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Florasına Katkılar Contributions to the Flora of Bozburun Peninsula

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Florasına Katkılar Contributions to the Flora of Bozburun Peninsula Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Süleyman Demirel University Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences Cilt 23, Sayı 3, 948-953, 2019 Volume 23, Issue 3, 948-953, 2019 DOI: 10.19113/sdufenbed.549549 Bozburun Yarımadası (Marmaris-Muğla) Florasına Katkılar Kenan AKBAŞ*1 , Ömer VAROL2 1Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Köyceğiz Meslek Yüksekokulu, Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Üretim Bölümü, 48800, Muğla 2Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, 48000, Muğla (Alınış / Received: 04.04.2019, Kabul / Accepted: 11.10.2019, Online Yayınlanma / Published Online: 30.12.2019) Anahtar Kelimeler Özet: Bu çalışma, Bozburun Yarımadası’nın (Marmaris-Muğla) floristik Bozburun, yapısına katkı sağlamak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma alanı Floraya katkılar, Davis’in kullandığı kareleme sistemine göre C1 ve C2 karesinde Marmaris, bulunmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, Nisan 2013 - Haziran 2015 tarih aralığında Muğla çalışma alanından toplanan bitki örnekleri değerlendirilmiş olup 470 bitki taksonu tayin edilmiştir. Bu taksonlardan 27 tanesi mevcut floraya ilave olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu ilave bitki taksonlarından, 7 (% 26) adeti Akdeniz elementi, 5 (%19) adeti Doğu Akdeniz elementi, 3 (% 11) adeti Avrupa-Sibirya elementidir. Ayrıca, taksonların 12 (% 44) tanesi ya geniş yayılışlı ya da fitocoğrafik bölgesi bilinmemektedir. Endemik bitki taksonları 4 adettir. Contributions to The Flora of Bozburun Peninsula (Marmaris-Muğla) Keywords Abstract: This study was carried out to contribute to the floristic structure Bozburun, of Bozburun Peninsula (Marmaris-Muğla). The research area is located in Contributions to the flora, C1 and C2 square according to the grid system used by Davis. In this study, Marmaris, between April 2013-June 2015, by evaluating the collected plant Muğla specimens, 470 plant taxa were identified. 27 of these taxa have been identified in addition to the existing flora. Of these additional plant taxa are 7 (% 26) Mediterranean elements, 3 (% 11) are European-Siberian elements and 5 (%19) are East Mediterranean elements. Moreover, 12 (% 44) of the taxa is either widespread or the phytogeographical region is not known. The endemic plants are 4. 1. Giriş Carlström tarafından Yunanistan’a bağlı Rodos, Tilos ve Simi adaları ile birlikte Datça ve Bozburun Bozburun Yarımadası güneybatı Anadolu’da Yarımadalarını (Marmaris-Muğla) kapsayan bir Marmaris ilçesinin (Muğla) sınırları içerisinde bölgede gerçekleştirilmiş floristik bir araştırma bulunmakta ve Datça-Bozburun önemli doğa alanı bulunmaktadır [2]. Yarımadanın floristik yapısının içerisinde yer almaktadır. Ayrıca İçmeler, Turunç ve belirlenmesiyle tarafımızdan alanda bir vejetasyon Kumlubük’ü kapsayan bölge Marmaris Milli araştırması doktora tez çalışması olarak parkının güney-batı kısmını oluşturmaktadır (Şekil gerçekleştirilmiştir. 