Giornate Di Paleontologia 2018
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Phylogenetic Relationships of Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) Based on 18S Rdna Sequence Data, and Implications for Opercular Evolution Janina Lehrkea,Ã, Harry A
ARTICLE IN PRESS Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 7 (2007) 195–206 www.elsevier.de/ode Phylogenetic relationships of Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) based on 18S rDNA sequence data, and implications for opercular evolution Janina Lehrkea,Ã, Harry A. ten Hoveb, Tara A. Macdonaldc, Thomas Bartolomaeusa, Christoph Bleidorna,1 aInstitute for Zoology, Animal Systematics and Evolution, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Street 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany bZoological Museum, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam, The Netherlands cBamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada, V0R 1B0 Received 19 December 2005; accepted 2 June 2006 Abstract Phylogenetic relationships of (19) serpulid taxa (including Spirorbinae) were reconstructed based on 18S rRNA gene sequence data. Maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference, and maximum parsimony methods were used in phylogenetic reconstruction. Regardless of the method used, monophyly of Serpulidae is confirmed and four monophyletic, well- supported major clades are recovered: the Spirorbinae and three groups hitherto referred to as the Protula-, Serpula-, and Pomatoceros-group. Contrary to the taxonomic literature and the hypothesis of opercular evolution, the Protula- clade contains non-operculate (Protula, Salmacina) and operculate taxa both with pinnulate and non-pinnulate peduncle (Filograna vs. Vermiliopsis), and most likely is the sister group to Spirorbinae. Operculate Serpulinae and poorly or non-operculate Filograninae are paraphyletic. It is likely that lack of opercula in some serpulid genera is not a plesiomorphic character state, but reflects a special adaptation. r 2007 Gesellschaft fu¨r Biologische Systematik. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. Keywords: Serpulidae; Phylogeny; Operculum; 18S rRNA gene; Annelida; Polychaeta Introduction distinctive calcareous tubes and bilobed tentacular crowns, each with numerous radioles that bear shorter Serpulids are common members of marine hard- secondary branches (pinnules) on the inner side. -
Biomineralization of Polychaete Annelids in the Fossil Record
minerals Review Biomineralization of Polychaete Annelids in the Fossil Record Olev Vinn Department of Geology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; [email protected]; Tel.: +372-5067728 Received: 31 August 2020; Accepted: 25 September 2020; Published: 29 September 2020 Abstract: Ten distinct microstructures occur in fossil serpulids and serpulid tubes can contain several layers with different microstructures. Diversity and complexity of serpulid skeletal structures has greatly increased throughout their evolution. In general, Cenozoic serpulid skeletal structures are better preserved than Mesozoic ones. The first complex serpulid microstructures comparable to those of complex structures of molluscs appeared in the Eocene. The evolution of serpulid tube microstructures can be explained by the importance of calcareous tubes for serpulids as protection against predators and environmental disturbances. Both fossil cirratulids and sabellids are single layered and have only spherulitic prismatic tube microstructures. Microstructures of sabellids and cirratulids have not evolved since the appearance of calcareous species in the Jurassic and Oligocene, respectively. The lack of evolution in sabellids and cirratulids may result from the unimportance of biomineralization for these groups as only few species of sabellids and cirratulids have ever built calcareous tubes. Keywords: biominerals; calcite; aragonite; skeletal structures; serpulids; sabellids; cirratulids; evolution 1. Introduction Among polychaete annelids, calcareous tubes are known in serpulids, cirratulids and sabellids [1–3]. The earliest serpulids and sabellids are known from the Permian [4], and cirratulids from the Oligocene [5]. Only serpulids dwell exclusively within calcareous tubes. Polychaete annelids build their tubes from calcite, aragonite or a mixture of both polymorphs. Calcareous polychaete tubes possess a variety of ultrastructural fabrics, from simple to complex, some being unique to annelids [1]. -
