DOCSLIB.ORG

University Microrilnns International

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sect to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For any illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and tipped into your xerographic copy. Requests can be made to our Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases we have filmed the best available copy. University Microrilnns International 300 N /HFB HOAD, ANN ARBOR, Ml 3B100 1K BFDFORD ROW, LONDON WC1R ■IflJ, ( NOLAND 791597!. FORMAN, MICHAEL ALAN SPECIFICITY OF IRRATIONAL ATTITUDE PATTERNS IN PSYCHOPHYS10LOG1CAL DISORDERS: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, PH.D., 1979 University M icrofilm s International •TOO N / 1 I H H O A O . A N N A H U O H . Ml '1HKM. @ Copyright hy Michael Alan Forman 1979 SPECIFICITY OF IRRATIONAL ATTITUDE PATTERNS IN PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Michael Alan Forman, A.B., M.S. The Ohio State University 1979 Approved By Reading Committee: Donald J. Tosi Herman J. Peters Peter H. Gwynne adviser Department of Counselor Edfucation ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Create ideas with humility knowing that behind the idea he calls his own are thoughts and efforts of many men. -- W. A. Peterson I wish to express my indebtedness to all the physicians and their associates who cooperated in this venture, while special thanks are extended to Dr. David R. Rudy, Director of the Riverside Family Practice Center, whose generous assistance in this research endeavor was appreciated. I am grateful for the support of my academic advisor, Dr. Donald J. Tosi, whose wit and guidance has inspired me to believe in myself and to persevere in the face of difficulties. Special thanks goes out to Keith Widaman for hio invaluable statistical consultation; to my friend and colleague, Dr. Dennis Eshbaugh, for his encouragement and enumerable clarifying comments; to Judy Boggs who spent many long hours typing this manuscript. I would also like to thank the many cooperative patients suffering from psychosomatic disorders. Without their participation and interest, the study would not have been possible and I hope this investigation will be helpful to them. I am grateful to all those who have helped, but my deepest appreciation goes to my family for their investment in me. To my parents, Bernard and Lois Forman; grandparents, Henry and Birdie Faye Raff; to my parents-in-laws, William and Dea Brandon and Maurice and Magda Waldman; and of course my wife, Debi, whose patience and love helped to make it all worthwhile. iii VITA August 16, 1952. Born - Chicago, Illinois 1972 .............. Medical Researcher, Pox River Hospital, Chicago, Illinois 1973-1974.......... Psychiatric Team Worker, London Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois 1974 .............. A.B., Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington 1975 .............. Counselor, University Middle School, Practicum, Indiana University, Bloomington 1975 .............. M.S., Counseling and Guidance, Indiana University, Bloomington 1975 ........ Program Consultant, Council for Retarded Citizens, Columbus, Ohio 1975-197 9 .......... Psychological Intern, Dr. Henry Samuels, Riverside Psychological Services, Columbus, Ohio 1976-197 9 .......... Psychological Intern, Community Agency for Labor and Management, Columbus, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Counselor Education Studies in Counselor Education. Professor Donald J. Tosi Studies in Counselor Education. Professor Herman J. Peters Studies in Psychiatry. Professor Peter H. Gwynne, iv Vita - continued Studies in Developmental Psychology. Professor Henry Leland Studies in Clinical/Counseling Psychology. Professor Harold J. Pepinsky v TABLE OP CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................. ii VITA. ................................... iv LIST OP TABLES................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES................................. x Chapter I. Introduction ............................. 1 Need For The Study..................... 