1). Bu çalışma neticesinde belirlediğimiz bitki Çalışma alanı, oldukça az bozulmuş Akdeniz bitki taksonları ile Carlström [2]’ un yapmış olduğu örtüsünü içermektedir. Bu bitki örtüsü kireç taşı ve floristik araştırmada belirlenen bitkiler serpantin kayaçlarda gelişme gösteren boylu karşılaştırılmış ve daha önce alandan tespit frigana, maki, kızılçam ormanları, kumul bitkileri ve edilmeyen taksonlar not edilmiştir. günlük ağacı topluluklarıdır. Çalışma alanı oldukça dağlık bir özellik göstermektedir ve bir kısmı 500 Araştırma alanı Davis'in kullandığı kareleme m’den yüksek 20 kadar dağ ve tepe içermektedir. sisteme göre C2 karesi içerisinde, yarımadanın batı Aynı zamanda alanda yaklaşık 25 kadar koy kısmında çok ufak bir bölümü ise C1 karesi sınırları bulunmaktadır [1]. içerisinde konumlanmaktadır [3]. *İlgili yazar: [email protected] 948 K. Akbaş, Ö. Varol / Bozburun (Marmaris-Muğla) Yarımadası Florasına Katkılar 1.1. Araştırma alanının jeolojik yapısı ve büyük diyagramı çizilmiştir (Şekil 4). Marmaris toprak grupları istasyonunun yıllık sıcaklık ortalaması 18.7 oC’dır. Yıllık toplam yağış miktarı 1258.2 mm’dir. Yağış Çalışma alanının büyük toprak gruplarını içeren rejimi KISY olup, Merkezi Akdeniz yağış rejimi harita, “Muğla İli Arazi Varlığı” isimli kaynaktan tipine sahiptir [6]. Alınan verilere göre Köyceğiz yararlanılarak çizilmiştir [4]. Araştırma alanının Yağışlı Ilık Akdeniz İklimi, Muğla Yağışlı Serin büyük toprak grupları; kireçsiz kahverengi orman Akdeniz İklimine sahiptir (Tablo 1). toprakları, kırmızı kahverengi Akdeniz toprakları, çıplak kaya ve molozlar, kırmızı Akdeniz toprakları Şekil 4’te; a. Meteoroloji istasyonunun adı, b. ve kolüvyal topraklardır (Şekil 2). Meteoroloji istasyonunun rakımı (m), c. Sıcaklık rasat süresi, d. Yağış rasat süresi, e. Yıllık ortalama Bölgenin jeoloji haritası Maden Tetkik Arama sıcaklık, f. Yıllık toplam yağış miktarı (mm), g. (MTA)’nın hazırlamış olduğu paftalardan Sıcaklık eğrisi, h. Yağış eğrisi, i. Kurak periyot, k. yararlanarak çizilmiştir. Jeoloji haritasında Yağışlı periyodunu ifade eder. belirlenen formasyonlara ait bilgiler Şenel ve Bilgin (1997)’nin yapmış olduğu çalışmadan 2. Materyal ve Metot faydalanılarak yazılmıştır [5]. Bozburun yarımadası’nda Nisan 2013-Haziran 2015 Çalışma alanında yer alan jeolojik oluşumlar tarihleri arasında yapılan arazi çalışmaları Göçgediği formasyonu, Güverdağı formasyonu, neticesinde 470 bitki taksonu tespit edilmiştir. Karanasıflar formasyonu, Orluca formasyonu, Toplanan bitki numunelerinin tayininde “Türkiye ve Orhaniye formasyonu ve Marmaris Peridotiti Doğu Ege Adalarının Florası” [7; 8] isimli birimlerinden meydana gelmektedir (Şekil 3). kaynaklardan faydalanılmıştır. Belirlenen bitki taksonlarının adları “Türkiye Damarlı Bitki 1.2. Araştırma alanının iklimsel özellikleri Listesine” göre yeniden revize edilmiştir [9]. Araştırma konusunu oluşturan bitki türleri Çalışma sahasının iklim bilgileri, Muğla Meteoroloji herbaryum materyali haline getirilerek Muğla Sıtkı Müdürlüğü’nün Marmaris’e ait raporlarından temin Koçman Üniversitesi, Herbaryum Laboratuvarında edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerle Marmaris’in iklim muhafaza edilmektedir. Şekil 1. Araştırma Alanı Haritası 949 K. Akbaş, Ö. Varol / Bozburun (Marmaris-Muğla) Yarımadası Florasına Katkılar Şekil 2. Araştırma alanında toprak gruplarının dağılışı Şekil 3. Çalışma alanının jeoloji haritası 950 K. Akbaş, Ö. Varol / Bozburun (Marmaris-Muğla) Yarımadası Florasına Katkılar Muğla; Marmaris, Söğüt-Taşlıca