DOCSLIB.ORG

A Revision of Alloschemone Schott (Araceae:Aionstereae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Revision of Alloschemone Schott (Araceae:Aionstereae) 80 AROIDEANA, Vol. 24 A Revision of Alloschemone Schott (Araceae:Aionstereae) J. Bogner Botanischer Garten Miinchen Menzinger Strde 63 D-80638, Miinchen, Germany P. C. Boyce Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, u.K. C. M. Sakuragui Departamento de Biologia Universidade de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790 CEP 87020-000 Maringa PR, Brazil ABSTRACT premnum Schott, Monstera Adans., Rha­ phidophora Hassk., Rhodospatha Poepp., The genus Alloschemone Schott is re­ Scindapsus Schott and Stenospermation vised. One new species, A. inopinata Schott. The genera are mostly separated Bogner & P. C. Boyce, is recognized, and on gynoecial characters, notably locule an expanded description of A. occidentalis number, ovule (and thus seed) number, (Poepp.) Eng!. & K. Krause is presented. placenta position, seed shape and endo­ The distinguishing characters of the genus sperm presence or absence. Due to their are discussed, especially with regard to the great plasticity, vegetative characters alone genus Scindapsus Schott, from which Al­ are of little use for generic determination. loschemone has been considered insepa­ In the past some botanists have sought to rable. Both genera have unilocular ovaries reduce several genera into one (e.g. Bak­ with basal placentation with one ovule; Al­ huizen van den Brink 1958; Hotta 1970). loschemone differs from Scindapsus by a However, recent work on vegetative anat­ pinnatifid leaf lamina (entire in Scindap­ omy (e.g. French & Tomlinson, 1981) and sus), shoot architecture, anatomical differ­ floral anatomy (e.g. Carvell, 1989) has ences, and Neotropical distribution (Scin­ shown that these 'weak' genera are prob­ dapsus Paleotropical). Our new species ably soundly based. has fused filaments, a unique character in Previously Alloschemone has been treat­ Monstereae, and further differs from A. oc­ ed as part of Scindapsus (e.g. Madison, cidentalis by the narrower leaf pinnate 1976) due to shared gynoecial characters. separated by an oblong sinus. Seeds, often However, Madison (1979), French & Tom­ diagnostically very useful in Monstereae, linson (1981) and Carvell (1989) have are still unknown in Alloschemone and are demonstrated convincingly that Allosche­ highly desirable. mone is not only distinct from Scindapsus but also probably not closely related. INTRODUCTION IDSTORY Generic delimitation within Araceae tribe Monstereae has long been subject to Schott (1858) established Alloschemone differing interpretations. Mayo et al. (1997) (as Alloschemone poeppigiana Schott, recognize eight genera for the tribe: Allos­ nom. illeg.) for Scindapsus occidentalis chemone Schott, Amydrium Schott, Epi- Poepp. (Poeppig 1845) based on a collec- J. BOGNER, P. C. BOYCE, C. M. SAKURAGUI, 2001 81 tion made by Eduard Poeppig in 1831 at cluding Alloschemone. Unfortunately the Ega (modern Tefe) in Brazilian Amazonas. distribution of species with vestigial tepals Poeppig produced a good description of is, in this instance, of little taxonomic sig­ his new species, which is fortunate since nificance. the single spadix collected was lost. In Alloschemone has been seldom collect­ separating Alloschemone from Scindapsus, ed. Following Poeppig's original gathering Schott (1858, 1860) cited the disjunct dis­ it was recollected by B. A. Krukoff in 1934 tribution of Poeppig's species (Scindapsus and then by M. Madison in 1978. The same is wholly Paleotropical) and the divided year it was also found by staff from the leaf lamina (Scindapsus leaf laminae are Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas de Ama­ always entire). zonia (INPA) while working on the Projeto Koch (1856) and Bentham & Hooker Flora Epffita; in 1982 T. Plowman made (1883) included Alloschemone in the Neo­ what