Crown of the Continent: Alaska's Wrangell-St

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Crown of the Continent: Alaska's Wrangell-St Crown of the Continent: Alaska's Wrangell-St. Elias page 1 Audio Description Script As Recorded Recording date: March 14, 2002 Describer: William V. Patterson Reviewed by: Margaret and Cody Pfanstiehl 01 :00:00:00 (Black screen. Title Appears.) White letters on black screen: "Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve presents." From the darkness, the sun begins to appear over distant mountain peaks. Rolling, cloud-like fog hovers above the wide river, the Copper River, in the foreground. Time-lapse photography hastens the bright sun's appearance and the tumbling movement of the misty fog. Sunshine glints on the water's gently flowing surface. Soon, jagged, snow-capped mountain peaks. Rapidly moving clouds. (On second fall.) From the wall of a calving glacier, towers of ice crash into the sea. 01 :00:58:00 (Cue to time-code and fading of crashing sound.) Now.snowshoe tracks trace a zipper-like pattern in deep snow. 01 :01 :11 :00 ("... continue their climb, ever higher, into the sky.") A single mountain climber slowly ascends a peak. Soon, a snow-covered volcano, white steam escaping its vent. 01 :01 :27:00 (" ... awaiting its next eruption.'? An aerial view of a craggy, mountain-like muddy brown glacier, partially covered with snow. 01 :01 :37:00 ("... grind their inexorable way to the sea.'? ., Crown of the Continent: Alaska's Wrangell-St. Elias page 2 Audio Description Script As Recorded Now, lush green vegetation. A large reddish-brown bear ambles from left to right. Then, a mountaintop with a brilliant blue sky. Outside a small yellow dome tent, one man standing, another seated. 01 :02:06:00 ("... the achitectonics ofthe planet itself are revealed.'} A wide view of the gorge, far below the tent. At ground level, green vegetation surrounds the meandering river. Now, we are flying close to a grayish-brown mountainside streaked with pale orange patches of earth. Then, fly over a snow-covered black ridge to view a vast white ice field surrounded by snow-capped mountain peaks. Black letters on the screen: Crown of the Continent-Alaska's Wrangell­ St. Elias. The screen fades to black; then to a snowy mountain panorama shown in a grainy, slightly unsteady picture. 01 :02:55:00 ("... carried along by my father's dream.'? Home movies of a man and three boys eating at a picnic table .. 01:03:10:00 ("... a dream for distant horizons.'? A black and yellow train, marked "Alaska Railroad," pulls into view. 01 :03:24:00 ("... found in old National Geographies.'? A hunter carrying a gun walks toward us. Now the hunter stands in a stream, dipping his hand to drink from the flowing water. A caribou gracefully climbs a slight incline. 01 :03:36:00 ("... Dad took our family north.'? Three boys walking and climbing on a glacier. Crown ofthe Continent: Alaska's Wrangell-St. Elias page 3 Audio Description Script As Recorded 01 :03:46:00 ("... were not without incident.') Driving past spruce trees and snow-capped mountains. 01 :03:54:00 (" ... on the Alaska Highway .. .') A car and trailer in a ditch. 01 :03:46:00 (" ... and camping under bridges and in ghost towns.') A rough log cabin. Then, three boys on a beach. 01 :04:44:00 (" ... an Alaska that surpasses all imagination.') The screen goes to black. Then, snow-covered ground and a man with skis with poles steadily climbing a slight incline. Now, three men on skis, trudging across a wide expanse of snow, leaving behind a yellow tent. Two tall mountain ridges in the background. 01 :05:49:00 ("... nine of the sixteen highest peaks in North America.') Mt. St. Elias in the distance, encircled by wispy clouds. 01 :06:00:00 ("... a single glacier larger than Rhode Island.') The Malaspina Glacier, a wide field of marbleized blue, gray and white. 01 :06:06:00 ("... an area the size of Connecticut.') Sheer, thin rocky ridges, vertical cliffs. Crown ofthe Continent: Alaska's Wrangell-St. Elias page 4 Audio Description Script As Recorded 01 :06:12:00 ("... the size of six Yellowstones. '? A valley of glaciers, carving rivers of ice. 01 :06:25:00 ("... larger than Switzerland-with higher mountains.') Pace descriptions to changing images on screen: A single engine plane takes off from a rocky beach and flies past a deep blue lake, backed by low, green hills and azure sky with soft white clouds. The plane flies over the crest of a snow-covered hill, a high sharp peak in the background. Now flying over a glacier field covered by a rough surface of white snow and ice. Flying through a deep, steep gorge of vertical rock, one side edged by tree-covered, terraced cliffs. Now over a verdant green forest of tall slender trees, a green clearing and small ponds of water silver in the sunlight. The tiny plane flies over a green valley backed by rugged, snow-laden mountains. Passing alongside the steep vertical face of a mountain, following the lazily turning path of a mottled, gray-brown glacier field. 