DOCSLIB.ORG

The Andaman Sea Jelly Fishery

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Andaman Sea Jelly Fishery THE NEWSLETTER OF THE FISHERIES CENTRE – UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA VOLUME 12 ISSUE 1 J ANUARY/FEBRUARY 2006 The Andaman Sea jelly fishery: resiliency and adaptability of longtail fishers following the tsunami by Brian Crawford and Chris Dunbar Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island and Theerachai Haitook Asian Institute of Technology A while ago, Daniel Pauly came to University of coast have been working to Rhode Island and presented a lecture on fishing re-establish fishing liveli- down the aquatic food chain, based on his article hoods. The Thai govern- in Science demonstrating that as top trophic levels ment and numerous donors are intensively fished, the fishery moves to have provided compensa- targeting ever lower and lower trophic levels. He tion and replacement of jokingly said during his presentation “ We will all longtail fishing vessels and be eating jelly fish soon!” Well, that day has now gear lost during the tsu- come in nami. Fishers have reported Thailand some unusual changes in in the the fisheries and that they In this issue... A fishing boat loaded with jellyfish. Andaman Photo by Brian Crawford. attribute to the tsunami. Jelly fishing in the coastal One of these is the Andaman Sea fishery. Over the Andaman Sea jelly fishery which is proving to be a last several serendipitous bonanza for the local fishers, helping them months, almost recover from losses incurred over the previous year. Fishers Monitoring sea lice on all fishers with report that this unique fishery has been ongoing in the area salmon farms longtail boats for approximately 10 years during the October to February (replaced after the period but that catches this season have been significantly Chuck Hollingworth December 26, greater than at any time in the past. Almost all fishers with passes away 2006, Indian longtail boats replaced after the Indian Ocean Tsunami have Ocean tsunami) taken advantage of the unusually high abundance of jellyfish. Aboriginal fisheries have taken One fisher remarked it is more than he has seen in over forty advantage of an years of fishing. Boats are loaded so full of jellyfish that their logo contest unusual abun- hulls ride extremely low on the water. Almost every boat dance of jellyfish. observed entering one landing site in Suk Samran District in And, as always, lots of Following the January 2006 contained a full hold of jellyfish. Abundant News and Notes! tsunami, many processing tanks have sprung up along the beaches and in fishers along the the mangroves near every fishing village. Andaman Sea Continued on page 2 - Jellyfish FishBytes – January/February 2006 Page 2 Jellyfish - Continued from page 1 tarpaulin. Jellyfish are put in the tank, allowed to cool. They are then sea- The exploited jellyfish average between where they are processed over a five- soned with lime juice, vinegar, crushed 14-16 inches in diameter and float near day period with a mixture of bicarbo- fresh chili, garlic, shallots, fish sauce, the surface. They are scooped up with a nate of soda, salt and alum. They are and sugar added to taste. dip net with fairly large mesh size and moved from different ‘baths’ once a day The jelly fishery was not even deposited in the central hull portion of - the first day in salt and alum, the mentioned by fisher participants in the boat. Netting is placed fore and aft second in a mixture of salt, alum and community PRA exercises conducted in to provide a hold. Therefore, gear costs bicarbonate of soda, and the next three June of 2005 in Suk Samran. However, to enter the fishery are extremely low, days in salt. There is no wastage as the the rapid move into the jelly fishery by explaining why so many fishers have tentacles and bells are all used. Local almost every fisher several months later taken advantage of the fishery. The processors sell the final product to a demonstrates a good deal of adaptabil- fishery is very profitable with fishers firm in Ranong where they are pack- ity and resilience within these coastal reportedly making between 2,000 – aged with labels in Korean, Japanese rural fishing communities. As a new 4000 Baht per day (US$50-100). Each and Chinese. Processed jellyfish are resource abruptly presents itself in jellyfish weighs between 2-3 kg and is exported to Asian markets, but the unusual abundance, fishers quickly sold for 4 Baht off the boat to local delicacy is also found in local restau- change fishing tactics to take advantage processors. rants and on the dining tables of local of a profitable, even if short term, Jellyfish are processed in simple fishers. Before cooking, processed opportunity. Fishers are now gearing up tanks, approximately 3 m2 in size. The jellyfish need to be thoroughly soaked for the onset of the squid fishery as the tank frame is made of bamboo with and rinsed to remove preservative salt. jelly fishery winds down. lining made of blue or black waterproof They are boiled for 10 minutes and A jellyfish being scooped. Holding tanks for processing the jellyfish. Photos by Brian Crawford In Memoriam: Dr Chuck Hollingworth It is with great sadness that we To commemorate Chuck’s life and report that Dr Chuck Hollingworth work, a fund to create a prize in his passed away in his sleep at his memory has been established at the home in Montreal on 18 December, University of Wales in Bangor. An 2005. annual prize will be given to the best undergraduate research project write up in the School of Biological Sciences, where Chuck gave his ‘Scientific Writing’ courses and had his office. Anyone wishing to contribute to the fund should contact XXXXXX Chuck was a friend and colleague to many in the Fisheries Centre and will be greatly missed..