A**~Ttt^(El F "T Ki&* Wo-Ucj

t l^a 1_*

Hopkins, G. M. Surveys and Plats of Properties In The City of Washington, District of Columbia Printed in Philadelphia,Pa. 1887 Map Section Library Of Congress Stoddard St., [sic] (Stoddert) - Q Street iB\ ITI 1m1LJUis\-wdo . \ I + I ILI1

0e ju

West St. - P Street

Katharine

%_ a

$ KATHERINE KNOX

GEORGETOWN - Burial was held today at Union Cemetery for Katherine Knox, a descendant of the McCook family and a distinguished art historian, author and Washington hostess. Mrs. Knox died in her Georgetown home July 9 after a lengthy illness. She was 93. A memorial service will be held in the President's Chapel of the National Presbyterian Church . 4 p.m. July 17. Mrs. Knox, the daughter of Brig. Gen. Anson G. and Hettie BeaL-v McCook, was the author of the book, "The Sharpies - Their Portraits of George Washington and his Contemporles." For more than 40 years, she organized, chaired and acted as consultant for such exhibitions as the Corcoran Gallery's George Washington Bicentennial Commission's Exhibition of Portraits, the Corcoran's Loan Exhibition of Singers of the Declaration of Independence, the Smithsonian's Profiles of the Times of James Madison and the cataloging of White House art during the Hoover administration. Among her other accomplishments was getting Post- master General Arthur Summerfield to make a commemora- tive postage stamp of the "Beardless Lincoln," painted by George Healy in 1960, for the Lincoln Sesquicen- tennial. And he did. Awarded the Lincoln Medallion by the Lincoln Sesqui- centennial Commission in 1960, she received the Cor- coran's Medal of Merit six years later. Mrs. Knox took an active part in Republican politics. She was a vice chairman of the D.C. Republican Committee, a program chairman for the League of Republican Women, and an alternate delegate to the Republican National Convention. Her Georgetown home was often a gathering place of congressional and governmental figures. She held membership in the Pittsburgh Golf Club, Chase Club, the Sulgrace, Capitol Hill, the City Tavern Association and New York's Colony Club. Surviving are her daughter, Mrs. Richard (Kathleen) Smith of Noank, Conn.; two grandchildren; and three grandchildren. Steubenville Herald Star July 14, 1983 Surprise Personalities In Georgetown, D. C Copyright © 1958 by Katharine McCook Knox

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 58-59553

Printed by W. Lynnwood Cook: Service Printing Company, Washington, D. C.

Published by the author: 1958

Second Printing February 14, 1959

Printed in the United States of America

50 Cents INTRODUCTORY MEMORANDUM In the winter of 1958 Mr. William E. Shepherd, President of the Georgetown Citizens Association formed a Fine Arts Commit- tee to function for his Association. He appointed Mr. John Walker, Director of the National Gallery of Art, as Chairman. I was invited to become a member of that committee and I accepted. The first assignment I was given had to do with the twin brick house or houses on P Street (3033 - 3035) which, rumor had it, was (were) threatened with demolition. The Progressive Citizens Association of Georgetown (to which I also belong) had gone on record as wishing to save the above mentioned building, and thus I was able to start my study with the hope that my findings might be of historical value to the Georgetown com- munity as a whole. Not as soon as I had hoped, but as soon as I found it possible, I visited the house, which certainly on first view, presented a doleful appearance. All around it were active evidences and sounds of ripping and tearing and putting up new edifices and laying out new pavements. The solid earth touching upon its cellar had partially been dug away, and all I could think of was a suffering dental patient of giant proportions - so dismal, dark and huge did the gap appear. The whir and grind of ma- chinery added reality to my discomforting imagination. Weeds and vines near the front porch formed a veritable tanglewood. A door was wide open and the piazza steps looked safe, so, I used them and stepped inside the hall. All furniture had been removed except a bookshelf or two with some woe-begone vol- umes in pitiful array. A wide straight shaft of sunlight showed me to the old stairway, and then seemed to guide me around to windows and fireplaces where the woodwork was simple but good. I walked upstairs, in fact I wandered everywhere and I gradually and quietly began to absorb from the atmosphere a nice feeling. I did not hurry; I did not want to, but even if I had wanted to, I think that something would have detained me. No wonder some happy ghost was with me that day, for when, in the following months I terminated my research, I had come across nothing but real appreciation of this house as a home lived in by Mr. and Mrs. Charles Lanman and their bright young Japanese ward Umeko Tsuda. Also in No. 3033 where lived Mrs. Patten, high ideals had similarly prevailed. My attitude is one of liking for the former 120 West Street, and attachment to the memory of the Lanmans and Ume Tsuda. I am not an architect, builder or interior decorator and therefore my opinion may have little weight. I still think, however that with careful and thoughtful, albeit costly restoration, P Street would be enhanced by the preservation of this unadorned old dwelling and furthermore that some family would be fortunate to live in such a house permeated by happy and distinguished memories. K. McC. K. written on October 2nd. 1958 POSTCRIPT This beautiful autumn morning I passed by P Street. No. 3035 was entirely demolished. A few piles of rubble and brick were mere vestiges of the early 19th. Century building. No. 3033 was almost down. Two walls, only, were standing like battered and weary sentinels. and by sunset I presume they will be gone for- ever. K. McC. K. written on October 24th. 1958 o;^ 48ga) O

4 r- -

Qceg

*D Q Qo

~ H

3c 1 ^"* C CZ M500o 8 0 u

c ) ° o .

Byn (< ''*

C4 cdS S^.d E-Oo 0 ®0 . Surprise Personalities In Georgetown, D. C. To this writer has been given the pleasant task of bringing out in the light of today some of the truly important people and events connected with the twin brick houses (built circa 1810), 3033 and 3035 P Street, N. W., Washington 7, D. C. During the Eighteen-seventies the house now numbered 3035 was list- ed in the Directories as 120 West Street, Georgetown. The P Street location has recently become the hub of a real estate development which has necessitated the razing of certain old houses in order that new ones may be built. A petition to save the above mentioned P Street houses was circulated and over two hundred signatures were obtained. Both the Georgetown Cit- izens Association and the Progressive Citizens Association of Georgetown are in accord on this particular effort of preservation. In the winter of 1958 Colonel W. E. Shepherd, President of the Georgetown Citizens Association appointed a Fine Arts and Historic Buildings Committee to function for his Association. Mr. John Walker, Di- rector of the National Gallery of Art, was made the chairman. I was asked to serve as a member of the committee and I accepted. Although I have had innumerable fascinating experiences in research, I have never had one with more surprise elements. Also, I never before had one where I did not have to travel for considerable distances by motor, railroad or boat, but in the quest for this material my physical activities were compactly bounded as follows: North, by the Peabody Room in the Georgetown Public Library; South, by the Corcoran Gallery of Art; East, by the Library of Congress and its Annex; and West, by my own house in Georgetown where at the end of a hectic day I could study in my own library. Let no one think, however, that I did not burn up taxicab and street car mileage. I rushed hither and thither, sometimes reminding myself of one of those erratic water-flies darting forward, backward and across in the swirl of a summer stream. On the other hand, this research has carried me, in flights of imagination, farther afield than ever before. Over the reaches of the Pacific to Japan and back to San Francisco. speeding through the plains to Salt Lake

-I - Mr. and Mrs. Charles Lanman and their house 120 West Street, Georgetown, D. C. (3035 P Street) Photographs courtesy of "Biography of Umeko Tsuda" written in Japanese by Riichi Yoshikawa.

Mrs. Lanman was Adeline Dodge the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Francis Dodge. Mr. Dodge built the houses and gave them to his daughter as a wedding gift, to live in one and rent the other, which is what she did. Note the white painted picket fence the same as in photograph facing page one and the brick and stone wall the same as in photograph on page six. City, Chicago and into the heart and center of Washington, D. C. and the quaint lazy streets of Georgetown, down to a wharf on the bank of the Potomac and a ship setting sail to the West Indies. Through the New England states peopled by Daniel Webster, Longfellow, Whittier and Wil- liam Cullen Bryant, through New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Maryland and Michigan; to Washington Irving's "Sunnyside" on the Hudson, and Charles Dickens' house in England; Bryn Mawr College on the Main Line and Tsuda College in Tokyo, and then at the end to two quiet graves, one in Oak Hill Cemetery, Georgetown and the other in Kitatama-gun in dis- tant Japan. Between all this comes the inevitable flash of ideals, struggles, dis- appointments and successes in the lives of the principal characters. As an introduction to the main topic nothing can be better than to quote the following letter, and after that I will attempt to outline the personalities of Mr. and Mrs. Lanman, Miss Umeko Tsuda and others whose fine example has made a lasting impression on communities in this country and the Orient.

Office of the President Tsuda College Kodaira-Machi, Kitatama-gun Tokyo, Japan

May 9, 1958 Mrs. McCook Knox 3259 N Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. U. S. A.

