3GPP2 S.R0135-0 Version 1.0 April 2010

Network Architecture Model for Femtocell Enabled Systems

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3GPP2 S.R0135-0 1.0

REVISION HISTORY

Revision Description of Changes Date Rev 0 v1.0 Initial publication April 2010

3GPP2 S.R0135-0 1.0 1 2 3 4 CONTENTS 5 6 1 OVERVIEW ...... 1 7 8 1.1 Scope ...... 1 9 1.2 References ...... 1 10 11 1.3 Acronyms...... 2 12 1.4 Definitions ...... 4 13 14 2 ARCHITECTURE MODEL ...... 4 15 16 2.1 Architecture Diagram ...... 4 17 2.2 Network Entities ...... 5 18 2.3 Reference Points ...... 10 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

i 3GPP2 S.R0135-0 1.0 1 2 3 TABLE OF FIGURES 4 5 Figure 2.1-1 Network Architecture Model for cdma2000 Femtocell Enabled Systems 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

ii 3GPP2 S.R0135-0 1.0 1 2 3 4 5 Foreword 6 7 This foreword is not part of this specification. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

iii 3GPP2 S.R0135-0 1.0 1 2 3 This page intentionally left blank. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

iv 3GPP2 S.R0135-0 1.0 1 2 3 4 5 1 OVERVIEW 6 rd 7 This document provides the 3 Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) 1 8 Network Architecture Model (NAM) for cdma2000® systems that include 9 femtocell network entities. The cdma2000 Femtocell NAM supports the 10 11 requirements in S.R0126 [19]. 12 13 1.1 Scope 14 15 This document describes the entity names and reference point for cdma2000 16 Femtocell enabled systems. Items that are outside the scope of this document 17 include functional operation of the network entities, protocols of the interfaces, 18 19 and requirements. 20 21 1.2 References 22 23 1.2.1 Informative References 24 25 References are either specific (i.e. identified by date of publication, revision 26 identifier and/or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, earlier 27 or later versions may not apply. For non-specific references, the latest revision 28 29 applies. 30 [1] 3GPP2 A.S0008-C v2.0, Interoperability Specification (IOS) for High 31 32 Rate Packet Data (HRPD) Radio Access Network Interfaces with Session 33 Control in the Access Network, January 2009. 34 35 [2] 3GPP2 A.S0009-C v2.0, Interoperability Specification (IOS) for High 36 Rate Packet Data (HRPD) Radio Access Network Interfaces with Session 37 Control in the Packet Control Function, January 2009. 38 39 [3] 3GPP2 A.S0011-D v2.0, Interoperability Specification (IOS) for 40 cdma2000 Access Network Interfaces — Part 1 Overview (3G-IOS v5.1.1), 41 42 August 2009. 43 [4] 3GPP2 A.S0012-D v2.0, Interoperability Specification (IOS) for 44 45 cdma2000 Access Network Interfaces — Part 2 Transport (3G-IOS 46 v5.1.1), August 2009. 47 48 [5] 3GPP2 A.S0013-D v2.0, Interoperability Specification (IOS) for 49 cdma2000 Access Network Interfaces — Part 3 Features (3G-IOS v5.1.1), 50 August 2009. 51 52 [6] 3GPP2 A.S0014-D v2.0, Interoperability Specification (IOS) for 53 cdma2000 Access Network Interfaces — Part 4 (A1, A1p, A2, and A5 54 55 Interfaces) (3G-IOS v5.1.1), August 2009. 56 57 58 1 59 cdma2000® is the trademark for the technical nomenclature for certain specifications and standards of the 60 Organizational Partners (OPs) of 3GPP2. Geographically (and as of the date of publication), cdma2000® is a registered trademark of the Industry Association (TIA-USA) in the .