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • This Keyword List Contains Indian Ocean Place Names of Coral Reefs, Islands, Bays and Other Geographic Features in a Hierarchical Structure
    CoRIS Place Keyword Thesaurus by Ocean - 8/9/2016 Indian Ocean This keyword list contains Indian Ocean place names of coral reefs, islands, bays and other geographic features in a hierarchical structure. For example, the first name on the list - Bird Islet - is part of the Addu Atoll, which is in the Indian Ocean. The leading label - OCEAN BASIN - indicates this list is organized according to ocean, sea, and geographic names rather than country place names. The list is sorted alphabetically. The same names are available from “Place Keywords by Country/Territory - Indian Ocean” but sorted by country and territory name. Each place name is followed by a unique identifier enclosed in parentheses. The identifier is made up of the latitude and longitude in whole degrees of the place location, followed by a four digit number. The number is used to uniquely identify multiple places that are located at the same latitude and longitude. For example, the first place name “Bird Islet” has a unique identifier of “00S073E0013”. From that we see that Bird Islet is located at 00 degrees south (S) and 073 degrees east (E). It is place number 0013 at that latitude and longitude. (Note: some long lines wrapped, placing the unique identifier on the following line.) This is a reformatted version of a list that was obtained from ReefBase. OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean > Addu Atoll > Bird Islet (00S073E0013) OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean > Addu Atoll > Bushy Islet (00S073E0014) OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean > Addu Atoll > Fedu Island (00S073E0008)
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 13 Anatomy of the Andaman–Nicobar Subduction System From
    Downloaded from http://mem.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 29, 2021 Chapter 13 Anatomy of the Andaman–Nicobar subduction system from seismic reflection data SATISH C. SINGH* & RAPHAE¨ LE MOEREMANS Laboratoire de Geoscience Marine, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris Cedex 05, France *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The Andaman–Nicobar subduction system is the northwestern segment of the Sunda subduction system, where the Indian Plate subducts beneath the Sunda Plate in a nearly arc-parallel direction. The entire segment ruptured during the 2004 great Andaman–Sumatra earthquake (Mw ¼ 9.3). Using recently acquired high-resolution seismic reflection data, we charac- terize the shallow structure of the whole Andaman–Nicobar subduction system from west to east, starting from the nature of the subducting plate in the Bay of Bengal to back-arc spreading in the Andaman Sea. We find that the Ninety-East Ridge is overlain by thick continental margin sediments beneath the recent Bengal Fan sediments. The boundary between these two sedimentary units defines the plate interface. We observe evidence of re-activation of fracture zones on the subducting plate beneath the forearc, influencing the morphology of the upper plate. The forearc region, which includes the accretionary wedge, the forearc high and the forearc basin, is exceptionally wide (250 km). We observe an unusually large bathymetric depression within the forearc high. The forearc high is bounded in the east by a normal fault, whereas the forearc basin contains an active backthrust. The forearc basin is floored by the continental crust of Malayan Peninsula origin.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Physical Aspects of the Surface Waters Around the Little Andaman