Dear Mrs. Knox: Miss Michi Nakamura, a member of our staff, has heard from Mrs. Kazuko Omori that you are making great efforts for the preservation of Mr. Lanman's house where Miss Tsuda was brought up and educated under the tender care of Mr. and Mrs. Lanman. I would like to add some lines to what you must already know of Miss Tsuda's marvelous achievements. Her inestimable merits as a leader of women's higher education in Japan are amply proved by the fact that the school which she founded in 1900 has been recognized by the government and the public at large as one of the best women's colleges with the highest academic standing. It is flourishing as a four-year degree-granting college with two major departments, English and mathematics. Under separate cover I am sending you a copy of the "Information and Catalogue in brief" in English so that you will see something of what Tsuda College stands for. The alumnae of the college, the number of which is over 4000, are held in high estimation in various fields of activity. They are

-3- Photograpb in the Peabody Room, Georgetown }le Iibrarv, B Street at "Wisconsinr~ On the original photograph froxed )h was made, is typed and rtten in ink the following: Mr C ,tary to and Biographer of })anlel Webster, Mrs L anmanand sRster Miss Ex ly Dotd D,Taken in the back yard of he Lanman residence, 3035 P Strec , D. C, harle Dikens and Wash lgtonIrving were entertained here. WebstNer wa kt visiteor Data furnished by ie late Charles Lanman died 1895 DMrs. LanmS scattered not only all over Japan but in the world, as you may read in my little article "Alumnae Abroad" in the Bulletin No. 2 edited by the students. Their services are deeply appreciated wherever they may be located. While she was busy founding and consolidating her school for higher education of women she spared no pains in working for the cause of betterment of women's status and welfare. In fact she was the first president of the Y.W.C.A. in Japan. Needless to say she promoted projects of international character and en- couraged her students to become world-minded and serve in the cause of international understanding and friendship. Tn short, as a pioneer of women's higher education, as one who has spanned a solid bridge across the East and the West, Miss Tsuda's con- tribution to Japan and the international world is inestimable. It is no wonder that she was decorated with the Fifth Order of Merit and the Order of the Sacred Treasure. You will see how very grateful we are for the kind and generous help of the Americans who enabled Miss Tsuda to become such a great woman, especially to Mr. and Mrs. Lanman without whose whole-hearted solicitude for the well-being and happiness of Miss Tsuda in her formative years, Tsuda College would not have ex- isted in Japan. I do hope their house in which Miss Tsuda started to have such a far-reaching dream will be preserved as a memorial of what one nation can contribute to the enlightenment and betterment of another. With deep gratitude to you for your interest in Tsuda College and best wishes,

Yours sincerely, (signed) Yoshi Kasuya President, Tsuda College P. S. Please use any picture included in "Miss Tsuda's Life."

Charles Lanman, born in Monroe, Michigan June 14, 1819 was one of nine children of Charles James Lanman, an emigrant lawyer and his wife Marie Jeanne Guie, a French woman with American-Indian blood in her veins. Charles Lanman's grandfather was U. S. Senator James Lanman of Connecticut, who entered his grandson in Plymouth Academy, Norwich, Connecticut. However, at sixteen years of age the boy sought work in New York City and for ten years was employed in an East India mercantile house. Stemming from this connection was his opportunity to see Charles Dickens and Washington Irving when the former was on his first visit to the United States. In later life this is what Lanman recalls, "... In the winter of 1842 a great dinner was given to Mr. Dickens by his admirers at the old 'City Hotel.' I was a mere Pearl Street clerk, but through the kindness of certain friends the honor was granted to me of taking a look from a side door at the august array of gifted authors before they were summoned to the sumptuous table."

-s- 4'

0 b co B1 13 cd o bi)^ 8Os

+S 0

0 0 4"-3bL 8X| §O03 -

0 gce i>, Cdbi)

.a3b { cd 4§£ oc3d O S)Q 4..) ~oUq

bS g § §

M- U O- O^

o4-_ C4a od 0 03*

-6- The spirit of adventure was always strong in Lanman and from his youth to his last years he spent his vacations in exploring wild re- gions. Several of these in the east have since become famous resorts. True to his part-Indian heritage he became an expert in handling a canoe, being one of the earliest white men to introduce it as a pleasure craft. He wrote extensively on the subject of his travels and also busied himself sketching the woodland scenes. With Asher B. Durand of "The Hudson River School" he studied painting, and although he has been termed an amateur artist he was elected an Associate of the National Academy of Design. In 1845 he travelled back to Michigan and for a while was editor of the Monroe Gazette, then headed eastward, was on the staff of the Cincin- nati, Ohio Chronicle and returning to New York he wrote for the Express. In 1849 he was appointed Librarian to the War Department and that same year married Miss Adeline Dodge, one of the children of Fran- cis Dodge, a transplanted New Englander, who became one of Georgetown's most successful merchants and West Indian traders. (It was he who built the twin brick houses on West Street, now 3033 and 3035 P Street, and it was in the latter that Mr. and Mrs. Charles Lanman lived for many years, and it was there they died.) In 1850 Lanman became secretary to Daniel Webster and two years later Harper Brothers published his The Private Life of Daniel Webster. Although having had the reputation for hardihood on his frequently dangerous excursions, Lanman at the age of 42 took no part in the fighting when the Civil War broke out. The following quotation is illuminating. Years after the cessation of hostilities Lanman had a friendly interview with George B. McClellan whom he admired. "The General asked me why I was not numbered among the de- fenders of my Country-__- I brought a smile to his face by this reply-: that I had served as a prisoner of war for three hours, when Secretary Stanton had me arrested because I happened to be an occasional Washington correspondent for the good old Journal of Commerce of New York, and caused my release when he found out that I had not printed any unpatriotic opinions. Another remark that I made to the General was as follows: That when the business of recruiting was at its height I had a dream in which I had shouldered a musket and joined his forces in Vir- ginia, and that on entering a battle I threw down my gun and ran toward the rear like a deer; whereupon I became convinced that I could never do anything in that line to save my country. His comment on my confession was that warriors were not made of such material as I represented myself to be." Lanman held many responsible positions in Washington and met many people of renown. He was Librarian of the Interior Department and of the

-7- 0

s) 4)

so a -s

<: 1

OLO2(a

4) In

to)

.. 0 co

it ag°

ta} House of the Representatives. He was bitterly disappointed when he was not made Librarian to the Library of Congress and it is said of him that he vowed he would never set foot in it again. (The Library was, at that time, in the Capitol.) However, this writer is glad to say that there is a collection of Charles Lanman's letters in the Manuscript Division of the present magnificent Library of Congress, and that three of his books are in the Rare Book Room. In 1871 Lanman was appointed Secretary to the Japanese Leg* ation, in 1885 Assistant Assessor of the District of Columbia, and in 1888 Librarian of the Washington City Library. Accounts differ as to the quan- tity of books from his pen, some list him as having written 36, some 25. Among the best known were A Tour of the River Saguenay (1848); Ad- ventures in the Wilds of America published in London in 1854 and two years later in Philadelphia. His Dictionary of the U. S. Congress (1859) was, contrary to his expectations taken over by the Government (as a Gov- ernment document), and much. to his chagrin Lanman was unsuccessful in contesting this action which deprived him of his expected $1.00 a copy. Washington Irving characterized Charles Lanman as "the Picturesque Explorer of the West". In a charming account " A Day with Washington Irving" published in the December 31st, 1859 edition of an English magazine Once a Week, Lanman writes:

"Washington Irving had been the lion of the metropolis [Washington, D. C. in 18531 for more than a week, and it had been my rare good fortune to see much of him---- My official position in the Department of State had made it my duty to treat him with attention there. I met him also in company, and had a long talk with him in my quiet little library; and was his guide and companion in a visit to Arlington. Hardly had our carriage ceased rattling over the stony streets and reached the Long Bridge across the Potomac before his conversation became so interesting that I involuntarily seized my notebook-..-- "Speaking to Mr. Irving of a headache with which I was suffering, he remarked, that was a thing he'had never experienced_- when questioned as to his manner of writing, Mr. Irving gave me the following particulars; he usually wrote with great rapidity. Some of the most popular passages in his books were written with the greatest ease, and the more uninteresting ones were those which had cost him the most trouble._He never allowed a thing to go to press, however, without writing it or overlooking it a second time; he was always careful about that. Several of the papers in the Sketch Book were written before breakfast; in, especially 'The Wife' --___At no period of his life had he ever attempted to make a grand sentence; his chief object had been to utter his thoughts in the fewest possible words, as simple and plain as language would allow--- The only poetry he had ever attempted was 'Lines to the Passaic'-__ which he said never should have been published, for in his opinion they were very poor stuff, very poor stuff indeed."

-9- Charcoal and chalk drawing from life by Eastman Johnson December 1855 (signed and dated) Owned by Mrs. Charles Willcox (Jane A. Augur a great-niece of Mrs. Lanman) Mrs. Charles Lanman (Adeline Dodge) Photograph courtesy Frick Art Reference Library New York.