01:08:18:00 ("... does not lend itself to meaningful comparisons.'? We are over a turquoise blue lake. Then, the brown, cratered surface of a glacier. 01 :08:37:00 (" ... where the vitality ofgeologic genesis is evety present.'? [pronounced "sir-acks"] Jutting, upright ridges of glacier material, "seracs," rising like huge, broken teeth of dirty ice from deep frozen chasms. Crown of the Continent: Alaska's Wrangell-St. Elias page 5 Audio Description Script As Recorded Pace description to changing image on screen: Now, peaks of mountain ranges rising like cresting waves. 01:09:18:00 ("... finally reaching the sands of a distant shore.'? A gentle tide breaking on the dark gravel shore of the intensely blue Pacific Ocean. Irregular chunks of white icebergs stand in shallow water and on the beach, some frozen into the curved shapes of crashing breakers. 01 :10:06:00 ('The St. Elias is the highest coastal range in the world.'? Storm clouds roiling over the mountains. 01 :10:16:00 (" ... hostage.') Dark storm clouds speeding overhead 01:10:36:00 (" ... deepening some of the world's heaviest snowpacks. '? Huge clouds rolling between craggy black mountain peaks. 01:10:50:00 ("A pellucid blue sky in the St. Elias Range is a rarity.') The screen fills with a steep slope of white snow. Three mountain climbers on skis with poles steadily ascend to a peak. Skis sliding on hard snow. Man in soft red jacket, wearing tinted glasses. He reaches the top of a snow-covered peak. PAUSE, BUT SPEAK BEFORE IMAGE ON SCREEN CHANGES: From an aerial view, we rise over a snow ridge to view a massive range of snowy mountains. Crown of the Continent: Alaska's Wrangell-St. Elias page 6 Audio Description Script As Recorded 01 :12:00:00 ("... in the last 2,000 years.') Sheer, vertical rock face of a mountain, gray, brown and blue. 01:12:08:00 ('What has carved these jagged peaks down from gigantic lava domes-is ice.') A small flowing blue stream. Now, six hikers walking on the gray-brown ice of a glacier field. 01 :12:22:00 ("This is the greatest concentration ofglaciers on the continent.'? Pace descriptions to changing images on screen: Six hikers walk in a valley of ice. Aerial views of bright blue glacier ponds surrounded by frozen white ice. Swirling dunes of mounded snow. The surface of a lake, half-covered by island-like patches of ice and snow, like a jigsaw puzzle. Two people in a kayak paddle, left to right, across a smooth glacial lake. Blue ice overhead melting into a pool below. Let sound "drip." The view from inside a blue and white ice cave as two people approach its mouth. Now, we fly over the surface of a glacial lake. 01:13:50:00 ("... fed by ceaseless winter snows, transform the landscape.'? A blue river flows through a deep green valley. Crown of the Continent: Alaska's Wrangell-St. Elias page 7 Audio Description Script As Recorded 01 :14:02:00 (" ... carve u-shaped valleys.'? A steep valley formed by brown earth that has tumbled down from the ridges on each side. 01 :14:22:00 (" ... in the braided brown rivers that flow down to the sea.'? Now we fly high over a flat area laced with rivers. Next, a small glacier nestled in the valley, high on a hilly ridge. Smooth sand, green vegetation in a valley far below. 01 :14:46:00 (" ... creeping up the slopes of moraines as the glaciers recede.'? Close-up of delicate, feathery white flowers. 01:15:00:00 (" ... creating soil other plants will need to gain a foothold.'? A willow with green leaves. A bee buzzes a catkins, a fuzzy, caterpillar­ like bud, then buzzes a fireweed stalk of bright pink blossoms. A green field with many of the pink fireweed flowers, tall spruces at the edge. 01:15:22:00 ("... so dense it hides the prodigious wildlife.'? A rich green, spruce forest surrounded by snowy mountains. Pace descriptions to changing images on screen: A spikey-quilled brown porcupine waddles along the forest's floor, sniffing plants. A black raven perched on a treetop flies into the bright blue sky. From the air, we look down on the spruce forest. A gray-white, great-horned owl on a tree limb turns to look at us. Crown of the Continent: Alaska's Wrangell-St. Elias page 8 Audio Description Script As Recorded Sunset. Mist rising from a pond, surrounded by silhouetted spruces. A reddish-brown beaver gliding through the still water.