    Indian Journal of Marine Sciences Vo\. 10, September 1981, pp. 221-227 Some Physical Aspects of the Surface Waters around the Little Andaman . Island ..., C S MURTY, P K DAS & A D GOUVEIA National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004 Received 15 December 1980; revised received 27 April 1981 Along with the thermal and haline characteristics of the waters during the peak northeast monsoon period (February), observations on stratifications, inversions, mixed layers, nature and depth of thermocline, wind-induced surface drifts, zones of surface and sub-surface salinity parameters are discussed. The major objective, however, is to present the surface water circulation pattern around this island. It is shown that the surface water around this island flows towards the SSW from the NNE and that the surface water characteristics such as Hienature of the mixed layer and the deepening of the mixed layer on the southwestern side of the island result not only as a 'lee' effect but also lends further evidence to the fact that the waters on the western side of the Andaman Island arc as a whole are slightly different from the waters on the eastern side i.e. the Andaman Sea water. Oceanic Islands or rather a group of islands, far away oceanic islands (barring a few) is the yearly cycle of the from continental margins, significantly influence, N-E and S-W monsoonal wind systems reversing the modify and change the general physico-chemical atmospheric circulation and the surface currents of the properties of the wateJ!.6around them mainly by Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea from December changing the general circulation patterns and the to April and June to October with intervening associated stratification-mixing processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Magma Genesis at Andaman Volcanic Arc Regime, North- Eastern Indian Ocean: Role of Slab-Mantle Interaction
    Article 323 by Abhishek Saha*, Abhay V. Mudholkar, and K.A. Kamesh Raju Magma genesis at Andaman volcanic arc regime, North- eastern Indian Ocean: Role of slab-mantle interaction CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa- 403004, India; *Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] (Received : 29/11/2018; Revised accepted : 23/05/2019) https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020019 This study reports new petrological and geochemical slab that collectively account for variable extents of ocean-crust-mantle data of submarine volcanic rocks dredged from the interactions, generation of juvenile crust, hydrothermal activity, ore Andaman arc, northeastern Indian Ocean and evaluates mineralization and magmatism (McCulloch and Gamble, 1991; Stern, 2002; Tatsumi, 2005). The elemental fractionation between the their petrogenetic and tectonic implications. The studied subducted oceanic slab and mantle wedge, the different stages of samples exhibit wide range of compositions including subduction from initiation to maturation and associated melt basalts, andesites, dacites and rhyolites depicting BADR generation processes account for the diverse compositional spectra trend of magmatic differentiation. The basalts are of arc magmatism. The diagnostic geochemical features of arc magmas porphyritic and composed of calcic plagioclase including island arc tholeiites (IAT), calc-alkaline basalt-andesite- phenocrysts embedded in the groundmass consisting of dacite-rhyolite (BADR) associations, boninites, arc picrites, siliceous high-Mg basalts (SHMB), adakites, high-Mg andesites (HMA) and plagioclase, clinopyroxene and volcanic glass. Andesite Nb-enriched basalts (NEB) are influenced by the tectonic framework and dacites comprise clusters of plagioclase are along the arc, geometry of the subducting plate, modification and phenocrysts embedded in glassy ground mass depicting enrichment of depleted mantle wedge by influx of materials released glomeroporphyritic and vitrophyric textures.
    [Show full text]
  • Thailand National Report
    Thailand National Report The importance of meteorology for more advanced navigation has been recognized since it was introduced to Thailand for the first time by the Royal Thai Navy. Somehow, safety in all weather conditions is the most desirable factor sought after by hectic ferry and barge operations for both domestic and international trades as well as related industries which are the foundation of the national prosperity nowadays. For that reason, the Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) provides the marine meteorological services to serve international shipping, marine fisheries, oil- drilling industry, water transportation, and offshore recreation. Marine weather forecasts for shipping are issued twice a day at the TMD’s Headquarters in Bangkok. They contain warnings of wind forces at the sea surface level and above, a synopsis of significant meteorological features, and 24-hour forecasts of weather and sea states of 5 marine areas in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea. The Boundaries of areas used in weather bulletins for merchant shipping and coastal weather are shown on the left. These forecasts are broadcasted via NAVTEX, an international broadcasting system for disseminating navigational information by the coastal radio broadcasting stations for ships plying in the region. Figure 1 Once a tropical cyclone entered the tropical cyclone warning areas under the responsibility of Thailand (bounded by the latitudes 5 N and 14 N and the longitudes 97 E and 112 E) as shown in the left figure, the TMD issues additional warnings for shipping at the 3-hourly intervals giving detailed information on the location, intensity, and forecast movement of the tropical cyclone together with wind and wave conditions associated with it.