was then the best collection. In 1977 tropical genus Monstera but this was never sterile specimens were collected by Kirk­ universally followed. Engler and others bride et at. in Rondonia state, Brazil and (Engler, 1879, 1889; Engler & Krause, in 1987 Solomon made the only known 1908) recognized Alloschemone but with collection from Bolivia. Recently a fine the caveat 'genus dubium, imperJecte cog­ collection has been made by C.M. Sakur­ nitum'. Madison (1976) argued that the agui at Tefe. This collection, which in­ leaf shape and disjunct distribution of At­ cludes for the first time pre-adult shoots loschemone were secondary to the gyn­ and inflorescences in spirit, forms the basis oecial characters. Alloschemone and Scin­ for the expanded deSCription presented dapsus have a unilocular ovary with a sin­ below. All collections seen by us originate gle ovule on a basal placenta and Madison from Brazilian Amazonia and Bolivia concluded that the genera should be unit­ (Dept. Pando). ed. Later, based on observations along the Alloschemone has been introduced into Rio Negro in Brazilian Amazonas, Madison cultivation only once, from the 1978 Mad­ reported that the growth habit of Allosche­ ison collection (Madison 6310, see Croat, mone was so different to that of Scindap­ 1986). However, there has been some con­ sus that he subsequently considered Allos­ fusion as to the origin of the plant in cul­ chemone to be a distinct genus (Madison, tivation under this number and it seems 1979). that it may have become mixed. A speci­ French and Tomlinson (1981) surveyed men of this Madison collection grown by vascular patterns in the stems of Monster­ one of us (J.B.) flowered after several oideae. They found that in Alloschemone years in cultivation and proved to be Mon­ the course of the vascular bundles in the stera spruceana (Schott) Eng!. stem central core differed from that of all other vining Monstereae while Scindapsus REIATIONSIllPS showed similarities to Monstera, Rhaphi­ dophora, Epipremnum and A mydrium. The maintenance of Alloschemone as a Carvell (1989) showed the floral vascu­ genus is well supported, but its generic re­ lature of Alloschemone to be substantially lationships are less clear. Gynoecial char­ different to that of Scindapsus but similar acters are important for the delimitation of to that of Monstera deliciosa Liebm. Allos­ genera in Monstereae. Alloschemone and chemone also shares some features in its Scindapsus, the only genera with a single vasculature typical of Rhodospatha and basal ovule in a unilocular ovary, would Stenospermation. Much of Carvell's work appear to be closely allied. However, oth­ involved studying vestigial tepals at the er characters do not support this assump­ base on the flowers. Monstereae has na­ tion. Alloschemone and Scindapsus differ ked flowers (i.e. lacking a perigon), al­ in features of vegetative and floral anato­ though Carvell found that many species my, shoot architecture, leaf shape and studied have traces of vestigial tepals, in- geographical distribution. Gynoecial char- 82 AROIDEANA, Vol. 24 acters aside, Alloschemone is most similar arrangement of characters is unknown to the Neotropical genera of Monstereae. elsewhere in Monsteroideae. Alloschemone has a chromosome number After R. Keating's unpublished anatom­ of 2n = 84 and would be hexaploid if a ical data the following leaf data can be basic number of x = 14 is considered. summarized here (with permission). Two Neotropical genera, Stenospermation Leaf lamina: surface with a smooth, thin and Rhodospatha, have 2n = 28, Rhodos­ cuticle, epidermis cells undulate adaxially, patha also 2n = 56, while Monstera and but polygonal abaxially, with straight an­ the other genera of the Monstereae have a ticlinal walls at the cell base. Stomata ab­ certain number of 2n = 60; some other axial, level with the surface and brachy­ numbers have been published but must be paracytic to brachyparahexacytic; subsidi­ confirmed. The chromosome number of ary cells narrow and rounded. Palisade 2n = 84 for Alloschemone suggests a clos­ cells of the mesophyll short, with 6-8 er relationship to Rhodospatha and Sten­ spongy layers, air cavities accounting for ospermation. All counts cited are from up to 600Al of this layer. There are small work by Dr Gitte Petersen (Petersen 1989). cavities at the palisade/spongy boundary and larger cavities regularly spaced within VEGETATIVE ANATOMY the spongy layer. Collenchyma weakly de­ veloped abaxially at the mid-rib, with thin French & Tomlinson (1981) investigated wall layering on epidermal and subepi­ the vascular patterns in stems of subfamily dermal walls. Mid-rib with one to two vas­ Monsteroideae. Their findings mostly sup­ cular bundles. The xylem has small pro­ port the infrageneric classification pro­ toxylem cells and two to five medium­ posed by Engler & Krause (1908) and also sized metaxylem cells. The phloem is a Mayo et al. (1997). French & Tomlinson small irregular strand. Sclerenchyma fibers defined three groups; 'Group l' and '2' to­ ensheathing larger vascular bundles. Tri­ gether equating to Monstereae, 'Group 3' chosclereids are present in small clusters to tribe Spathiphylleae. Alloschemone has in air cavities just beneath the pallisade vascular patterns not fitting one of these layer, larger trichosclereids (up to 40-50 groups. j.Lm) in bigger air cavities deeper in the 'Group I' has simple vascular bundles spongy layer. Tannin cells with dark con­ with the axial bundles formed by the ag­ gregation of small traces branching from tents are scattered and very common in existing bundles. Bud traces are promi­ the mesophyll. Raphide cells are large, nent, enter the central cylinder at the thin-walled and elongate, filled with mul­ node, are superficially attached and fre­ tiple crystals. Druses are very
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Seed Germination of the Corpse Giant Flower Amorphophallus Titanum
    Latifah and Purwantoro - Seed Germination of The Corpse Giant Flower Amorphophallus titanum SEED GERMINATION OF THE CORPSE GIANT FLOWER Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. Ex Arcang: THE INFLUENCE OF TESTA [Perkecambahan Biji Bunga Bangkai Raksasa Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. ex Arcang: Pengaruh Testa] Dian Latifah and RS Purwantoro 1Center for Plant Conservation-Bogor Botanic Garden, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Jl. Ir. H. Juanda no.13, Bogor, Indonesia 16122 e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Amorphophallus titanum is famous as the gigantic inflorescense and economically prospective due to its 20% glucomannan contents. Various cultivation techniques including germination have been conducted due to the delay in the seed germination of Amorphophallus titanum. Previous studies revealed that A. titanum seeds has not produced faster and better germination rate. Therefore this research was aimed to test the following hypotheses: (1) Fruit pericarp and the pericarp inhibited the germination, (2) testa/seed coat inhibited germination, (3) GA3hormone promoted the germination rate. The germination pattern was also monitored. The experiments consisted of: Experiment 1: sowing the fruit with the seeds inside and Experiment 2 with two treatments: testa peeling and GA3 hormone treatments. The results of Experiment 1 showed that the fruit pericarp and the pericarp inhibited the germination for 124 days. Experiment 2 resulted in: (1) the delay of the germination for 7-35 days caused by the testa/seed coat, (2) GA3 hormone promoted the germination rate 2.19 coefficient of germination rate; and higher GA3 (1000 ppm) may enhance the seedling growth (reached the highest 23.6 ± 1.3).We also recorded developmental stages from the seed germination, first-leaf emergence and tuber development in series of photographs overtime during the experimental period.
