erlacher from Starnberg has funded the Society of Friends for 2009 and 2010 for a prize to promote fresh intake (grant aid for doctorate projects), which this year was awarded to Mr Peter Vogt, of the German Remote Sensing Data Center, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen. DLR and the Society of Friends thank Mr Erlacher for his funding of this prize.

86 Economic Development > Commendations and Awards

Innovation Prize Selection of external awards in 2009 - For their successful teamwork on the project “Tools for qualification and op- Award prize winner timisation of concentrating collectors Borchers Medal from RWTH Aachen Dr. Susanne Lisinski for solar thermal power stations”, the prize for innovation was awarded to Richard-Pohl medal from Universät Göttingen Dr. Matthias Sperl Dr. Eckhard Lüpfert, Dr. Klaus Pottler, Fellowship of the Zukunftskolleg from the Dr. Thomas Voigtmann Dr. Steffen Ulmer, Dr. Marc Röger and University Konstanz Dr. Björn Schiricke, of the Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, DLR Köln- Albrecht-Meydenbauer medal from DGPF Dipl.-Ing. Frank Scholten Porz. Erich-Krautz prize Dr. Sabine Wüst DLR_School_Lab - DLR_School_Lab Lampoldshausen/ Therese von Bayern prize from LMU Munich Dr. B. Weinzierl Stuttgart was awarded the DLR_School_ Lab prize. The eight-strong prize-win- Best European PhD Award from the Geoscience Dr. M. Esselborn ning team is made up of pupils from and Remote Sensing Society the Johannes Häußler school, GHWRS D.Q. Kern Award (AIChE) Prof. Dr. Hans Müller-Steinhagen Neckarsulm, who devoted themselves with great commitment and success to Solar PACES Technical Innovation Award Dr. Lüpfert, Dr. Ulmer, Dr. Pottler, the topic of “Secondary school rockets”. Dr. Schiricke, Dr. Röger Hellmuth-Fischer medal 2009 (DECHEMA) Prof. Dr. Andreas Friedrich DLR Quality Prize Innovation prize for telemedicine from the Dr. Thomas Weber, Dr. Christian The Vice Chairman of the Executive German Telemedicine Society Juhra, Dr. Frank Ückert, Maximilian Board, Mr. Klaus Hamacher, and the Ataian, Prof. Dr. Michael Raschke Head of Quality Management, Ms. Mar- ion Scheuer-Leeser, presented the 2009 Quality Prize to: - Mrs Sabine Engelbrecht, quality officer for the Cluster for applied remote sensing in Oberpfaffenhofen; - Mr Florian Piekert, certified Project manager within the Institute of Flight Guidance, Brunswick and - Mr Jürgen Mathes, head of quality and product control with OHB-System AG, in Bremen.

87 Compilation of Performance Indicators

Third-party funding 2007 2008 2009

Overall revenue from 294 M euros 308 M euros 381 M euros third-party funding Proportion of overall revenue from 26% 11% 12% third-party funding Revenue growth in comparison to 52% 51% 49% preceding year, commercial revenues from domestic R&D activities Proportion of revenue from for- 22% 21% 25% eign clients (revenue volume) Success rate of EU proposals in 47% 46% 37% the last three years (accepted/ submitted) Revenue from EU funding Euro 19.9 M euros 19.7 M euros 21.7 M euros

Ratio of EU projects as 13% 14% 22% coordinator vs. all projects

Research-related results 2007 2008 2009

Publications in peer-reviewed 511 442 577 journals Peer-reviewed publications in 568 593 460 proceedings, books etc. Presentations for scientific conferences, 0.76 0.55 0.55 workshops and lectures*) Appointments to universities 13 12 13

Lectureships 204 248 244

Diploma theses 326 384 396

PhD theses 83 94 105

Postdoctoral qualifications 4 2 4

* per scientific associate engaged by the institutes and facilities

Technology marketing 2007 2008 2009

Revenue from licenses 3.6 M euros 3.9 M euros 3.9 M euros

Start-up companies 4 2 2

New ”in-house” technology 10 8 11 transfer projects Investments in technology 2.44 M euros 3.5 M euros 2.8 M euros transfer projects