Recommended publications
  • 49°S, 69°E) Between 1963 and 2006 Etienne Berthier, Raymond Le Bris, Laure Mabileau, L
    Ice wastage on the Kerguelen Islands (49°S, 69°E) between 1963 and 2006 Etienne Berthier, Raymond Le Bris, Laure Mabileau, L. Testut, Frédérique Rémy To cite this version: Etienne Berthier, Raymond Le Bris, Laure Mabileau, L. Testut, Frédérique Rémy. Ice wastage on the Kerguelen Islands (49°S, 69°E) between 1963 and 2006. Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union, 2009, 114, pp.F03005. 10.1029/2008JF001192. hal-00406745 HAL Id: hal-00406745 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00406745 Submitted on 23 Jul 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Ice wastage on the Kerguelen Islands (49°S, 69°E) between 1963 and 2006. Berthier E. 1*, Le Bris R. 2, Mabileau L. 1, Testut L. 3 & Rémy F. 1 1 LEGOS, CNRS, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, CEDEX 9, France. 2 Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. 3 Université de Toulouse; UPS (OMP-PCA); LEGOS; 14 Av. Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. * corresponding author [email protected] Citation : Berthier, E., Le Bris, R., Mabileau, L., Testut, L., & Rémy, F.
    [Show full text]
  • State of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Climate System Paul Andrew Mayewski University of Maine, [email protected]
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Earth Science Faculty Scholarship Earth Sciences 1-2009 State of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Climate System Paul Andrew Mayewski University of Maine, [email protected] M. P. Meredith C. P. Summerhayes J. Turner A. Worby See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/ers_facpub Part of the Climate Commons, Glaciology Commons, Hydrology Commons, and the Meteorology Commons Repository Citation Mayewski, Paul Andrew; Meredith, M. P.; Summerhayes, C. P.; Turner, J.; Worby, A.; Barrett, P. J.; Casassa, G.; Bertler, Nancy; Bracegirdle, T.; Naveira Garabato, A. C.; Bromwich, D.; Campbell, H.; Hamilton, Gordon S.; Lyons, W. B.; Maasch, Kirk A.; Aoki, S.; Xiao, C.; and van Ommen, Tas, "State of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Climate System" (2009). Earth Science Faculty Scholarship. 272. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/ers_facpub/272 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Earth Science Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Paul Andrew Mayewski, M. P. Meredith, C. P. Summerhayes, J. Turner, A. Worby, P. J. Barrett, G. Casassa, Nancy Bertler, T. Bracegirdle, A. C. Naveira Garabato, D. Bromwich, H. Campbell, Gordon S. Hamilton, W. B. Lyons, Kirk A. Maasch, S. Aoki, C. Xiao, and Tas van Ommen This article is available at DigitalCommons@UMaine: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/ers_facpub/272 STATE OF THE ANTARCTIC AND SOUTHERN OCEAN CLIMATE SYSTEM P.