    [Show full text]
  • 197-1572431971.Pdf
    Innovare Journal of Critical Reviews Academic Sciences ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 2, Issue 2, 2015 Review Article EPIPREMNUM AUREUM (JADE POTHOS): A MULTIPURPOSE PLANT WITH ITS MEDICINAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES ANJU MESHRAM, NIDHI SRIVASTAVA* Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India Email: [email protected] Received: 13 Dec 2014 Revised and Accepted: 10 Jan 2015 ABSTRACT Plants belonging to the Arum family (Araceae) are commonly known as aroids as they contain crystals of calcium oxalate and toxic proteins which can cause intense irritation of the skin and mucous membranes, and poisoning if the raw plant tissue is eaten. Aroids range from tiny floating aquatic plants to forest climbers. Many are cultivated for their ornamental flowers or foliage and others for their food value. Present article critically reviews the growth conditions of Epipremnum aureum (Linden and Andre) Bunting with special emphasis on their ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities, beneficial to both human and the environment. In this article, we review the origin, distribution, brief morphological characters, medicinal and pharmacological properties of Epipremnum aureum, commonly known as ornamental plant having indoor air pollution removing capacity. There are very few reports to the medicinal properties of E. aureum. In our investigation, it has been found that each part of this plant possesses antibacterial, anti-termite and antioxidant properties. However, apart from these it can also turn out to be anti-malarial, anti- cancerous, anti-tuberculosis, anti-arthritis and wound healing etc which are a severe international problem. In the present study, details about the pharmacological actions of medicinal plant E. aureum (Linden and Andre) Bunting and Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl.
    [Show full text]
  • Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, Conservation and Utilization
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 19, Number 1, January 2018 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 140-152 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190121 The diversity of aroids (Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, conservation and utilization YUZAMMI Center for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens (Bogor Botanic Gardens), Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13, Bogor 16122, West Java, Indonesia. Tel.: +62-251-8352518, Fax. +62-251-8322187, ♥email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 4 October 2017. Revision accepted: 18 December 2017. Abstract. Yuzammi. 2018. The diversity of aroids (Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, conservation and utilization. Biodiversitas 19: 140-152. Bogor Botanic Gardens is an ex-situ conservation centre, covering an area of 87 ha, with 12,376 plant specimens, collected from Indonesia and other tropical countries throughout the world. One of the richest collections in the Gardens comprises members of the aroid family (Araceae). The aroids are planted in several garden beds as well as in the nursery. They have been collected from the time of the Dutch era until now. These collections were obtained from botanical explorations throughout the forests of Indonesia and through seed exchange with botanic gardens around the world. Several of the Bogor aroid collections represent ‘living types’, such as Scindapsus splendidus Alderw., Scindapsus mamilliferus Alderw. and Epipremnum falcifolium Engl. These have survived in the garden from the time of their collection up until the present day. There are many aroid collections in the Gardens that have potentialities not widely recognised. The aim of this study is to reveal the diversity of aroids species in the Bogor Botanic Gardens, their scientific value, their conservation status, and their potential as ornamental plants, medicinal plants and food.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Origin and Rapid Diversification of the Genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), Integrating Molecular Phylogenetics, Morphology and Fossils
