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The Henley Index Q4 Update October 2019 Q4: October 2019

About the Henley Passport Index

The Henley Passport Index is the original and most Explore the world authoritative ranking of all the world’s according to As well as allowing users to discover the strength of their the number of destinations their holders can access without own passports, henleypassportindex.com enables users to a prior visa. The index includes 199 passports and 227 compare their passport to others, looking at differences in destinations, giving users the most extensive and reliable access and learning where their passport ranks regionally information about the global access their passport affords as well as globally. It also allows users to explore 14 years’ them. With historical data spanning 14 years and regularly worth of historical data, discovering how the strength of updated expert analysis on the latest shifts in passport their passport has changed over the years, and looking at top rankings, the index is an invaluable resource for global climbers and fallers on the index. citizens and the standard reference tool for governments in this field.

Robust, reliable, and accurate Find out where you can -free View your passport ranking over 14 years The ranking is based on exclusive data from the International Air Association (IATA), which maintains the world’s largest and most accurate database of travel information, and enhanced by continuous research by the Henley & Partners Research Department.

The index’s scoring system was developed with the goal of giving users a nuanced, practical, and reliable overview of their passport’s power. Each passport is scored on the total number of destinations that the holder can access visa-free. For each travel destination, if no visa is required for passport holders, then a score of 1 is created for that passport. This also applies if passport holders can obtain on arrival, a visitor’s permit, or an electronic travel authority (ETA) upon entry.

Where a visa is required, or where a passport holder must apply for a government-approved electronic visa (e-Visa) Compare your passport power Improve your passport power before departure, a score of 0 is assigned. The same applies if they need pre-departure approval for a visa on arrival.

2 The information provided here reflects the 2019 Henley Passport Index ranking on 1 October 2019. 3 Henley Passport Index Q4: October 2019

Rank Passport Score

1 190 34 140 59 88 79 63

Singapore 13 174 35 137 60 87 80 62

2 188 36 135

Germany 14 173 37 134 61 84

South Korea 93 48

3 187 15 172 38 132 62 83 81 60

Italy 16 171 Papua New 94 Congo (Rep.) 47

Luxembourg 17 170 39 131 63 81 Sao Tome and Principe 95 46

4 186 64 79 82 59

Spain 40 130 65 78 83 58

Sweden 18 168 96 43

5 185 (SAR ) 41 128 66 77 84 Cote d'Ivoire 57 97 Congo (Dem. Rep.) 42

Netherlands 19 167 42 127 67 76

Portugal 20 166 43 126 68 75 South

6 184 21 165 85 56 98 41

Canada 22 159 44 125 69 74 Guinea 99 40

Greece 45 123

Ireland 23 158 46 122 70 73 86 55

Norway 24 Bahamas 154 71 72 100 39

Switzerland St. Kitts and Nevis 72 China 71 87 Guinea-Bissau 54

United Kingdom 25 153 47 Micronesia 119 101 38

United States 26 151 73 70 102 37

7 183 27 150 Islands Palestinian Territory

Malta 28 149 48 Russian Federation 117 74 Gambia 69 88 53 Sudan

8 182 29 148 49 116 75 68 103 33

9 181 50 114 Comores Islands 104 31

Lithuania 30 146 51 113 76 66 89 52

Slovakia 31 St. Lucia 145 52 112 Islands 105 29

10 180 St. Vincent and the 53 100 90 51 106 27 Grenadines 54 99 77 65 107 25 (Chinese Taipei) 55 Timor-Leste 95 32 142 56 93 91 50 11 179 57 92 78 64 92 49 33 Macao (SAR China) 141 12 177 58 91

4 The information provided here reflects the 2019 Henley Passport Index ranking on 1 October 2019. 5 Henley Passport Index Q4: October 2019