arası, Taşlıca’ya gelmeden önce yol üzerindeki makilik tepeler, 240 m, 02.05.2015, K.A. 827-a, D. Akd Ele. Stellaria neglecta (Weihe) Gremli Muğla; Marmaris, Selimiye’ye gelmeden 3-4 km. önceki zeytinlik tepeler, 37 m, 16.03.2014, K.A. 649- a POLYGONACEAE Rumex tuberosus L. subsp. tuberosus Muğla; Marmaris, Bayırdan Söğüt arası, tarihi su sarnıcı çevresi, Bozen gediği mevkii makilik alanlar, 366 m, 26.04.2014, K.A. 731-a LINACEAE Linum corymbulosum Reichb. Şekil 4. Marmaris istasyonu ombrotermik diyagramı Muğla; Marmaris, Selimiye, Kamelya adası karşısındaki makilik tepelikler, 266 m, 22.04.2015, Tablo 1. İstasyonların biyoiklim analizi tablosu K.A. 787-a, Akd. Ele. FABACEAE Q M m PE Pisum sativum L. subsp. elatius (Bieb.) Aschers. (m) PE/M P (mm) P İstasyon etGraebn. var. pumilio Meikle İklim Tipi İklim Yükseklik Muğla; Marmaris, Bayırdan Söğüt arası, tarihi su Marmaris 16 1258.2 34.7 6.8 89,5 36.3 1.04 Az sarnıcı çevresi, Bozen gediği mevkii makilik alanlar, Yağışlı, 360 m, 27.04.2014, K.A. 740 Ilık Akdeniz İklimi Pisum sativum L.subsp. elatius (Bieb.) Aschers. et Q= Yağış-sıcaklık emsali, P= Yıllık yağış miktarı (mm), PE= Haziran- Graebn. var. elatius Temmuz-Ağustos ayları yağış toplamı, M= En sıcak ayın maksimum sıcaklık ortalaması (°C), m= En soğuk ayın minimum sıcaklık ortalaması Muğla; Marmaris, Bayırdan Söğüt arası, makilik (°C) alanlar, 396 m, 13.04.2014, K.A. 708-a, Akd. Ele. Kısaltmalar; Vicia sativa L.subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. var. nigra Akd. Ele.: Akdeniz Elementi Muğla; Marmaris, Selimiye’ye gelmeden 3-4 km. D. Akd. Ele.: Doğu Akdeniz Elementi önceki zeytinlik tepeler, 80 m, 18.04.2015, K.A. 778- Avr.-Sib. Ele.: Avrupa-Sibirya Elementi a End.: Endemik K.A.: Kenan AKBAŞ Cicer montbretii Jaub&Spach m: Metre Muğla; Marmaris, Osmaniye köyü, Sarnıç Mah. km: Kilometre Çevresi, Pinus brutia ormanı, 536 m, 23.05.2015, K.A. 862, D. Akd. Ele. 3. Bulgular ROSACEAE 3.1. Floristik liste Rosa canina L. Muğla; Marmaris, İçmeler-Turunç yolu, Pinus brutia PAPAVERACEAE ormanı, 409 m, 18.05.2014, K.A. 744-a Fumaria officinalis L. Muğla; Marmaris, Selimiye’ye gelmeden 3-4 km. Agrimonia eupatoria L. subsp. eupatoria önceki zeytinlik tepeler, 80 m, 18.04.2015, K.A. 775- Muğla; Marmaris, İçmeler-Turunç yolu, Turunç- a Osmaniye yol ayrımı, Pinus brutia ormanı, 388 m, 19.05.2014, K.A. 749-a BRASSICACEAE Iberis carica Bornm. End. Rubus canescens DC. var. canescens Muğla; Marmaris, İçmeler-Hisarönü sapağından, Muğla; Marmaris, İçmeler-Hisarönü yol ayrımından Hisarönüne giderken yol üzeri garig tepelikleri, 220 Hisarönüne giderken yolun sol tarafı, Kuruandız m, 13.04.2015, K.A. 774, D. Akd Ele. mevkii, Pinus brutia ormanı, 435 m, 20.05.2015, K.A. 860-a, Avr.-Sib. Ele. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Arenaria rhodia Boiss. var. macropetala McNeill CAPRIFOLIACEAE End. Lonicera nummulariifolia Jaub. &Spach subsp. glandulifera (Hub.-Mor.)Chamb. End. 951 K. Akbaş, Ö. Varol / Bozburun (Marmaris-Muğla) Yarımadası Florasına Katkılar Muğla; Marmaris, Taşlıca’dan Serçe limanına inerken yol üzeri makilik alanlar, 180 m, Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich 02.05.2015, K.A. 843, D. Akd. Ele. Muğla; Marmaris, Osmaniye-Bayır arası, yol zerindeki Pinus brutia ormanı, 580 m, 26.05.2015, VALERIANACEAE K.A. 866-a Valerianella
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