1 3GPP2 S.R0135-0 1.0 1 2 [7] 3GPP2 A.S0015-D v2.0, Interoperability Specification (IOS) for 3 4 cdma2000 Access Network Interfaces — Part 5 (A3 and A7 Interfaces) 5 (3G-IOS v5.1.1), August 2009. 6 7 [8] 3GPP2 A.S0016-D v2.0, Interoperability Specification (IOS) for 8 cdma2000 Access Network Interfaces — Part 6 (A8 and A9 Interfaces) 9 (3G-IOS v5.1.1), August 2009. 10 11 [9] 3GPP2 A.S0017-D v2.0, Interoperability Specification (IOS) for 12 cdma2000 Access Network Interfaces — Part 7 (A10 and A11 Interfaces) 13 14 (3G-IOS v5.1.1), August 2009. 15 [10] 3GPP2 A.S0024-0 v1.0, Interoperability Specification (IOS) for Femtocell 16 17 Access Points, March 2010. 18 [11] 3GPP2 C.S0001-E v1.0, Introduction to cdma2000 Standards for Spread 19 20 Spectrum Systems, September 2009. 21 [12] 3GPP2 C.S0002-E v1.0, Physical Layer Standard for cdma2000 Spread 22 23 Spectrum Systems, September, 2009. 24 25 [13] 3GPP2 C.S0003-E v1.0, Medium Access Control (MAC) Standard for 26 cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems, September 2009. 27 28 [14] 3GPP2 C.S0004-E v1.0, Signaling Link Access Control (LAC) Standard 29 for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems, June 2009. 30 31 [15] 3GPP2 C.S0005-E v1.0, Upper Layer (Layer 3) Signaling Standard for 32 cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems, September 2009. 33 34 [16] 3GPP2 C.S0024-B v3.0, cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Air Interface 35 Specification, September 2007. 36 37 [17] 3GPP2 S.R0005-B v2.0, Network Reference Model for CDMA2000 38 Spread Spectrum Systems, May 2007. 39 40 [18] 3GPP2 S.R0037-B v2.0, IP Network Architecture Model for cdma2000 41 Spread Spectrum Systems, June 2009. 42 43 [19] 3GPP2 S.R0126-0 v1.0, System Requirements for Femto Cell Systems, 15 44 May, 2008. 45 46 [20] 3GPP2 X.S0059-000-0 v1.0, cdma2000 Femtocell Network: Overview, 47 January 2010. 48 49 50 1.3 Acronyms 51 3GPP2 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 52 53 AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting 54 AC Authentication Center 55 56 AI Air Interface 57 AN Access Network 58 AN-AAA Access Network Authentication, Authorization, and 59 60 Accounting

2 3GPP2 S.R0135-0 1.0 1 2 3 AP Access Point 4 5 AT Access Terminal 6 BS 7 8 EMS Element Management System 9 ESN Electronic Serial Number 10 11 FA Foreign Agent 12 FAP Femtocell Access Point 13 FCS Femtocell Convergence Server 14 15 FGW Femtocell Gateway 16 FMS Femtocell Management System 17 18 HA Home Agent 19 HLR Home Location Register 20 21 HRPD High Rate Packet Data 22 IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem 23 24 IOS Interoperability Specification 25 IP Protocol 26 IPsec IP Security 27 28 IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6 29 ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network 30 31 LAC Link Access Control 32 LIIWF LMSD – IMS Interworking Function 33 34 LIPA Local IP Access 35 LMA Local Mobility Anchor 36 LMSD Legacy MS Domain 37 38 MAC Medium Access Control 39 MAG Mobile Access Gateway 40 41 MAP Mobile Application Part 42 MC Message Center 43 44 MDN Mobile Directory Number 45 MGCF Media Gateway Control Function 46 47 MGW Media Gateway 48 MIP Mobile IP 49 MM Mobility Management 50 51 MPC Mobile Positioning Center 52 MS Mobile Station 53 54 MSC Mobile Switching Center 55 MSCe Mobile Switching Center emulation 56 57 NAM Network Architecture Model 58 OEP Other End Point 59 OSF-EML Operating System Function – Element Management 60 Layer

