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University of Chicago Department of Botany Records, 1882-1972

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University of Chicago Department of Botany Records, 1882-1972 University of Chicago Library Guide to the University of Chicago Department of Botany Records 1882-1972 © 2008 University of Chicago Library Table of Contents Descriptive Summary 3 Information on Use 3 Access 3 Citation 3 Historical Note 3 Scope Note 5 Related Resources 6 Subject Headings 6 INVENTORY 7 Series I: Office of the Chairman 7 Series II: Friends of Our Native Landscape 10 Series III: Bird Haven 10 Series IV: Memorabilia and Artifacts 11 Series V: Guides to Photographs 11 Subseries 1: Index of Species by State 12 Subseries 2: Index of Individuals, Groups, Events and Locations 14 Subseries 3: Index of Miscellaneous Subjects 14 Subseries 4: Index of Miscellaneous Subjects by Foreign Location 14 Subseries 5: Catalogues and Lists 17 Subseries 6: Boxes, Envelopes and Sleeves 17 Series VI: Photographs, circa 1891-1936 17 Subseries 1: Prints 18 Subseries 2: Oversize Prints 44 Subseries 3: Film Negatives 49 Subseries 4: 5"x7" Glass Negatives 50 Subseries 5: 3"x5" Glass Negatives 73 Subseries 6: 3"x4" Glass Negatives 76 Subseries 7: Lantern Slides 82 Subseries 8: Unsorted Photographs 169 Descriptive Summary Identifier ICU.SPCL.BOTANY Title University of Chicago. Department of Botany. Records Date 1882-1972 Size 62.5 linear feet (67 boxes, 1 slide cabinet) Repository Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A. Abstract Founded in 1894 under the leadership of John M. Coulter, The University of Chicago Department of Botany quickly grew to become one of modern botany's most influential centers of research and teaching. The work of Henry C. Cowles and others associated with the Chicago school of ecology is generally regarded as one of the most influential forces in the development of ecological studies. This collection includes administrative files, publications, memorabilia and artifacts, and a large collection of photographs documenting plant life, environmental phenomena, and departmental activities. Information on Use Access Open for research. No restrictions Citation When quoting material from this collection, the preferred citation is: University of Chicago. Department of Botany. Records, [Box #, Folder #], Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library Historical Note In 1894, University of Chicago President William Rainey Harper appointed John Merle Coulter (1851-1928) to lead the newly established Department of Botany. Coulter was a leading American botanist and a friend of Asa Gray (1810-1888), the famed Harvard botanist whose Manual of Botany and other texts dominated plant science in the United States. Coulter had founded the Botanical Gazette nearly twenty years earlier, and he brought the editorship of the professional journal with him to his new position. In 1896, botanical research at the University of Chicago was further enhanced with the erection of the Hull Biological Laboratories. This complex of four buildings included the Botany Building, which housed classrooms, labs, and a rooftop greenhouse, and Botany Pond, an adjacent outdoor plant study facility. 3 The University of Chicago's Department of Botany quickly grew to become one of modern botany's most influential centers of research and teaching. By the 1930s, the roster of notable researchers serving on the Botany faculty included Henry C. Cowles and George D. Fuller in ecology, Charles J. Chamberlain in plant morphology, Merle C. Coulter in plant genetics, Adolf C. Noe in paleobotany, and Charles Barnes, William Crocker, and Charles A. Shull in plant physiology. The Botanical Gazette, published under the direction of an editorial board drawn from the department's faculty, was American botany's leading journal, and national university evaluations such as the Hughes Report of 1925 ranked the Department of Botany first among its academic peers. None of the Department of Botany's achievements loomed larger than the new field of plant ecology developed by Henry Chandler Cowles (1869-1939). Cowles was a graduate student of John M. Coulter, a member of the Botany faculty from 1897 onward, and chairman of the department from 1925 until his retirement in 1934. Cowles's formulation of ecology was first expressed in his Ph.D. thesis, "The Ecological Relations of the Vegetation on the Sand Dunes of Lake Michigan" (1898). Cowles based his thesis on detailed field work he had undertaken in the Indiana Dunes, a wild, unsettled region of beaches, sand dunes, bogs, and woods along the southern shore of Lake Michigan about twenty-five miles from the University of Chicago. Cowles argued that the natural succession of plant forms in time could be traced in physical space as one moved inland from the open lake