DOCSLIB.ORG

Molecular and Physiological Role of Epipremnum Aureum

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

[Downloaded free from http://www.greenpharmacy.info on Tuesday, September 16, 2014, IP: 223.30.225.254] || Click here to download free Android application for this journal Molecular and physiological role of Epipremnum aureum TICLE R Anju Meshram, Nidhi Srivastava Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India A Epipremnum aureum (Golden pothos) is a naturally variegated climbing vine that produces abundant yellow-marbled foliage. It is among the most popular tropical ornamental plant used as hanging basket crop. An insight has been provided about the different varieties of Golden pothos including Neon, Marble Queen, Jade Pothos and N Joy. This paper presents a critical review on botanical study and important characteristics of Golden pothos and special emphasis has been provided on variegated leaves and chloroplast EVIEW biogenesis explaining the important genes involved during the process and various proteins associated with it. Studies have been included comprising the special features of Epipremnum aureum in phytoremediation for the removal of Cobalt and Cesium and in R the purification of air against formaldehyde. The antimicrobial activity of roots and leaf extracts of Epipremnum aureum against many bacterial strains have been included. It also presents the antitermite activity of Golden pothos that can be harnessed for pest control. Key words: Antimicrobial, antitermite, calcium oxalate, Epipremnum aureum, formaldehyde INTRODUCTION Other Species of Epipremnum • Epipremnum amplissimum (Schott) Engl Epipremnum comprises 15 speciesof slender to gigantic • Epipremnum amplissimum (Schott) Engl root‑climbing Iianes.[1] All these herbaceous evergreens • Epipremnum carolinense Volkens are native to South East Asia and Solomon islands.[2] • Epipremnum ceramense (Engl. and K.Krause) Alderw Variegated clones of E. aureum (Linden and Andre) • Epipremnum dahlii Engl G.S. Bunting are extremely popular as cultivated plants • Epipremnum falcifolium Engl. worldwide, perhaps constituting the most commonly • Epipremnum giganteum (Roxb.) Schott cultivated aroid, and the golden variegated form of • Epipremnum meeboldii K.Krause this species is frequently met with as an escape from • Epipremnum moluccanum Schott horticulture throughout the tropics.[3] Plants used for • Epipremnum moszkowskii K.Krause interiorscape purposes such as pedestal plants, totems, • Epipremnum nobile (Schott) Engl hanging baskets, dish gardens and small desk plants • Epipremnum obtusum Engl. and K.Krause usually have heart‑shaped leaves that rarely exceed • Epipremnum papuanum Alderw 6 inches in length. • Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl • Epipremnum silvaticum Alderw. DESCRIPTION Varieties of Epipremnum Aureum Epipremnum aureum is synonymous with Golden pothos, Epipremnum aureum (L.) Engl. comprises several Pothos aureuss, Scindapsus aureus, Raphidophora aurea, varieties as shown in Table 2. devil’s ivy, hunter’s robe, ivy arum, money plant, silver vine, Solomon Islands ivy and taro vine. Golden pothos Botanical Study is also known as devil’s ivy as it stays green even when Botanical description of Golden pothos is shown in kept in the dark. Its’ classification is shown in Table 1. Table 3. Access this article online SPECIAL FEATURES OF EPIPREMNUM AUREUM Quick Response Code: Website: Chloroplast Biogenesis www.greenpharmacy.info Variegated plants are an ideal model for the study of chloroplast biogenesis as shown in Figure 1, because DOI: they have both green and white/yellow sectors on the 10.4103/0973‑8258.129566 same leaf, which can be used to compare differential gene expression directly and also for protein profiling Address for correspondence: Dr. Nidhi Srivastava, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali ‑ 304 022, Rajasthan, India. E‑mail: [email protected] Received: 23‑01‑2014; Accepted: 06‑03‑2014 73 International Journal of Green Pharmacy | April‑June 2014 | [Downloaded free from http://www.greenpharmacy.info on Tuesday, September 16, 2014, IP: 223.30.225.254] || Click here to download free Android application for this journal Meshram and Srivastava: Role of Epipremnum aureum in order to understand the co‑ordinate expression of nuclear Table 1: Classification ofEpipremnum aureum and organelle genes during chloroplast biogenesis.