MODULE 00103, Part 1 MODULE 00103-09 INTRODUCTION TO HAND TOOLS (00103 LESSON 1 of 2) SLIDE PRESENTATION MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 1 Objectives When you have completed this module, you will be able to do the following: 1. Recognize and identify some of the basic hand tools and their proper uses in the construction trade. 2. Visually inspect hand tools to determine if they are safe to use. 3. Safely use hand tools. MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 2 1.0.0 INTRODUCTION • Members of the construction trades use a large variety of hand tools. This module describes those tools, discusses their uses, and explains how to use them safely. MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 3A 2.0.0 HAMMERS • There are several types of hammers, and they come in different sizes and weights. Two of the most common types are the claw hammer and the ball peen hammer. • The claw hammer is used to drive nails, wedges, and dowels. The claw end is used to remove nails. • It is important to select a high-quality hammer. • It is easier to drive nails with a flat-faced Figure 1 Claw hammer. hammer, but the bell-faced hammer has a rounded face that allows the nail to be driven flush without damaging the work surface. • When using a claw hammer, hold it so the end of the handle is even with the lower edge of your palm. MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 3B • Ball peen hammers are used with chisels and punches. The rounded end is used to round off rivets, align brackets, and perform other similar tasks. Welders also use these hammers. • Do not use a hammer with a cast head, as a chip could break off and injure you or someone else. • Play video on Slide 3C. Figure 2 Ball peen hammer. MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 3C 2.0.0 HAMMERS MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 4A 2.0.0 HAMMERS • A sledgehammer is a heavy-duty tool used to drive stakes and posts. It is also used to break up cast iron and concrete. • The head of a sledgehammer is made of high-carbon steel. It may weigh from 2 to 20 pounds. • Play video on Slide 4B. Figure 3 Sledgehammers. MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 4B 2.0.0 HAMMERS MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 5A 2.0.0 HAMMERS • Always wear appropriate PPE such as steel-toed boots and eye protection when using a sledgehammer. • Never hold the object while it is being driven. Serious injury is likely if any part of the body is hit with the sledgehammer. • Play video on Slide 5B. Figure 4 Proper use of a long-handled sledgehammer. MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 5B 2.0.0 HAMMERS MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 6A 3.0.0 RIPPING BARS AND NAIL PULLERS • Ripping bars and nail pullers are used to pull apart wood and pull nails. These tools are often needed for remodeling and repair jobs. • A ripping bar—also called a pinch, pry, or wrecking bar—can range from 12 to 36” long. It is used for dismantling woodwork such as building framing and concrete forms. • One end is used as a nail puller; the other end is used for prying apart materials that are nailed together. • There are three types of nail pullers: cat’s paw, chisel bar, and flat bar. Figure 5 Ripping bars and nail pullers. MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 6B • The cat’s paw is used to pull nails that are flush with, or slightly below, the surface. • The chisel bar can be used like a claw hammer to pull nails or can be driven into wood to split it and pull apart the pieces. • The flat bar can be used as a nail puller or as a small pry bar. • Be sure to wear appropriate PPE, especially eye protection, when using these tools. • To prevent injury when pulling a nail, be sure the material holding the nail is braced securely before you pull. • When using a wrecking bar, be sure to have balanced footing and keep a firm grip on the tool. You can lose your balance and fall when using a tool with this much leverage. • Play video on Slide 6C. MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 6C 3.0.0 RIPPING BARS AND NAIL PULLERS MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 7A 4.0.0 CHISELS AND PUNCHES • Chisels are used to cut and shape wood, stone, or metal. Punches are used to indent metal, drive pins, and align holes. • A chisel has a sharpened, beveled edge. There are two types: wood chisels and cold chisels. • Play video on Slide 7B. Figure 6 Cold and wood chisels. MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 7B 4.0.0 CHISELS AND PUNCHES MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 