Q4 Insights and Analysis: It’s ‘the Age of Asia’ When it Comes to Passport Power

As the global economy transforms and centers of power shift, Dr. Madeleine Sumption: Brexit and Dr. Marina Soroka: Asia’s dominance appears to be unfaltering. Entering into Dr. Christian H. Kaelin: Visa Freedom the EU the final quarter of 2019, Japan and retain a firm Independent scholar and published and Economic Freedom hold on first place on the Henley Passport Index, each with Director of the Migration Observatory author with expertise in the history of a visa-free or visa-on-arrival score of 190 out of a maximum Chairman of Henley & Partners at the University of Oxford European international relations 227. For most of the index’s 14-year history, the top spot has “Our ongoing research has shown us that when we are talking “The future of policy in the UK does not depend “Russia’s recent moves to ease visa restrictions should help been held by a European country or by the US. However, this about ‘passport power’, we are discussing more than simply fundamentally on whether or not the UK leaves the EU with increase the inflow of tourists and investors and improve trend shifted dramatically in 2018, with Asian countries now the destinations a holder can travel to without acquiring a visa a deal. In either scenario, there will be a ‘transitional period’ Russia’s image beyond its , but issuing visas is usually firmly established as world leaders when it comes to both in advance. Often, there is a strong correlation between visa until at least December 2020, in which free movement of EU a matter of reciprocity between states, so the response from global economic activity and global mobility. freedom and other benefits such as business and investment citizens to the UK will continue more or less as it operates other countries may hamper or stimulate the process of freedom, independence of the judiciary, fiscal health, and today. After that, the UK is expected to introduce a new opening Russia to foreign visitors.” With visa-free or visa-on-arrival scores of 188, Finland, property rights.” immigration system that treats EU and non-EU citizens in , and remain in 2nd place, while the same way. The full details of this system have not yet Denmark, , and are in 3rd place, with been announced, but it will make long-term settlement citizens of those countries now able to access 187 destinations much harder for EU citizens. UK citizens who want to move Lorraine Charles: UAE worldwide without requiring a visa in advance. With a score to EU countries after Brexit will also face more restrictive of 184, the UK and the US remain in joint 6th place — the Research Associate at the University of Dr. Juerg Steffen: Investment Migration immigration regimes.” lowest position either country has held since 2010 and a Cambridge’s Centre for Business Research significant drop from their 1st-place ranking in 2014. Both CEO of Henley & Partners “The power of the UAE passport depicts a nation that is Russia and China have made small gains over the past three “Regarding the connections between visa freedom and attempting to position itself as a prominent player in the months: Russia is up three places and now ranks 48th on the economic freedom, countries with investment migration Dr. Parag Khanna: Brexit and Asia region. While the UAE may not be able to compete with index with a score of 117, and China has inched up two places programs are among the best examples. , for instance, Saudi Arabia — the regional hegemon — in terms of military and now sits on 72nd place with a score of 71. Founder and Managing Partner has one of the strongest passports in the world and is strength and economic power, the projection of its soft power of FutureMap performing exceedingly well in terms of fiscal health. has become uncontested in the While the positions on the index’s top 10 have remained The statistics speak for themselves, as does the ongoing “For more than a year, former UK foreign secretary Jeremy (GCC), making the UAE an embodiment of inspiration for relatively stable since the last update in July, there have popularity of the investment migration industry with both Hunt has been saying that Asia would need to be a pillar of other GCC countries.” been some striking shifts further down the ranking. Most wealthy clients and sovereign states.” the country’s post-Brexit global economic policy. If indeed dramatically, the UAE has climbed an extraordinary five the UK is able to advance more free trade in services with places over the last three months (and 46 places over the Asian countries, this will require more British citizens to Ryan Cummings: Sub-Saharan Africa past decade) and now sits in 15th place, with UAE passport spend time in Asia to generate business across sectors such holders able to access 172 destinations without a prior visa. Director at Signal Risk and independent as finance, advisory, education, and others. At present, Syria, Iraq, and Afghanistan remain at the bottom of the consultant to international news outlets, however, Asian markets have not prioritized individual free ranking, with visa-free or visa-on-arrival scores of just 29, publications, and think tanks trade agreements with the UK over their current negotiations 27, and 25, respectively. with the EU.” “Sub-Saharan Africa continues to make tentative progress in terms of improving its accessibility. Sierra Leone and Namibia are the latest countries to ease visa restrictions as a means of attracting foreign investment, revenue, and skillsets to augment their economic development goals.”

6 The information provided here reflects the 2019 Henley Passport Index ranking on 1 October 2019. 7 Henley Passport Index Q4: October 2019

Strongest Passports in Q4 2019 Weakest Passports in Q4 2019

Moving into the fourth quarter of 2019, Japan and 1st 103rd Singapore remain in joint top spot on the Henley Passport Index, with a visa-free or visa-on-arrival score of 190. Visa-free access to Visa-free access to Finland, Germany, and South Korea hold joint second 190 destinations Japan Singapore 33 destinations Yemen place, with citizens of those countries able to access 188 destinations around the world without a prior visa.

2nd 104th At the other end of the global mobility spectrum, the remains the world’s weakest, in 107th Visa-free access to Visa-free access to place, with a visa-free or visa-on-arrival score of just 25. 188 destinations Finland Germany South Korea 31 destinations Pakistan Somalia

3rd 105th

Visa-free access to Visa-free access to 187 destinations Denmark Italy Luxembourg 29 destinations Syria

4th 106th

Visa-free access to Visa-free access to 186 destinations France 27 destinations Iraq

5th 107th

Visa-free access to Visa-free access to 185 destinations Austria 25 destinations Afghanistan

This infographic shows the countries that occupy the highest and lowest ranks on the Henley Passport Index. In certain cases, a rank is shared by multiple countries if these countries all have the same level of visa-free or visa-on-arrival access.

