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JCV 8 - February 2, 2002 round 3 Virginia Tech packet Tossups 1. It results from the enzymatic oxidation of phenolic compounds when cellular disruption allows enzyme and substrate molecules to react. It can be prevented or delayed by removing oxygen from the system, by chilling, by the use of various sulfur containing food additives and through the use of food acids such as ascorbic acid. FTP, name this scientific term for the browning commonly seen on the freshly exposed cut surfaces of foods such as peaches, potatoes, apples and bananas. Answer: Enzymatic Browning 2. A member of a wealthy and politically powerful family, he rose quickly in Philippine politics: mayor of Concepcion, vice-governor of Tarlac province, governor, secretary general of the Liberal party, and senator. He was assassinated while disembarking a plane upon his return to the Philippines from three years of self-imposed exile in the United States. FTP name this political opposition leader whose widow became President in 1986. Answer: Benigno Simeon Aquino 3. Its origins date back to around 1650BC as 'a solution to the problem on the Rhind Papyrus. Diophantus of Alexandria wrote the first treatise on it in the 3rd century AD. The term derives from the Arabic to literally mean "the reunion of broken parts." As well as its mathematical meaning, the word also means the surgical treatment of fractures. FTP, give this branch of mathematics that was brought from ancient Babylon, Egypt and India to Europe via Italy by the Arabs. Answer: Algebra 4. As the main character, a dance critic, is leaving the titular location for the last time, a fire breaks out in the warehouse where Y oko is watching a movie. Shinamura makes just three trips to the hot springs in two years, and Komako falls in love with him even though she realizes that their relationship will never extend beyond that of a geisha and her client. FTP, name this novel by Yasunari Kawabata. Answer: Snow Country (Yukigum) 5. The mathematical basis of this economics concept was given by William Stanley Jevons and Leon Walras. Due to his 1871 publication, Principles, Carl Menger and the Vienna School are more closely associated with this concept that can also be used to describe the law of demand. FTP name this concept which is defined as the additional satisfaction obtained by a consumer from consuming one more unit of a good or service. A: Marginal Utility 6. As the son of the noble family of Ephesus he held a sharp disdain towards the mass of mankind. Hence, it is no surprise that when the Persians conquered his homeland and installed a democratic government he retreated to his country estate and dedicated himself to his studies. For 10 points name this pre-Socratic philosopher, writer of "On Nature," who held that up and down are the same and everything is in constant turmoil. Answer: Heraclitus 7. It traces its begiImings to the enigmatic figure of Wallace D. Fard, known as "Prophet Fard," "The Great Mahdi," or "The Savior," who attracted 8,000 followers between his appearance in Detroit in 1930 and his disappearance in June 1934. The community, gained significant ground under Fard's successor, Elijah Muhammad. FTP, name this Black Nationalist organization currently led by Louis Farrakhan. Answer: Nation of Islam 8. This opera gives the story of a prince who must save a princess from the priest Sarastro. The princess Pamina and prince Tamino fall in love and have to prove their love through a series of trials in the Temple of Ordeal before they can be worthy of entering the Temple of Light to be wed. FTP identify this favorite Mozart Opera of the Salzburg Marionette Theatre, named for the title object given to Tamino by the Queen of the Night. A: The Magic Flute 9. The main character travels to California after graduating from Yale University to learn costume and set design. In Hollywood, he finds a group of misfits he finds appalling for their lives of monotony and boredom, and deems them, "an exact model for the kind of person who comes to California to die." FTP, name this character who meets Homer Simpson in The Day ofthe Locust. Answer: Tod Hackett 10. Born in Madrid, his family moved to the U.S. when he was nine. He despised idealism, and his materialist and Platonist system is described in the collection REALMS OF BEING. An accomplished writer and devoted Catholic, his best known novel describes the story of Oliver Alden in The Last Puritan. FTP give the name of this founder of skepticism whose works include The Life of Reason and Scepticism and Animal Faith. A: George Santayana 11. Sensitive to electromagnetic fields, in birds it contains magnetic