[4,5] The Kingdom Plantae Division Angiosperms viable cells that contain undifferentiated chloroplasts in Unranked Monocots the white/yellow sectors do not appear to interfere with Order Alismatales proper chloroplast development in the green sectors. During Family Araceae examination of individual cells, only one type of plastid Subfamily Monsteroideae was observed in each cell, either normal chloroplasts or Tribe Monstereae abnormal plastids. The leaf variegation phenotype may Genus Epipremnum originate from different mechanisms that interact with Species E. aureum chloroplast development. Binomial name Epipremnum aureum (L.) Engl. Using complementary DNA suppression subtractive hybridisation (SSH) between regenerated pale yellow and Table 2: Epipremnum aureum species with its varieties green plants, nine downregulated and 18 upregulated Variety Feature Epipremnum aureum (L.) Engl. Heart‑shaped leaves with genes in pale yellow plants have been isolated. Transcript yellow or white variegation abundance for EaZIP (Epipremnum aureum leucine Epipremnum aureum ‘Neon’ Solid yellow‑green leaves zipper), a nuclear gene homologue of tobacco NTZIP and with no variegation Arabidopsis CHL27, was reduced more than 4000‑fold in Epipremnum aureum ‘Marble Queen’ Fine variegation in white qRT‑PCR analysis. EaZIP encodes the Mg‑protoporphyrin colour IX monomethyl ester cyclase, one of the key enzymes in Epipremnum aureum ‘Jade Pothos’ Unvariegated, dark green colour leaf the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway. Examination of Epipremnum aureum ‘N Joy’ Variegation and bumpy leaf EaZIP expression in naturally variegated ‘Golden Pothos’ texture confirmed that EaZIP transcript levels were correlated with leaf chlorophyll contents, suggesting that this gene plays a major role in the loss of chlorophyll in the pale Table 3: Various parts of Epipremnum aureum yellow sectors of E. aureum ‘Golden Pothos’. Thus, EaZIP Plants: Young plants feature bright, waxy, heart‑shaped green leaves (to 4” long) that are variegated with yellow or white. On was identified as a factor that may contribute to the yellow large mature vines, however, the leaves become much larger (to 30” sector formation.[6] long) with deep lobes. E. aureum is an evergreen vine growing to 20‑m (66 ft) tall, with stems up to 4 cm (2 in) in diameter Root Pressure Leaves: Leaves are colourful and evergreen. They are alternate, heart‑shaped, entire on juvenile plants, but irregularly pinnatifid on The roots of Epipremnum aureum, does not synthesise mature plants, up to 100‑cm (39 in) long and 45‑cm (18 in) broad nicotine themselves but can take up exogenously fed [juvenile leaves much smaller, typically under 20‑cm (8 in) long] nicotine as a xenobiotic as shown in Figure 2. The alkaloid Flower: Pothos plants do not flower under greenhouse and flowering is subsequently translocated to the leaves, via the xylem is seldom reported even within native habitats. The flowers are produced in a spathe up to 23‑cm (9 in) long path, where it accumulates in the mesophyll up to levels Stem: This plant is easily propagated from stem cuttings. This plant comparable with nicotine‑rich Nicotiana species. produces trailing stems when it climbs up trees and these take root when they reach the ground and grow along it The Epipremnum plants accept nicotine only up to a distinct Roots: In its native habitat, it climbs tree trunks by aerial rootlets and level after which it reaches saturation about 10 days. tumbles along the ground as a ground cover, reaching up to 40’ or more in length Figure 1: Chloroplast biogenesis in variegated leaf of Epipremnum aureum Figure 2: Mechanism of uptake, transport and storage of nicotine | April‑June 2014 | International Journal of Green Pharmacy 74 [Downloaded free from http://www.greenpharmacy.info on Tuesday, September 16, 2014, IP: 223.30.225.254] || Click here to download free Android application for this journal Meshram and Srivastava: Role of Epipremnum aureum All mature, non‑senescent leaves accumulate the same response. This research supports the various previous amount of nicotine. By different experimental approaches, studies that plants, nature and material of natural origin unequivocal evidence could be provided that root pressure bring feelings of relaxation to people. The results of this is the ‘translocative force’ for nicotine transport in E. aureum. experiment might have been different if leaves with various Under the influence of inhibitors of root respiration, nicotine different surface types had been used and it is necessary to uptake was halted slowly in case of oxygen deprivation and examine this further. This report offers a new framework in case of cyanide, or it stopped very rapidly when CCCP, for understanding the relationship between human beings an uncoupler of mitochondrial ATP formation, was applied and plants or nature.[12] to the roots. Leaves, bearing a heavy ‘nicotine load’, showed symptoms of senescence only after 3‑6 weeks, as indicated In Cleaning Air Pollution by a decline in the chlorophyll content, the chlorophyll a/b Formaldehyde is a major indoor air pollutant. Its removal ratio, and the maximal quantum yield efficiency (Fv/Fm), from air can reduce
Recommended publications
  • Diversity and Distribution of Family Araceae in Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai Province