4 Purpose Of The Study................... 8 Hypotheses...................... 8 Limitations Of The Study.............. 9 Definitions Of Terms................ 11 II. Review Of The Literature................. 14 Historical Remarks: The Mind-Body Problem. .............. 14 Psychogenesis ...... ............ 20 Cardiovascular System - Migraine Headache .......o...... 29 Classification. ......... 29 Pathophysiology.............. 32 Personality Attributes.......... 34 Musculoskeletal System - Psychogenic Low Back Pain. .......... 46 Classification and Pathophysiology.............. 46 Personality Attributes.......... 50 Gastrointestinal System - Duodenal Ulcer............................... 66 Classification and Pathophysiology.............. 66 Personality Attributes.......... 69 vi. Page III. M e t h o d .................................... 82 Selection Of The Instrument.......... 82 Selection Of The Sample ........ 85 Procedure . .............. 89 Statistical Analysis. ................ 91 Research D e s i g n .................... 92 Summary ................ 93 IV. Analysis Of The D a t a ..................... 95 Factor Analysis ..................... 95 Analysis Of Variance.......... 100 V. Summary, Conclusions And Recommendations . 117 Summary 117 Discussion And Implications ...... 121 Recommendations ............ ..... 126 APPENDIXES A. Summary Of Conversation Held With The Patients........................... 135 B. Cover Letter/Consent Form................. 137 C. Personal Data Questionnaire. ............. 138 D. Common Beliefs Survey III. ......... 140 E. Common Beliefs Survey III: Parcel And Factor Membership Of Items. .... 144 LIST OF REFERENCES............................... 149 -ii LIST OP TABLES Table Page 1. Relations Between Stimuli, Persons, and Responses, Described in Different Languages.......................... 22 2. Sample Characteristics .......... 87 3. Univariate F-Tests of Groups Main Effect for CBS III Factors ..... ... 101 4. Mean Scores for Ss Performance on Factor V of the CBS III. ......... 102 5. Univariate F-Tests for the Combined Psychosomatic Groups Versus the Medical Control Group on Six Dependent Factors . 103 6. Results of Duncans New Multiple Range Test on all Ordered Pairs of Means for Factor I I I .................. 105 7. Results of Duncans New Multiple Range Test on all Ordered Pairs of Means for Factor V .............. 105 8. Univariate F-Tests of Groups Main Effects for Age and Socioeconomic Status . 107 9. Mean Age For Groups................ 107 10. Mean Socioeconomic Status for Groups . 107 11. Results of Duncans New Multiple Range Test on all Ordered Pairs of Means for Age............ 108 12. Results of Duncans New Multiple Range Test on all Ordered Pairs of Means for Socioeconomic Status ................ 109 viii Table Page 13. Correlation Matrix For 18 Parceled Variables. ........ .............. 111 14. Varimax Loadings of 18 Item-Parcels on 6 Factors .................... , . 114 15. Promax Loadings of 18 Item-Parcels on 6 Factors .................... , . 115 16. Interfactor Correlation Matrix ...... 116 ix LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1 Scree Test For Factors............ 97 x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION "It is more important to know what sort of person has a disease than to know what sort of disease a person has." Hippocrates apparent overstatement is actually quite profound. Once again, the patient as a human being with worries, fears, hopes, despairs, as an individual whole and not merely the bearer of organs - of a diseased liver or stomach - is becoming the legitimate object of medical interest (Alexander, 1950). From a historical perspective, this renewed psychological interest is nothing more than a revival of old philisophic views in a new and scientific form. Psychosomatic medicine once again has been emerging in the past few decades from the dichotomous fallacies based on Cartesian dualism between the mind and the body into a fertile
Recommended publications
  • How to Prevent the Malignant Progression of Bipolar Disorder Robert M