-10- In Haphazard Personalities Lanman quotes from a letter written to him by Charles Dickens in which Dickens describes his last meeting with Irving and tells of drinking with him "an enchanted julep" while talking late through the night in a Baltimore hotel. John Howard Payne, who wrote "Home, Sweet Home", came often to the house on West Street, as did, indeed, many others of talent. In 1876 Lanman published Biographical Annals of the Civil Government of the United States. After his retirement from the Secretaryship of the Japanese legation, he lived rather closely at home, writing and painting, and had gathered together a rare collection of literary and artistic works. Although Lanman was inclined to be self-assertive and argumentative he never lacked in attractive personal qualities, was a fine fisherman, [insert (1), p. 32] an explorer, a writer, a painter, a biographer and an excellent raconteur sought after by his friends. He died in his house on P Street of heart disease, on Monday night, March 4, 1895. Funeral services were held on the afternoon of March 7, at the Chapel in Oak Hill Cemetery with the Reverend Dr. Buck officiating. Forty-one years before his death Lanman had arranged the material for Bohn's Handbook of Washington (pub. 1854) and I cannot resist quoting his description of The Georgetown Cemetery if for no other reason than his choice of the final word, "THE GEORGETOWN CEMETERY Is located on heights of the town and is one of its chief ornaments. It was laid out at the expense and under the direction of the wealthy and very noble- hearted Banker, William W. Corcoran Esq, as a tribute of his affection for the place of his birth. The situation directly on Rock Creek is romantic to a great degree, and the best of taste has been displayed in its arrangement. It has a porter's lodge, a receiving tomb, and a beautiful Gothic Chapel, which combine to make a visit to the spot quite entertaining." His wife survived him by nineteen years. She had been his loving and faithful companion and whenever possible travelled with him on his trips of ex- ploration over the country. In a little book which she wrote and had printed "for the amusement of her friends" and which she titled A Tour down the River St. Lawrence she tells of her experiences in a delightfully easy manner. Dining at "Spencer Wood" the Governor's residence outside of Quebec she recalls: "_-__ from the portico on the river side the view of the broad St. Lawrence was very picturesque- _ In a moment Lord and Lady Elgin [8th Earl of Elgin whose father collected the 'Elgin Marbles'.1 with Colonel and Lady Bruce entered. When dinner was announced and on escorting me to the seat on his right, Lord Elgin took from his button hole a bunch of lily of the val- ley and presented it to me, and this, with the accidental pleasure of seeing A Tour of the Saguenay [her husband's bookl lying on a table --- were two incidents agreeable to remember; and gold plate, the first I ever saw, also glistens in my memory." -11- TOP: Farewell message from the Empress of Japan with a personal message of encouragement and good wishes. This was presented to them when they made their farewell visit to the Palace. Each girl also received a special kind of cake and some beautiful red crepe material. CENTER: Letter from Ume's mother to Mrs. Charles Lanman thanking her for her good care of her little daughter. LOWER: The five Japanese girls as they looked when they arrived in San Francisco, California in 1872. Umeko or Ume for short, is the second from right. She was the youngest of them all. Photographs courtesy of "Biography of Umeko Tsuda" by Riichi Yoshikawa, published in Tokyo, Japan 1956

-12- The eleven years (1871-1882) when Lanman held the position of Am- erican Secretary to the Japanese Legation in Washington, were full to over- flowing with development in Japan, and its contact with the United States of America.

"For the first time, the nation was represented to the world by an embassy at once august and plenipotentiary. It was not a squad of petty officials or local nobles going forth to kiss a toe, to play the part of figure-heads or stool-pigeons, to beg the aliens to get out of Japan, to keep the scales on foreign eyes, to buy gunboats, or to hire employes. A noble of highest rank and blood of immemorial antiquity --- with four cabinet ministers, set out to visit the courts of the fifteen nations having treaties with Dai Nippon. "These were Iwakura Tomomi, Okubo Toshimiti, Kido Takay- eshi, Ito Hirobumi, and Yamaguchi Masaka. They were accompanied by commissioners representing every Government department, sent to study and report upon the methods and resources of foreign civilizations. They arrived in Washington, February 29th., 1872, and for the first time in history, a letter signed-by the mikado was seen outside of Asia. It was presented by the embas- sadors robed in their ancient Yamato costume, to the Presi- dent of the United States, on the 4th of March, Mr. Arinori Mori acting as interpreter -- On the 6th. of March they were welcomed on the floor of Congress. The day marked the formal entrance of Japan upon the theatre of universal history."1'

While author W. E. Griffis with grandiosity describes the men included in this important event it takes Charles Lanman in his The Japanese in America to introduce the story of the almost unbelievable arrival of the ladies on our shores.

"One of the most remarkable and interesting features connected with the advent of the Embassy in this country was the fact that it was accompanied by a party of young Japanese girls, who were brought hither for the purpose of being educated..... "In 1871, a Japanese gentleman named R. Kuroda, passed through the U. S. on his way from England to Japan --- He subsequently returned to America---- During his two brief visits to this country he became so deeply impressed with the happy condition of the American woman, that he began to in- quire into the cause of such a state of things, and was told that it was because the women of the country were educated, treated with the highest consideration, and are regarded equal to men in all the higher qualities of humanity---.. With his friend, Mr. Arinori Mori (minister), Mr. Kuroda thought and talked un- ceasingly about the importance of educating the women of his native land. The letter which he wrote to his Government on this subject deserves to be printed in gold.--- Having obtained the hearty co-operation of Tomomi Iwakura, the Junior Prime Min- ister of Japan, an arrangement was made by which five Japanese girls were permitted to accompany the great Embassy to Wash- ington.

-13- Photograph taken from "The Japanese in America", by Charles Lanman: University Publishing Co.: New York: 1872

Reading from right to left Shige Nagai; Ryo Yoshimasu; Mrs. De Long, wife of the American Minister to Japan, who was on leave with her husband. (Mrs. De Long assumed the responsibility of chaperoning the five girls all the way from Japan, and was with them from San Francisco to Washington, D. C. on the long railroad trip); Umeko Tsuda; Tei Ueda; Sutematsu Yamakawa.

- 14- "As the American Minister, Mr. Charles E. DeLong, was about to visit the United States on private business, he joined the Embassy; and, as he was accompanied by his wife, she took charge of the Japanese girls during their long journey from Yeddo [sic] to Washington; and treated them with great kindness and attention, and received their gratitude in return. "Before leaving home they were summoned to Yeddo [sic], and in testimony of the good-will of the Mikado, and according to an ancient custom, they were each presented by the attendants of the Court with beautiful specimens of crimson crape, and an order was issued that their expenses while in America should be paid by the Government. "The names of this delegation of Japanese girls are as follows: Lio Yoshimas, aged 15; Tei Wooyeda, aged about 15; Stematz Yamagawa, aged 12; Shinge Negai, aged 10, and Ume Tsuda, aged 8 years. [Early custom in Japan designated the age of a new- born child as one year old] (See insert (2), page 32). They repre- sent in their persons five distinct families, and while they are not immediately connected with the imperial family of Japan, they do belong to that particular class, which would, in this country, be called the aristocracy of intellect and wealth com- bined. How these particular girls happened to be selected is not important; and although their fathers or friends were abundant- ly able to send them abroad, they have, in reality, come to this country as the wards of the Japanese Government--_ with which their fathers are all connected." None of the girls could speak or understand any English when they left Japan on the steamship "America". Umeko or Ume Tsuda kept as her closest companion an English primer, a farewell gift from her father in which he had inscribed: "My dear daughter Ume from the father Tsuda Senyah, Yedo Dec. 19th, 1871". In two years time this remarkable child wrote the following composi- tion:

"A JAPANESE HOME AND A VOYAGE ACROSS THE PACIFIC OCEAN" "I like both of my homes, but I like my home in Japan better than my home in America, Of course, I ought to like my home where my mother is most. My father has moved since I left, but my old home was very pleasant. It was in a part of Yedo where there were very few houses. Near our house was a deep lake and often my brothers and myself used to feed the fish and would watch them with pleasure. Across the lake was a bridge and lotus grew under it and on the other side of it was a rice field. On the roadside was a row of cherry trees that were very beautiful when in blossom and many people came to see them. but the policemen would not allow them to pull the blossoms. We had a two story house and porches ran all around it and a garden. My father has bought a new place and it has about thirty acres and my mother wrote me that there would be plenty of pears, peaches and grapes when I got home again, and that it was very beautiful.

