The Shroud of Turin
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THE SHROUD of TURIN Its Implications for Faith and Theology
I4o THEOLOGICAL TRENDS THE SHROUD OF TURIN Its implications for faith and theology ACK IN I967, a notable Anglican exegete, C; F. D. Moule, registered a B complaint about some of his contemporaries: 'I have met otherwise intelligent men who ask, apparently in all seriousness, whether there may not be truth in what I would call patently ridiculous legends about.., an early portrait of Jesus or the shroud in which he is supposed to have been buried'. 1 Through the 195os into the 196os many roman Catholics, if they had come across it, would have agreed with Moule's verdict. That work of fourteen volumes on theology and church history, which Karl Rahner and other German scholars prepared, Lexikon fiir Theologie un d Kirehe (i957-68), simply ignored the shroud of Turin, except for a brief reference in an article on Ulysse Chevalier (1841-1923). Among his other achievements, the latter had gathered 'weighty arguments' to disprove the authenticity of the shroud. Like his english jesuit contemporary, Herbert Thurston, Chevalier maintained that it was a fourteenth-century forgery. The classic Protestant theological dictionary, Die Religion in Gesehichte und Gegenwart, however, took a different view. The sixth volume of the revised, third edition, which appeared in 1962 , included an article on the shroud by H.-M. Decker-Hauff. ~ The author summarized some of the major reasons in favour of its authenticity. In its material and pattern, the shroud matches products from the Middle East in the first century of the christian era. In the mid-fourteenth century the prevailing conventions of church art would not have allowed a forger or anyone else to portray Jesus in the full nakedness that we see on the shroud. -
HOLY FACE, HOLY SCRIPT, HOLY GATE Revealing the Edessa Paradigm in Christian Imagery
HOLY FACE, HOLY SCRIPT, HOLY GATE Revealing the Edessa paradigm in Christian imagery Alexei Lidov According to a tradition, which was established by the very significant feature which, to the best of my knowl- seventh century, the Holy Mandylion was the only image edge, has been never discussed in the scholarly litera- miraculously created by Christ himself, as a kind of self- ture. It concerns the peculiar iconography of the portrait “not made by human hands”1. The Letter to Mandylion image. Beside the Holy Face there are seven Abgar of Edessa was the only text written by Christ him- roundels painted with a reddish pigment that contrasts self as a kind of a divine autograph2. This unique status with the white background. Combinations of three and determined the outstanding role played by the Holy four roundels separated by vertical strips from Christ’s Face and the Holy Script in the Christian culture. The face are shaped as tablets. The articulation of the sub- stories of these two major relics were closely interwov- ject suggests that it is not just an ornamental motif but en. Both have appeared in the same circumstances and a quite special concept with a particular meaning. The were venerated for centuries in the city of Edessa. Both form of roundels provides an answer. Most probably, were transferred from Edessa to Constantinople and they represented seven seals. Yet why do the seals ap- situated in the Pharos chapel – the imperial church-reli- pear on the Mandylion cloth? The origin of the motif quary of the Great Palace in Constantinople. -
Forensic Aspects and Blood Chemistry of the Turin Shroud Man
Scientific Research and Essays Vol. 7(29), pp. 2513-2525, 30 July, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/SRE DOI: 10.5897/SRE12.385 ISSN 1992 - 2248 ©2012 Academic Journals Review Forensic aspects and blood chemistry of the Turin Shroud Man Niels Svensson* and Thibault Heimburger 1Kalvemosevej 4, 4930 Maribo, Denmark. 215 rue des Ursulines, 93200 Saint-Denis, France. Accepted 12 July, 2012 On the Turin Shroud (TS) is depicted a faint double image of a naked man who has suffered a violent death. The image seems to be that of a real human body. Additionally, red stains of different size, form and density are spread all over the body image and in a few instances outside the body. Forensic examination by help of different analyzing tools reveals these stains as human blood. The distribution and flow of the blood, the position of the body are compatible with the fact that the Turin Shroud Man (TSM) has been crucified. This paper analyses the already known essential forensic findings supplied by new findings and experiments by the authors. Compared to the rather minute gospel description of the Passion of the Christ, then, from a forensic point of view, no findings speak against the hypothesis that the TS once has enveloped the body of the historical Jesus. Key words: Blood chemistry, crucifixion, forensic studies, Turin Shroud. INTRODUCTION The interest of the forensic examiners for the Turin Edwards et al.,1986; Zugibe, 2005). The TSM imprint is Shroud Man (TSM) image began with Paul Vignon and made of two different kinds of features: Yves Delage at the very beginning of the 20th century, after the remarkable discovery of the “negative” charac- i) The image itself, which has most of the properties of a teristics of the Turin Shroud (TS) image allowed by the negative “photography” and, as such, is best seen on the first photography of the TS by Secondo Pia in 1898. -