88 Economic Development > Performance Indicators

Management instruments 2007 2008 2009 Total project work 73% 72,8% 73,1%

Quality management 2007 2008 2009

Existing certifications & 19 25 28 accreditations Number of DLR auditors 15 15 10

Implementation of audit 29% 32% 38%

National and European 2007 2008 2009 networks DFG participations 27 33 34

Sponsorship agreements 45 49 41

International collaboration 2007 2008 2009 International visiting scientists* 7.4% 7.9% 3.3%

* staying > 1 month referenced to scientific associates in institutes Personnel 2007 2008 2009

Employees 5,627 5,880 6,485

Scientific associates (total) 3,046 3,295 3,677

Permanent /fixed-term contracts 3,104/2,523 3,148/2,732 3,229/3,256

Proportion of women

- total 30% 30% 30% - in management positions 13% 14% 14% - scientific associates 12% 16% 17%

New talent 2007 2008 2009

Young scientists 93 86 63

Ph.D. students (internal/external) 607 670 734

Trainees 247 252 252

HR development and mobility 2007 2008 2009

Training days per employee 1.7 1.8 2.1

Mentoring pairs 7 8 8

Assignments abroad (months) 568 545 487

89 90 Data & Facts

91 Institutes Members and and Facilities Committees

- Aerodynamics and Flow Technology As of June 30, 2010, DLR had 47 - State of North Rhine-Westphalia, rep- - Aeroelasticity sponsoring members in addition to resented by the Minister for Innovation, honorary members, scientific mem- Science, Research and Technology for - Aerospace Medicine bers and ex officio members. the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, - Air Transport and Airport Research Düsseldorf - Atmospheric Physics - Combustion Technology Honorary Members Natural persons, legal persons, - Communications and Navigation societies and associations with - The Honourable Daniel Saul Goldin, no legal capacity - Composite Structures and Adaptive Washington, USA Systems - Aerodata AG, Braunschweig - Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Walter Kröll, Marburg - Flight Guidance - AIR LIQUIDE Deutschland GmbH, - Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Reimar Lüst, Hamburg Düsseldorf - Flight Operations - Jean Sollier, Rueil-Malmaison, France - ALSTOM Power Systems GmbH, - Flight Systems - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerhard Zeidler, Stuttgart Mannheim - German Remote Sensing Data Center - AOPA-Germany, Verband der Allge- - Materials Physics in Space meinen Luftfahrt e. V., Egelsbach - Materials Research Sponsoring Members - Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutscher - Microwaves and Radar Verkehrsflughäfen (German Airports Public entities that regularly give at Association), Berlin - Planetary Research least 50,000 euros annually - Robert Bosch GmbH, Berlin - Propulsion Technology - Federal Republic of Germany, repre- - Remote Sensing Technology sented by the Federal Minister of - Bundesverband der Deutschen Luft- und Raumfahrtindustrie e. V. (BDLI) - Robotics and Mechatronics Economics and Technology, Berlin (German Aerospace Industries - Space Operations and Astronaut - State of Baden-Wuerttemberg, repre- Association), Berlin Training sented by the Baden-Wuerttemberg - CAE Elektronik GmbH, Stolberg - Space Propulsion Minister of Economics, Stuttgart - CAM Systems GmbH, Unterföhring - Space Systems - The Free State of Bavaria, represented - Carl-Cranz-Gesellschaft e. V., Weßling/ by the Bavarian State Minister of Eco- - Structures and Design Obb. nomics, Transport, and Technology, - Technical Physics Munich - Commerzbank AG, Großkundencenter - Technical Thermodynamics Region West, Düsseldorf - State of Berlin, represented by the - Deutsche BP Holding AG, Hamburg - Transport Research Senator for Education, Science and - Transportation Systems Research for the State of Berlin, Berlin - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und - Vehicle Concepts Raumfahrt – Lilienthal Oberth e. V. - State of Bremen, represented by the (DGLR) (German Aerospace Society), Senator for Education and Science, Bonn Bremen - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ortung und - State of Lower Saxony, represented by Navigation e. V. (German Institute of the Lower Saxony Minister for Science Navigation), Bonn and Culture, Hanover - DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, Langen - Diehl Aerospace GmbH, Überlingen - Diehl Defence Holding, GmbH, Überlingen - Dornier GmbH, Friedrichshafen - Dresdner Bank AG, Cologne