8 The information provided here reflects the 2019 Henley Passport Index ranking on 1 October 2019. 9 Henley Passport Index Q4: October 2019

Passport Power Worldwide

This map shows the differences in relative passport power on a global scale, with light gray used to indicate the passports with the lowest visa-free or visa-on-arrival score and dark blue used to indicate the passports with the highest score.

Passport rank

1–10

11–20

21-30

31-60

61–90

91–107

10 The information provided here reflects the 2019 Henley Passport Index ranking on 1 October 2019. 11 Henley Passport Index Q4: October 2019

Biggest Climbers and Fallers on the Henley Passport Index: 2009 to 2019

This graph shows the countries that have climbed the highest up the Henley Passport Index rankings over the past decade, as well as those that have fallen most sharply over that period.

+46

+25 +23 +23 +23 +21 +20 -23 -22 -22 -22 -28 -26 -26

United Arab Albania Taiwan (Chinese Serbia Bosnia and Colombia Timor-Leste Nigeria Sierra Bangladesh Syria Gambia Senegal Mali Emirates Taipei) Herzegovina Leone

2019 15 51 31 39 49 43 55 2009 67 53 73 82 52 64 65

2009 61 76 54 62 72 64 75 2019 95 79 99 105 74 86 87

Rank Rank

Biggest Climbers Since 2009 Biggest Fallers Since 2009

12 The information provided here reflects the 2019 Henley Passport Index ranking on 1 October 2019. 13 Henley Passport Index Q4: October 2019

The Link between Visa Freedom and Economic Freedom

Using historic data from the Henley Passport Index and the Index of Economic Freedom, political science researchers Uğur Altundal and Ömer Zarpli of Syracuse University and the University of Pittsburgh, respectively, found a strongly Japan Singapore Austria UK Malta Australia positive connection between visa freedom and a variety of indicators of economic freedom, including foreign direct investment inflows, property rights, tax burden, and investment freedom.

Looking at the latest rankings from the Henley Passport Index, Altundal and Zarpli observed that “countries that have higher visa scores also rank higher in economic UAE Russia South Africa China Sudan Eritrea Afghanistan freedom, especially in investment, financial, and business freedom”. One especially striking example of this positive correlation is Singapore, which ranks highest in nearly all economic indicators and holds the top spot on the Henley Passport Index.

200

10

100

0 Henley & Partners Passport core 2019

0 10 20 0 40 0 0 0 0 90

Heritage ondation Index of conomic reedom core 2019

14 The information provided here reflects the 2019 Henley Passport Index ranking on 1 October 2019. 15 Henley Passport Index Q4: October 2019

Henley & Partners is the global leader in residence and Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda Montenegro St. Lucia planning. Each year, hundreds of wealthy individuals +1 268 562 2625 +1 268 562 2625 +30 21 0983 8705 +382 20 674 074 +1 758 458 9777 and their advisors rely on our expertise and experience in this [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] area. The firm’s highly qualified professionals work together as Australia Australia Grenada Philippines one team in over 30 offices worldwide. +61 3 8680 2525 +61 3 8680 2525 +1 473 443 4000 +63 2 8669 2771 +41 44 266 22 22 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] The concept of residence and citizenship planning was created by Henley & Partners in the 1990s. As has expanded, Austria Austria Hong Kong Portugal Thailand residence and citizenship have become topics of significant +43 1 361 6110 +43 1 361 6110 +852 3101 4100 +351 213 970 977 +662 041 4628 interest among the increasing number of internationally mobile [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] entrepreneurs and investors whom we proudly serve every day. Canada Canada Jersey (British Isles) Singapore +1 514 288 1997 +1 514 288 1997 +44 1534 514 888 +65 6438 7117 +44 207 823 10 10 The firm also runs a leading government advisory practice that [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] has raised more than USD 8 billion in foreign direct investment. Trusted by governments, the firm has been involved in strategic China China Latvia Vietnam consulting and in the design, set-up, and operation of the +86 20 2206 0499 +86 20 2206 0499 +371 66 05 10 09 +421 2 3231 0675 +84 28 3911 1667 world’s most successful residence and citizenship programs. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Croatia Croatia Malaysia South Africa +385 21 321 027 +385 21 321 027 +603 2731 9340 +27 21 850 0524 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Cyprus Cyprus Malta South Korea +357 2531 1844 +357 2531 1844 +356 2138 7400 +82 2 2008 4664 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Dubai (UAE) Dubai (UAE) Moldova St. Kitts and Nevis +971 4 392 77 22 +971 4 392 77 22 +373 22 109 209 +1 869 465 6220 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

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16 The information provided here reflects the 2019 Henley Passport Index ranking on 1 October 2019. 17