Likkledet I Torino: Hvem Støttet/Støtter C-14-Dateringen
Publisert 04.09.2018 LIKKLEDET I TORINO: HVEM STØTTET/STØTTER C-14-DATERINGEN Listen nedenfor er en liste over bøker, artikler og vitenskapelige artikler om Likkledet i Torino. Den er på ingen måte fullstendig, men er samlet over lang tid. Lista er satt opp for å vise hvor få forfattere om emnet som egentlig støtter riktigheten av C14- prøven fra 1988. Jeg viser til min egen bok om emnet, som kom i september 2018. Tittelen på den er: Likkledet i Torino: C14-dateringen 1988: Hva skjedde? Ikke alle artiklene handler om C14-prøven, selvsagt. En hjelp om dette kan være at tittelen jo avslører emnet, vanligvis. Som regel har bøkene med et kapittel eller to om C14-prøven og så godt som alltid svært negativt. Som du ser, er hvert oppsett forsynt med et nummer. Det er for lettere å kunne henvise til dem i annen sammenheng. De bøkene/forfatterne som støtter C14-prøven, er satt opp med RØDT. Av Jostein Andreassen A1= Adler, Alan D. & Whanger, Alan and Mary: Concerning the Side Strip on the Shroud of Turin (1997). ARTIKKEL. 6 sider. Omtaler C-14-dateringen. https://www.shroud.com/adler2.htm LIKKLEDET I TORINO: HVEM STØTTET/STØTTER C-14-DATERINGEN Side 1 av 1 A2= Adler, Alan D. & Piczek, Dame Isabel (eds.) & Minor, Michael (compiler): The Shroud of Turin. Unravelling the Mystery. In: Proceedings of the 1998 Dallas Symposium (2002). BOK; artikkelsamling av mange forfattere. A3= Ancient Origins (Magasin: nettside; forfatter ikke oppgitt): The Shroud of Turin: Controversial Cloth Defies Explanation as Study Shows it Has DNA From Around the World (2015). -
A Critical Summary of Observations, Data and Hypotheses
TThhee SShhrroouudd ooff TTuurriinn A Critical Summary of Observations, Data and Hypotheses If the truth were a mere mathematical formula, in some sense it would impose itself by its own power. But if Truth is Love, it calls for faith, for the ‘yes’ of our hearts. Pope Benedict XVI Version 4.0 Copyright 2017, Turin Shroud Center of Colorado Preface The purpose of the Critical Summary is to provide a synthesis of the Turin Shroud Center of Colorado (TSC) thinking about the Shroud of Turin and to make that synthesis available to the serious inquirer. Our evaluation of scientific, medical forensic and historical hypotheses presented here is based on TSC’s tens of thousands of hours of internal research, the Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP) data, and other published research. The Critical Summary synthesis is not itself intended to present new research findings. With the exception of our comments all information presented has been published elsewhere, and we have endeavored to provide references for all included data. We wish to gratefully acknowledge the contributions of several persons and organizations. First, we would like to acknowledge Dan Spicer, PhD in Physics, and Dave Fornof for their contributions in the construction of Version 1.0 of the Critical Summary. We are grateful to Mary Ann Siefker and Mary Snapp for proofreading efforts. The efforts of Shroud historian Jack Markwardt in reviewing and providing valuable comments for the Version 4.0 History Section are deeply appreciated. We also are very grateful to Barrie Schwortz (Shroud.com) and the STERA organization for their permission to include photographs from their database of STURP photographs. -
Constantinople 1 L Shaped H
The Shroud of Turin in Constantinople? Paper I An analysis of the L Shaped markings on the Shroud of Turin and an examination of the Holy Mandylion and Holy Shroud in the Madrid Skylitzes © Pam Moon Introduction This paper begins by looking at the pattern of marks on the Shroud of Turin which look like an L shape. The paper examines [1] the folding patterns, [2] the probable cause of the burn marks, and argues, with Aldo Guerreschi and Michele Salcito that it is accidental damage from incense. [3] It compares the marks with the Hungarian Pray manuscript. [4] In the second part, the paper looks at the historical text The Synopsis of the Histories attributed to Ioannes (John) Skylitzes. The illustrated history is known as the Madrid Skylitzes. It is the only surviving illustrated manuscript for Byzantine history for the ninth, tenth and eleventh centuries. The paper looks at images from the Madrid Skylitzes which relate to the Holy Mandylion, also known as the Image of Edessa. The Mandylion was the most precious artefact in the Byzantine empire and is repeatedly described as an image ‘not-made-by-hands.’ [5] The paper identifies a miniature in the Madrid Skylitzes (fol.26v; see below) which apparently shows the procession of a beheaded emperor Leon V in AD 820 and suggests that there could be a scribal error. The picture seems to show the Varangian Guard who arrived in Constantinople after AD 988, 168 years later. The picture may instead depict the procession of AD 1036, where the Holy Mandylion (and in some translations Holy Shroud) were carried though the streets of Constantinople. -