92 Data & Facts

- EADS Deutschland GmbH, Munich - Dr.-Ing. Norbert Rüdiger Ninz, - ESG Elektroniksystem- und Logistik Scientific Members Überlingen GmbH, Fürstenfeldbruck - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Philipp Hartl, Munich - Dr.-Ing. Manfred Peters, Cologne - Fraport AG, Frankfurt/Main - Prof. Dr. Hans Hornung, Pasadena, - Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Reiter, Cologne - GAF AG, Munich California, USA - Dr. rer. pol. Rainer Schwarz, Berlin - Gemeinde Weßling, Weßling/Obb. - Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Joachim E. Trümper, - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Szodruch, - HDI-Gerling Industrie Versicherungs Garching Cologne AG, Hanover - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Wagner, Cologne - Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Johann-Dietrich Wörner, mbH (IABG), Ottobrunn Ex Officio Members Cologne - Kayser-Threde GmbH, Munich - Prof. Dr. Gunter Zimmermeyer, Berlin - KUKA Roboter GmbH, Augsburg - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Aigner, Stuttgart - LIEBHERR-AEROSPACE LINDENBERG - Dipl.-Kfm. Uwe Baust, Düsseldorf GmbH, Lindenberg - Jürgen Breitkopf, Munich - Lufthansa Technik AG, Hamburg - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jörg Bullinger, - MST Aerospace GmbH, Cologne Munich - MT Aerospace AG, Augsburg - Bernhard Conrad, Hamburg - MTU Aero Engines GmbH, Munich - Marco R. Fuchs, Bremen - Nord-Micro Elektronik AG & Co. OHG, - Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ursula Gather, Frankfurt/Main Dortmund - OHB-System AG, Raumfahrt- und - Prof. Dr. Reinhard Genzel, Garching Umwelt-Technik, Bremen - Dipl.-Ing. Rainer Götting, Heidelberg - RheinEnergie AG, Cologne - Prof. Dr. Michael Grewing, France - Rheinmetall Defence Electronics GmbH, - Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Peter Gruss, Munich Bremen - Dipl.-Kfm. Klaus Hamacher, Cologne - Röder Präzision GmbH, Egelsbach - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Horst, Braunschweig - Rohde & Schwarz GmbH + Co. KG, - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Kleiner, Bonn Cologne - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Klenner, Bremen - Rolls-Royce, Deutschland Ltd. & Co. - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uwe Klingauf, Darmstadt KG, Dahlewitz - Dr.-Ing. Reinhold Lutz, Munich - RUAG Aerospace Deutschland GmbH, Weßling - Dr.-Ing. Rainer Martens, Munich - Siemens AG, Munich - Peter-Michael Nast, Stuttgart - Snecma Groupe SAFRAN, Vernon - Stadt Braunschweig, Braunschweig - Tesat-Spacecom GmbH & Co. KG, Backnang - Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg - ZF Luftfahrttechnik GmbH, Calden