- 15- The five Japanese girls dressed in "West- ern" clothes which they insisted on purch- asing as soon as they reached Chicago. Photograph Courtesy of "The Biography of Umeko Tsuda" by Riichi Yoshikawa

The following description from Umeko Tsuda's pen written in later years is quoted from "The Biography of Umeko Tsuda by Riichi Yoshikawa", Tokyo, Japan 1956. "One day a few days after landing in San Francisco, a group of young American ladies and children surrounded three of us in the hall of the hotel, and began talking to us most eagerly. Not a word did we understand. Finally they carried us forcibly away down many halls and staircases. We were very much frightened but could make no resistance or remonstrance, and we did not know what was going to happen. At last we reached a large and beautiful room, and there to our great delight the ladies began to show us a beautiful doll and other toys, and gave us candies to eat. While we were enjoying these, they looked all over our Japanese clothes and head-dress, took hold of our sleeves, and examined everything we had on. We were great curiosities to them, for they had never seen a Japanese before, and no doubt they looked on us as beings of another world. We wondered how we were going to get away, and if we were going to be kept prisoners all day, but after a little while they led us back to our friends, who in the meanwhile had been in great anxiety regarding our disappearance".

- 16- "It is not two years since I came to America. I crossed the Pacific in the steamship 'America' which was burnt last year. I could not speak a word of English then. It was a very beautiful day when the vessel started. How my heart beat as I saw the land fading away! I was with four girls and a lady and when the night came I was very sick and was so for seven days and nights and when I got better I often went on deck and watched the calm waters. We were often not well enough to go to our meals and there was a funny woman who came and asked us what we wanted. She had been taught a few words of the Japanese language--such as-- "What do you want?" I began to get sick before the other girls and I got better before them and used to run around the cabin for them and go up those brass steps leading to the deck I remember so well. We bought a box of oranges with our own money and eat [sic] them every one that night.

"After nearly 30 days we saw the Golden Gate of San Fran- cisco. We had been ten days delayed. When I reached California it seemed very strange, but still the houses were something like Japan. I was very glad to reach the land, although it seemed a great ways from Home. .We staid at The Grand Hotel. I staid there about two weeks. We did not go out much. We took the cars there. It was the winter time and the cars could not go fast and so we stopped at a great many places. The place we stopped first was Sacremento [sic] but we did not stay there more than one night. The next place where we stopped was Salt Lake City, there we staid one month because we were snow-bound. We started as soon as we could. We had our meals in another car. One time when I was stepping from one car to another and just as I got my feet on the other car, we reached a tunnel and it was very dark for a few moments. I was very much frightened and I would have fallen off if I had not held on to the door of the car. It was very pleasant sleeping in the cars and as we awoke in the morning we saw some river or mountain or great plain and this we enjoyed. We saw, when it was snowing one day a mountain covered with snow.-- it was very high and very beautiful.

"We next went to a place called Chicago and it appeared a beautiful city and we were delighted with the hotel and there we got our American dress. We then came to Washington. I came to Georgetown, a town near Washington, and I went to Mr. Lan- man's to stay there all winter. Summer before last I lived in Washington and I liked it very much. I am now in Georgetown and go to Miss Stephenson's school. My home in America is very pleasant and comfortable, but the one in Japan is cooler in the summer. I still live with Mr. and Mrs. Lanman who are very kind to me and have many friends. Mr. Lanman has many books and pictures which are very interesting and a pleasant garden with many fruit trees and flowers. I do not think I could be more happy away from home and I enjoy my school very much."

One of Umie's school friends was Martha Miller whose home was on Congress Street (now 1516 31st. Street) not far from 120 West Street (now 3035 P Street). As Martha's parents the Benjamin Millers were friends of the Lanmans, Mrs. Miller told her daughter about Uine and how the Jap- anese Minister had said to Mr. Lanman: "What am I to do? They have sent

- 17- Photographs courtesy of Biography of Umeko Tsuda by Riichi Yoshikawa. Tokyo, Japan 1956 Umeko Tsuda as she probably appeared at the time of her .acceptance of the Christ- ian faith. Below is Old Swedes Church, Merion, Pennsylvania where she was baptized by Dr. Octavius Perinchief, the minister. After Ume had told the Lanmans of her wish to become a Christian they decided their wide personal connections would make it difficult for them to select one Georgetown Church without giving offense to the others. They also decided that the less publicity the better, so they took Ume out of town for the occasion.

-18- a baby to me." .. and so it came about that Mr. and Mrs. Lanman, who were without children took Ume into their home and their hearts. She became their "Plum Blossom" and their "Sunbeam". Martha, three months senior, was delegated to take the little stranger with her when she walked to Miss Stephenson's School, where Mr. Lan- man had immediately entered the Japanese child. This school, founded by Miss Lucy Stephenson, a Virginia lady improverished by the Civil war was also known as The Georgetown Collegiate Institute. It was located at the corner of Gay and Congress Streets (now southwest corner of N and 31st. Street) but later on moved to the northeast corner of First and Market (now 33rd. and N Street). Day after day the two girls walked to their lessons, Martha protecting Ume from other children, both white and colored, who would rush up to the latter and attempt to pull her long black plaited hair. It was in San Francisco that Ume had seen, for the first time in her life, members of the Negro race .. the Grand Hotel waiters and some lively minstrels .. and their presence caused in her a certain timidity. In George- town she became a devoted friend to Jeffrey Savell and his wife, a kind colored couple who lived in a house in the Lanman garden. On Sundays Ume spent hours with them reading to them, asking their opinions about religion and explaining her beliefs, sometimes praying in silence. After she grew up, finished her schooling and returned to Japan, Jeffrey came one day to Mrs. Lanman and asked her what exactly was meant by the word 'happiness'. Mrs. Lanman thinking the question a curious one asked Jef- frey to tell her why he wanted to know. The old man then said that it was because he and his wife had decided that their real happiness came about when Ume spent those hours with them, and that it was by her persuasion that they both had become members of a Church! Of her own accord and choice Ume decided to become a Christian and was baptized in the faith on July 13, 1873 at Christ Church in Upper Mer- ion, Pennsylvania. The Lanmans and a few friends were witnesses. The entry on the Register is as follows: "I baptized her according to the usage of the Protestant Episcopal Church, using the form for Adult Baptism in full, she herself making all the responses." (signed) 0. Perinchief. Of the five Japanese girls, two had returned to their native land, one because of homesickness and the other on account of serious eye trouble. Stemnatz Yamagawa and Shige Nagai went to schools in Connecticut and thence to Vassar College, where Stemnatz graduated as Valedictorian of her class and Shige specialized in music. When they returned to Japan they both married high officials.. Stematz to the Marquis Oyama, who became -19- Photographs courtesy of "Biography of Umeko Tsuda" written in Japanese by Riichi Yoshikawa

Mother and father of Ume Tsuda. Shenya Tsuda, the father was a diplomat, horticulturist and scientist of renown. The lower photograph shows Ume with her mother in her Japanese home, before she made her long voyage to the U. S. A.

-20- General Oyama, and led the armies in the Russo-Japanese War, and Shige to a young Japanese, whom she had met at Annapolis, where he had been a cadet. His name was Uriu, later to become Admiral Uriu, the head of the Japanese Navy during the same war. Ume Tsuda was never to marry. She was to remain in Georgetown, and thence to Bryn Mawr, after she had returned to Japan and had held a revered position in the household of Prince Ito, as a tutor to his daughter. Ume and the Prince admired each other. They both possessed many of the same straightforward qualities, with quick though shrewd judgment with which they met the difficult situations in life. Prince Ito used to say of her how amazing it was that she never boasted of her high scholarship, nor did she ever appear as though she were aware of her wonderful erudition. In the formal June Class Days in Miss Lucy's school, we find mention in the newspaper the Georgetown Courier of 1873, 1874, and 1875 of how Miss Ume Tsuda received "premiums", medals, certificates of merit and mention of good conduct, and general commendation: "It may be stated.. that.. while the balance of the class in elocution read their pieces from a book, Ume recited hers without a book and without making a single mis- take, her piece being the 'White-Footed Deer' by Bryant. [See inserts (3) (4), pages 32-34] This fact in connection with the other, that she received three premiums and also a certificate for meritorious conduct would imply that there is a live YANKEE element in the Oriental mind." However, it was by no means "all work and no play" for either Ume Tsuda or her neighbor Mattie Miller, who incidentally was also a frequent prize winner. We wonder how the courtly French teacher Monsieur Maison, a gentleman of the old school, succeeded in stopping the girls from giggling about the translation of his name, and whether Ume's occasional 'tom-boy' antics did not cause the Latin teacher, (a somewhat weary Presby- terian divine,) to put his hand to his head and say, "Oh, you girls do give me such a headache", and then close the book on Caesar's Com- mentaries aind dismiss the class. Many a strenuous game of croquet was played by Martha and Ume and their companions in the spacious yard attached to the Lanman's house, and the members of the Japanese Legation would come over and look on with enjoyment. A cherry tree near the front of the house possessed a decided attract- ion for Ume and often she climbed it. One day when the family was away and the doors were locked, Ume clambered from its branches toward a win-

-21 - These four photographs of Umeko Tsuda show her at different ages. Two with "Western" shirtwaists and "hairdo" and two in kimonos with her hair styled in the Japanese manner. A contemporary Georgetowner who saw her often in Japanese dress spoke of her as "a diminutive and charming figure".