beach across ancient shorelines through the shifting dunes to the interior forest. Henry C. Cowles and his theories and methods attracted many students to the Department of Botany, and these students in turn secured positions at other universities and research institutions. One study of scientific influences by Douglas Sprugel in 1980 concluded that of the seventy-seven recognized American scientists dominant in the field of ecology from 1900 to the early 1950s, no fewer than forty-six were students of Cowles or were directly influenced by professional mentors who had been students of Cowles. The Chicago school of ecology is generally regarded as one of the most influential forces in the development of ecological studies. While Cowles's theories of ecological community and plant succession have been modified and extended by more recent generations of scientists, they continue to be considered among the most significant departures in the modern understanding of the natural environment. In 1967, the Biological Sciences Division's proposal for a merger of the Departments of Botany and Zoology was approved. The merger, which formed the Department of Biology, responded to the need for flexibility in the use of resources and funding, as well as broader trends in research and teaching in the biological sciences. 4 Scope Note The records of the University of Chicago's Department of Botany include administrative files, publications, memorabilia and artifacts, and a large collection of photographs documenting plant life, environmental phenomena, and departmental activities. Series I: Office of the Chairman, includes records of the activities of the chair of the Department of Botany, spanning the years 1882-1972. The bulk of material in this series represents the chairmanships of John M. Coulter, Henry C. Cowles, Ezra J. Kraus, John M. Beal and Charles E. Olmsted. Predominant in this series are materials collected for annual reports; materials collected for annual appointment and budget reviews; and faculty recruitment materials. Also included in this series is correspondence regarding grants and development; material related to the Faculty Campaign Committee; pamphlets on the history of the department, compiled by Charles E. Olmsted; correspondence and other material documenting the Department of Botany's administrative relationship to the Department of Zoology and the Department of Pharmacology; chairmanship recommendations; and early issues of Botanical Gazette collected by Charles E. Olmsted. Series II: Friends of Our Native Landscape, contains publications and other material generated by this conservation group. Material in this series includes copies of Friends of Our Native Landscape's bulletins, as well as items relating to organization and membership in the group. Series III: Bird Haven, contains memorabilia, publications and other material associated with the Robert Ridgway Memorial Bird Sanctuary and Arboretum, known as Bird Haven. Material in this series includes guest register logs, correspondence, ephemera and conservation publications. Series IV: Memorabilia, includes three items from the Department of Botany, including two decorative pieces and a departmental guest register. Also included in this series are botanical specimens collected by Charles J. Chamberlain and his students. Series V: Guides to Photographs, contains information about many of the images collected in Series VI. This series contains catalogues, inventories, and informal lists of photographs held in the Department of Botany. These guides are now obsolete in terms of describing the organization and classification of these images; however, the guides do contain additional descriptive content and information about photographers, dates, and the uses of the photograph collections. Series VI: Photographs, constitutes the largest and best-documented component of the collection. Most of these images have been digitized and described as part 5 of American Environmental Photographs, 1891-1936, an electronic resource available online. This series contains over 4,000 photographs documenting natural environments, ecologies, and plant communities in the United States at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. Many of the photographs were produced by faculty such as Henry Chandler Cowles and George Damon Fuller during departmental field trips, and were later used for research and teaching. The photographs provide an overview of important representative natural landscapes in the United States. Other photographs in this series represent botanists, including faculty and staff in the department. The items in this series are primarily black and white prints, negatives and slides in small or medium-sized formats. There is some duplication of images. Related Resources The following related
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