93 Senate Senate Committee

As of June 30, 2010, the following From the economics and industrial As of June 30, 2010, the senate com- persons were members of the senate: sector mittee comprised six members from - Dipl.-Kfm. Uwe Baust the scientific sector, six members from the economics and industrial From the scientific sector - Jürgen Breitkopf sector and five members from the - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Aigner - Bernhard Conrad state sector. - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jörg Bullinger, - Marco R. Fuchs ex officio - Dipl.-Ing. Rainer Götting From the scientific sector - Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ursula Gather - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Klenner - Dr.-Ing. Martin Bruse (Deputy Chairman) - Dr.-Ing. Reinhold Lutz - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler - Prof. Dr. Reinhard Genzel - Dr.-Ing. Rainer Martens - Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ursula Gather - Prof. Dr. Michael Grewing (Chairman) - Dr.-Ing. Norbert Rüdiger Ninz - Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Peter Gruss, ex officio (Deputy Chairman) - Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Rolf Henke - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Horst - Dr. rer. pol. Rainer Schwarz - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Niehuis - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Kleiner, - Prof. Dr. Gunter Zimmermeyer - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heinz Voggenreiter ex officio - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uwe Klingauf From the State sector From the economics and industrial sector - Peter-Michael Nast - Under Secretary Erwin Bernhard - Christa Fuchs - Dr.-Ing. Manfred Peters - Under Secretary Dr. rer. pol. Gerd - Prof. Dr. Jürgen Leohold Gruppe - Dipl.-Ing. Georg Rayczyk - Secretary of State Jochen Homann (Deputy Chairman) (Chairman) - Dr. Artur Redeker - Secretary of State Dr. Hans-Gerhard - Dr. Helmut Richter Husung - Dipl.-Phys. Berry Smutny - Under Secretary Günther Leßnerkraus From the state sector (with voting - Privy Counsellor Carl Othmer rights in 2010) - Ministerial Director Gerold Reichle - Chief Deputy Assistant Under Secretary - Ulrich Schüller Dr. jur. Reinhard Altenmüller - Under Secretary Andreas Schneider - Deputy Assistant Under Secretary Ronald Else - Secretary of State Dr. jur. Michael - Under Secretary Helge Engelhard Stückradt - Deputy Assistant Under Secretary - VLR I Joachim Freiherr von Marschall Dr. jur. Axel Kollatschny - Deputy Assistant Under Secretary Rainer Krug (without voting rights in 2010) - VLR I Joachim Freiherr von Marschall - Secretary of State Dr. phil. Josef Lange (without voting rights in 2009) - Dr. Walter Dörhage - Senate Counsellor Bernd Lietzau - Under Secretary Dr. Dietrich Nelle - Dipl.-Ing. Josef Schiller - Deputy Assistant Under Secretary Dietmar Schneyer - Deputy Assistant Under Secretary Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Steger

94 Executive Scientific-Technical Data & Facts Board Council

(As of June 30, 2010) Members of the Scientific-Technical - Dipl.-Kfm. Klaus Hamacher Council (As of June 30, 2010) (Vice Chairman) - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alberto Moreira (Chairman) - Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Reiter - Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Hansjörg Dittus - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Szodruch - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Cord-Christian Rossow - Prof. Dr. Ing. Ulrich Wagner - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Kügler - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Johann-Dietrich Wörner - Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Lemmer (Chairman) - Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. Hans Müller- Steinhagen - Dr. rer. nat Marina Braun-Unkhoff - Dipl.-Ing. Frank Kocian - Dr.-Inform. Florian Piekert - Dr. rer. nat. Reinhold Busen - Prof. Dr. rer. nat Thomas Holzer-Popp (Deputy Chairman) - Dr. rer. nat Stephan Ulamec

Space Committee

(As of June 30, 2010) - MinDirig Dr. jur. Peter Müller - Ministerial Director Jürgen Meyer, AL ZG AL VII Technology politics, Federal Federal Ministry for the Environment, Ministry of Economics and Technology Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety - Under Secretary Dr. Dietrich Nelle, UAL 42, Federal Ministry of Education - MinDirig Dr. Gabriel Kühne and Research UAL I C Federal Ministry of Finance - Joachim Freiherr von Marschall, Head Ref. 405, Ministry of Foreign Affairs - RegDir Frank Wetzel RefL 421 - VA Wolfgang Reimer, UAL 5, Industrial Policy; Federal Chancellor’s Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture office and Consumer Protection - MinDir Beate Lohmann - Ministerial Director Gerold Reichle, AL O AL LR, Ministry of Transport, Building Federal Ministry of the Interior and Urban Affairs - Norbert Weber, Ref. Rü IV 4, Federal Ministry of Defence

