Kronologi & Sejarah Penting Negara 1786

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Kronologi & Sejarah Penting Negara 1786 KRONOLOGI & SEJARAH PENTING NEGARA 1786 – 2003 1786 Sir Francis Light tiba dari Britain dan memperoleh Pulau Pinang daripada Sultan Kedah. 1819 Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles membuka pelabuhan perdagangan bebas untuk Britain di Singapura. 1824 Perjanjian Inggeris-Belanda ditandatangani. Belanda secara rasmi menyerahkan Melaka kepada Inggeris. 1826 Singapura, Melaka dan Pulau Pinang disatukan di bawah pentadbiran Inggeris dengan panggilan Negeri-negeri Selat. 1832 Singapura dijadikan ibu negeri bagi Negeri-negeri Selat. 1841 James Brooke menjadi Rajah Putih atau Rajah Sarawak. 1881 Syarikat Berpiagam Borneo Utara menubuhkan pejabat di Borneo Utara (sekarang Sabah). 1888 Borneo Utara, Brunei dan Sarawak menerima perlindungan British. 1896 British menubuhkan Negeri-negeri Melayu Bersekutu terdiri daripada Perak, Negeri Sembilan, Selangor dan Pahang. 1905 Maktab Melayu Kuala Kangsar ditubuhkan bertujuan menyediakan pendidikan kepada bakal-bakal pentadbir dalam kerajaan British. 1915-1941 Tanda-tanda awal semangat nasionalisme mula dirasai bila British mengamalkan dasar pecah dan perintah. 1922 Maktab Perguruan Sultan Idris dibuka di Tanjung Malim, Perak. 1931 Sekolah Pertainian Tanah Melayu dibuka di Serdang, Selangor. 1941-1945 Perang Dunia Kedua merebak ke Tanah Melayu dengan ketibaan dan pendudukan Jepun yang penuh ketakutan, kesengsaraan dan tragedi. 1945 Jepun menyerah kalah, menandakan berakhirnya Perang Dunia Kedua. British kembali ke Tanah Melayu. 1946 British merencanakan Kesatuan Tanah Melayu (Malayan Union) tetapi dibantah keras orang-orang Melayu. 1946 Datuk Onn Jaafar mengasaskan Persatuan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu (UMNO). 1948 Perjanjian Persekutuan Tanah Melayu ditandatangani. Permulaan zaman Darurat, iaitu pemberontakan pengganas komunis selama 12 tahun. Page 2 1948 Institusi pengajian tinggi awam pertama di Tanah Melayu, Universiti Malaya dibuka di Kolej Perubatan Raffles, Singapura. 1952 UMNO dan Persatuan Cina Tanah Melayu (MCA) berganding dalam pilihan raya bandaran pertama di Kuala Lumpur. 1953 Parti Perikatan yang menggabungkan UMNO, MCA dan Kongres India Sa- Tanah Melayu (MIC) ditubuhkan. 1954 Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra mengetuai rombongan ke Britain untuk menuntut kemerdekaan, namun tidak begitu berjaya. 1955 Pilihan Raya pertama bagi Semenanjung Tanah Melayu diadakan dengan lancar dan berakhir dengan kemenangan besar bagi Perikatan. Tunku Abdul Rahman dipilih menjadi Ketua Menteri Persekutuan Tanah Melayu yang pertama. 1956 Tunku Abdul Rahman sekali lagi mengetuai rombongan ke London untuk mengadakan rundingan kemerdekaan. Britain bersetuju memberikan kemerdekaan. kepada Tanah Melayu pada 31 Ogos 1957. 1956 Sekembali dari London, Tunku Abdul Rahman mengumumkan tarikh kemerdekaan di Padang Bandar Hilir, Melaka. 1956 Suruhanjaya Reid ditubuhkan untuk merumus dan memperhalusi draf Perlembagaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu. Perikatan menyerahkan memorandum yang dipanggil Pakatan Murni, yang mengusulkan tolak ansur antara kaum di negara ini. Memorandum ini menyentuh lima perkara utama iaitu kedudukan Raja-Raja Melayu, kedudukan agama Islam, kedudukan bahasa Melayu, kedudukan istimewa orang Melayu dan kerakyatan sama rata.. 1957 Tanah Melayu mencapai kemerdekaan daripada British. Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra menjadi Perdana Menteri pertama manakala Dato’ Abd Razak Hussein menjadi timbalannya. 1957 Majlis Raja-raja berkenan memilih gelaran “Yang di-Pertuan Agong” bagi Ketua Negara Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, dan Yang Dipertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan Tuanku Abdul Rahman Ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad dipilih menjadi Yang di- Pertuan Agong pertama. 1959 Yang di-Pertuan Agong merasmikan kampus Universiti Malaya di Kuala Lumpur. 1961 Tunku Abdul Rahman mengusulkan penubuhan Malaysia, yang merangkumi Semenanjung Tanah Melayu, Singapura, Brunei, Borneo Utara dan Sarawak. 1963 Kelahiran negara baru yang diberi nama Malaysia, meliputi Semenanjung Malaysia, Singapura, Sabah (dahulunya Borneo Utara) dan Sarawak. 1965 Singapura keluar dari Malaysia lalu menjadi sebuah negara merdeka. 1969 Rusuhan kaum tercetus di Kuala Lumpur selepas Pilihan Raya Persekutuan. Keadaan darurat diisytiharkan dan Majlis Gerakan Negara (MAGERAN) ditubuhkan, Page 3 diketuai Dato’ Abd Razak. Di bawah MAGERAN, keamanan dipulihkan dan urusan seharian kembali seperti sedia kala di ibu negara. 1970 Tunku Abdul Rahman meletakkan jawatan. Dato’ Abd Razak mengambil alih sebagai Perdana Menteri Kedua. 1970 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia dibuka di Kuala Lumpur. 1970 Dasar Ekonomi Baru diperkenalkan bagi mewujudkan keseimbangan ekonomi di kalangan rakyat. 1971 Tunku Abdul Rahman dipilih menjadi Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Persidangan Islam (OIC) yang pertama. 