A Basal Lithostrotian Titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) with a Complete Skull: Implications for the Evolution and Paleobiology of Titanosauria
RESEARCH ARTICLE A Basal Lithostrotian Titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) with a Complete Skull: Implications for the Evolution and Paleobiology of Titanosauria Rubén D. F. Martínez1*, Matthew C. Lamanna2, Fernando E. Novas3, Ryan C. Ridgely4, Gabriel A. Casal1, Javier E. Martínez5, Javier R. Vita6, Lawrence M. Witmer4 1 Laboratorio de Paleovertebrados, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina, 2 Section of Vertebrate Paleontology, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 3 Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 4 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America, 5 Hospital Regional de Comodoro Rivadavia, Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina, 6 Resonancia Magnética Borelli, Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: Martínez RDF, Lamanna MC, Novas FE, Ridgely RC, Casal GA, Martínez JE, et al. (2016) A Basal Lithostrotian Titanosaur (Dinosauria: Abstract Sauropoda) with a Complete Skull: Implications for the Evolution and Paleobiology of Titanosauria. PLoS We describe Sarmientosaurus musacchioi gen. et sp. nov., a titanosaurian sauropod dino- ONE 11(4): e0151661. doi:10.1371/journal. saur from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian—Turonian) Lower Member of the Bajo Bar- pone.0151661 real Formation of southern Chubut Province in -
Investigating Sexual Dimorphism in Ceratopsid Horncores
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2013-01-25 Investigating Sexual Dimorphism in Ceratopsid Horncores Borkovic, Benjamin Borkovic, B. (2013). Investigating Sexual Dimorphism in Ceratopsid Horncores (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/26635 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/498 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Investigating Sexual Dimorphism in Ceratopsid Horncores by Benjamin Borkovic A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES CALGARY, ALBERTA JANUARY, 2013 © Benjamin Borkovic 2013 Abstract Evidence for sexual dimorphism was investigated in the horncores of two ceratopsid dinosaurs, Triceratops and Centrosaurus apertus. A review of studies of sexual dimorphism in the vertebrate fossil record revealed methods that were selected for use in ceratopsids. Mountain goats, bison, and pronghorn were selected as exemplar taxa for a proof of principle study that tested the selected methods, and informed and guided the investigation of sexual dimorphism in dinosaurs. Skulls of these exemplar taxa were measured in museum collections, and methods of analysing morphological variation were tested for their ability to demonstrate sexual dimorphism in their horns and horncores. -
Upper Cretaceous Deposits in the Northwest of Saratov Region, Part 2: Problems of Chronostratigraphy and Regional Geological History A
ISSN 0869-5938, Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 2008, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 267–294. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2008. Original Russian Text © A.G. Olfer’ev, V.N. Beniamovski, V.S. Vishnevskaya, A.V. Ivanov, L.F. Kopaevich, M.N. Ovechkina, E.M. Pervushov, V.B. Sel’tser, E.M. Tesakova, V.M. Kharitonov, E.A. Shcherbinina, 2008, published in Stratigrafiya. Geologicheskaya Korrelyatsiya, 2008, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 47–74. Upper Cretaceous Deposits in the Northwest of Saratov Region, Part 2: Problems of Chronostratigraphy and Regional Geological History A. G. Olfer’eva, V. N. Beniamovskib, V. S. Vishnevskayab, A. V. Ivanovc, L. F. Kopaevichd, M. N. Ovechkinaa, E. M. Pervushovc, V. B. Sel’tserc, E. M. Tesakovad, V. M. Kharitonovc, and E. A. Shcherbininab a Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya ul. 123, Moscow, 117997 Russia b Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevskii per. 7, Moscow, 119017 Russia c Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya ul., 83, Saratov, 410012 Russia d Moscow State University, Vorob’evy Gory, Moscow, 119991 Russia Received November 7, 2006; in final form, March 21, 2007 Abstract—Problems of geochronological correlation are considered for the formations established in the study region with due account for data on the Mezino-Lapshinovka, Lokh and Teplovka sections studied earlier on the northwest of the Saratov region. New paleontological data are used to define more precisely stratigraphic ranges of some stratigraphic subdivisions, to consider correlation between standard and local zones established for different groups of fossils, and to suggest how the Upper Cretaceous regional scale of the East European platform can be improved. -