3 3GPP2 S.R0135-0 1.0 1 2 PCF Packet Control Function 3 4 PCM Pulse Code Modulation 5 PDE Position Determining Entity 6 7 PDSN Packet Data Serving 8 PMIP Proxy Mobile IP 9 10 PPP Point to Point Protocol 11 PSAP Public Safety Answering Point 12 PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network 13 14 RAN Radio Access Network 15 SC Session Control 16 17 SeGW Security Gateway 18 SIP Session Initiation Protocol 19 20 SMS Short Message Service 21 SS7 Signaling System 7 22 23 UDI Unrestricted Digital Information 24 25 1.4 Definitions 26 27 1x cdma2000 1x. Refer to A.S0011 [3]. 28 29 2 ARCHITECTURE MODEL 30 31 32 2.1 Architecture Diagram 33 34 The NAM is comprised of the network entities and reference points as shown in 35 Figure 2.1-1. Some of the network entities are a collection of network entities that 36 are defined in A.S0024 [10] and X.S0059 [20]. The NAM is a superset of possible 37 38 reference points and entities. An implementation can implement a subset of the 39 entities and reference points. 40 41 Entities and reference points specific to cdma2000 Femtocells are bolded. 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

4 3GPP2 S.R0135-0 1.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Figure 2.1-1 Network Architecture Model for cdma2000 Femtocell Enabled 39 Systems 40 41 2.2 Network Entities 42 43 44 2.2.1 1x Macro BS/PCF 45 46 The 1x Macro Base Station (BS)/Packet Control Function (PCF) is an entity in the 47 public radio telecommunications system used for radio telecommunications with 48 MSs. The 1x Macro BS/PCF is defined in A.S0011 through A.S0017 49 [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. 50 51 52 2.2.2 1x Mobile Station (MS) 53 54 The 1x Mobile Station (1x MS) is an entity in the public cellular radio 55 telecommunications service intended to be used while in motion or during halts at 56 unspecified points. The 1x MS operates on the 1x air interface per C.S0001 57 through C.S0005 [11][12][13][14][15]. 58 59 60

5 3GPP2 S.R0135-0 1.0 1 2 3 2.2.3 Circuit Services Network 4 The Circuit Services Network consists of entities primarily dealing with circuit 5 6 switched services. Unless otherwise noted, refer to X.S0059 [20] for use in the 7 context of how the entity supports cdma2000 Femtocells. 8 9 2.2.3.1 Home Location Register (HLR)/Authentication Center (AC) 10 11 The Home Location Register (HLR) is the location register to which a user 12 identity is assigned for record purposes such as subscriber information (e.g. 13 14 Electronic Serial Number (ESN), Mobile Directory Number (MDN), Profile 15 Information, Current Location, and Authorization Period). The Authentication 16 Center (AC) is an entity that manages the authentication information related to the 17 1x MS. 18 19 20 2.2.3.2 Legacy Mobile Station Domain – IMS – Interworking Function 21 22 (LIIWF) 23 The Legacy MS Domain (LMSD) - IMS - Interworking Function (LIIWF) 24 25 provides interworking between the Mobile Switching Center emulation (MSCe) 26 and IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) by interworking LMSD Session Initiation 27 Protocol (SIP) and IMS SIP. 28 29 30 2.2.3.3 Media Gateway (MGW) 31 The Media Gateway (MGW) provides an interface between the packet 32 33 environment of the Core Network and the circuit switched environment of the 34 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) for bearer traffic, when equipped 35 with circuit capabilities. The MGW provides vocoding and/or transcoding 36 functions to the bearer traffic. The MGW also provides modem functions to 37 38 convert digital byte streams to and from audio modem tones placed on circuits, 39 and provides the capability to terminate Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) 40 connections. It also provides policy enforcement relative to its activities and 41 resources. Refer to S.R0037 [18]. 42 43 44 2.2.3.4 Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF) 45 46 The Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF) provides the ability to control a 47 Media Gateway through standardized interfaces. Such control includes allocation 48 and de-allocation of resources of the Media Gateway, as well as modification of 49 50 the usage of those resources. 51 52 2.2.3.5 Message Center (MC) 53 54 The Message Center (MC) is an entity that stores and forwards short messages. 55 The MC also provides supplementary services for Short Message Service (SMS). 56 57 58 59 60