The History of the Image of Edessa : the Telling of a Story Author(S): AVERIL CAMERON Source: Harvard Ukrainian Studies, Vol
The President and Fellows of Harvard College The History of the Image of Edessa : The Telling of a Story Author(s): AVERIL CAMERON Source: Harvard Ukrainian Studies, Vol. 7, Okeanos: Essays presented to Ihor Ševčenko on his Sixtieth Birthday by his Colleagues and Students (1983), pp. 80-94 Published by: Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41036083 Accessed: 23-06-2016 20:51 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41036083?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The President and Fellows of Harvard College, Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Harvard Ukrainian Studies This content downloaded from 128.228.173.41 on Thu, 23 Jun 2016 20:51:41 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms The History of the Image of Edessa : The Telling of a Story AVERIL CAMERON There is no doubt that in Byzantine society religion had so far extended its domain that it constituted the single most important set of power relations. -
Status of Research on the Shroud of Turin
Status of Research on the Shroud of Turin by Robert A. Rucker, MS (nuclear) July 16, 2020 Reviewed by Mark Antonacci, JD, Author of two books on the Shroud. Abstract More research has been done on the Shroud of Turin than any other ancient artifact. Many dedicated individuals and groups in many countries are doing this research, yet many controversies remain due to the small size of most samples and lack of access to the Shroud. This paper summarizes five areas related to this research. Regarding philosophy, research on the Shroud should be done by following the evidence where it leads, which is forensic science, while rejecting the requirements of naturalism so that the researcher can have a neutral mindset in the research. There is a continuous history of the Shroud back to about 1356, but there is convincing evidence that it was in Constantinople prior to 1204 AD, with copies of it in art and coins back to the 6th and 7th centuries. There is good evidence that the image was caused by radiation that altered the structure of the organic compounds in the linen fibers, perhaps by means of a static discharge from the fibers. This radiation must have been emitted from within the body to carry the information from the body to the cloth that was required to control the mechanism that discolored the fibers. The best explanation for the carbon dating of the Shroud to 1260-1390 AD is that neutrons were included in this radiation. These neutrons formed new C14 in the fibers which could have shifted the C14 date forward by up to thousands of years, depending on the location on the Shroud. -
BSTS Newsletter No. 44
REVIEWS OF NEW BOOKS AND ARTICLES Orazio Petrosillo & Emanuela Marinelli, "The Enigma of the Shroud: A Challenge to Science", trans. from the Italian by Louis J. Scerri, Malta, Publishers Enterprises Group, 1996, 258pp., 16pp colour plates The translation into English of "La Sindone: Una Enigma all Prova della Scienza", as published back in 1990, and presented to Pope John Paul II. The translation, by Louis J.Scerri, has been a long time coming, but it is of excellent quality - partly thanks, it would seem, to the additional editorial involvement of Rex Morgan of Australia's Shroud News - and the book retains its freshness as a searching enquiry into the saga of the Shroud radiocarbon dating. Authors Orazio Petrosillo, a Vaticanologist with the Rome newspaper Il Messagero, and Professoressa Emanuela Marinelli of Rome's Collegamento pro Sindone, make the most thorough investigation into the whole set-up of the Shroud radiocarbon dating. They chronicle how highly respected individuals such as Professor Carlos Chagas of Rome's Pontifical Academy of Sciences were ousted from any involvement, and how the chosen radiocarbon dating scientists then bullied and politicked to make sure that theirs would be the only serious 'test' allowed. This thus gave them the maximum limelight, and had the effect of excluding anything that groups such as America's STURP wanted to do. A point that Petrosillo and Marinelli make particularly well is that because the radiocarbon laboratory scientists wanted to make their testing of the Shroud a showpiece demonstration of their AMS method, any question of the test's possible unreliability or unsuitability for the Shroud became completely downplayed. -
The Post-STURP Era of Shroud Research 1981 to the Present