    [Show full text]
  • CHANGES in HEARD ISLAND GLACIERS, KING PENGUINS and Furby SEALS G
    Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, Volume 133(2), 2000 47 CHANGES IN HEARD ISLAND GLACIERS, KING PENGUINS AND FURby SEALS G. M. Budd SINCE 1947 (with two tables, three text-figures and one plate) BUDD, G.M., 2000 (30:vi): Changes in Heard Island glaciers, king penguins and fur seals since 1947. In Banks M.R. & Brown, M.]. (Eds): HEARD ISLAND Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. 133 (2): 47-60. https://doi.org/10.26749/rstpp.133.2.47 ISSN 0080-4703. School of Exercise and RS. Sport Science, The University of Sydney, PO Box 170, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia 2141. The purpose of this paper is to summarise and discuss the changes in glaciers, king penguins and fur seals reported by the nine wintering parties and 11 summer expeditions that have visited Heard Island since 1947, with emphasis upon those of the years between 1947 and 1971. These early years were notable for an initial period (1947-55) of minimal change, and a subsequent period(1963-71) of rapid change in which a complex pattern of asynchronous glacier retreat and readvance was observed and the main features of the island's recolonisation by king penguins and fur seals were established. Subsequent expeditions (1980-93) have reported continuing glacier recession, evidently in response to warmer air temperatures, and a continuing exponential increase in king penguins and fur seals. The glacier observations show that the Heard Island glaciers are sensitive indicators of climate change in the Southern Ocean, and of the interactions between climate and glacier topography. The island's recolonisation by king penguins and fur seals is attributed mainly to an improved food supply which may itself, like the glacier recession, be a response to changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation.
    [Show full text]
  • Glaciers on Heard Island
    2016 Heard Island Expedition Project Description Definition TITLE MACROSCOPIC INCLUSIONS IN RETREATING GLACIERS ON HEARD ISLAND Abstract The termini, margins, and immediate vicinity of selected glaciers on Heard Island will be examined for macroscopic inclusions. Significant items exposed due to retreat of the glacier will be documented and collected for laboratory analysis. Principal Investigator Fred Belton Cordell Expeditions Co-Investigator Robert Schmieder Cordell Expeditions Co-Investigator Gavin Marshall Tangaroa Blue Foundation Co-Investigator William Mitchell Cordell Expeditions Co-Investigator Grahame Budd University of Sydney Co-Investigator Nezamoddin Nezamoddini-Kachouie Florida Institute of Technology Co-Investigator Onsite team members Cordell Expeditions Context Background Besides the episodic volcanic activity of Big Ben, perhaps the most obvious dynamic process occurring on Heard Island is the retreat of the glaciers. The extraordinarily high rates of retreat, especially of the Stephenson Glacier (up to 100 m/y), are among the highest in the world. The following map shows historical changes between 1947 and 2009. There is, however, evidence that retreat since 2009 has continued, and even accelerated. Source: Lucieer, et al. 2009. Kiernan and McConnell (2002) provide the following: Rates of both glacier retreat and melt-lake enlargement have increased by about one order 2016 Heard Island Expedition Project GLACIERS Updated 1/12/2016 4:18 PM Page 1 of 16 of magnitude during the last two decades. Precise ice-volume loss cannot presently be calculated, but about 30% of the cross-sectional area of the terminal zone of Stephenson Glacier above sea level has vanished in the past three decades. That accelerated melting of older ice-cored moraines is contributing so significantly to melt-lake expansion rather than it being the product solely of glacier recession perhaps emphasizes the significance of temperature increases in causing environmental change on Heard Island.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychrophiles
    EA41CH05-Cavicchioli ARI 30 April 2013 11:9 Psychrophiles Khawar S. Siddiqui,1 Timothy J. Williams,1 David Wilkins,1 Sheree Yau,1 Michelle A. Allen,1 Mark V. Brown,1,2 Federico M. Lauro,1 and Ricardo Cavicchioli1 1School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences and 2Evolution and Ecology Research Center, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2013. 41:87–115 Keywords First published online as a Review in Advance on microbial cold adaptation, cold-active enzymes, metagenomics, microbial February 14, 2013 diversity, Antarctica The Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences is online at earth.annualreviews.org Abstract This article’s doi: Psychrophilic (cold-adapted) microorganisms make a major contribution 10.1146/annurev-earth-040610-133514 to Earth’s biomass and perform critical roles in global biogeochemical cy- Copyright c 2013 by Annual Reviews. cles. The vast extent and environmental diversity of Earth’s cold biosphere All rights reserved has selected for equally diverse microbial assemblages that can include ar- Access provided by University of Nevada - Reno on 05/25/15. For personal use only. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2013.41:87-115. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org chaea, bacteria, eucarya, and viruses. Underpinning the important ecological roles of psychrophiles are exquisite mechanisms of physiological adaptation. Evolution has also selected for cold-active traits at the level of molecular adaptation, and enzymes from psychrophiles are characterized by specific structural, functional, and stability properties. These characteristics of en- zymes from psychrophiles not only manifest in efficient low-temperature activity, but also result in a flexible protein structure that enables biocatalysis in nonaqueous solvents.