95 Stiftung Deutsch-Niederländische Affiliates and Windkanäle (DNW) (German-Dutch Wind Tunnels Foundation), Noordoostpolder, The Netherlands Joint Ventures 50% DLR established this foundation as a non-profit organisation on an equal DLR Joint Ventures Gesellschaft mit basis together with its Dutch partner or- beschränkter Haftung (DLR Joint ganisation, NLR. Its object is to operate, Ventures Limited Liability Company), maintain and continue to develop the Bonn, Germany low-speed wind tunnel in Noordoostpol- 100% der owned by the DNW foundation as well as wind tunnels owned by DLR and The purpose of this company is partici- NLR. (www.dnw.aero) pation in European Economic Interest Groupings (EEIGs) within the framework European Transonic Windtunnel of the statutory tasks of the German GmbH (ETW), Cologne, Germany Aerospace Center. The company holds interests in the European project man- 31% agement agency EDCTP-EEIG and ETW, the European Transonic Wind Tun- AT-One EWIV, an enterprise founded in nel, built and operated by four nations, 2007 to support and organise the collab- Germany, France, the United Kingdom oration between DLR and NLR in the and The Netherlands, is the most mod- field of air traffic management. ern aerodynamic wind tunnel anywhere in the world. The ETW is used to test DLR Gesellschaft für Raumfahrtan- and optimise new aircraft designs and wendungen (GfR) mbH (DLR Com- concepts using scale models under real- pany of Space Applications mbH), istic flight conditions. The knowledge Weßling, Germany gained plays a decisive role in the suc- 100% cess of an aircraft development project. (www.etw.de) The purpose of this company is provision of services relating to space applications. TeleOp Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (TeleOp Limited Liability DLR GfR mbH, together with Italian com- Company), Weßling, Germany pany Telespazio S.p.A., has a 50% stake in the founding of spaceopal GmbH, 25% based in Munich. The main function of This company was founded in collabora- the company - subject to the award of tion with T-Systems, EADS and LfA För- contract by ESA - is the management of derbank of Bavaria. Its object is to con- operations of the European satellite navi- duct negotiations within the framework gation system Galileo, including the two of the GALILEO project, as may be re- control centers in Fucino (Italy) and quired to participate in the construction Oberpfaffenhofen. and operation of the European satellite navigation programme, GALILEO. (teleop.de)

96 Data & Facts

Anwendungszentrum GmbH (Incuba- WPX Faserkeramik GmbH (WPX Fibre Innovationszentrum für Mobilität tion Centre for Applications GmbH) Ceramics GmbH), Cologne, Germany und gesellschaftlichen Wandel Oberpfaffenhofen, Gilching, Germany 10% (InnoZ) GmbH (Innovation Centre for Mobility and Demographic Change 25% WPX Faserkeramik GmbH is a start-up GmbH), Berlin, Germany The Incubation Centre was established company ensuing from the DLR Institute as a public-private partnership and is re- for Materials Research, which is built 9.8% ceiving start-up funding until the end of upon DLR expertise in structural materi- InnoZ researches the complex interac- 2009 from funds provided by High-Tech- als. The purpose of the company is to tions at the interface between mobility Offensive Bavaria. Since its launch, more provide product development, sales and and social change, developing innovative than fifty companies have either passed service for the technical applications of solutions to new challenges arising and through this start-up and entrepreneur- WHIPOX – DLR technology. to be faced by players in the transport ial incubation centre in the field of satel- (www.whipox.com) and infrastructure sector. To this end, lite navigation initially funded by DLR InnoZ combines a wide range of interdis- alone, or have settled permanently at Dualis Medtech GmbH, Bernried, ciplinary skills under one roof. Sociologi- the Oberpfaffenhofen site as a result of Germany cal, geographical and economic exper- its activities. (www.anwendungszentrum. 10% tise is equally included as are the de) perspective of applied transport eco- Dualis MedTech develops, produces and nomics. (www.innoz.de) markets novel medical implants for pa- Europäische Akademie zur Erfor- tients with severe heart conditions. The schung von Folgen wissenschaftlich- ZTG Zentrum für Telematik im central product is the DUALIS-VAD im- technischer Entwicklungen Gesundheitswesen GmbH, Krefeld plantable heart support system with the Bad Neuenahr- Ahrweiler GmbH, DUALIS-TET wireless energy transfer sys- 6% Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Germany tem. The technology is based upon tech- The aim of the competence centre is 25% nology from the Institute of Robotics to introduce, develop and disseminate The European Academy deals with the and Mechatronics, DLR Oberpfaffen- modern information and communica- scientific study and evaluation of the hofen. (www.dualis-medtech.de) tions technology within the healthcare consequences of scientific and techno- sector. Major focus areas include provid- logical advances for individuals and Zentrum für Angewandte Luftfahrt- ing neutral advice and project manage- society as well as for the natural environ- forschung GmbH (Centre for Applied ment services for customers from indus- ment. The main focus is on the examina- Aeronautics Research GmbH), Ham- try and healthcare, implementing tion of processes that are influenced by burg, Germany interoperable solutions to facilitate inte- the natural and engineering sciences 10% grated provision and promoting knowl- and medical disciplines. As an independ- edge transfer between the communities The purpose of the company is to pro- ent scientific institution, the European of the healthcare sector, science, politics mote applied aeronautics research at the Academy pursues a dialogue with the and economics. (www.ztg-nrw.de) Hamburg site. The company is tasked to world of politics and society at large. contribute to developing the research in- The state of Rhineland-Palatinate is the frastructure, combining existing research further shareholder. skills, improving collaboration between (www.europaeische-akademie-aw.de) the industrial sector, suppliers, large- scale research and the scientific commu- ZFB Zentrum für Flugsimulation Ber- nity and implementing a stronger national lin GmbH (Centre for Flight Simula- and international network. tion GmbH), Berlin, Germany (zal-gmbh.de) 16.67% The purpose of this company is to provide flight simulators for applied research in the fields of flight control and flight management, particularly for research and education purposes, system simulation and manipulation and associated areas of technology, instruction and training for aerospace engineers and training for flight crews. (www.zfb-berlin.de)