The Post-STURP Era of Shroud Research 1981 to the Present Presented by BARRIE M. SCHWORTZ Editor and Founder Shroud of Turin Website www.shroud.com President, STERA, Inc. © 1978-2013 STERA, Inc. 4 1 The Post-STURP Era of Shroud Research 1981 to the Present LECTURE 4 A Review of the “Bleak" Years 2 A Review of the “Bleak” Years After the radiocarbon dating results were released, most Shroud research worldwide came to a complete halt. Many qualified researchers simply walked away, accepting that the cloth was medieval. Others, who were not convinced by the dating, quietly continued their work. It would take another 12 years before any significant evidence would come to light that could credibly challenge the medieval results (see Lecture #3 - The 1988 Radiocarbon Dating and STURP). During that time, many theories were proposed as to why the results were inconsistent with the other scientific and historical evidence. These were all tested and eventually discarded, since none of them proved to be credible. In this lecture we will review some of those theories and the events that occurred during that “bleak” period in Shroud research. 3 After the 1988 Radiocarbon Dating October 13, 1988: (Thursday) At a press conference held in Turin, Cardinal Ballestrero, Archbishop of Turin, makes an official announcement that the results of the three laboratories performing the Carbon dating of the Shroud have determined an approximate 1325 date for the cloth. At a similar press conference held at the British Museum, London, it is announced that the Shroud dates between 1260 and 1390 AD. -
Religious Experience and Photography: the Phenomenology of Photography As Revelatory of the Religious Play of Imagination
Open Theology 2017; 3: 224–234 Phenomenology of Religious Experience Open Access Javier E. Carreño* Religious Experience and Photography: The Phenomenology of Photography as Revelatory of the Religious Play of Imagination DOI 10.1515/opth-2017-0018 Received January 4, 2017; accepted April 13, 2017 Abstract: That there are genuinely religious representations, and that the practice of praying with images involves no confusion of the divine with its representation, are matters firmly established by a phenomenology of imagination such as Edmund Husserl’s. Moreover, such a phenomenological regard can become attentive to the concrete roles played by a viewer’s imagination in his dealings with various sorts of images. I propose to bring these phenomenological insights to show that there is a distinctively religious play of imagination in dealing with religious images. Moreover, I address this question by turning to one kind of representation which Barthes and others have found unsuitable for representing a religious subject, namely, photographic images. While agreeing with some of these reservations, this paper explores some of the ways in which photography may still be found to represent a religious subject, shifting the problem of religious photography from its inherent impossibility to its inadequacy. In doing so, I show that the distinctively religious play of imagination vis-à-vis religious representations cuts a wedge between the depictive and the symbolic, and is rather akin to a metaphorical use of representations. Keywords: Phenomenology, Religion, Imagination, Image, Photography “I may well worship an Image, a Painting, a Statue, but a photograph?”1 With this question, Roland Barthes wants to settle an issue that is not quite as clear for the religious believer who prays with depictive images. -
Shroud of Turin
The Methods and Techniques Employed in the Manufacture of the Shroud of Turin by Nicholas Peter Legh Allen DFA, MFA, Laur Tech FA. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor.Philosophiae f:) ~tl> ~ () I- I ~ e.. AY-I-s University of Durban-Westville . Supervisor: Prof JF Butler-Adam Co-supervisor: Dr EA Mare Co-supervisor: Fr LB Renetti December 1993 DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to the loving memory of Prof Thomas Herbert Matthews BFA, MFA, D Litt et Phil. 1936-1993 Adversus solem ne loquitor 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This inquiry would not have been possible without the selfless contributions effected by innumerable people who have each in their particular way facilitated my attempt to resolve the curious riddle of the Shroud oJ Turin's manufacture. Indeed, most persons involved had no knowledge of the precise nature of this investigation, which due to its sensitive (and what would indisputably have been considered speculative) disposition, had to be kept confidential until the last conceivable moment. In this regard, my earnest thanks go to the following persons and organizations, viz: Fr Dr L Boyle and his magnificent staff at the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, the staff of the British Library, the Biblioteque Nation ale , the Hertziana Library, Ms M Eales, Mrs J Thomas, Mrs D Barnard, Mrs G Coleske and the other forbearing staff of the Port Elizabeth Technikon Library. I am also indebted to Mr DR Stirling (University of Port Elizabeth) and Mr S Kemball, for their assistance with certain optical calculations. My sincere thanks also go to Mr DJ Griffith (optical engineer) and Mr D van Staaden of the Division of Manufacturing and Aeronautical Systems Technology, CSIR in Pretoria for their indispensable contributions and recommendations.