    [Show full text]
  • HEARD ISLAND Proposed Field Camp Locations for Science Expedition 2003-04
    HEARD ISLAND Proposed field camp locations for Science Expedition 2003-04 Red Island Sydney Cove Magnet Point Red Island Charles Carrol Bluff Cape The Sentinel Cartwright Team A-4 (2) LAURENS Anzac Peak Mt Dixon PENINSULA Vanhoffen Bluff Atlas Roads AZORELLA Saddle Point Cape Bidlingmaier Mt Olsen Mechanics PENINSULA Bay Atlas Sealers G il Atlas Cove Corner Corinthian Bay Downes ch ri Cove Glacier st West Bay Ealey B West Cape ea Challenger Glacier ch The Nullarbor Baudissin Glacier Mary Melbourne Glacier Nares Powell Bluff Cave Bay Glacier Glacier Streeter Bluff Kildalkey Compton Head Schmidt Glacier Lagoon F a ir c h i ld South West G s B s o e N t e s a o r r l r th e t s c Bay W t e h e G y e i s u r t i r r C b B t Compton o b B a rn n u Vahsel ic e u Glacier Round Brown e y n B B t B t Glacier u r a y h Hill t e t Lagoon t n r h r n e s t o s n o is r s s r ll e a a A ci N er Team C (3) a H i Cape l C lac G c G Gazert wn M Mt. Separation ro B S k ua B Davis e Dome ac tress h Allison But BIG Scarlet Team A-1 (4) & support (5) Hill idge g R Team B & D (8) th BEN on Tr mi L Stephenson B yp Spit ots e ot bb r S ac Point A cie Mawson Peak tep Lagoon h la hen Spit Oil Barrel Point Spit Bay G Budd Peak son it Gla Bay Sp cier G e ra n Scholes Lagoon h i t am R lephan idge a E Henderson Bluff r o e M g T d s i e S r R m e o u v h d p c t o a d l h e e B D u B s er B B a al u rr Se t ie t r r W Smith Bluff Doppler Hill ier e in ac s st l s on Paddick d G G Cape Pillar Lie lac Valley Rayner ier Team A-2 (3) Rib Winston Lagoon Oatt Rocks r ie c la G Team A-3 (3) y Capsize e Cape Arkona tl o Beach G Deacock Cape Lockyer Exile Rock Glacier Franklin Rock Fiftyone Dillon Glacier Hill Wakefield Reef Long Beach Lambeth Bluff Manning Long Lagoon Lavett Bluff Beach Cape Labuan Produced by the Australian Antarctic Data Centre, 0 1 2 4 6 8 Australian Antarctic Division, Km Department of the Environment and Heritage, July 2003 © Commonwealth of Australia Map No.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Communities of Aquatic Environments on Heard Island Characterized by Pyrotag Sequencing and Environmental Data
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Microbial communities of aquatic environments on Heard Island characterized by pyrotag Received: 11 August 2016 Accepted: 09 February 2017 sequencing and environmental Published: 14 March 2017 data Michelle A. Allen & Ricardo Cavicchioli Heard Island in the Southern Ocean is a biological hotspot that is suffering the effects of climate change. Significant glacier retreat has generated proglacial lagoons, some of which are open to the ocean. We used pyrotag sequencing of SSU rRNA genes and environmental data to characterize microorganisms from two pools adjacent to animal breeding areas, two glacial lagoons and Atlas Cove (marine site). The more abundant taxa included Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, ciliates and picoflagellates (e.g.Micromonas ), and relatively few Archaea. Seal Pool, which is rich in organic matter, was characterized by a heterotrophic degradative community, while the less eutrophic Atlas Pool had more eucaryotic primary producers. Brown Lagoon, with the lowest nutrient levels, had Eucarya and Bacteria predicted to be oligotrophs, possess small cell sizes, and have the ability to metabolize organic matter. The marine influence on Winston Lagoon was evident by its salinity and the abundance of marine-like Gammaproteobacteria, while also lacking typical marine eucaryotes indicating the system was still functioning as a distinct niche. This is the first microbiology study of Heard Island and revealed that communities are distinct at each location and heavily influenced by local environmental factors. Heard Island (53°05′S, 73°30′E) is a 367 km2 volcanic island located ~4350 km southwest of Western Australia on the Kerguelen Plateau1. Surrounded by cold Antarctic waters and located south of the Antarctic Polar Front, it experiences strong and persistent westerly winds, low seasonal and daily temperature ranges, and high precipita- tion2.