    How to Prevent the Malignant Progression of Bipolar Disorder Robert M

    Braz J Psychiatry. 2020 Sep-Oct;42(5):552-557 doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0874 Brazilian Psychiatric Association 00000000-0002-7316-1185 SPECIAL ARTICLE How to prevent the malignant progression of bipolar disorder Robert M. Post0000-0000-0000-0000 Bipolar Collaborative Network, School of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, USA. There is increasing recognition that, in a high percentage of cases, bipolar disorder is a progressive illness. Multiple types of sensitization (or increased reactivity to repetition of the same stimulus) drive illness progression. One of the clearest is that of episode sensitization, where increased numbers of prior episodes are associated with: faster recurrences; more dysfunction; disability; social, educa- tional, and employment deficits; suicide; medical comorbidities; cognitive dysfunction; and an increased incidence of dementia in old age. Repetition of stressors and bouts of substance abuse can also result in sensitization. Each type of sensitization appears to have an epigenetic basis, such that preventing sensitization should minimize the accumulation of adverse epigenetic chemical marks on DNA, histones, and microRNA. New data emphasize the importance of early, consistent intervention after an initial manic episode. The cognitive dysfunction associated with a first episode improves only if there are no further episode recurrences during the next year. A randomized study has also shown that comprehensive multimodal prophylactic intervention for 2 years leads to improvements in illness course
  • The Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

    The Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

    biomedicines Review Mental Health in Childhood and Adolescence: The Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Paola Bozzatello, Cecilia Blua, Paola Rocca and Silvio Bellino * Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; [email protected] (P.B.); [email protected] (C.B.); [email protected] (P.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-011-6634848; Fax: +39-011-673473 Abstract: There is increasing awareness of the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for optimal brain development and function. In recent decades, researchers have confirmed the central role of PUFAs in a variety of patho-physiological processes. These agents modulate the mechanisms of brain cell signalling including the dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways. Therefore, nutri- tional insufficiencies of PUFAs may have adverse effects on brain development and developmental outcomes. The role of n-3 PUFAs has been studied in several psychiatric disorders in adulthood: schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders, eating disorders, substance use disorder, and borderline personality disorder. In contrast to the great number of studies conducted in adults, there are only limited data on the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation in children and adolescents who suffer from mental disorders or show a high risk of developing psychiatric disorders. The aim of this review is to provide a complete and updated account of the available evidence of the impact of polyunsaturated fatty acids on develop- mental psychopathology in children and adolescents and the effect of fatty acid supplementation during developmental milestones, particularly in high-risk populations of children with minimal but Citation: Bozzatello, P.; Blua, C.; detectable signs or symptoms of mental disorders.
  • The Clinical Presentation of Psychotic Disorders Bob Boland MD Slide 1

    The Clinical Presentation of Psychotic Disorders Bob Boland MD Slide 1

    The Clinical Presentation of Psychotic Disorders Bob Boland MD Slide 1 Psychotic Disorders Slide 2 As with all the disorders, it is preferable to pick Archetype one “archetypal” disorder for the category of • Schizophrenia disorder, understand it well, and then know the others as they compare. For the psychotic disorders, the diagnosis we will concentrate on will be Schizophrenia. Slide 3 A good way to organize discussions of Phenomenology phenomenology is by using the same structure • The mental status exam as the mental status examination. – Appearance –Mood – Thought – Cognition – Judgment and Insight Clinical Presentation of Psychotic Disorders. Slide 4 Motor disturbances include disorders of Appearance mobility, activity and volition. Catatonic – Motor disturbances • Catatonia stupor is a state in which patients are •Stereotypy • Mannerisms immobile, mute, yet conscious. They exhibit – Behavioral problems •Hygiene waxy flexibility, or assumption of bizarre • Social functioning – “Soft signs” postures as most dramatic example. Catatonic excitement is uncontrolled and aimless motor activity. It is important to differentiate from substance-induced movement disorders, such as extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia. Slide 5 Disorders of behavior may involve Appearance deterioration of social functioning-- social • Behavioral Problems • Social functioning withdrawal, self neglect, neglect of • Other – Ex. Neuro soft signs environment (deterioration of housing, etc.), or socially inappropriate behaviors (talking to themselves in
  • Definition a Migraine Is a Common Type of Headache That May Occur