    Diversity and Distribution of Family Araceae in Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai Province

    Agriculture and Natural Resources 52 (2018) 125e131 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Agriculture and Natural Resources journal homepage: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/agriculture-and- natural-resources/ Original Article Diversity and distribution of family Araceae in Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai province * Oraphan Sungkajanttranon,a, Dokrak Marod,b Kriangsak Thanompunc a Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand b Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand c Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand article info abstract Article history: Species of the family Araceae are known for their ethnobotanical utilization; however their species di- Received 28 November 2016 versity is less documented. This study aimed to clarify the relationships between species diversity of the Accepted 18 December 2017 Araceae and altitudinal gradients in the mountain ecosystems in Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai Available online 17 July 2018 province, northern Thailand. In 2014, tree permanent plots (4 m  4 m) including one strip plot (5 m  500 m) were established every 300 m above mean sea level (amsl) in the range 300e2565 m Keywords: amsl. All species of Araceae were investigated and environmental factors were also recorded. The results Altitudinal gradient showed that 23 species were mostly found in the rainy season and identified into 11 genera: Alocasia, Araceae Doi Inthanon National Park Amorphophallus, Arisaema, Colocasia, Lasia, Pothos, Rhaphidophora, Remusatia, Sauromatum, Scindapsus, fi Ecological niche and Typhonium. The top ve dominant species were Arisaema consanguineum, Amorphophallus fuscus, Species distribution Remusatia hookeriana, Amorphophallus yunnanensis and Colocasia esculenta. Low species diversity was found at the lowest and highest altitude.
  • 197-1572431971.Pdf

    197-1572431971.Pdf

    Innovare Journal of Critical Reviews Academic Sciences ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 2, Issue 2, 2015 Review Article EPIPREMNUM AUREUM (JADE POTHOS): A MULTIPURPOSE PLANT WITH ITS MEDICINAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES ANJU MESHRAM, NIDHI SRIVASTAVA* Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India Email: [email protected] Received: 13 Dec 2014 Revised and Accepted: 10 Jan 2015 ABSTRACT Plants belonging to the Arum family (Araceae) are commonly known as aroids as they contain crystals of calcium oxalate and toxic proteins which can cause intense irritation of the skin and mucous membranes, and poisoning if the raw plant tissue is eaten. Aroids range from tiny floating aquatic plants to forest climbers. Many are cultivated for their ornamental flowers or foliage and others for their food value. Present article critically reviews the growth conditions of Epipremnum aureum (Linden and Andre) Bunting with special emphasis on their ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities, beneficial to both human and the environment. In this article, we review the origin, distribution, brief morphological characters, medicinal and pharmacological properties of Epipremnum aureum, commonly known as ornamental plant having indoor air pollution removing capacity. There are very few reports to the medicinal properties of E. aureum. In our investigation, it has been found that each part of this plant possesses antibacterial, anti-termite and antioxidant properties. However, apart from these it can also turn out to be anti-malarial, anti- cancerous, anti-tuberculosis, anti-arthritis and wound healing etc which are a severe international problem. In the present study, details about the pharmacological actions of medicinal plant E. aureum (Linden and Andre) Bunting and Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl.
  • Approved Plant List 10/04/12