Lieberman 2001E.Pdf
news and views Another face in our family tree Daniel E. Lieberman The evolutionary history of humans is complex and unresolved. It now looks set to be thrown into further confusion by the discovery of another species and genus, dated to 3.5 million years ago. ntil a few years ago, the evolutionary history of our species was thought to be Ureasonably straightforward. Only three diverse groups of hominins — species more closely related to humans than to chim- panzees — were known, namely Australo- pithecus, Paranthropus and Homo, the genus to which humans belong. Of these, Paran- MUSEUMS OF KENYA NATIONAL thropus and Homo were presumed to have evolved between two and three million years ago1,2 from an early species in the genus Australopithecus, most likely A. afarensis, made famous by the fossil Lucy. But lately, confusion has been sown in the human evolutionary tree. The discovery of three new australopithecine species — A. anamensis3, A. garhi 4 and A. bahrelghazali5, in Kenya, Ethiopia and Chad, respectively — showed that genus to be more diverse and Figure 1 Two fossil skulls from early hominin species. Left, KNM-WT 40000. This newly discovered widespread than had been thought. Then fossil is described by Leakey et al.8. It is judged to represent a new species, Kenyanthropus platyops. there was the finding of another, as yet poorly Right, KNM-ER 1470. This skull was formerly attributed to Homo rudolfensis1, but might best be understood, genus of early hominin, Ardi- reassigned to the genus Kenyanthropus — the two skulls share many similarities, such as the flatness pithecus, which is dated to 4.4 million years of the face and the shape of the brow. -
Chapter6(PDF)
The University Museum The University of Tokyo Bulletin No. 47 KONSO-GARDULA RESEARCH PROJECT Volume 1 Paleontological Collections: Background and Fossil Aves, Cercopithecidae, and Suidae Edited by Gen Suwa, Yonas Beyene, and Berhane Asfaw ITY RS MU E S IV E U N M U U N I V O E Y R K SI O TY OF T 2014 TOKYO Editorial Board Yoshihiro Nishiaki (Editor-in-chief; Archaeology) Hiroshi Ikeda (Botany) Mari Kuroki (Marine Biology) Takenori Sasaki (Paleontology) Gen Suwa (Physical Anthropology) Eisei Tsurumi (Cultural Anthropology) Masaya Yago (Entomology) All communications pertaining to this Bulletin should be addressed to the Editorial Board, the University Museum, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Issued March 20, 2014 ISSN 0910-481 X © The University Museum, The University of Tokyo Printed by Akita Kappan Printing Co., Ltd. CONTENTS Acknowledgements Chapter 1. Introduction (Gen Suwa, Yonas Beyene, and Berhane Asfaw) 1 Chapter 2. The Konso Formation Paleontological Assemblages: Collecting and Documentation Methodologies (Gen Suwa, Hideo Nakaya, and Berhane Asfaw) 5 Chapter 3. Stratigraphic and Chronologic Context of the Konso Formation Paleontology (Shigehiro Katoh, Gen Suwa, Hideo Nakaya, and Yonas Beyene) 11 Chapter 4. Fossil Birds of the Konso Formation (Antoine Louchart) 25 Chapter 5. Fossil Cercopithecidae of the Konso Formation (Stephen R. Frost) 41 Chapter 6. Fossil Suidae of the Konso Formation (Gen Suwa, Antoine Souron, and Berhane Asfaw) 73 Appendix 1. Aves Referred Materials 89 Appendix 2. Cercopithecidae Referred Materials 91 Appendix 3. Suidae Referred Materials and Dental Metrics 97 Related Archival Materials: The KGA paleontological collection record plots (on file, available for viewing upon request) CHAPTER 6 Fossil Suidae of the Konso Formation Gen Suwa1, Antoine Souron2, and Berhane Asfaw3 1The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan. -
The Marine Fauna of New Zealand : Spirorbinae (Polychaeta : Serpulidae)