6 3GPP2 S.R0135-0 1.0 1 2 3 4 2.2.3.6 Mobile Application Part (MAP) 5 The Mobile Application Part (MAP) is a Signaling System 7 (SS7) protocol 6 7 which provides an application layer for the various nodes in mobile core networks 8 to communicate with each other in order to provide services to mobile phone 9 users. 10 11 12 2.2.3.7 Mobile Positioning Center (MPC) 13 14 The Mobile Positioning Center (MPC) selects a Position Determining Entity 15 (PDE) to determine the position of a mobile station. The MPC restricts access to 16 position information (e.g., require that the 1x MS be engaged in an emergency 17 call or only release position information to authorized network entities). 18 19 20 2.2.3.8 Mobile Switching Center (MSC)/Mobile Switching Center 21 emulation (MSCe) 22 23 The MSC is either a circuit-switched MSC or an Internet Protocol (IP)-based 24 MSCe and provides processing and control for calls and services. 25 26 27 2.2.3.9 Other End Point (OEP) 28 29 An Other End Point (OEP) is the communicating party with whom the 1x MS is 30 communicating. 31 32 33 2.2.3.10 Position Determining Entity (PDE) 34 The PDE facilitates determination of the position or geographical location of a 35 36 terminal. 37 38 2.2.3.11 Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) 39 40 A Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) is a call center responsible for 41 answering calls to an emergency telephone number for police, firefighting, and 42 ambulance services. 43 44 45 2.2.3.12 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 46 47 The PSTN is defined in accordance with the appropriate ANSI T1 Standards. 48 49 2.2.4 Femtocell Access Network 50 51 The Femtocell Access Network consists of entities primarily dealing with 52 cdma2000 Femtocells. Unless otherwise noted, refer to X.S0059 [20] for use in 53 54 the context of how the entity supports cdma2000 Femtocells. 55 56 2.2.4.1 Femtocell Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Server 57 58 (Femtocell AAA) 59 The Femtocell AAA provides a Femtocell Access Point (FAP) authorization 60 function.

7 3GPP2 S.R0135-0 1.0 1 2 3 2.2.4.2 Femtocell Gateway (FGW) 4 The Femtocell Gateway (FGW) is a network entity that resides in an operator's 5 6 network and provides aggregation and proxy functions for the Femtocell Access 7 Point to access services within the system operator’s network. 8 9 10 2.2.4.3 Femtocell Management System (FMS) 11 The Femtocell Management System (FMS) is a network entity that resides in an 12 13 operator's network and aids in the auto-configuration of the FAP before the 1x 14 MS can access services through the FAP. 15 16 2.2.4.4 Foreign Agent/Mobile Access Gateway (FA/MAG) 17 18 The Foreign Agent (FA) de-tunnels and delivers data-grams to the mobile node 19 that were tunneled by the mobile node's home agent. The Mobile Access Gateway 20 21 (MAG) is a function on an access router that manages the mobility-related 22 signaling for a mobile node that is attached to its access link. 23 24 2.2.4.5 Security Gateway (SeGW) 25 26 The Security Gateway (SeGW) is a network entity residing in an operator's 27 28 network that provides secure access for the FAP to the operator’s network 29 30 2.2.5 Femtocell Access Point (FAP) 31 32 The FAP is a (AP) operating in licensed spectrum to 33 connect a 1x MS and/or HRPD AT to the operator’s network through the public 34 Internet infrastructure. The FAP is defined in A.S0024 [10] and X.S0059 [20]. 35 36 37 2.2.6 Femtocell Convergence Server (FCS) 38 39 The Femtocell Convergence Server (FCS) is an application server that provides 40 interworking between the FAP that is supporting the 1x Mobile; the SIP 41 environment of IMS; and the appropriate Mobile Application Part (MAP) network 42 elements The MAP contains elements such as the HLR, Message Center (MC), 43 44 Mobile Positioning Center (MPC), and Mobile Switching Center (MSC). 45 46 2.2.7 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) 47 48 The IMS is an architectural framework for delivering IP multimedia services. 49 Refer to S.R0137 [18]. 50 51 52 2.2.8 HRPD AT 53 The HRPD AT is a device providing data connectivity to a user. The HRPD AT 54 55 uses the HRPD Air Interface (AI) as defined in C.S0024 [16]. 56 57 58 59 60