    Approved Plant List 10/04/12

    FLORIDA The best time to plant a tree is 20 years ago, the second best time to plant a tree is today. City of Sunrise Approved Plant List 10/04/12 Appendix A 10/4/12 APPROVED PLANT LIST FOR SINGLE FAMILY HOMES SG xx Slow Growing “xx” = minimum height in Small Mature tree height of less than 20 feet at time of planting feet OH Trees adjacent to overhead power lines Medium Mature tree height of between 21 – 40 feet U Trees within Utility Easements Large Mature tree height greater than 41 N Not acceptable for use as a replacement feet * Native Florida Species Varies Mature tree height depends on variety Mature size information based on Betrock’s Florida Landscape Plants Published 2001 GROUP “A” TREES Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Avocado Persea Americana L Bahama Strongbark Bourreria orata * U, SG 6 S Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum * L Black Olive Shady Bucida buceras ‘Shady Lady’ L Lady Black Olive Bucida buceras L Brazil Beautyleaf Calophyllum brasiliense L Blolly Guapira discolor* M Bridalveil Tree Caesalpinia granadillo M Bulnesia Bulnesia arboria M Cinnecord Acacia choriophylla * U, SG 6 S Group ‘A’ Plant List for Single Family Homes Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Citrus: Lemon, Citrus spp. OH S (except orange, Lime ect. Grapefruit) Citrus: Grapefruit Citrus paradisi M Trees Copperpod Peltophorum pterocarpum L Fiddlewood Citharexylum fruticosum * U, SG 8 S Floss Silk Tree Chorisia speciosa L Golden – Shower Cassia fistula L Green Buttonwood Conocarpus erectus * L Gumbo Limbo Bursera simaruba * L
  • Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, Conservation and Utilization

    Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, Conservation and Utilization

    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 19, Number 1, January 2018 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 140-152 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190121 The diversity of aroids (Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, conservation and utilization YUZAMMI Center for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens (Bogor Botanic Gardens), Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13, Bogor 16122, West Java, Indonesia. Tel.: +62-251-8352518, Fax. +62-251-8322187, ♥email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 4 October 2017. Revision accepted: 18 December 2017. Abstract. Yuzammi. 2018. The diversity of aroids (Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, conservation and utilization. Biodiversitas 19: 140-152. Bogor Botanic Gardens is an ex-situ conservation centre, covering an area of 87 ha, with 12,376 plant specimens, collected from Indonesia and other tropical countries throughout the world. One of the richest collections in the Gardens comprises members of the aroid family (Araceae). The aroids are planted in several garden beds as well as in the nursery. They have been collected from the time of the Dutch era until now. These collections were obtained from botanical explorations throughout the forests of Indonesia and through seed exchange with botanic gardens around the world. Several of the Bogor aroid collections represent ‘living types’, such as Scindapsus splendidus Alderw., Scindapsus mamilliferus Alderw. and Epipremnum falcifolium Engl. These have survived in the garden from the time of their collection up until the present day. There are many aroid collections in the Gardens that have potentialities not widely recognised. The aim of this study is to reveal the diversity of aroids species in the Bogor Botanic Gardens, their scientific value, their conservation status, and their potential as ornamental plants, medicinal plants and food.
  • AMYDRIUM ZIPPELIANUM Araceae Peter Boyce the Genus Amydrium Schott Contains Five Species of Creeping and Climbing Aroids Occurring from Myanmar to Papua New Guinea

    AMYDRIUM ZIPPELIANUM Araceae Peter Boyce the Genus Amydrium Schott Contains Five Species of Creeping and Climbing Aroids Occurring from Myanmar to Papua New Guinea