97 Use of Funds

Overall Revenue 2009 (Third-party and Basic Funding)

Overall revenue 2009

Total 770 million euros All data in million euros

Aeronautics 204 315 Space

Transport 48 Economic stimulus package Energy 59 14 Other revenues 21 72 37 Space management Project sponsorships

Third-party Funding according to Origin and Institutional Funding 2009

Third-party funding

Total 381 million euros All data in million euros

Foreign 29 commercial enterprises 91 German German commercial public enterprises 175** institutions

Supranational 63* organisations Foreign public 19 4 institutions Other external revenue

* including: ESA 40, EU 22, other 1 ** including: national public institutions 94, project sponsorship 57, other R & D third-party funding 24

98 Data & Facts

Third-party Funding Related to Institutional Funding 2010*

Third-party funding related to institutional funding 2010*

Total 366 million euros All data in million euros

Aeronautics

138 Transport 37

22 Energy

169 Space

* without other revenue

99 List of Abbreviations

ACARE Advisory Council for Aeronautical Research in DFG Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft Europe DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung ADETEF Association pour le Développement des Échanges DGUV Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung en Technologies Économiques et Financières DiAL Differentielles Absorptions Lidar AEB Agência Espacial Brasileira DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung AeroLight Aeroelastische Untersuchungen des Rotors DLR Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt AFRL Air Force Research Laboratory DMT Disaster Management Tool AFRL Air Force Research Laboratory DUK Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission AGAPE ACARE goals progress evaluation DWD Deutscher Wetterdienst AI administrative Infrastruktur ECSS European Cooperation for Space Standardization AIM Anwendungsplattform Intelligente Mobilität ECTRI European Conference of Transport Research AirTN Air Transport Net Institutes AQUA-CSP Concentrating Solar Power for Seawater EDRS European Data Relay Satellite Desalination EEE elektronische, elektrische und elektromagnetische ASAC Active Structural Acoustic Control Bauteile ATI administrative und technische Infrastruktur EERA European Energy Research Alliance ATM Air Traffic Management EFQM European Foundation for Quality Management ATRA Advanced Technology Research Aircraft ENADOT Electric Network Architecture Design Tool AutoOpti Automatischer Optimierer EnMap Environmental Mapping and Analysing Program AVANTGARDE Advanced Numerical Tools Graduation by Applica- ERANet European Research Area Network tion in Aeronautical Research and Development EREA Association of European Research Estabilishment AVIC Aviation Industries of China in Aeronautics AWFS Automatisiertes Waldbrandfrüherkennungssystem eROSITA extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging BDF Bundesverband Deutscher Fluglinien Telescope Array BG-ETE Berufsgenossenschaft Energie Textil Elektro ESA Europäischen Raumfahrt-Agentur BMBF Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung ESCC European Space Components Coordination BMVBS Bundesministeriums für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtent- ESF European Science Foundation wicklung ESOC European Space Operations Centre BMVg Bundesministerium für Verteidigung ESRIN European Space Research Institute BMWi Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie ESTEC European Space Research and Technology Centre BSC Balanced Scorecard ETCS European Train Control System CAE Chinese Aeronautical Establishment ETW European Transonic Windtunnel GmbH CAF Cluster Angewandte Fernerkundung EU Europäische Union CATS Climate compatible