    Definition a Migraine Is a Common Type of Headache That May Occur

    Definition A migraine is a common type of headache that may occur with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light. In many people, a throbbing pain is felt only on one side of the head. Some people who get migraines have warning symptoms, called an aura, before the actual headache begins. An aura is a group of symptoms, usually vision disturbances, that serve as a warning sign that a bad headache is coming. Most people, however, do not have such warning signs. See also: • Migraine without aura (no warning symptoms) • Migraine with aura (visual disturbances before the headache starts) • Mixed tension migraine (features of both migraines and tension headache) Alternative Names Headache - migraine Causes, incidence, and risk factors A lot of people get migraines -- about 11 out of 100. The headaches tend to start between the ages of 10 and 46 and may run in families. Migraines occur more often in women than men. Pregnancy may reduce the number of migraines attacks. At least 60 percent of women with a history of migraines have fewer such headaches during the last two trimesters of pregnancy. Until the 1980s, scientists believed that migraines were due to changes in blood vessels within the brain. Today, most believe the attack actually begins in the brain itself, and involves various nerve pathways and chemicals in the brain. A migraine attack can be triggered by stress, food, environmental changes, or some other factor. However, the exact chain of events remains unclear. Migraine attacks may be triggered by: • Allergic reactions
  • Eye Pain: a Neurologic Perspective - Primary Headache Disorders

    Eye Pain: a Neurologic Perspective - Primary Headache Disorders

    Title: Eye Pain: A neurologic perspective - Primary headache disorders Learning Objectives: 1. The learner will be able to differentiate primary from secondary headache disorders 2. The learner will accurately diagnose migraine as opposed to other painful disorders that cause eye pain 3. The learner will learn to differentiate the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias 4. The learner will gain a more intimate knowledge of the International Classification of Headache Disorders system CME Questions: 1. Which of the following must be present to make a diagnosis of migraine without aura? a. Unilateral location b. Throbbing c. Moderate or severe in intensity d. Nausea or light and sound sensitivity 2. Which of the following are allowed in the definition of tension type headache: a. Nausea b. Aura c. Photophobia d. Chemosis 3. Which of the following is not included in the category of “Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgia” a. SUNCT b. Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania c. Hemicrania continua d. Idiopathic stabbing headache 4. Unilateral eye pain associated with tearing and redness of the eye lasting 20 seconds and dissipating only to reoccur dozens of times a day is consistent with which of the following primary headache disorders? a. SUNCT b. Paroxysmal hemicrania c. Idiopathic stabbing headache d. Cluster headache Keywords (Max 5): 1. Migraine 2. Tension type headache 3. Cluster headache 4. Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias 5. Headache history Introduction/Abstract: Headache is one of the most common disorders presenting to the physicians office. Epidemiologic studies show that in a given year, the majority of people within the United States will have headache, and approximately 5% will seek medical attention.
  • Abnormal Movements in First-Episode, Nonaffective Psychosis: Dyskinesias, Stereotypies, and Catatonic- Like Signs M

    Abnormal Movements in First-Episode, Nonaffective Psychosis: Dyskinesias, Stereotypies, and Catatonic- Like Signs M

    Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine Journal Articles Academic Works 2015 Abnormal movements in first-episode, nonaffective psychosis: Dyskinesias, stereotypies, and catatonic- like signs M. T. Compton Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine F. Fantes C. R. Wan S. Johnson E. F. Walker Follow this and additional works at: https://academicworks.medicine.hofstra.edu/articles Part of the Psychiatry Commons Recommended Citation Compton MT, Fantes F, Wan C, Johnson S, Walker E. Abnormal movements in first-episode, nonaffective psychosis: Dyskinesias, stereotypies, and catatonic-like signs. 2015 Jan 01; 226(1):Article 806 [ p.]. Available from: https://academicworks.medicine.hofstra.edu/articles/806. Free full text article. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine Academic Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine Academic Works. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Psychiatry Manuscript Author Res. Author Manuscript manuscript; Author available in PMC 2016 July 01. Published in final edited form as: Psychiatry Res. 2015 March 30; 226(1): 192–197. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.048. Abnormal movements in first-episode, nonaffective psychosis: dyskinesias, stereotypies, and catatonic-like signs Michael T. Compton, M.D., M.P.H.1,2,†, Francisco Fantes, M.D., M.Sc.3, Claire Ramsay Wan, M.P.H.4, Stephanie Johnson, M.A.5, and Elaine F. Walker, Ph.D.6 1 Lenox Hill Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA. 2 Hofstra North Shore– LIJ School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Department of Psychiatry, Hempstead, NY, USA.
  • Headache and Comorbidities in Childhood and Adolescence Headache