    McVean, D.N. (1974). The mountain climates of SW Pacific. In Flenley, J.R. Allitudinal Zonation in Malesia. Transactions of the third Aberdeen-Hull Symposium on Malesian Ecology. Hull University, Dept. of Geography. Miscellaneous Series No. 16. Mueller, F. van (1889). Records ofobservations on Sir William MacGregor’s highland plants from New Guinea. Transactions of the RoyalSocieQ of Victoria new series I(2): 1-45. Royen, P. van (1982). The Alpine Flora ofNew Guinea 3: 1690, pl. 140. Crarner, Vaduz. Schlechter, R. (1918). Die Ericaceen von Deutsch-Neu-Guinea. Botanische Jahrbiicher 55: 137- 194. Sinclair, I. (1984). A new compost for Vireya rhododendrons. The Planlsman 6(2): 102-104. Sleumer, H. (1949). Ein System der Gattung Rhododendron L. Botanische Jahrbiicher 74(4): 5 12-5 I 3. Sleumer, H. (1960). Flora Malesiana Precursores XXIII The genus Rhododendron in Malaysia. Reinwardtia 5(2):45-231. Sleumer, H. (1961). Flora Malesiana Precursores XXIX Supplementary notes towards the knowledge of the genus Rhododendron in Malaysia. Blumea 11(I): 113-131, Sleumer, H. (1963). Flora Malesianae Precursores XXXV. Supplementary notes towards the knowledge ofthe Ericaceae in Malaysia. Blumea 12: 89-144. Sleumer, H. (1966). Ericaceae. Flora Malesiana Series I. G(4-5): 469-914. Sleumer, H. (1973). New species and noteworthy records ofRhododendron in Malesia. Blumea 21: 357-376. Smith,J..J. (1914). Ericaceae. Nova Guinea 12(2): 132. t. 30a, b. Brill, Leiden. Smith,J.J. (1917). Ericaceae. Noua Guinea 12(5):506. Brill, Leiden. Stevens, P.F. (1974). The hybridization and geographical variation of Rhododendron atropurpureum and R. woniersleyi. Proceedings ofthe Papua New Guinea ScientificSociety.
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny

    Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny

    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
  • Understanding the Origin and Rapid Diversification of the Genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), Integrating Molecular Phylogenetics, Morphology and Fossils

    Understanding the Origin and Rapid Diversification of the Genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), Integrating Molecular Phylogenetics, Morphology and Fossils

    University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 8-3-2011 Understanding the origin and rapid diversification of the genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), integrating molecular phylogenetics, morphology and fossils Monica Maria Carlsen University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Carlsen, Monica Maria, "Understanding the origin and rapid diversification of the genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), integrating molecular phylogenetics, morphology and fossils" (2011). Dissertations. 414. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/414 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mónica M. Carlsen M.S., Biology, University of Missouri - St. Louis, 2003 B.S., Biology, Universidad Central de Venezuela – Caracas, 1998 A Thesis Submitted to The Graduate School at the University of Missouri – St. Louis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Biology with emphasis in Ecology, Evolution and Systematics June 2011 Advisory Committee Peter Stevens, Ph.D. (Advisor) Thomas B. Croat, Ph.D. (Co-advisor) Elizabeth Kellogg, Ph.D. Peter M. Richardson, Ph.D. Simon J. Mayo, Ph.D Copyright, Mónica M. Carlsen, 2011 Understanding the origin and rapid diversification of the genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), integrating molecular phylogenetics, morphology and fossils Mónica M. Carlsen M.S., Biology, University of Missouri - St. Louis, 2003 B.S., Biology, Universidad Central de Venezuela – Caracas, 1998 Advisory Committee Peter Stevens, Ph.D.
  • A Taxonomic Revision of Araceae Tribe Potheae (Pothos, Pothoidium and Pedicellarum) for Malesia, Australia and the Tropical Western Pacific

    A Taxonomic Revision of Araceae Tribe Potheae (Pothos, Pothoidium and Pedicellarum) for Malesia, Australia and the Tropical Western Pacific