8 3GPP2 S.R0135-0 1.0 1 2 3 4 2.2.9 HRPD Macro AN/PCF 5 The HRPD Macro Access Network (AN)/PCF is defined in A.S0008 [1] and 6 7 A.S0009 [2]. The HRPD Macro AN/PCF is a logical entity in the HRPD Radio 8 Access Network (RAN) used for radio communications with the HRPD AT. 9 10 2.2.10 Local Correspondent Node 11 12 The Local Correspondent Node is generic IP based equipment that is outside the 13 scope of this specification. 14 15 16 2.2.11 Element Management System 17 18 The Element Management System (EMS) provides the Operating System 19 Function – Element Management Layer (OSF-EML) capabilities described in 20 S.R0037 [18]. The EMS functions span across all operations systems functions 21 (e.g., Fault Management, Accounting Management, Performance Management, 22 23 Configuration Management and Security Management). 24 25 2.2.12 Packet Services Network 26 27 The Packet Services Network consists of entities primarily dealing with packet 28 data services. Unless otherwise noted, refer to X.S0059 [20] for use in the context 29 of how the entity supports cdma2000 Femtocells. 30 31 32 2.2.12.1 Access Network Authentication, Authorization, and 33 Accounting (AN-AAA) Server 34 35 The AN Authentication, Authorization and Accounting server performs access 36 authentication functions for the RAN. 37 38 39 2.2.12.2 Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) 40 Server 41 42 The Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) server provides 43 44 support for authentication, authorization, and accounting procedures. 45 46 2.2.12.3 Home Agent/Local Mobility Anchor (HA/LMA) 47 48 The Home Agent (HA) is the topological anchor point for the home network of 49 the 1x MS and HRPD AT and is the entity that manages the reach-ability state of 50 the 1x MS and HRPD AT. Local Mobility Anchor (LMA) is the home agent for 51 52 the mobile node in a Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP) Version 6 (IPv6) domain. 53 54 2.2.12.4 Internet 55 56 The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that uses a 57 standardized internet protocol suite (e.g. TCP/IP). 58 59 60

9 3GPP2 S.R0135-0 1.0 1 2 3 2.2.12.5 IP Multimedia Network 4 The IP Multimedia Network is a collection of functions for delivering IP 5 6 multimedia services. 7 8 2.2.12.6 Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN) 9 10 The Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN) is an entity that routes HRPD AT 11 originated or HRPD AT terminated packet data traffic. 12 13 14 2.3 Reference Points 15 16 2.3.1 1x AI 17 18 The 1x Air Interface (AI) reference point is defined in C.S0001 through C.S0005 19 [11][12][13][14][15]. The 1x AI connects between a 1x MS and a 1x Macro 20 21 BS/PCF and/or a FAP. 22 23 2.3.2 A1, A2, A1p, A2p 24 25 The A1, A2, A1p, A2p reference point is defined in A.S0011 [3], A.S0012 [4], 26 A.S0013 [5], and A.S0014 [6]. 27 28 A1 This interface carries signaling information between the call control and mobility 29 management functions of the circuit-switched MSC and the call control 30 component of the macro BS. 31 32 A1p This interface carries signaling information between the call control and mobility 33 management functions of the MSCe and the call control component of the macro 34 BS. 35 36 A2 This interface is used to provide a path for user traffic. The A2 interface carries 37 64/56 kbps Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) information (for circuit-oriented 38 voice) or 64 kbps Unrestricted Digital Information (UDI), for Integrated Services 39 Digital Network (ISDN), between the circuit-switched MSC and the BS. 40 41 A2p This interface provides a path for packet-based user traffic sessions. The A2p 42 interface carries voice information via IP packets between the MGW and the BS. 43 44 45 2.3.3 A10, A11, A12 46 The A10, A11, A12 reference point is defined in various specifications depending 47 48 on which entities are being connected. 49 The A10, A11 reference point between the 1x Macro BS/PCF and the Packet 50 51 Services Network is defined in A.S0011 [3], A.S0012 [4], A.S0013 [5], and 52 A.S0017 [9]. 53 54 The A10, A11, A12 reference point between the FAP and the Femtocell Access 55 Network is defined in A.S0024 [10]. 56 57 The A10, A11, A12 reference point between the Femtocell Access Network and 58 the Packet Services Network is defined in X.S0059 [20]. 59 60