    University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 8-3-2011 Understanding the origin and rapid diversification of the genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), integrating molecular phylogenetics, morphology and fossils Monica Maria Carlsen University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Carlsen, Monica Maria, "Understanding the origin and rapid diversification of the genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), integrating molecular phylogenetics, morphology and fossils" (2011). Dissertations. 414. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/414 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mónica M. Carlsen M.S., Biology, University of Missouri - St. Louis, 2003 B.S., Biology, Universidad Central de Venezuela – Caracas, 1998 A Thesis Submitted to The Graduate School at the University of Missouri – St. Louis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Biology with emphasis in Ecology, Evolution and Systematics June 2011 Advisory Committee Peter Stevens, Ph.D. (Advisor) Thomas B. Croat, Ph.D. (Co-advisor) Elizabeth Kellogg, Ph.D. Peter M. Richardson, Ph.D. Simon J. Mayo, Ph.D Copyright, Mónica M. Carlsen, 2011 Understanding the origin and rapid diversification of the genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), integrating molecular phylogenetics, morphology and fossils Mónica M. Carlsen M.S., Biology, University of Missouri - St. Louis, 2003 B.S., Biology, Universidad Central de Venezuela – Caracas, 1998 Advisory Committee Peter Stevens, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • A Taxonomic Revision of Araceae Tribe Potheae (Pothos, Pothoidium and Pedicellarum) for Malesia, Australia and the Tropical Western Pacific
    449 A taxonomic revision of Araceae tribe Potheae (Pothos, Pothoidium and Pedicellarum) for Malesia, Australia and the tropical Western Pacific P.C. Boyce and A. Hay Abstract Boyce, P.C. 1 and Hay, A. 2 (1Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, U.K. and Department of Agricultural Botany, School of Plant Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 221, Reading, RS6 6AS, U.K.; 2Royal Botanic Gardens, Mrs Macquarie’s Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia) 2001. A taxonomic revision of Araceae tribe Potheae (Pothos, Pothoidium and Pedicellarum) for Malesia, Australia and the tropical Western Pacific. Telopea 9(3): 449–571. A regional revision of the three genera comprising tribe Potheae (Araceae: Pothoideae) is presented, largely as a precursor to the account for Flora Malesiana; 46 species are recognized (Pothos 44, Pothoidium 1, Pedicellarum 1) of which three Pothos (P. laurifolius, P. oliganthus and P. volans) are newly described, one (P. longus) is treated as insufficiently known and two (P. sanderianus, P. nitens) are treated as doubtful. Pothos latifolius L. is excluded from Araceae [= Piper sp.]. The following new synonymies are proposed: Pothos longipedunculatus Ridl. non Engl. = P. brevivaginatus; P. acuminatissimus = P. dolichophyllus; P. borneensis = P. insignis; P. scandens var. javanicus, P. macrophyllus and P. vrieseanus = P. junghuhnii; P. rumphii = P. tener; P. lorispathus = P. leptostachyus; P. kinabaluensis = P. longivaginatus; P. merrillii and P. ovatifolius var. simalurensis = P. ovatifolius; P. sumatranus, P. korthalsianus, P. inaequalis and P. jacobsonii = P. oxyphyllus. Relationships within Pothos and the taxonomic robustness of the satellite genera are discussed. Keys to the genera and species of Potheae and the subgenera and supergroups of Pothos for the region are provided.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Pollinator–Plant Interaction Types in the Araceae
    BRIEF COMMUNICATION doi:10.1111/evo.12318 THE EVOLUTION OF POLLINATOR–PLANT INTERACTION TYPES IN THE ARACEAE Marion Chartier,1,2 Marc Gibernau,3 and Susanne S. Renner4 1Department of Structural and Functional Botany, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Ecologie des Foretsˆ de Guyane, 97379 Kourou, France 4Department of Biology, University of Munich, 80638 Munich, Germany Received August 6, 2013 Accepted November 17, 2013 Most plant–pollinator interactions are mutualistic, involving rewards provided by flowers or inflorescences to pollinators. An- tagonistic plant–pollinator interactions, in which flowers offer no rewards, are rare and concentrated in a few families including Araceae. In the latter, they involve trapping of pollinators, which are released loaded with pollen but unrewarded. To understand the evolution of such systems, we compiled data on the pollinators and types of interactions, and coded 21 characters, including interaction type, pollinator order, and 19 floral traits. A phylogenetic framework comes from a matrix of plastid and new nuclear DNA sequences for 135 species from 119 genera (5342 nucleotides). The ancestral pollination interaction in Araceae was recon- structed as probably rewarding albeit with low confidence because information is available for only 56 of the 120–130 genera. Bayesian stochastic trait mapping showed that spadix zonation, presence of an appendix, and flower sexuality were correlated with pollination interaction type. In the Araceae, having unisexual flowers appears to have provided the morphological precon- dition for the evolution of traps. Compared with the frequency of shifts between deceptive and rewarding pollination systems in orchids, our results indicate less lability in the Araceae, probably because of morphologically and sexually more specialized inflorescences.