    Headache and Comorbidities in Childhood and Adolescence Headache

    Headache Series Editor: Paolo Martelletti Vincenzo Guidetti Marco A. Arruda Aynur Ozge Editors Headache and Comorbidities in Childhood and Adolescence Headache Series Editor Paolo Martelletti Roma, Italy [email protected] The purpose of this Series, endorsed by the European Headache Federation (EHF), is to describe in detail all aspects of headache disorders that are of importance in primary care and the hospital setting, including pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, comorbidities, and issues in particular patient groups. A key feature of the Series is its multidisciplinary approach, and it will have wide appeal to internists, rheumatologists, neurologists, pain doctors, general practitioners, primary care givers, and pediatricians. Readers will find that the Series assists not only in understanding, recognizing, and treating the primary headache disorders, but also in identifying the potentially dangerous underlying causes of secondary headache disorders and avoiding mismanagement and overuse of medications for acute headache, which are major risk factors for disease aggravation. Each volume is designed to meet the needs of both more experienced professionals and medical students, residents, and trainees. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11801 [email protected] Vincenzo Guidetti • Marco A. Arruda Aynur Ozge Editors Headache and Comorbidities in Childhood and Adolescence [email protected] Editors Vincenzo Guidetti Marco A. Arruda Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry University of São Paulo Sapienza University Neuropsychiatry, Glia Institute Rome Ribeirão Preto Italy Brazil Aynur Ozge Neurology, Algology and Clinical Neurophysiology Mersin University School of Medicine Mersin, Adana Turkey ISSN 2197-652X ISSN 2197-6538 (electronic) Headache ISBN 978-3-319-54725-1 ISBN 978-3-319-54726-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-54726-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017947346 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright.
  • Pediatric Headaches in Clinical Practice

    Pediatric Headaches in Clinical Practice

    Pediatric Headaches in Clinical Practice Pediatric Headaches in Clinical Practice Andrew D. Hershey, Scott W. Powers, Paul Winner and Marielle A. Kabbouche © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-51273-9 Pediatric Headaches in Clinical Practice Andrew D. Hershey, MD, PhD, FAHS Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA Scott W. Powers, PhD, ABPP, FAHS Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Professor of Pediatrics Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH, USA Paul Winner, DO, FAAN, FAAP, FAHS Palm Beach Neurology, West Palm Beach, FL, Clinical Professor of Neurology Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL USA Marielle A. Kabbouche, MD Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA This edition first published 2009, # 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Wiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley & Sons, formed by the merger of Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing. Registered office: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Other Editorial Offices: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
  • Addiction and Autism