8 4.0.0 CHISELS AND PUNCHES • One common use for a wood chisel is to make a recess for a door hinge. • Note that a mallet is used to strike a wood chisel. Also keep in mind that wood chisels are sharp and must be handled carefully. Figure 7 Proper use of a wood chisel. MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 9 4.0.0 CHISELS AND PUNCHES • A cold chisel can be used to cut off rivets, nuts, and bolts. • A holding tool should be used to hold the chisel in place when striking it. The cold chisel is struck with a ball peen hammer. Read the text for instructions on how to use a cold chisel. • When working with punches and chisels, wear safety goggles, and do not use a chisel head or hammer that has become mushroomed or flattened. Figure 8 Chisel damage. MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 10 4.0.0 CHISELS AND PUNCHES • Punches are made of hardened and tempered steel. There are three types of punches. • One common use for a punch is to make an indentation at the place where you want to drill a hole. This makes it easier to start the hole. • A punch can also be used to punch a hole in sheet metal. Figure 9 Punches. MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 11 5.0.0 SCREWDRIVERS • A screwdriver is used to tighten or remove screws. A screwdriver is identified by the type of screw it is used with. • The slotted (standard) and Phillips- head screwdriver are the most common types. Figure 10 Common screw heads. MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 12 5.0.0 SCREWDRIVERS • A screwdriver has three distinct parts: a handle, a shank, and a blade. Most blades are made of tempered steel. Figure 11 Slotted and Phillips-head screwdrivers. MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 13 5.0.0 SCREWDRIVERS • A screwdriver must have the right size blade for the job. Using the wrong size can damage the screw. • When using a screwdriver, apply firm, steady pressure. • Never use a screwdriver near live wires or as an electrical tester. Figure 12 Proper use of a screwdriver. MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 14A 6.0.0 PLIERS AND WIRE CUTTERS • Pliers can be thought of as a type of wrench. You will use pliers to hold, cut, and bend wire and soft metals. • Pliers should not be used on nuts and bolts, as pliers are likely to round the edges of the six-sided head, so that wrenches will no longer fit properly. • High-quality pliers are made of hardened steel. There are several types. Figure 13 Types of pliers. MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 14B • Slip-joint pliers have adjustable jaws. They are used to hold objects and to hold and bend wire. • Slip-joint pliers have two settings, so they can handle different sizes of material. • Needle-nose pliers are used to get into tight places or to grip parts that are too small to hold with your fingers. They have a sharp wire cutter near the pivot point. • Some needle-nose pliers have a spring between the handles to keep them open and ready to use. • Lineman pliers have wide jaws, which makes it easier for them to hold and bend heavy wire. The handles are designed to provide a strong grip. • When cutting wire with lineman pliers, always point the loose end of the wire down. MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 15 6.0.0 PLIERS AND WIRE CUTTERS • Tongue-and-groove pliers have serrated teeth that grip flat, square, round, or hexagonal objects. • Tongue-and-groove pliers have five different settings, which are selected by slipping the curved ridge into the desired groove. • Large tongue-and-groove pliers are used to handle larger objects such as pipes. Figure 14 Proper use of tongue-and-groove pliers. MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 16 6.0.0 PLIERS AND WIRE CUTTERS • Locking pliers clamp onto an object the way a vise does. The adjusting knob in the handle controls the width and tension of the jaws. • Squeeze the handles to fasten onto an object. Squeeze the lever between the handles to release the pliers. • When using pliers, hold the handles near the ends to avoid Figure 15 Proper use of locking pliers. pinching your fingers. This is especially true for needle-nose pliers. MODULE 00103, Part 1 SLIDE 17A 7.0.0 WRENCHES • Wrenches are used to hold and turn screws, nuts, and bolts that have octagonal (six-sided) heads. Some wrenches are designed to hold and turn threaded pipes. • There are adjustable and nonadjustable wrenches. A nonadjustable wrench fits only one size nut or bolt. They are available in English and metric sizes. Adjustable wrenches can be adjusted to fit different-sized nuts and bolts.