ISSN 0083-7903, 68 (Print) ISSN 2538-1016; 68 (Online) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand : Spirorbinae (Polychaeta : Serpulidae) by PETER J. VINE ANOGlf -1,. �" ii 'i ,;.1, J . --=--� • ��b, S�• 1 • New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 68 1977 The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Spirorbinae (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Frontispiece Spirorbinae on a piece of alga washed up on the New Zealand seashore. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ NEW ZEALAND DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Spirorbinae (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) by PETER J. VINE Department of Zoology, University College, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, UK and School of Biological Sciences, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Australia PERMANENT ADDRESS "Coe! na Mara", Faul, c/- Dr Casey, Clifden, County Galway, Ireland New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 68 1977 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Citation according to World list of Scientific Periodicals (4th edition: Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. 68 ISSN 0083-7903 Received for publication at NZOI January 1973 Edited by T. K. Crosby, Science InformationDivision, DSIR and R. -
Akoya Pearl Production from Hainan Province Is Less Than One Tonne (A
1.2 Overview of the cultured marine pearl industry 13 Xuwen, harvest approximately 9-10 tonnes of pearls annually; Akoya pearl production from Hainan Province is less than one tonne (A. Wang, pers. comm., 2007). China produced 5-6 tonnes of marketable cultured marine pearls in 1993 and this stimulated Japanese investment in Chinese pearl farms and pearl factories. Pearl processing is done either in Japan or in Japanese- supported pearl factories in China. The majority of the higher quality Chinese Akoya pearls are exported to Japan. Additionally, MOP from pearl shells is used in handicrafts and as an ingredient Pearl farm workers clean and sort nets used for pearl oyster culture on a floating pontoon in Li’an Bay, Hainan Island, China. in cosmetics, while oyster meat is sold at local markets. India and other countries India began Akoya pearl culture research at the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) at Tuticorin in 1972 and the first experimental round pearl production occurred in 1973. Although a number of farms have been established, particularly along the southeastern coast, commercial pearl farming has not become established on a large scale (Upare, 2001). Akoya pearls from India generally have a diameter of less than 5-6 mm (Mohamed et al., 2006; Kripa et al., 2007). Halong Bay in the Gulf of Tonking in Viet Nam has been famous for its natural pearls for many centuries (Strack, 2006). Since 1990, more than twenty companies have established Akoya pearl farms in Viet Nam and production exceeded 1 000 kg in 2001. Akoya pearl culture has also been investigated on the Atlantic coast of South America (Urban, 2000; Lodeiros et al., 2002), in Australia (O’Connor et al., 2003), Korea (Choi and Chang, 2003) and in the Arabian Gulf (Behzadi, Parivak and Roustaian, 1997). -
New Skulls of Kolpochoerus Phacochoeroides (Suidae: Mammalia) from the Late Pliocene of Ahl Al Oughlam, Morocco
New skulls of Kolpochoerus phacochoeroides (Suidae: Mammalia) from the late Pliocene of Ahl al Oughlam, Morocco Denis Geraads UPR 2147 du CNRS, 44 rue de l’Amiral Mouchez, 75014 PARIS, France E-mail: [email protected] Received 10 August 2004. Accepted 20 December 2004. The discovery of two male skulls of Kolpochoerus phacochoeroides from the late Pliocene of Ahl al Oughlam in Morocco, and the revision of the whole collection from this locality, allows us to extend the description of this North African form, to estimate its sexual dimor- phism and the extent of individual variation in a large isochronous sample, to reveal some ontogenic changes, and to confirm its distinc- tion as a species on its own, as its cranial proportions (large occipital, short snout) and tooth characters (lack of enamel on upper canines, reduced incisors and premolars, complicated third molars) set it clearly apart from the East and South African forms. A cladistic analysis shows that K. phacochoeroides and Hylochoerus are the terminal branches of the Kolpochoerus clade, which is the sister-group of Potamochoerus. Keywords: Africa, Pliocene, Pleistocene, Suidae, Mammalia, Kolpochoerus, cladistics. INTRODUCTION SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY The late Pliocene site of Ahl al Oughlam in Morocco has been excavated under the author’s leadership, as part of Genus Kolpochoerus van Hoepen & van Hoepen, 1932 the ‘Programme Casablanca’ of the Institut National des Mesochoerus Shaw & Cooke, 1941 Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine of Rabat. It is Omochoerus Arambourg, 1943 the richest fossil locality of the North African Neogene, Promesochoerus Leakey, 1967 with about 55 species of mammals (Raynal et al. -