-22- dow which she discovered to be unlatched, then down through the silent hall to the front door which with triumph she opened from the inside. When Mrs. Lanman celebrated her 50th. birthday the preparations were completed and the guests were assembled .. all but Ume .. she could not be found. A hurried and somewhat alarmed search had commenced when a friend, running upstairs thought that she heard sobbing. Following the sounds she discovered Ume leaning against a desk weeping violently. Finally the child answered that she was all right but that she felt so very sorry for Mrs. Lanman because at fifty she could never again be young! Ume from the beginning possessed a decisive character. As much as she loved Mrs. Lanman she would never call her Mother, "because there is only one Mother." When Miss Stephenson praised her for good work and excellence in her studies, Ume accepted it, but when she received praise for good manners she would not accept it, saying that no credit should be given her for that, as it comes from within, from birth and breeding, and therefore such praise was inconsistent. Lanman's talents gave him a unique position in the world of letters, and he and Mrs. Lanman were a welcome addition to many an attractive social group as well. This all added up to the great benefit of Ume as they had immediately become so fond of her that whenever possible they took her with them on their fascinating summer journeys. Ume enjoyed every minute of these vacations but she was always enthusiastic about the return to Georgetown and the Lanman's house, which she looked upon as her Am- erican home and which, as she grew older, she considered "a veritable mus- eum" and "little picture gallery". The second summer of Ume's stay in the United States, Mr. and Mrs. Lanman visited Mr. and Mrs. Ben Perley Poore (Mrs. Poore was Virginia Dodge, sister to Adeline Dodge Lanman) at their house at Indian Hill, Massachusetts. Ume accompanied them. Lanman describes the visit as follows: "Longfellow came with Senator Charles Sumner. We had an early dinner and a bit of old wine, then drove in the Poore's carriage to Amesbury to visit John G. Whittier. A noted event to meet socially and under one roof three such men, as Whittier, Sumner and Longfellow." Longfellow also took this occasion to go to his family homestead and the following beautiful letter speaks for itself: Camb. Oct. 18, 1873 My dear Sir, I have had the pleasure of receiving your very friendly note and the sketch of the old homestead at Newbury, for both of which I pray you to accept my most cordial thanks.

-23- Ume Tsuda in her cap and gown as she graduated from Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. Lower photograph is one of the Bryn Mawr buildings, Pembroke East. "In the fall of 1891, Mrs. Morris I of Philadelphial with Ume Tsuda a Japanese student doing special work at Bryn Mawr College, wrote the Constitution for a Japa- nese scholarship Committee. For some years Mrs. Morris had urged Miss Tsuda who had taught at Peeress' School Tokyo, Japan to open a private school for girls, and in the year 1900 made it possible for her to do so. For the valuable work along edu- cational lines Miss Tsuda was decorated by the Emperor Yoshihito at the time of his coronation in 1915". (The above quoted material was sent to me by Mrs. Omori, wife of the Third Secretary at the Japanese Embassy, Washington, D. C., who received it from Mrs. Mac Coy of Ardmore, Pennsylvania, grand daughter of Mrs. Morris). K. McC. K. Photographs from the Biography of Umeko Tsuda by Riichi Yoshikawa" 1956

-24- Be assured that I value your gift highly, and appreciate the kindness, which prompted it, and the trouble you took in making the portraits of the old house and tree. They are very exact, and will always remind me of that pleasant summer day and Mr. Poore's chateau and his charming family and yours. If things could ever be done twice over in this world, which they cannot, I should like to live that day over again. With kind regards to Mrs. Lanman, not forgetting a word and a kiss to your little Japanese ward, I am, My dear Sir.

Yours truly Henry W. Longfellow

Of this summer day Charles Lanmnan further says, "One of the most charming traits in Mr. Longfellow's character was his love for children, and the child of the Orient, mentioned in his letter, whom he met at Indian Hill, will never forget the many pleasant things he said to her as he held her on his lap and played with her long black hair." Mr. Lanman, many years later, gave this letter to Ume who took it to Japan where it was placed among treasured displays of the first Tsuda College building. Tragically in the 1923 earthquake the College was destroyed with most of its contents, in- cluding the Longfellow letter, but fortunately a copy was kept intact. Can it be doubted but that these early and informal associations with the outstanding men of American literature had a beneficial effect on this impressionable and receptive child? Two of the very important things in the later life of Miss Tsuda were her love of poetry and her appreciation of the wonders of nature which this writer likes to believe harked back to the little girl's New England experiences. After completing the curriculum at Miss Stephenson's school, Ume entered the Archer Institute, which was located on Thomas Circle at 16th Street. As this location was at least an hour's walk from Georgetown Ume took the 'horse-car' back and forth each day. In 1882 when she graduated, the Archer Institute had this to say about her: "It gives us pleasure to state that Miss Tsuda's progress in Latin, Mathematics, Physics, Astronomy and French has been much in advance of her class, she having a clear insight into all the branches to which she has devoted herself." In the autumn of 1882 Mr. and Mrs. Lanman said a fond and sad farewell to UFIe Tsuda. She remained in Japan until July of 1889 when she returned to the United States to enter Bryn Mawr College. In 1892 she was graduated. This is what President James E. Rhoads signed for her:

-25- Yellow silk Japanese shawl given by Umeko Tsuda to Mrs. Charles Lanman who later presented it to Mrs. Beall. Empire table belonging to Mrs. Lanman and used by her in her house 120 West Street (3035 P Street), Georgetown, D. C. Silver cup used by Mrs. Lanman as a child. It is engraved 'Adeline'. Owned by Mr. and Mrs. William Marbury Beall (Mr. Beall is a great-nephew of Mrs. Lanman) Photograph by Warolin

-26- Bryn Mawr College

Bryn Mawr, Pa. 6 Mo. 28, 1892

To whom these may come, Greeting, Miss Tsuda has been a student in this college for two years and a half, ending June 2nd, 1892. During this period she pursued studies in History, Biology, English Literature, Chemistry, Politi- cal Economy, and Philosophy. In all these she was an intelligent, apt and diligent student, and received high grades for almost all her work, Miss Tsuda has been specially successful in the study of Biology and Chemistry, and understands the underlying principles of these sciences. Miss Tsuda has an extraordinary command of the English language, both in speech and writing, and is peculiarly fitted to teach it. Miss Tsuda has shown at this college all the virtues that grace and adorn the womanly character, and bears with her the honour, esteem and kindly regard of all the officers and students of the college.

Regretfully we must omit, as she journeys in August of 1892 back to her own land, the telling of Miss Tsuda's increasing accomplishment, the enhancement of her reputation for doing good, her strides as an educator. her personal diligence and determination to set a high example. "Life without work is worthless" she was wont to repeat again and again, almost as a motto. In 1907 Miss Tsuda returned to the U. S. A. as a delegate to an important convention. Her first thought when she arrived in Washington was to make her headquarters with her dear Mrs. Lanman. In the afternoon of the 26th of September, through the kind offices of Bishop Johnston of Texas, an appointment was made for her and her young- er sister Yonako to be received at the White House. As soon as they alighted from their carriage at the front door, Miss Tsuda, who was dressed in her Japanese kimono, was met by an usher who asked, "Are you Miss Tsuda?" They were then led into the Green Room where they were cordially greeted by Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, who told them that although the President had recently returned from a trip and was exceedingly busy, he wished to see Miss Tsuda. In a few minutes he entered the room, followed by his two daughters. The conversation touched on the important subjects of the day, all of which was exceedingly inspirational to Miss Tsuda in that the Presi- dent expressed himself as admiring many things about the Japanese people. Two days later the quiet street in 'West Washington' was electrified by the sight of a magnificent bouquet of roses and carnations delivered from the White House!

-27- Grave of Charles Lanman and his wife Adeline Dodge Lanman in Oak Hill Cem- etery, Georgetown, Washington, D. C. Photograph by Matilda Paul Grave of Miss Ume Tsuda 1864-1929 in Kitatama-gun, Tokyo, Japan Photograph Courtesy of Biography of Umeko Tsuda by Riichi Yoshikawa Tokyo, Japan 1956

-28- On her next voyage to these shores, in 1913, the welcome was, as usual, awaiting her at 3035 P Street, but Mrs. Lanman, was sad, dispirited, somewhat ill and of course, ancient. Faithful Jeffrey Savell and his wife were no longer there. Mrs. Lanman had no adequate help and was incapable of attending to the household duties and several members of her devoted family were temporarily absent from the city. Dust and disarray had settled on house and furniture and Mrs. Lanman was convinced that she was entirely without funds. Ume in going to her own room, so replete with happy memories, found it securely locked. She decided it was her duty to gain entry, and when she did so she discovered bank books indicating that three thousand dollars were on deposit in Mrs. Lanman's name. Bring- ing assurance to her old friend that the bank was looking after her and that she was not in penury, Ume quickly summoned carpenters and pain- ters. Before she said good-bye, she had the satisfaction of seeing Mrs. Lan- man garbed in a new gown (UJle's gift,)' smiling and happy at the reju- venation of herself and her premises. It was indeed the final farewell, for the next year Mrs. Lanman died. For a short account concerning the eastern portion (3033 P Street) of the twin brick houses I will quote directly from A Portraitof Old George- town, by Grace Dunlop Ecker, (1951 edition). "Next we come to a pair of cottages, changed from their prist- ine loveliness_- now the 'Mary Margaret Home' for old ladies. The one at 3033 P Street, in my girlhood, was the home of Mrs. James D. Patton, [sic] (Mrs. John D. Patten) the former Jennie Coyle. She gave me piano lessons for four years, but she gave me much more! She formed a group of girls into a King's Daughters' Circle, 'The Patient Workers' which met at her house on Saturday mornings when we sewed and made articles which we sold at a Fair in the Spring. The proceeds were divided between the Children's Country Home and the Children's Hospital. There is still a brass plate in the hospital bearing the name 'The Patient Workers' for a bed we named."