    [Show full text]
  • Stage 5: Environmental Change Tundra Investigative Study
    STAGE 5: ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE TUNDRA INVESTIGATIVE STUDY Louise Swanson, GTA NSW & ACT NOTE: This is a condensed and adapted version of the original article in Edition 51, Vol 3, 2019. For information on environmental management see the original article. Arctic tundra FloridaStock/Shutterstock Source: https://theconversation.com/polar-bear-invasion-how-climate-change-is-making-human-wildlife-conflicts-worse-111654 This is a comparative study between Heard Island and McDonald Islands Reserve and World Heritage Site, (Australian Territory) and Churchill Wildlife Management Area, (Canada). “Tundras are among the world’s coldest, harshest biomes, with extreme temperatures and low rainfall. But these environments are far from invulnerable, displaying sensitivity to human disruptions and climate change.” Tundra environments SOURCE A: Comparative locations Tundra refers to treeless regions found at high latitudes (Arctic and Antarctic circles) and altitudes (mountains), where the climate is cold and windy, and rainfall is low. Tundra is covered with snow for much of the year and the ground permanently frozen, only thawing in summer and bursting to life with wildflowers and wildlife. A range of biophysical processes are essential to the functioning of tundra environments. These processes occur within and between the four interconnected spheres of the environment – lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. Churchill (Canada) and Heard and McDonald Islands (Australia) are separated by over 110 degrees of latitude. Heard and McDonald Islands are located at approximately 53oS and 73oE. Subantarctic places are located in the Southern Hemisphere, just north of the Antarctic Circle. Churchill Wildlife Management Area is located at approximately 58oN and 93oW. Subarctic places places are located in the Northern Hemisphere which is just south of the Arctic Circle.
    [Show full text]
  • Part 3—Descriptions of Alaska's 14 Glacierized Geographic Regions
    Part 3—Descriptions of Alaska’s 14 Glacierized Geographic Regions Introduction As stated in the introduction to this volume, the primary purpose of this compilation is to provide a baseline that summarizes the areal extent and geographic distribution of Alaskan glaciers during the decade marking the advent of the Landsat series of satellites. The first satellite in the series, ERTS–1 (later renamed Landsat 1), was launched on 23 July 1972. By 2004, there had been seven satellites in the series; six successfully reached orbit and became operational for varying lengths of time. It is hoped that this base- line will be used now and by future researchers to document change in the number, length, and area of Alaska’s glaciers. Because of the large geographic area involved, Alaska has been divided into 14 glacierized regions: Coast Mountains Alexander Archipelago St. Elias Mountains Chugach Mountains Kenai Mountains Kodiak Island Aleutian Range Aleutian Islands Wrangell Mountains Talkeetna Mountains Alaska Range Wood River Mountains Kigluaik Mountains Brooks Range Landsat MSS imagery collected between 1972 and 1983 has been used to define 14 glacierized geographic regions in Alaska. Each geographic region is treated separately. Oblique and vertical aerial and ground photographs acquired during the period of the baseline and baseline-contemporary field observations are used to supplement the information derived from analysis of remotely sensed data. Of particular value are the high-altitude false-color infrared vertical aerial photographs of Alaska’s glaciers acquired by a NASA U–2 aircraft between 1978 and 1986. Many of the AHAP photographs are used as figures throughout or cited in the text.