    [Show full text]
  • Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas, Part 3
    ; Fig. 170. Solandra longiflora (Solanaceae). 7. Solanum Linnaeus Annual or perennial, armed or unarmed herbs, shrubs, vines or trees. Leaves alternate, simple or compound, sessile or petiolate. Inflorescence an axillary, extra-axillary or terminal raceme, cyme, corymb or panicle. Flowers regular, or sometimes irregular; calyx (4-) 5 (-10)- toothed; corolla rotate, 5 (-6)-lobed. Stamens 5, exserted; anthers united over the style, dehiscing by 2 apical pores. Fruit a 2-celled berry; seeds numerous, reniform. Key to Species 1. Trees or shrubs; stems armed with spines; leaves simple or lobed, not pinnately compound; inflorescence a raceme 1. S. macranthum 1. Vines; stems unarmed; leaves pinnately compound; inflorescence a panicle 2. S. seaforthianum 1. Solanum macranthum Dunal, Solanorum Generumque Affinium Synopsis 43 (1816). AARDAPPELBOOM (Surinam); POTATO TREE. Shrub or tree to 9 m; stems and leaves spiny, pubescent. Leaves simple, toothed or up to 10-lobed, to 40 cm. Inflorescence a 7- to 12-flowered raceme. Corolla 5- or 6-lobed, bluish-purple, to 6.3 cm wide. Range: Brazil. Grown as an ornamental in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). 2. Solanum seaforthianum Andrews, Botanists Repository 8(104): t.504 (1808). POTATO CREEPER. Vine to 6 m, with petiole-tendrils; stems and leaves unarmed, glabrous. Leaves pinnately compound with 3-9 leaflets, to 20 cm. Inflorescence a many- flowered panicle. Corolla 5-lobed, blue, purple or pinkish, to 5 cm wide. Range:South America. Grown as an ornamental in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). Sterculiaceae Monoecious, dioecious or polygamous trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple to palmately compound, petiolate. Inflorescence an axillary panicle, raceme, cyme or thyrse.
    [Show full text]
  • Anadendrum (Araceae: Monsteroideae: Anadendreae) in Thailand
    THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 37: 1–8. 2009. Anadendrum (Araceae: Monsteroideae: Anadendreae) in Thailand PETER C. BOYCE1 ABSTRACT. As part of the Araceae project for the Flora of Thailand a study of Anadendrum was undertaken with the result that all three species hitherto collected in Thailand are considered to represent new taxa. A key to the lianescent aroid genera in Thailand and a key to Thai Anadendrum are presented. All species are illustrated. KEY WORDS: Araceae, Anadendrum, taxonomy, key, Flora of Thailand. INTRODUCTION Anadendrum is taxonomically by far the least-known lianescent aroid genus in tropical Asia. The problems besetting researchers are several-fold. To begin with, historical types are for the most part woefully inadequate. They were mainly preserved post anthesis so that the spathes are unknown for most of the described species. In addition field notes for the types (indeed for almost all existing specimens) are poor to effectively nonexistent and field sampling is patchy in the extreme. Lastly, groups of species that are immediately recognizable as distinct in nature look indistinguishable from one another when preserved. In essence, working from herbarium specimens alone is wholly inadequate but nonetheless time constraints mean that a workable account for the flora must be produced without recourse to a much-needed full scale, field-based revision. Given the above, I have opted for the pragmatic but unorthodox approach of not attempting to match Thai collections to any previously described species (a futile exercise in any case given the poor condition of almost all historical types) but instead have chosen to describe all species as new.