    Addiction and Autism

    lism and D ho ru o g lc D A e p f e o Journal of n l Wijngaarden-Cremers et al., J Alcohol Drug Depend 2014, 2:4 d a e n r n c u e o DOI: 10.4172/2329-6488.1000170 J ISSN: 2329-6488 Alcoholism & Drug Dependence Research Article Article OpenOpen Access Access Addiction and Autism: A Remarkable Comorbidity? Patricia JM van Wijngaarden-Cremers1,2*, Wim Van den Brink MD3 and Rutger Jan van der Gaag2 1Dimence Mental Health – Deventer, The Netherlands 2Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen–Karakter University Centre Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, The Netherlands 3Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam (AMC) & Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research (ARIAR), The Netherlands Abstract Objective Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are well known for high prevalence’s of comorbid conditions especially anxiety, obsessions, depression and challenging behaviours. In this article we will consider the evidence for an eventual comorbidity between ASD and Addiction (Substance Use Disorders (SUD) and explore the possible underlying explanations. Methods A literature study on similarities between Addiction and ASD (at a phenotypical and neurobiological level) as well as a case note review on a year cohort of 200 consecutive admissions in an adult addiction psychiatry unit was studied here. Results In our pilot-survey 8 (men) on 118 patients were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. This is substantially higher than in the general population (1%) but in line with other European studies. Autism spectrum disorders and addiction can both be perceived as developmental disorders in which a genetic predisposition and vulnerability interact with environmental factors. They can be induced by early stress thus affecting the proper functioning of the cortico-striatal dopaminergic regulation systems (and also the HPA axis).
  • The Clinical Approach to Movement Disorders Wilson F

    The Clinical Approach to Movement Disorders Wilson F

    REVIEWS The clinical approach to movement disorders Wilson F. Abdo, Bart P. C. van de Warrenburg, David J. Burn, Niall P. Quinn and Bastiaan R. Bloem Abstract | Movement disorders are commonly encountered in the clinic. In this Review, aimed at trainees and general neurologists, we provide a practical step-by-step approach to help clinicians in their ‘pattern recognition’ of movement disorders, as part of a process that ultimately leads to the diagnosis. The key to success is establishing the phenomenology of the clinical syndrome, which is determined from the specific combination of the dominant movement disorder, other abnormal movements in patients presenting with a mixed movement disorder, and a set of associated neurological and non-neurological abnormalities. Definition of the clinical syndrome in this manner should, in turn, result in a differential diagnosis. Sometimes, simple pattern recognition will suffice and lead directly to the diagnosis, but often ancillary investigations, guided by the dominant movement disorder, are required. We illustrate this diagnostic process for the most common types of movement disorder, namely, akinetic –rigid syndromes and the various types of hyperkinetic disorders (myoclonus, chorea, tics, dystonia and tremor). Abdo, W. F. et al. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 6, 29–37 (2010); doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.196 1 Continuing Medical Education online 85 years. The prevalence of essential tremor—the most common form of tremor—is 4% in people aged over This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance 40 years, increasing to 14% in people over 65 years of with the Essential Areas and policies of the Accreditation Council age.2,3 The prevalence of tics in school-age children and for Continuing Medical Education through the joint sponsorship of 4 MedscapeCME and Nature Publishing Group.
  • Migraine S25 (1)

    Migraine S25 (1)

    MIGRAINE S25 (1) Migraine Last updated: May 8, 2019 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ................................................................................................................................. 1 EPIDEMIOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................ 4 CLINICAL FEATURES ............................................................................................................................... 5 FEMALE ASPECTS .................................................................................................................................. 9 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR MIGRAINE ................................................................................................ 10 CLINICAL SUBTYPES ............................................................................................................................ 10 Complicated migraine .................................................................................................................... 10 Basilar migraine ............................................................................................................................. 10 Confusional migraine ..................................................................................................................... 11 Hemiplegic migraine ...................................................................................................................... 11 Ophthalmoplegic migraine ............................................................................................................
  • Wo 2008/011483 A2

    Wo 2008/011483 A2

    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (43) International Publication Date PCT (10) International Publication Number 24 January 2008 (24.01.2008) WO 2008/011483 A2 (51) International Patent Classification: Not classified (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, (21) International Application Number: AT,AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, PCT/US2007/073813 CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, (22) International Filing Date: 18 July 2007 (18.07.2007) IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, (25) Filing Language: English MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, SV, SY, (26) Publication Language: English TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW (30) Priority Data: 60/807,799 19 July 2006 (19.07.2006) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): ALLER- GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, GAN, INC. [US/US]; 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, CA ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), 92612 (US).