Mrs. Patten in addition to her charities was civic-minded. She fore- saw the beneficial and practical uses for Montrose Park and the Q Street bridge and she was influential in obtaining both. As Martha Miller (later Mrs. Henry Donald Campbell, wife of the D)ean of Washington and Lee University) has come into this story through her unpl)ublished mnemoirs I refer to her family again and quote from the same source. "The two big houses on the northeast corner of West (P) Street and Congress (31st) Street were built by Joseph H. Libbey, a well-to-do lumber merchant. They continued to be in his family for a long time. The one on the east now is the Catholic Home for Aged Ladies. In front of it is the largest and most beautiful elm tree in Georgetown. The two houses at 1516 and

-29- Photographs from "Biography of Umeko Tsuda by Riichi Yoshikawa" 1956 Umeko Tsuda and early buildings of the College she established in Tokyo. These buildings were destroyed by the earthquake of 1923 with most of their contents. Later new buildings were constructed and the College expanded in a very substantial manner.

-30- 1518 Congress (31st) Street, Mr. Libbey built about 1850 as wedding gifts for his two daughters, Martha, Mrs. Benjamin Miller, becoming the owner of number 1516..-- Number 1518 has changed hands several times. It was where Richard V. Oulahan, the well-known newspaper correspondent -The New York Times] lived until his death_... At that time it was said of him.: "He gathered news like a gentleman and wrote it like a scholar,9

In closing I find myself impelled to make a personal plea for the reten- tion of as much as possible of old Georgetown. Wititout eeping the origin nal walls and facades when feasible, the town's atmosphere cannot be preserved. Should these be replaced by modern streets and. modern buildings the loved Georgetown of history may become a dwindling recollection which can be refreshed only by a peep into a faded Book of Memory, Let us hope that the disintegration of Georgetown does not eocur

Katharine McCook Kiox July, 1958

Airpl.ne View of the College

Courtesy of Mainichi Sh:inbun-sha

-31 - (Insert 1) From the Georgetown Courier June 6, 1874. "Angling - A friend lately invited Mr. Lanman to go bass fishing, and he re- plied - 'No, I object to catching black bass when they are spawning, just as I would dislike to kill a hen when on her hatching nest.' This explains the philosophy of the true angler, and our friend, as we learn, has already been rewarded for his devotion to the rights and privileges of the fishes of the Potomac. He made his first trip to the Little Falls on Tuesday of this week, and with a fly caught twenty beautiful rock fish in less than one hour and a half. He has been after the silver beauties a number of times this week, and with equal success." (Insert 2) Lio Yoshimas (sic) Ryo Yoshimasu Tei Wooyeda (sic) Tei Ueda Stematz Yamagawa (sic) Sutematsu Yamakawa Shinge Negal (sic) Shige Nagai Ume Tsuda (sic) correct The names of five Japanese girls in the left hand column were copied from the text of Mr. Lanman's book, The Japanese in America. In the right hand column is the preferred spelling of today. (Insert 3) This is the 18 verse poem which Ume Tsuda chose to recite by heart on June 23rd, 1874 at a Commencement exercise given in Georgetown at Miss Stephenson's School. "THE WHITE-FOOTED DEER" BY WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT

"It was a hundred years ago, When by the woodland ways, The traveller saw the wild-deer drink, Or crop the birchen sprays. "Beneath a hill, whose rocky side O'erbrowed a grassy mead, And fenced a cottage from the wind, A deer was wont to feed. "She only came when on the cliffs The evening moonlight lay, And no man knew the secret haunts In which she walked by day. "White were her feet, her forehead showed A spot of silvery white, That seemed to glimmer like a star In autumn's hazy night. "And here, when sang the whipporwill, She cropped the sprouting leaves, And here her rustling steps were heard On still October eves.

32 "But when the broad midsummer moon Rose o'er the grassy lawn, Beside the silver-footed deer There grazed a spotted fawn. "The cottage dame forbade her son To aim the rifle here; "It were a sin," she said, "to harm Or fright that friendly deer. "This spot has been my pleasant home Ten peaceful years and more; And ever, when the moonlight Shines, She feeds before our door. "The red-men say that here she walked A thousand moons ago; They never raise the war-whoop here, And never twang the bow. "I love to watch her as she feeds, And think that all is well While such a gentle creature haunts The place in which we dwell." "The youth obeyed, and sought for game In forests far away Where, deep in silence and in moss The ancient woodland lay. "But once, in autumn's golden time He ranged the wild in vain, Nor roused the pheasant nor the deer, And wandered home again. "The crescent moon and crimson eve Shone with a mingling light; The deer, upon the grassy mead, Was feeding full in sight. "He raised the rifle to his eye, And from the cliffs around A sudden echo, shrill and sharp, Gave back its deadly sound. "Away, into the neighboring wood, The startled creature flew, And crimson drops at morning lay Amid the glimmering dew. "Next evening shone the waxing moon As sweetly as before; The deer upon the grassy mead Was seen again no more. "But ere that crescent moon was old, By night the red-men came, And burnt the cottage to the ground, And slew the youth and dame. "Now woods have overgrown the mead, And hid the cliffs from sight; There shrieks the hovering hawk at noon And prowls the fox at night."

-33- (Insert 4)

Roslyn, Long Island, N. Y.

Dear Sir, I thank you for the pleasant little anecdote related in your letter. Please give my best thanks to Miss Ume Tsuda for the likeness of herself, which she allowed you to send me. I shall preserve it carefully as the portrait of one who has won by her amiable qualities the love of the household in which she lives. If there is any merit in my poem of the "White-Footed Deer", it consists in the spirit of humanity towards the inferior animals which it inculcates. She may forget the poetry, such as it is; but the lesson, I hope, will not be forgotten.

Yours truly W. C. Bryant

BIBLIOGRAPHY Barker, Virgil. American Painting. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1950, pp. 479, 483. Boyd's Washington and Georgetown Directory, 1865. Compiled by Andrew Boyd, Washington, D. C. Bryant, William Cullen. Collected Poems. ("The White-Footed Deer"). Campbell, Mrs. Henry Donald (Martha Miller, 1863-1947). Unpublished Memoirs. (Courtesy of her son Mr. Edmund D. Campbell of Washington, D. C.). Davis, Dorsey and Hall. Georgetown Houses of the Federal Period (1780-1830). Arch- itectural Book Publishing Co., Inc., 1944, p. 125. Dodge Family (genealogy) of Essex County, Massachusetts 1629-1894. Pub. in Madi- son, Wisconsin 1894. Downing, Margaret Brent. Article written in Records of Columbia Historical Society. Vol. 19, p. 52. Ecker, Grace Dunlop (Mrs. Walter G..Peter). A Portraitof Old Georgetown. Richmond, Va.: Garrett and Massie, Inc., 1933. Ecker, Grace Dunlop. A Portraitof Old Georgetown. Richmond, Va.: The Dietz Press, Inc., 1951 (2nd edition, revised and enlarged). Evans, Henry Ridgely. Old Georgetown on the Potomac. 1933 sold by The Georgetown News. Evening Star. Washington, D. C. March 4th, 1895, p. 12. Evening Star. Washington, D. C. March 6th, 1895, p. 7 Fitch, Henry. The Perfect Calendar for Every Year of the Christian Era. New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1928 (revised edition). French, H. W. Art and Artists in Connecticut. 1879. (p. 104, engraved portrait of Charles Lanman). Fuess, Claude Moore. Daniel Webster. Little Brown and Company, 1930. Georgetown Courier. March 2nd, 1872; June 28th, 1873; June 27th, 1874; June 26th, 1875. Griffis, William Elliot, D.D., L.H.D. The Mikado's Empire. New York: Harper and Bro- thers 1903 Vol. 1, p. 324. Groce, George C. and Wallace, David H. The New York Historical Society's Dictionary of Artists in America. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957. Hearn, Lefcadio. Japan; An Interpretation. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1905, pp. 393-398, 410-412, 426, 464. Jackson, Cordelia (Feb. 18, 1930). Article written in Records of Columbia Historical Society. Vol. 33, p. 34.