1976 Tun Abd Razak meninggal dunia di London. Dato’ Hussein Onn menggantikan tempatnya sebagai Perdana Menteri Ketiga. 1981 Dato’ Hussein Onn meletak jawatan dan melantik Dato’ Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamad sebagai Perdana Menteri keempat. 1985 Malaysia memulakan peralihan ekonomi dari yang berasaskan pertanian ke ekonomi berasaskan industri kilang. Kereta nasional pertama, Proton Saga dikeluarkan dari kilang pembuatan di Shah Alam. 1996 Malaysia melancarkan satelit pertamanya, Malaysia East Asia Satellite (MEASAT) dan siaran TV satelit pertama. 1997 Sistem Transit Rel Ringan (LRT) pertama negara dilancarkan di Kuala Lumpur. 1997 Menara Berkembar Petronas di Kuala Lumpur setinggi 425m muncul sebagai bangunan tertinggi di dunia. 1998 Kegawatan ekonomi melanda dunia, namun Kuala Lumpur berjaya menjadi ibukota negara Asia pertama menjadi tuan rumah Sukan Komanwel. 1999 Putrajaya mengambil alih peranan Kuala Lumpur sebagai Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan. 1999 Sistem transit rel ringan automatik tanpa pemandu terpanjang di dunia, Putra- LRT dilancarkan di Kuala Lumpur dan kawasan sub-bandarnya. 1999 Litar Antarabangsa Sepang dibuka; Malaysia menganjurkan Grand Prix Formula Satu buat kali pertama, yang ditaja syarikat minyak negara, Petronas. 2000 Malaysia menyambut alaf baru sambil melangkah keluar dari kemelesetan ekonomi dengan daya dan gaya tersendiri. 2003 Malaysia menjadi tuan rumah kepada Sidang Kemuncak XIII Pergerakan Negara-negara Berkecuali (NAM) di Kuala Lumpur. 2003 Malaysia menjadi tuan rumah kepada Sesi Ke-10 Sidang Kemuncak Pertubuhan Persidangan Islam (OIC) di Putrajaya. Page 4 2003 Dato’ Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamad menyerahkan kepimpinan Malaysia kepada Dato’ Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi dalam satu peralihan kuasa yang berjalan lancar. francis light Pulau Kesatu in Penang History was also known in the 15th century by Admiral Cheng Ho because Tamils traded pinang (areca nut). The Portuguese, who stopped at Batu Feringgi (Foreigner's Rock) or present day term Batu Ferringhi to refill their ships with fresh water saw Pulo Pinaom on their maps. On August 1786, Francis Light, a trader for the East India Company planted a British flag. He named the once Pulo Pinang, Prince of Wales Island in honour of the heir to the British throne. Penang then became part of India in Penang History. The cape was formerly known as Tanjong Penaigre as the hardy ironwood called penaga, which Francis Light induced the early settlers to clear. Captain Francis Light landed in Penang. Photos courtesy from David Teoh Locals would called Georgetown, Tanjong till today. In Penang History, it was said he made the early settlers clear the north eastern cape George Town by firing a cannon full of coins into the forest. He then taught them to make cannon balls. Penang or Pulau Kesatu was once part of the Malay sultanate of Kedah. Despite Kedah early efforts to gain peace with the Siamese King by giving Bunga Emas between 1821 to 1906, Pulau Pinang (the land of the betel nut) was exchanged for military protection from the Siamese and the Burmese armies who were threatening Kedah. A total of 32 Bunga Emas and Perak was presented throughout the period, each about 1.5m in height. Cannon balls in Penang. Photos courtesy from David Teoh The Sultan did not know that Captain Francis Light promised military protection without the approval of the East India Company. When East India Company failed to help Kedah when it was attacked by Siam, the Sultan tried to retake the island in 1790. All efforts failed, and the Sultan was forced to cede the island to the Company for 6,000 Spanish dollars yearly. With Province Wellesley added to Penang, it was increased to 10,000 dollars in 1800. To this day, an annual honorarium of 10,000 ringgits continues to be paid by the Malaysian Federal Government to the state of Kedah. In 1826, Penang, along with Malacca and Singapore, became part of the Straits Settlements under the British administration in India, moving to direct British colonial rule in 1867 in Penang History. Early Pulau Kesatu Locals. Photos courtesy of David Teoh The traders in early Penang History bought pepper, clove, nutmeg, gambier, ivory and more stuff of the archipelago for selling to the early settlers traders of Europe, America, Arabia, India and China ships. The Chinese would mostly purchased areca nuts, bird's nest and tin. The British traded wool, chintzes and opium for spices. By the mid 19th century, the tin rush created the influx of Chinese coolies into the Malay states of Perak, Selangor and Johor. In 1867, the control of the Straits Settlement was transferred from India to the Colonial Office in Singapore, and then Suez Canal was opened in 1869, helped speed up Penang's recovery. Read about the intrigues of the Taochiews of Province Wellesley in Johor history.Troubles between the locals Malays sultans and Chinese triads of the Ghee
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