material used for navigation. About the size of a grain of rice, Galen thought it was a valve to regulate the flow of thought from the lateral ventricles of the brain. Ancients referred to it as the third eye. FTP identify this gland which regulates the body clock by producing melatonin which Descartes thought was the home of the human soul. A: pineal gland 12. He attended University of Krakow, studied liberal arts at Bologna, medicine at Padua, and law at the University of Ferrara. He emerged from Ferrara in 1503 with the doctorate in canon law. Elected a canon of the church, he not only faithfully performed his ecclesiastical duties, but also practiced medicine, wrote a treatise on monetary reform, and turned his attention to a subject in which he had long been interested-astronomy. FTP, name this man, through the publication of his heliocentric theory 70 years later, became one of the seminal figures in the history of scientific thought. Answer: Nicolaus Copernicus 13. It began when the offer of Frederick II to support the new Habsburg ruler if she would cede a contested province was rejected. He then enlisted the support of France, Spain, Bavaria, and Saxony after a victory at Mollwitz. An armistice was achieved, but it only allowed Austria to regroup before fighting broke out again. After the Austrians seized Prague from the Bavarians, FTP, this war was finally ended when peace was achieved between Prussia and Maria Theresa of Austria with the Treaty of Berlin, and the handover of the contested province to Prussia. Answer: First Silesian War (prompt on War of the Austrian Succession) 14. Since taking his post in July, he has faced demands for a "living wage" for janitors and other low-paid employees and received criticism for a well-publicized row with Afro-American Studies professors Cornel West and Henry Louis Gates, Jr. FTP, name this man who replaced Neil Rudenstine as the President of Harvard University. Answer: Lawrence Summers 15. In 130, Ptolemy depicted a settlement there on a map under the name of Eblana. Vikings set up the first permanent town there with a name meaning "black pool" and established near modem day College Green their Thingmote, or Hill of assembly. FTP name this city on the river Liffey which, the home of Saint Patrick's Cathedral, James Joyce and Guinness. A: Dublin 16. He invented a submarine battery used in harbor defense and a submarine telegraph cable, though he came up with the idea for his most well known patent while noting the spinning ofthe wheel of a ship. He founded a company based in Paterson, N.J. to sell his new device, which failed until the U.S. government bought 1,000 pieces in 1847. FTP, name this man, whose second company is based out of Hartford, CT, who allowed men to shoot six times without reloading. Answer: Samuel Colt 17. This man offended the Greek Gods when he stole ambrosia fruit from them. His punishment in the Underworld was to stand in the pool of Tartarus where he could reach neither fruit nor water because the water would drain away every time he bent down to drink, and the fruit would rise every time he tried to reach it. FTP, name this man from whose name we get a word meaning, "to tempt." Answer: Tantalus 18. It was the first big hit for the magical team of Lerner and Loewe. Inspired by Germelshausen, a German story by Friedrich Gerstacker. The story revolves around two American tourists, Tommy Albright and Jeff Douglas, who stumble upon a misty little Scottish town. FTP, name this musical, in which this mysterious little town only reawakens for one day every hundred years. Answer: Brigadoon 19. Published in 1900, its author was paid only $209 for the initial release. Perhaps this was justified, as it took eight years to sell the first 600 copies. Primarily the product of self-analysis and a few case studies of hysterics, this seminal work in psychology went on to have eight editions in the author's lifetime. FTP identify this book which laid the foundation for modern psychotherapy through its analysis of wish fulfillment in the manifest and latent content of dreams written by Sigmund Freud. A: The Interpretation of Dreams 20. This novel follows the son of an Indian Brahmin who, inspired by Gandhi's abhorrence of caste, had married an Indian "backward." In an attempt to escape and to find himself, the son moves to London and falls in with the literary bohemians of the 1950's. There he meets and falls in love with Ana, a woman of mixed African background and they eventually move to a Portuguese colony in Africa. FTP name this novel about the life of Willie Chandran written by V.S. Naipul. A: Half a Life 21.

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