-34- Japan, The Biographical Encyclopedia & Who's Who in Tokyo, Rengo Press Ltd. 1958, p. 1745 Jones, Dorothea. Washington is Wonderful. New York: Harper Brothers, 1956, pp. 251, 254. Kasuya, Yoshi (Miss), President of Tsuda College. Articles in Tsuda Bulletin of Tsuda College. Kodaira-machi, Kitatama-gun, Tokyo, Japan: Tsuda English Speaking Society, November, 1956, first issue and November, 1957, second issue. Knox, Katharine McCook, "Introducing Privately Owned", Catalogue, Corcoran Gallery of Art. 1952 Lanman, Charles, ed. Bohn's Handbook of Washington. Washington, D. C.: Cassimir Bohn, 1854. Lanman, Charles. "A Day with Washington Irving". Once a Week, Dec. 31, 1859. (A magazine published in England). Lanman, Charles. Essays for Summer Hours. 1842. Lanman, Charles. Haphazard Personalities Chiefly of Noted Americans. Boston: Lee & Shepard, 1886. Lanman, Charles, ed. The Japanese in America. New York: New York University Publishing Co., 1872. Lanman, Charles, ed. Journal of Alfred Ely A Prisoner of War in Richmond, Virginia. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1862. Lanman, Charles. Manuscript letters to Charles Lanman and from him. Variety of correspondents. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington. D. C. Lanman, Charles. Octavius Perinchief: His Life of Trial and Supreme Faith. Wash- ington. D. C.: James Auglin, 1879. Lanman, Charles.PRELIMINARY to Catologue: W. W. Corcoran's Gallery, Washing- ton, D. C. 1857 Lanman, Charles. Recollections of Curious Characters and Pleasant Places. Edinburgh, Scotland: David Douglas, 1881. Lanman, Mrs. Charles (Adeline Dodge). A Tour down the River St. Lawrence. 1852 (Printed for the amusement of a few friends). New InternationalEncyclopedia. New York: Dodd, Mead, & Co., 1904. New York Daily Tribune. March 6th, 1895 p. 7. Spofford, Ainsworth Rand. "Washington in Literature". Records of Columbia Historical Society. Vol. 6, p. 55. Tsuda College pamphlets (illustrated). Text is Japanese in one and English in the other. Tsuda - Juku Daigaku (Tsuda College). 1957-1958 General Information and Catalogue in Brief. All in the English language. Untermeyer, Louis, editor. An Anthology of the New England Poets from Colonial Times to the Present Day. New York: Random House, 1948. Washington and Georgetown City Directories as follows: Charles Lanman: American Secretary of Japanese Legation; 120 West Street. 1873, 1875, 1878. (120 West Street later became 3035 P Street). Washington Post. Washington, D. C. March 5th, 1895, p. 1. Washington Post. Washington, D. C. March 6th, 1895. p 3. Wheat, J. T. Verse written at 7 Cook Place, Georgetown, D. C. March 10th, 1885. In- spired by small oil painting by Charles Lanman, now hanging in the Peabody Room of the Georgetown Public Library. The subject of the painting is a scene of the Potomac River, Washington Monument, etc. Yoshikawa, Riichi. Tsuda Umeko den (Biography of Umeko Tsuda). Tokyo, Japan: Tsuda College Alumnae Association, 1956.

-35- Photograph taken from "The Japanese in America", by Charles Lanman: University Publishing Co.: New York: 1872.

This group was called the "Mission". These distinguished men of Japan arrived in the United States of America in 1872. They were accompanied by the American Minister to Japan and Mrs. De Long who were on leave of absence and five Japanese girls of high rank. As none of the girls could speak English, and as they were all young, Mrs. De Long chaperoned them until they arrived in Washington, D. C.

- 36 - The quotations from the San Francisco Daily Morning Bulletin, Jan- uary 1872, and the information gathered from three books (to which the writer did not have access until too late for printed inclusion in her bibliography) are placed here at the end of the story. The books are: The Chronicles of Georgetown, D. C. from 1751-1878, by Richard Plummer Jackson: published 1878 by R. 0. Polkinhorn, Printer: Washington, D. C.: The Japanese in America (1872); reprint by Baron Tanetaro Megata, Tokyo, Japan. March 1926: Japan Advertiser Press. Leaders of the Meiji Restoration in America by Charles Lanman: edited originally under the title "The Japanese in America". Re-edited by Y. Okamura c.1931 Kanda, Tokyo; The Hokuseido Press. The fragile condition of the San Francisco newspaper caused the typed copy to become an agonizing activity, physical as well as mental. The printed letters in the Menu, spelling out so many casually accented French words was also difficult. (In the courteously and ably serviced Newspaper Room in the Library of Congress whenever a newspaper is found to be in a precarious state of preservation the atten- dant warns the reader. Subsequently the paper is micro-filmed for future ready reference).

From the San Francisco, California: "Daily Morning Bulletin", Jan- uary 16, 1872.

"THE JAPANESE EMBASSY: AN INFORMAL RECEPTION ON THE STEAMER: APPEARANCE OF THE EMBASSY: SIX [sic] YOUNG LADIES SENT TO AMERICA TO FINISH THEIR EDUCATION." "A salvo of artillery from Alcatraz announced the arrival of the P. M. S. Company's steamship AMERICA at ten o'clock yesterday morning .. . There was bustling among the attaches of the caravansaries, and among Government officials, citizens gen- erally, and hackmen. True to the name, the good ship had reached her haven ahead of time and taken everybody by surprise. The arrival was auspicious in that the Japanese Embassy obtained their first view of America on a pleasant morning... The vessel displayed in conspicuous positions, the colors of America, Japan and the Pacific Mail Company .. . While the steamer was backing into her berth, the Embassy and Mr. De Long appeared upon the promenade deck .. .affording the crowd upon the wharf a chance to gratify their curiosity . . . The Minister of State, Iwakura, a tall man for a Japanese, wore a national costume of rich figured silk of a deep blue color, his two swords barely in sight ... The most striking feature of his costume is a queer head-dress, evidently composed of wood, painted black, glazed arnd ornamented with beads. It is shaped like a large, flat, empty portmanteau, and being set upon the top of his head, gives him a martial appearance ... Iwakura has a good substantial head, with strong individuality marked in his features, and gives the hand a cordial grasp when introduced to a stranger. Standing upon the deck this morning the cyno- sure of all eyes, he was not in the least disconcerted and never lost his presence of mind - not even in the presence of the