    449 A taxonomic revision of Araceae tribe Potheae (Pothos, Pothoidium and Pedicellarum) for Malesia, Australia and the tropical Western Pacific P.C. Boyce and A. Hay Abstract Boyce, P.C. 1 and Hay, A. 2 (1Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, U.K. and Department of Agricultural Botany, School of Plant Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 221, Reading, RS6 6AS, U.K.; 2Royal Botanic Gardens, Mrs Macquarie’s Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia) 2001. A taxonomic revision of Araceae tribe Potheae (Pothos, Pothoidium and Pedicellarum) for Malesia, Australia and the tropical Western Pacific. Telopea 9(3): 449–571. A regional revision of the three genera comprising tribe Potheae (Araceae: Pothoideae) is presented, largely as a precursor to the account for Flora Malesiana; 46 species are recognized (Pothos 44, Pothoidium 1, Pedicellarum 1) of which three Pothos (P. laurifolius, P. oliganthus and P. volans) are newly described, one (P. longus) is treated as insufficiently known and two (P. sanderianus, P. nitens) are treated as doubtful. Pothos latifolius L. is excluded from Araceae [= Piper sp.]. The following new synonymies are proposed: Pothos longipedunculatus Ridl. non Engl. = P. brevivaginatus; P. acuminatissimus = P. dolichophyllus; P. borneensis = P. insignis; P. scandens var. javanicus, P. macrophyllus and P. vrieseanus = P. junghuhnii; P. rumphii = P. tener; P. lorispathus = P. leptostachyus; P. kinabaluensis = P. longivaginatus; P. merrillii and P. ovatifolius var. simalurensis = P. ovatifolius; P. sumatranus, P. korthalsianus, P. inaequalis and P. jacobsonii = P. oxyphyllus. Relationships within Pothos and the taxonomic robustness of the satellite genera are discussed. Keys to the genera and species of Potheae and the subgenera and supergroups of Pothos for the region are provided.
  • Rhaphidophora Aurea: a Review on Phytotherapeutic and Ethnopharmacological Attributes

    Rhaphidophora Aurea: a Review on Phytotherapeutic and Ethnopharmacological Attributes

    Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 69(1), July - August 2021; Article No. 35, Pages: 236-247 ISSN 0976 – 044X Review Article Rhaphidophora aurea: A Review on Phytotherapeutic and Ethnopharmacological Attributes *Kriti Saxena, Rajat Yadav, Dr. Dharmendra Solanki Shri Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering and Technology Pharmacy, Bareilly U.P, India. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected] Received: 05-02-2021; Revised: 12-06-2021; Accepted: 21-06-2021; Published on: 15-07-2021. ABSTRACT Epipremnum aureum (Golden pothos), a naturally vari-coloured vascular plant that produces overabundance of foliage. it's among the foremost standard tropical decorative plant used as hanging basket crop. Associated in Nursing insight has been provided regarding the various styles of liana together with noble gas, Marble Queen, Jade Pothos and N Joy. This paper presents a review on botanic study and necessary characteristics of liana and special stress has been provided on varicolored leaves and plastids biogenesis explaining the necessary genes concerned throughout the method and numerous proteins related to it. Studies are enclosed comprising the special options of Epipremnum aureum in phytoremediation for the removal of metallic element and caesium and within the purification of air against gas. The antimicrobial activity of roots and leaf extracts of Epipremnum aureum against several microorganism strains are enclosed. It additionally presents the anti-termite activity of liana which will be controlled for cuss management. This article summarizes review meted out on many approaches to choosing honesty for drug development with the best chance of success. This review document presents a large vary of factual info regarding analysis work on honesty until date, sorted below headings: Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial, and inhibitor activity, vasoconstrictor, environmental and alternative fields.
  • Plant Life of Western Australia

    Plant Life of Western Australia

    INTRODUCTION The characteristic features of the vegetation of Australia I. General Physiography At present the animals and plants of Australia are isolated from the rest of the world, except by way of the Torres Straits to New Guinea and southeast Asia. Even here adverse climatic conditions restrict or make it impossible for migration. Over a long period this isolation has meant that even what was common to the floras of the southern Asiatic Archipelago and Australia has become restricted to small areas. This resulted in an ever increasing divergence. As a consequence, Australia is a true island continent, with its own peculiar flora and fauna. As in southern Africa, Australia is largely an extensive plateau, although at a lower elevation. As in Africa too, the plateau increases gradually in height towards the east, culminating in a high ridge from which the land then drops steeply to a narrow coastal plain crossed by short rivers. On the west coast the plateau is only 00-00 m in height but there is usually an abrupt descent to the narrow coastal region. The plateau drops towards the center, and the major rivers flow into this depression. Fed from the high eastern margin of the plateau, these rivers run through low rainfall areas to the sea. While the tropical northern region is characterized by a wet summer and dry win- ter, the actual amount of rain is determined by additional factors. On the mountainous east coast the rainfall is high, while it diminishes with surprising rapidity towards the interior. Thus in New South Wales, the yearly rainfall at the edge of the plateau and the adjacent coast often reaches over 100 cm.
  • The Evolution of Pollinator–Plant Interaction Types in the Araceae