    [Show full text]
  • MORPHOLOGY of FRUITS, DIASPORES, SEEDS, SEEDLINGS, and SAPLINGS of Syagrus Coronata (Mart.) Becc
    652 Original Article MORPHOLOGY OF FRUITS, DIASPORES, SEEDS, SEEDLINGS, AND SAPLINGS OF Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc. MORFOLOGIA DE FRUTOS, DIÁSPOROS, SEMENTES, PLÂNTULAS E MUDAS DE Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc Sueli da Silva SANTOS-MOURA 1; Edilma Pereira GONÇALVES 2; Luan Danilo Ferreira de Andrade MELO 1; Larissa Guimarães PAIVA 1; Tatiana Maria da SILVA 1 1. Master's in Agricultural Production by the Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Garanhuns, PE, Brazil; 2. Teacher, doctor at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Garanhuns, PE, Brazil. ABSTRACT: Licuri ( Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc.) is an ornamental palm tree native of Brazil with great economic potential, because it provides raw material for manufacturing a wide range of products. The objective of this study was to assess the morphology of the fruits, diaspores, seeds, seedlings, and saplings of Syagrus coronata . The study was performed at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis (LSA) of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco/Academic Unit of Garanhuns-PE, by using licuri fruits collected from the rural area of Caetés-PE. It was evaluated fruit morphology, diaspores, seeds, seedlings and saplings. Germination, in the form of cotyledon petiole emergence, began 15 days after sowing, is hypogeal, cryptocotylar, and remote tubular. It is slow and uneven, extending up to 60 days after the first eophyll appears. The saplings have alternate, pinnate, glabrous, entire leaves with parallel venation and sheath invagination. The primary roots persistent, the secondary roots arise from the stem root node in the primary root, and lateral roots only fasciculate was evidenced when the change was 300 days, and must remain in the nursery for at least 360 days after germination before taking it to the field, due to the slow development of this species.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollination by Nitidulid Beetles in the Hemi-Epiphytic Aroid Monstera Lentii (Araceae: Monsteroideae)
    Flora 231 (2017) 57–64 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Flora j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/flora Original Research Pollination by nitidulid beetles in the hemi-epiphytic aroid Monstera lentii (Araceae: Monsteroideae) a b,∗ Danyi Prieto , Alfredo Cascante-Marín a Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica b Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica a r a t b i c s t l e i n f o r a c t Article history: Among aroids (Araceae family) with bisexual flowers, the reproductive biology of the neotropical genus Received 7 November 2016 Monstera (Subfamily Monsteroideae) is misunderstood. Nothing is known about the reproductive phe- Received in revised form 19 April 2017 nology and the sparse evidence on its pollination system is equivocal, suggesting both bees and beetles Accepted 19 April 2017 as pollinators. In order to elucidate the pollination system and reproductive behavior of Monstera, we Edited by Stefan Dötterl documented the floral cycle, spathe movement, floral visitors, and heat production of the inflorescence, Available online 24 April 2017 and the flowering and fruiting phenology of M. lentii in a montane forest in Costa Rica. We found that M. lentii was mainly visited and likely pollinated by nitidulid beetles (Cychrocephalus corvinus, Nitidulidae) Keywords: Cantharophily from the Mystropini tribe, which were mainly known as palm pollinators so far. In this mutualism, the beetles use the floral chamber as shelter, mating place, and probably as brood site. Drosophilid flies also Drosophilid flies Floral chamber visited the inflorescences and might participate in a mixed-pollination system, while stingless bees are Beetle pollination considered as pollen robbers.
    [Show full text]
  • History and Current Status of Systematic Research with Araceae
    HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS OF SYSTEMATIC RESEARCH WITH ARACEAE Thomas B. Croat Missouri Botanical Garden P. O. Box 299 St. Louis, MO 63166 U.S.A. Note: This paper, originally published in Aroideana Vol. 21, pp. 26–145 in 1998, is periodically updated onto the IAS web page with current additions. Any mistakes, proposed changes, or new publications that deal with the systematics of Araceae should be brought to my attention. Mail to me at the address listed above, or e-mail me at [email protected]. Last revised November 2004 INTRODUCTION The history of systematic work with Araceae has been previously covered by Nicolson (1987b), and was the subject of a chapter in the Genera of Araceae by Mayo, Bogner & Boyce (1997) and in Curtis's Botanical Magazine new series (Mayo et al., 1995). In addition to covering many of the principal players in the field of aroid research, Nicolson's paper dealt with the evolution of family concepts and gave a comparison of the then current modern systems of classification. The papers by Mayo, Bogner and Boyce were more comprehensive in scope than that of Nicolson, but still did not cover in great detail many of the participants in Araceae research. In contrast, this paper will cover all systematic and floristic work that deals with Araceae, which is known to me. It will not, in general, deal with agronomic papers on Araceae such as the rich literature on taro and its cultivation, nor will it deal with smaller papers of a technical nature or those dealing with pollination biology.
    [Show full text]