- 37- ladies. Visitors were surprised to find several females on the steamer. Three of the young ladies were elegantly dressed . . . and one of the party was decidedly pretty. There were three others, young girls, who were neatly, but not so richly dressed. The gowns were made of parti-colored silk of fine texture . .. Hitherto females of noble blood have not been allowed to leave the country except under extraordinary circumstances . . . "First day's programme of the Japanese Embassy". [So similar to the schedule of visiting officials of today, 1958.] "Presentations - Resident Japanese, 10 A.M.; Mayor and City officials, 11 A.M.; General Schofield and Army officers; Commodore Taylor and Navy officers 12 M.; Consular Corps, 1 P.M.; Citizens Committee 3 P.M.; Grand Serenade at the Grand Hotel by the United States Bands at 10 P.M.; There are 5 Ambassadors, 14 Secretaries, 54 other members, 16 attendants, 5 young ladies. Ninety-four connected with the Embassy; 11 students - 105 in all". January 17, 1872. "The members of the Embassy remained at the hotel yesterday afternoon recuperating for future festivities. The Grand Banquet will take place on Tuesday evening next. About 200 invitations have been issued. The 'quid nuncs' say that the banquet will be one of the finest ever held this side of the Rocky Mountains ... " January 22, 1872. "The Japanese ladies have won themselves a host of friends. They are so ladylike and the American women declare them to be 'perfectly charming'." The day following the Banquet the San Francisco Daily Morning Bulletin gave a full account of the whole affair. The imenu is quoted in full. " .. When 8 o'clock arrived, the Committee of Arrangements marshaled their guests in array and formally occupied the banquet hall. Iwakura, Gov. Newton Booth, the higher members of the Embassy, advanced to their respective seats at the head of the table of honor, the invited and subscription guests following." THE MENU. "Oysters on Half Shell. SOUPS: Bouillon, Col- bert. FISH: Boiled Salmon, sauce Normande; Flounder au Gra- tin. COLD ORAMENTAL DISHES: Galantine de Dinde, a la Parisienne; Pat6 de Foie d'Oie, a la Strasburg; Sanglier, decore a la Gelee; Boned Perdreaux, en Bellevue; Westphalia Ham, decore a la Japonaise; Langue de Buffalo, a L'Ecarlate ; Shrimp Salade, a la Victoria. BOILED: Chicken, Celery Sauce; Ham; Bacon and Spinach; Leg of Mutton, Caper Sauce; Smoked Tongue. ENTREES: Broiled Spring Chicken a la Matre d'Hotel; Ris de Pique, aux Petits Pois; Civet de Lievre, Saute au Cham- pagne; Filet de Boeuf, Pique, aux Champignons: Broiled Quail on Toast; Foie de Dinde, Saute aux Truffes; Rognon de Veau, Saute an Vin Blanc; Macaroni a la Milanise. ROAST: Turkey, Cranberry Sauce; Tame Goose, Apple Sauce; Ribs of Beef; Sad- dle of Mutton, Currant Jelly; Canvass-Back Duck, Currant Jelly. RELISHES: Olives, Assorted Pickles, Cranberries, Celery. Let- tuce, Radishes, Green Peppers stuffed, Chow-Chow, Cheese, Cur- rant Jelly. VEGETABLES: Boiled Potatoes, Asparagus, Fried Oyster Plant, Mashed Potatoes, Green Peas, Brussels Sprouts, Stewed Tomatoes, Spinach, Cauliflower, Mashed Turnips, Onions, Rice. ORNAMENTAL PIECES: Temple of Fame; Arc de Triomphe; Treble Horn of Plenty; Corbeille de Fleurs; Gothic Pyramid; Colonne Vendome; Almond and Marengo Pyramids, PASTRY AND CONFECTTONS: Lemon Pie; Mince Pie; Marengo -38- Pie; Charlotte Russe; Wine Jelly; English Plum Pudding, Rum Sauce. CAKES: Ornamental Jelly Cakes; Friands Glacee; Co- conut Wafers; French Lady Fingers; Almond Cake; Fancy Sponge Drops; Citron Macaroons; Wishes; Jelly Roll; Italian Meringue. DESSERT: Almonds; Raisins; Walnuts; Apples; Oranges; Pears; Grapes; Vanilla Ice Cream; Coffee; Chocolate; Tea. WINES: White: Chateau Yquem. Sherry: WS Gold, Old Brown. Champagne: Private Cuvee (Krug and Co.) Roederer, (Carte Blanche). Claret: Chateau Margeaux. Sightseeing trips and the frequent reception of various American dele- gations occupied much of the visitors' time. Secretary of State Hamilton Fish in the Cabinet of President Grant sent word from Washington sug- gesting that the Embassy be made Guests of the Government. Every courtesy was extended to these strangers in our land, and they, in return, responded in the same vein, with not a single unpleasant happening re- corded by our alert California press. On January 30th. the young ladies chaperoned by Mrs. De Long travelled to Sacramento and were put up at the Orleans Hotel, while the men occupied the special sleeping cars which were to convey them from the Pacific shore to the Atlantic seaboard. On the second of February very early in the morning the trains pulled out for the long cross-country journey, some of which has been described by Ume Tsuda in the foregoing pages. It was fortunate indeed for the future education of Japanese women that two such distinguished men as Prince Iwakura and Mr. Arinori Mori were in charge of the experiment which commenced in the year 1872. The former, when a young man belonged to a group which favored closing the Japanese home ports to foreign trade. This attitude changed however and he became a strong and progressive leader who vigorously opposed the feudal system. On his return from America he took a positive stand against a proposed war with Korea and he busied himself with carrying out reforms in the Japanese Treasury. Arinori was a statesman, diplomat and educator. He was Charge d'Affaires of Japan to the United States when the Embassy headed by Prince Iwakura arrived in Washing- ton. Mr. Mori was born in a Samurai family, but notwithstanding this, he appealed to his Government to abolish the custom of wearing two swords except in the case of officials and soldiers. The proposal, at first met with deep hostility. He also spoke and wrote freely of his disapproval of con- cubines and concubinage. He was determined that the five girls put in his charge would be placed in cheerful and comfortable homes where they could become acquainted with the blessings of family life in the United States. When Arinori Mori returned to Japan after his diplomatic service here, he was appointed Minister of Education and exerted a tremendous influence in stamping out illiteracy in his country.

-39 - I

b|0*onh

.e-4 Qc )00 £ 0to 0 (a 4sa I) .asi $-1

a) <» X I. C Q p« -4 ce

i ;> rn s .0

- 40 - Let us outline briefly what Fate had in store for the five girls who had been selected for the large adventure. Ryo Yoshimasu, the eldest, whom we have already explained was obliged to return to Japan on account of serious eye trouble, died of cholera in 1886. Tei Ueda who suffered so from homesickness that she also had to return (perhaps she was in love!) married a Mr. Katsuragawa. The romance of Shige Nagai with young Uriu, who had studied at Annapolis, led to their marriage in 1882. He became a successful Admiral and was created a Baron. Baroness Shige Nagai IUriu (lied in 1928. In 1883 Stematz or Sutematsu Yamakawa marrie(t the Japanese Minister of War. Oyama, a noted General, Com- mander-iM-Chief and Field Marshal. He was created a Prince. For her services to the Jal)a~n Red Cross Society an(i other patriotic assistance Prineess Ovyama had cotlferred onl her, by the Emperor, the Fourth Order of Merit. She dlied at the age of 69. As for Umeko Tsuda - we have brought her back in spirit to her beloved Georgetown where surely that same spirit nmust. some times linger. How could it be otherwise? Her career, with never a 'wasted minute to (lull its luster, will continue to influence for good the countless students now interchanged between Japan and the United States of America. Little Umne has outstandingly, in the words of one of her favored New England poets, left her "Footprints on the sands of time". Note: ("A Psalm of Life" by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.)

- 41 - TSUDA COLLEGE

!t fE d - Founder: Miss Ume Tsuda

:A 19 0 0 w Founding: 1900

Jf # . :tL, Location: Kodaira-machi, g J[.T[ Kitatama-gun, Tokyo [ o 29 198J8 Campus: 23.85 acres

jA 4, 0 9 0 JF Building: 147,240 sq. ft.

,'~ ^^-^4DOFF~ Four-year Liberal Arts College: X' TX. Fields of Concentration: English Language and Literature Mathematics

:.4' 750 J Enrollment: 750 :J='t 4600 Resident Students: 460

42 - GRATEFUL ACKNOWLEDGMENT

To my friends and acquaintances for their encouragement and helpfulness: His Excellency Koichiro Asakai, Ambassador of Japan; Mr. and Mrs. William Marbury Beall; Mrs. Elden E. Billings, Librarian of The Columbia Historical Society of D. C.; Mrs. Nona B. Brown; Mr. and Mrs. Ted Bushman of Indian- apolis, Indiana: Mr. and Mrs. Edmund Douglas Campbell of Arlington, Virginia; Mr. and Mrs. Hugh S. Cumming; Mrs. William J. Flather Jr.; Mrs. Randolph Adams Frank whose experience and good-will, coupled with her scissors and paste pulled me out of despondency concerning my galley 'dummy'; Mr. Hazumi, former attache of the Japanese Embassy; Mrs. Elvin Ragnvald Heiberg; Mrs. Harold B. Hinton; Mr. Horace L. Hotchkiss, Jr. of the Corcoran Gallery of Art; Miss Yoshi Kasuya, of Tokyo, Japan; Miss Mary Key Lewis; Miss Virginia E. Lewis, Curator of Exhibitions, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Andre de Limur; Mrs. Arthur MacArthur; Miss Michi Naka- mura, Tokyo, Japan; Mrs. Seiichi Omori, a charming graduate of Tsuda college. It was she who first told me about the biography in Japanese, of Umeko Tsuda, written by Riichi Yoshi- kawa, and it was she who presented me with a copy. In this and other ways she has been of inestimable assistance; Mr. Seiichi Omori, Third Secretary of the Japanese Embassy; Mr. Arm- istead Peter III; Mrs. Grace Dunlop Ecker Peter who generously supplied me with important clues from her rare assemblage of Georgetown lore; Mr. Walter Peter; Rear Admiral Neill Phillips; Miss Edith Ray Saul, Chief of Washingtoniana Division, D. C. Public Library; Colonel William Edgar Shepherd, who must take the blame for starting me out on this piece of work! Mrs. Ross Thompson; Mr. John Walker III, Director of the National Gal- lery of Art whose early encouragement was of much value; Mrs. Frank A. West, who first suggested that this booklet be put on sale; Mrs. Charles Willcox; Mr. Hermann W. Williams Jr., Di- rector of the Corcoran Gallery of Art; Miss Mathilde D. Williams, Curator of the Peabody Library Association of George- town, D. C., who from our initial consultation comprehended what I needed. She found and placed before me even more than I had dreamed was possible; Miss Violetta Sprigg Wilson of Newport News, Virginia; Mrs. Stuart G. Wood; Mr. Stanley Woodward. In the Library of Congress the following have been of the greatest assistance to me in various ways: Mr. David J. H. Cole; Miss Suzanne T. Cooper; Mr. Ralph Greenhouse; Miss Ai Kawaguchi; Mr. Richard S. Ladd; Mr. Frank E. Lou- raine; Mr. David C. Mearns, Chief of the Manuscript Division; Mr. Hirst Milhollen; Dr. C. Percy Powell; Mr. John R. Slidell; Mr. Richard W. Stephenson; Mr. John L. Ulrich; Mr. Alpheus L. Walter: Mrs. Ethel M. Walter.

-43-