Copyrighted Material
06_250317 part1-3.qxd 12/13/05 7:32 PM Page 15 Phylum Chordata Chordates are placed in the superphylum Deuterostomia. The possible rela- tionships of the chordates and deuterostomes to other metazoans are dis- cussed in Halanych (2004). He restricts the taxon of deuterostomes to the chordates and their proposed immediate sister group, a taxon comprising the hemichordates, echinoderms, and the wormlike Xenoturbella. The phylum Chordata has been used by most recent workers to encompass members of the subphyla Urochordata (tunicates or sea-squirts), Cephalochordata (lancelets), and Craniata (fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). The Cephalochordata and Craniata form a mono- phyletic group (e.g., Cameron et al., 2000; Halanych, 2004). Much disagree- ment exists concerning the interrelationships and classification of the Chordata, and the inclusion of the urochordates as sister to the cephalochor- dates and craniates is not as broadly held as the sister-group relationship of cephalochordates and craniates (Halanych, 2004). Many excitingCOPYRIGHTED fossil finds in recent years MATERIAL reveal what the first fishes may have looked like, and these finds push the fossil record of fishes back into the early Cambrian, far further back than previously known. There is still much difference of opinion on the phylogenetic position of these new Cambrian species, and many new discoveries and changes in early fish systematics may be expected over the next decade. As noted by Halanych (2004), D.-G. (D.) Shu and collaborators have discovered fossil ascidians (e.g., Cheungkongella), cephalochordate-like yunnanozoans (Haikouella and Yunnanozoon), and jaw- less craniates (Myllokunmingia, and its junior synonym Haikouichthys) over the 15 06_250317 part1-3.qxd 12/13/05 7:32 PM Page 16 16 Fishes of the World last few years that push the origins of these three major taxa at least into the Lower Cambrian (approximately 530–540 million years ago). -
A New Giant Basal Titanosaur Sauropod in the Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian) of the Neuquen Basin, Argentina
Cretaceous Research 100 (2019) 61e81 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cretaceous Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes A new giant basal titanosaur sauropod in the Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian) of the Neuquen Basin, Argentina * Leonardo S. Filippi a, , Leonardo Salgado b, c, Alberto C. Garrido d, e a Museo Municipal Argentino Urquiza, Jujuy y Chaco s/n, 8319 Rincon de los Sauces, Neuquen, Argentina b CONICET, Argentina c Instituto de Investigacion en Paleobiología y Geología, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro-Conicet, Av. Gral. J. A. Roca 1242, 8332 General Roca, Río Negro, Argentina d Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales “Profesor Dr. Juan A. Olsacher”, Direccion Provincial de Minería, Etcheluz y Ejercito Argentino, 8340 Zapala, Neuquen, Argentina e Departamento Geología y Petroleo, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquen 8300, provincia del Neuquen, Argentina article info abstract Article history: A new basal sauropod titanosaur, Kaijutitan maui gen. et sp. nov., is described. The holotype of this Received 21 November 2018 species, which comes from the Sierra Barrosa Formation (upper Coniacian, Upper Cretaceous), consists of Received in revised form cranial, axial, and appendicular elements presenting an unique combination of plesiomorphic and 3 February 2019 apomorphic characters. The most notable characteristic observed in Kaijutitan is the presence of anterior Accepted in revised form 9 March 2019 cervical vertebrae with bifid neural spines, a condition that would have evolved several times among Available online 28 March 2019 sauropods. The phylogenetic analysis places Kaijutitan as a basal titanosaur, the sister taxon of Epachthosaurus þ Eutitanosauria. The new species supports the coexistence, in the Late Cretaceous Keywords: Sauropoda (Turonian-Santonian), of basal titanosaurs and eutitanosaurian sauropods, at least in Patagonia.