    [Show full text]
  • Glacial Response to Global Climate Changes: Cosmogenic Nuclide Chronologies from High and Low Latitudes
    Research Collection Doctoral Thesis Glacial response to global climate changes Cosmogenic nuclide chronologies from high and low latitudes Author(s): Strasky, Stefan Publication Date: 2008 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-005666191 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library Glacial response to global climate changes: cosmogenic nuclide chronologies from high and low latitudes Stefan Strasky Diss. ETH No. 17569 2008 DISS. ETH NO. 17569 GLACIAL RESPONSE TO GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGES: COSMOGENIC NUCLIDE CHRONOLOGIES FROM HIGH AND LOW LATITUDES A dissertation submitted to ETH ZURICH for the degree of Doctor of Sciences presented by STEFAN STRASKY dipl. Erdw. BENEFRI, University of Bern born 10.02.1976 citizen of Schwändi GL accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. Rainer Wieler, ETH Zurich, examiner Prof. Dr. Christian Schlüchter, University of Bern, co-examiner Prof. Dr. Carlo Baroni, University of Pisa, co-examiner Dr. Samuel Niedermann, GFZ-Potsdam, co-examiner Prof. Dr. Sean Willett, ETH Zurich, co-examiner 2008 Front cover Campbell glacier tongue flowing into the Ross Sea, Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica. Horizontal width of the picture is ~5 km. Back cover Impressions from fieldwork in Tibet, Antarctica and Europe. From top to down: (1) Landscape in the Shaluli Mountains (view north from Chuanxi Plateau), Tibet. (2) Terminal moraine and tongue basin of the Cuo Ji Gang Wa palaeoglacier, Chuanxi Plateau, Tibet. (3) Large erratic boulder (sample BROW3; ~250 m3). In the back- ground are Boomerang glacier and Mt.
    [Show full text]
  • State of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Climate System
    Click Here for Full Article STATE OF THE ANTARCTIC AND SOUTHERN OCEAN CLIMATE SYSTEM P. A. Mayewski,1 M. P. Meredith,2 C. P. Summerhayes,3 J. Turner,2 A. Worby,4 P. J. Barrett,5 G. Casassa,6 N. A. N. Bertler,1,5 T. Bracegirdle,2 A. C. Naveira Garabato,7 D. Bromwich,8 H. Campbell,2 G. S. Hamilton,1 W. B. Lyons,8 K. A. Maasch,1 S. Aoki,9 C. Xiao,10,11 and Tas van Ommen4 Received 14 June 2007; revised 11 April 2008; accepted 15 August 2008; published 30 January 2009. [ 1 ] This paper reviews developments in our change events recorded in both hemispheres is critical to understanding of the state of the Antarctic and Southern predicting the impact and timing of future abrupt climate Ocean climate and its relation to the global climate system change events potentially forced by anthropogenic changes over the last few millennia. Climate over this and earlier in greenhouse gases and aerosols. Special attention is periods has not been stable, as evidenced by the given to the climate of the past 200 years, which was occurrence of abrupt changes in atmospheric circulation recorded by a network of recently available shallow firn and temperature recorded in Antarctic ice core proxies for cores, and to that of the past 50 years, which was past climate. Two of the most prominent abrupt climate monitored by the continuous instrumental record. change events are characterized by intensification of the Significant regional climate changes have taken place in circumpolar westerlies (also known as the Southern the Antarctic during the past 50 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Antarctic Magazine — Issue 7
    HEARD ISLAND in focus 7 Spring 2004 CONTENTS SIMON GOLDSWORTHY The Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), an FEATURE Heard Island in focus 1 agency of the Department of the Environment and Heritage, leads Australia’s Antarctic Planning for contingencies 4 program and seeks to advance Australia’s Who eats whom around Heard Island 6 Antarctic interests in pursuit of its vision of having ‘Antarctica valued, protected Operation King Penguin 8 and understood’. It does this by managing Australian government activity in Antarctica, Glacial retreat heralds climate change in Antarctica 9 providing transport and logistic support Vegetation mapping 10 to Australia’s Antarctic research program, maintaining four permanent Australian A new plant on Heard Island 12 research stations, and conducting scientifi c HIMI Management Plan update 13 research programs both on land and in the Southern Ocean. Ecological risks to Heard Island assessed 14 Australia’s four Antarctic goals Expedition kit 14 • To maintain the Antarctic Treaty System and Protecting Heard Island’s environment 15 enhance Australia’s infl uence in it • To protect the Antarctic environment Weathering the furious fi fties 15 • To understand the role of Antarctica in the Three Islands Study 16 global climate system • To undertake scientifi c work of practical, Response of Heard Island plants to global warming 17 economic and national signifi cance Heard Island: a history of exploration 18 Australian Antarctic Magazine seeks to Reconstructing the lives of Heard Island’s sealers 19 inform the Australian and international Antarctic community about the activities of Contamination at Atlas Cove Station 20 the Australian Antarctic program. Opinions Heard Island seabird survey 21 expressed in Australian Antarctic Magazine do not necessarily represent the position of the Bringing Heard Island to the world 22 Australian Government.
    [Show full text]