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A Case Study of Historical Residential Buildings

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A Case Study of Historical Residential Buildings USER-BASED ANALYSIS OF RE-FUNCTIONING OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: TWO CASES FROM KASHAN/IRAN A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY KEYVAN MASHHADI IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN ARCHITECTURE JUNE 2016 Approval of the thesis USER-BASED ANALYSIS OF RE-FUNCTIONING OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: TWO CASES FROM KASHAN/IRAN submitted by KEYVAN MASHHADI in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of science in Conservation of Cultural Heritage in Architecture Department, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Gülbin Dural Ünver Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. T. Elvan Altan Head of Department, Architecture Inst. Dr. Fuat Gökçe Supervisor, Conservation of Cultural Heritage, METU Examining Committee Members: Prof. Dr. Neriman Şahin Güçhan Conservation of Cultural Heritage, METU Inst. Dr. Fuat Gökçe Conservation of Cultural Heritage, METU Prof. Dr. Mualla Erkılıç Architecture, METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Güliz Bilgin Altınöz Conservation of Cultural Heritage., METU Assist. Prof. Dr. Müge Tunca Bahçeci Architecture, Başkent Üniversitesi Date: 26/06/2016 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Keyvan Mashhadi Signature: ABSTRACT USER-BASED ANALYSIS OF RE-FUNCTIONING OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: TWO CASES FROM KASHAN/IRAN Mashhadi, Keyvan M.S. in Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Department of Architecture Supervisor: Dr. Fuat Gökçe June 2016, 152 pages Mansions of central Iranian plateau share common definitions that encapsulates introversion architecture, extended family system, religious vista through life and extravagance comfort. This module has been continuing for several hundred years until the early days of 20th century modernism, when, by growth of population, and reformations in context of society, definitions and spirituality of traditional lifestyle and traditional family have been changed. Subsequently, so-called Iranian houses have gradually been outdated to the extent of being unused. The mansions that are occupied today by several organizations or individuals, are far away from their original purpose, and are being used under different functions. They are the only alive examples which demonstrate lifestyle, Iranian residential architecture, and carry intangible asset of houses of central Iranian plateau. This thesis aims to analyze and evaluate new functions of the mansion from users' point of view by surveying individuals who work in mansions or use them, and expert observations from conservation standards and spectra. Literal background and ideas, geographical features of the region, aspects and characteristics of Iranian houses, and concepts behind surveying will be discussed to emerge necessary material for theoretical assessment of successes and failures of re-functioning the residential heritages. It aims to browse how re-functioning helps to keep intangible value of Iranian houses alive? Keywords: Iranian houses, re-functioning, survey, residential heritage, user-based evaluation iii ÖZ USER-BASED ANALYSIS OF RE-FUNCTIONING OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: TWO CASES FROM KASHAN/IRAN Mashhadi, Keyvan Yüksek Lisans, Kültürel Mirası Koruma Anabilim dalı, Mimarlık Bölümü Tez Yöneticisi: Dr. Fuat Gökçe Haziran 2016, 152 sayfa İran platosundaki konaklar, içe dönük mimarisi, genişletilmiş aile sistemi, hayata dini bakış açısı ve aşırı komfor gibi ortak tanımları kapsar. Bu model bir kaç yüzyıl boyunca devam etmiş, 20. Yüzyılın modern anlayışı ile birlikte nüfusun artışı ve sosyal yapının değişmesiyle, geleneksel yaşam tarzı ve geleneksel aile yapısının tanımını ve maneviyatını değişmiştir. Sonrasında sözde İran evleri yavaş yavaş zaman aşımına uğrayarak kullanılmamaya başlamış, bugün ise bir kaç kurum yada şahıs tarafından orjinal amaçlarından ve işlevlerinden farklı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu konaklar İran platosu evlerinin somut olmayan değerlerinin, yaşam tarzının ve Iran konut mimarisinin günümüzde varlığını sürdüren tek örnekleridir. Bu tez çalışması konakların yeni işlevlerinin bu konaklarda çalışan veya yaşayan kişilerle saha çalışması yaparak ve koruma disiplini standartları ve uzman gözlemleri ile kullanıcıların bakış açısından analiz edilmesi ve değerlendirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Literatür taraması ve düşünceler, bölgenin coğrafi özellikleri, İran evlerinin görünüşü ve karakteristik özellikleri, saha çalışmasının arkasındaki kavramlar, bu konut mimarisi örneklerinin yeniden işlevlendirilmesindeki olumlu ve olumsuz uygulamaları belirlemek için gerekli olan teorik altyapıyı kurmak için tartışılacaktır. İran evlerinin somut olmayan değerlerinin korunmasını sağlayan bir yeniden işlevlendirme mi olduğunu belirlemeyi hedefler. Anahtar kelimeler: İran evleri, yeniden işlevlendirme, saha çalışması, konut mirası, kullanıcı temelli değerlendirme iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I owe a heavy debt of gratitude first of all to Dr. Fuat Gökçe for his all-the-time motivating, friendly and his knowledge and analyzing point of view which is a treasure. I also thank to Dr. A. Khoshnevis from Soure University in Tehran who delivered great ideas about the issue. To my wife, Nazli Milani, upon her efforts and experiences I came across the issue and her kind helps and support. All these thesis would not be materialized without help and collaboration of Manouchehri hotel and Ministry of Culture in Kashan. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………….………...……….iii ÖZ…………………………………………………………………………..……..………….iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS…………………………………………………….……....………v TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………...………..…vi TABLE OF FIGURES…………………………………………..………..……..………….viii CHAPTERS 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2. SCOOP OF THE STUDY ................................................................................................. 1 1.3. PROBLEM DEFINITION ................................................................................................ 2 1.4. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND .................................................................................. 3 1.5. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 4 1.5.1. TECHNICAL ATTRIBUTIONS ................................................................................... 4 1.5.2. FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTIONS ................................................................................ 5 1.5.3. BEHAVIORAL ATTRIBUTIONS. ............................................................................... 5 1.6. CONSTRAINS .................................................................................................................. 7 2: KASHAN AND KASHAN HOUSES ................................................................................. 9 2.1. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT KASHAN ........................................................... 9 2.2. HISTORY OF KASHAN ................................................................................................ 10 2.2.1. ANCIENT AND PRE-ISLAMIC PERIOD ................................................................. 10 2.2.2. ISLAMIC PERIOD ...................................................................................................... 11 2.2.3.MODERN DAYS .......................................................................................................... 13 2.3. CITY OF KASHAN, ITS LOCATION AND PHYCICAL ASPECTS .......................... 13 2.4. CLIMATE AND VAGATATION .................................................................................. 14 2.5. SOCIO-ECONOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................ 15 2.6. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSES OF KASHAN ................................... 17 3: CASE STUDY ................................................................................................................... 31 3.1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 31 3.2. THE MANSION OF MANOUCHEHRI ......................................................................... 32 vi 3.2.1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................................. 32 3.2.2. LOCATION ................................................................................................................. 33 3.2.3. ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES ............................................................................... 33 3.2.4. RESTORATION .......................................................................................................... 44 3.2.5. CURRENT FUNCTION OF THE MANSION ........................................................... 57 3.2.6. SURVEYING .............................................................................................................. 62 3.2.6.1. GENERAL QUESTIONS ......................................................................................... 62 3.2.6.2. FUNCTIONAL QUESTIONS .................................................................................
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