10 3GPP2 S.R0135-0 1.0 1 2 3 The A10, A11, A12 reference point between the HRPD Macro AN/PCF and the 4 5 Packet Services Network is defined in A.S0008 [1] and A.S0009 [2]. 6 A10 This interface carries user traffic between the FAP and the FGW or between the 7 8 PCF and the PDSN. 9 A11 This interface carries signaling information between the FAP and the FGW or 10 between the PCF and the PDSN. 11 12 A12 This interface carries signaling information related to access/terminal 13 authentication between the FAP or the AN/PCF and the AN-AAA. 14 15 16 2.3.4 A13, A16, A24 17 The A13, A16, A24 reference point is defined in various specifications depending 18 19 on which entities are being connected. 20 21 The A13, A16, A24 reference point between the FAP and the Femtocell Access 22 Network is defined in A.S0024 [10]. 23 24 The A13, A16, A24 reference point between the Femtocell Access Network and 25 the HRPD Macro AN/PCF is defined in A.S0008 [1] and A.S0009 [2]. 26 27 A13 This interface carries signaling information between the Session Control 28 (SC)/Mobility Management (MM) function in the macro AN/PCF and the 29 SC/MM function in the FAP for idle state session transfer and inter-AN/PCF 30 paging when the HRPD AT is in idle state. 31 32 A16 This interface carries signaling information between the HRPD Macro AN/PCF 33 and the FAP for HRPD inter-AN connected state session transfer (hard handoff). 34 35 A24 This interface carries buffered user data between the HRPD Macro AN/PCF and 36 the FAP for an HRPD AT, during A13 session transfer. 37 38 2.3.5 E 39 40 The E reference point connects between FCS and MSC or MSCe. Refer to 41 S.R0005 [17]. 42 43 44 2.3.6 Fx1, Fx2, Fx3, Fm 45 The Fx1, Fx2, Fx3, Fm reference point is defined in X.S0059 [20]. 46 47 Fx1 The Fx1 interface is the bearer interface between the FAP and the MGW. The 48 FX1 interface is also the bearer interface between the FAP and the IP Multimedia 49 Network. 50 51 Fx2 The Fx2 interface is the signaling interface between the FAP and the IMS. 52 53 Fx3 The Fx3 interface is an IP security (IPsec) tunnel between the FAP and the 54 SeGW. 55 56 Fm The Fm interface enables auto-configuration of the FAP by the FMS. 57 58 59 60

11 3GPP2 S.R0135-0 1.0 1 2 3 2.3.7 HRPD AI 4 The HRPD AI is defined in C.S0024 [16]. The HRPD AI connects between an 5 6 HRPD AT and a HRPD Macro AN/PCF and/or a FAP. 7 8 2.3.8 LIPA 9 10 Local IP Access (LIPA) is defined in A.S0024 [10]. 11 12 2.3.9 Ma or ISC (SIP) 13 14 The Ma or ISC (SIP) reference point connects between the FCS and the IMS. 15 16 17 2.3.10 Mg, Mm (SIP) 18 The Mg reference point connects between the IMS and the MGCF and MGW. 19 20 The Mm (SIP) reference point connects between the IMS and the IP Multimedia 21 Network. The Mm (SIP) reference point also connects between the IMS and the 22 23 LIIWF. 24 25 2.3.11 Mobile IP (MIP) 26 27 The Mobile IP (MIP) reference point is defined in X.S0059 [20]. The MIP 28 reference point connects between the Femtocell Access Network and the Packet 29 Services Network. 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

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