Air Transport System EUREKA European Research Coordination Agency CCRS Canada Centre for Remote Sensing EWK Europäischen Interparlamentarischen Weltraum- CCSDS Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems konferenz CEN/CENELEC Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique FuE Forschung und Entwicklung CeraStorE Competence Center for Ceramic Materials and FCH JTI Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Technology Initiative Thermal Storage Technologies in Energy Research FM Facility-Management CESAR-1 Central Termosolar de Almería - 1 FM Facility Management CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics GATE Galileo-Test- und Entwicklungsumgebung CFK Kohlenstofffaserverstärkter Kunststoff GfR Gesellschaft für Raumfahrtanwendungen CIRA Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospaziali GIS Geoinformationssystem CNES Centre National d'Études Spatiales GMES Global Monitoring for Environment and Security CoE Center of Excellence GOAHEAD Generation of Advanced Helicopter Experimental COPUOS United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses Aerodynamic Database for CFD code validation of Outer Space GPS Global Positioning System CoSi- Cab+ Comfortable and Silent Cabin+ GQA Gesellschaft für Qualität im Arbeitsschutz COSPAR Committee on Space Research GtL Gas to Liquid COST European Cooperation in Science and Technology GTP German Trainee Programme CSA Canadian Space Agency GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammen- arbeit GvF Gesellschaft von Freunden des DLR HALO High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft HBK-S Hochdruckbrennkammer-Prüfstand Stuttgart HGF Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungs- zentren HIGHER- LE High-Lift Enhanced Research Leading Edge HLFC Hybrid Laminar Flow Control HPC-NCAD High Powered Committee-National Civil Aircraft Development HRSC High Resolution Stereo Camera IABG Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft IAF International Astronautical Federation

100 Imprint

101 FUB_2009-2010_englisch_01/11 local regions of its field centers. field its of regions local the in force driving a is and government, to services advisory tent compe- provides scientists, of generation next the promotes also It partners. and clients its for provider service a as and projects own gicalreputation. DLRoperates large-scale research facilities forDLR’s technolo- and industrial Germany’s enhancing to gained has it that know-how technical and scientific the contributes DLR way that In tomorrow. of products and applications innovative to research basic from ranges portfolio research DLR’s security. and nication, commu- mobility, promoting for and technologies, tally-compatible environmen- for environment, the protecting for research System, Solar the and Earth the of exploration the comprises mission DLR’s D.C. Washington and Paris, Brussels, in offices operates also DLR Weilheim. and Trauen, Stuttgart, Oberpfaffenhofen, Neustrelitz, Lampoldshausen, Hamburg, Goettingen, Bremen, Braunschweig, Bonn, Berlin, (headquarters), Cologne Germany: in locations thirteen at employed are people 6,700 Approximately DLR. of part also is agency management project- largest Germany’s Furthermore, interests. German of representation international the for as well as government federal German the by programme space German the of implementation the and planning forward the for responsibility given been has DLR internationaland cooperative ventures.Germany‘sAs space agency, national into integrated is Security and Transport Energy, Space, extensivespace.Itsresearch developmentand Aeronautics, in work and aeronautics for centre research national Germany‘s is DLR Glance a at DLR German Corporate Linder www.DLR.de Köln 51147 Höhe