    The Evolution of Pollinator–Plant Interaction Types in the Araceae

    BRIEF COMMUNICATION doi:10.1111/evo.12318 THE EVOLUTION OF POLLINATOR–PLANT INTERACTION TYPES IN THE ARACEAE Marion Chartier,1,2 Marc Gibernau,3 and Susanne S. Renner4 1Department of Structural and Functional Botany, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Ecologie des Foretsˆ de Guyane, 97379 Kourou, France 4Department of Biology, University of Munich, 80638 Munich, Germany Received August 6, 2013 Accepted November 17, 2013 Most plant–pollinator interactions are mutualistic, involving rewards provided by flowers or inflorescences to pollinators. An- tagonistic plant–pollinator interactions, in which flowers offer no rewards, are rare and concentrated in a few families including Araceae. In the latter, they involve trapping of pollinators, which are released loaded with pollen but unrewarded. To understand the evolution of such systems, we compiled data on the pollinators and types of interactions, and coded 21 characters, including interaction type, pollinator order, and 19 floral traits. A phylogenetic framework comes from a matrix of plastid and new nuclear DNA sequences for 135 species from 119 genera (5342 nucleotides). The ancestral pollination interaction in Araceae was recon- structed as probably rewarding albeit with low confidence because information is available for only 56 of the 120–130 genera. Bayesian stochastic trait mapping showed that spadix zonation, presence of an appendix, and flower sexuality were correlated with pollination interaction type. In the Araceae, having unisexual flowers appears to have provided the morphological precon- dition for the evolution of traps. Compared with the frequency of shifts between deceptive and rewarding pollination systems in orchids, our results indicate less lability in the Araceae, probably because of morphologically and sexually more specialized inflorescences.
  • The Cuban Botanical Illustrations of Nancy Kingsbury Wollestonecraft

    The Cuban Botanical Illustrations of Nancy Kingsbury Wollestonecraft

    The Cuban Botanical illustrations (1819- 1828) of Nancy Kingsbury Wollstonecraft (1781-1828) at Cornell University Ithaca, New York Emilio Cueto University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida November 8, 2018 Cornell University, October 16, 2018 Judith Russell (UF) and Emilio Cueto Preliminary Progress Report Pieces of the puzzle • “Mrs. Walstoncraft” • “Mrs. Wolstoncraft” • “Mary Wolstoncraft” • “A.K. Wollestonecroft” • “Anne Kingsbury Wollestonecroft” • “D´Anville” (pseudonym) • “Nancy Kingsbury Wollestonecraft” Cuba and her neighbors/ Cuba y sus vecinos The beginnings • Columbus (Diary, 1492/ 1825) • Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo (Historia General y Natural de las Indias Occidentales, 1535) • IMAGES • Francisco Hernández, Philip II´s physician. 1570. Cuba, Mexico. Ms. Burnt in Escorial fire (1671) Carl Linnaeus (Sweden, 1707-1778) SPECIES PLANTARUM Holmia [Stockholm, Estocolmo], 1753 “Ancestry.com” for plants PIONEERS OF CUBAN BOTANICAL ILLUSTRATIONS 1763-1827: 144 ills. Only 49 printed when made • 1763. Nikolaus Jacquin (1727-1817). Printed. 29 ills. • 1795-1796. Atanasio Echevarría (1769?-1820s?). Expedition of Martín de Sesé (1751-1808) and José Mariano Mociño (1757-1819). Ms. 14 ills. • 1796-1802. José Guío. Expedition of Conde de Mopox. Ms. 66 ills. • 1790s. Olof Swartz (1760/1818). Printed. 1 ill. • 1801, 1804. Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859). Printed. 12 ills. • 1802-1824. Curtis´s Botanical Magazine. Printed. 4 ills. • 1804. Antonio Joseph Cavanilles (1745-1804). Royal Botanical Garden in Madrid. Ms. 14 ills. • 1816-27. Pancrace Bessa (1772-1835). Printed. 1 ill. • 1819. Rafael Gomez Rombaud. Tobacco plant. Ms. 1 ill. • 1827. Michel Etienne Descourtilz (1775-1835/38). Printed 2 ill. 1763. Nikolaus Jacquin (Dutch, 1727-1817). Visited Cuba in the 1750s. 29 printed ills Pl.