    [Show full text]
  • Andaman Sea by Global Ocean Associates Prepared for the Office of Naval Research - Code 322PO
    An Atlas of Oceanic Internal Solitary Waves (May 2002) The Andaman Sea by Global Ocean Associates Prepared for the Office of Naval Research - Code 322PO Andaman Sea Overview The Andaman Sea is located along the eastern side of the Indian Ocean between the Malay Peninsula and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Figure 1). It is a deep-water sea with exits to the Indian Ocean (to the west) and the Strait of Malacca (to the south). Figure 1. Bathymetry of Andaman Sea [Smith and Sandwell, 1997]. 485 An Atlas of Oceanic Internal Solitary Waves (May 2002) The Andaman Sea by Global Ocean Associates Prepared for the Office of Naval Research - Code 322PO Observations As far back as the mid-19th century surface manifestations of solitons have been observed consisting of strong bands of sea surface roughness. These bands were referred to as "ripplings", due to their mistaken association with rip tides. A description of such bands can be found in the book of Maury [1861] published in 1861 and which is quoted in Osborne and Burch [1980]: "In the entrance of the Malacca Straits, near Nicobar and Acheen Islands, and between them and Junkseylon, there are often strong ripplings, particularly in the southwest monsoon; these are alarming to persons unacquainted, for the broken water makes a great noise when the ship is passing through the ripplings at night. In most places ripplings are thought to be produced by strong currents, but here they are frequently seen when there is no perceptible current…so as to produce an error in the course and distance sailed, yet the surface if the water is impelled forward by some undiscovered cause.
    [Show full text]
  • General Circulation in the Malacca Strait and Andaman Sea: a Numerical Model Study
    American Journal of Environmental Science, 2012, 8 (5), 479-488 ISSN: 1553-345X ©2012 Science Publication doi:10.3844/ajessp.2012.479.488 Published Online 8 (5) 2012 (http://www.thescipub.com/ajes.toc) General Circulation in the Malacca Strait and Andaman Sea: A Numerical Model Study 1Syamsul Rizal, 2Peter Damm, 1Mulyadi A. Wahid, 2Jurgen Sundermann, 1Yopi Ilhamsyah, 3Taufiq Iskandar and 1Muhammad 1Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia 2Institut fur Meereskunde, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstr. 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany 3Jurusan Matematika, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia Received 2012-05-10, Revised 2012-08-11; Accepted 2012-08-11 ABSTRACT In the Andaman Sea and Malacca Strait, as in other parts of the Indian Ocean, the seasonal change of the wind plays a most important role: the south-west (hereafter SW) is monsoon active from June through September and the north-east (hereafter NE) monsoon is active from December through February. During the NE monsoon the winds are directed from the north and northeast to the south-west, and during the SW monsoon from the south-west to the north-east. Strong winds between June and September lead to maximum rainfall over most parts of the Indian subcontinent. These areas are also greatly influenced by the tides. The circulation in the Andaman Sea and the Malacca Strait is simulated with a three-dimensional baroclinic primitive equation model. In order to run the model, the HAMSOM model is used. The model is forced by tides at the open boundaries as well as by wind and heat flux.
    [Show full text]
  • General Circulation and Principal Wave Modes in Andaman Sea from Observations
    ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 10(24), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2017/v10i24/115764, June 2017 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645 General Circulation and Principal Wave Modes in Andaman Sea from Observations S.R. Kiran* Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Devasandra Layout Bangalore – 560012, Karnataka, India; [email protected] Abstract Objectives: This study intends to describe the Andaman Sea circulation and investigate the dominant modes of variability in the basin. Analysis/Observations: The domain experiences stronger South-westerly winds from May to September and relatively weaker North-easterlies from November to February. A strong negative Ekman pumping along the north coast of Indonesia is observed during Summer. The transport of water across the straits of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI) is computed by simple mass balance and is found to be in phase with the monthly averaged Mean Sea Level Anomalies (MSLA) of Andaman Sea. intensify along the easternThere boundary occurs of high the surfacebasin and outflux are associatedthrough Great with channel signatures and ofTen-Degree downwelling. channel Findings: in Summer. Intense In downApril and welling October, occurs rate to of the transport north coast through of Indonesia the straits during is maximum. Summer, Duringlocally forcedthe same by months,south-westerlies. meridional There surface occurs currents large jets remotely force Kelvin waves of downwelling nature in the basin during April and October. The circulation in Andaman Seainflux is ofcharacterised water into Andaman by gyres orSea vortices, between which April isand the November manifestation through of Rossby the straits waves between of semi-annual the islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Andaman Sea Ecoregion Geographic Location: Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India), Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand
    WWF International Corals Initiative Andaman Sea ecoregion Geographic location: Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India), Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand Biodiversity features the northern Indian Ocean. Dugongs have also been The Andaman Sea ecoregion is biologically rich in both recorded throughout the region, and the Irrawaddy dol- diversity and abundance. This high biodiversity is phin swims the Thai and Malaysian waters. Whale encountered from genes to individuals to species, habi- sharks, coconut crabs, various dolphins, and blue and tats, and ecosystems. The coral reefs, mangroves, sea sperm whales are some of the other marine animals that grass beds, marine lakes and deep sea valleys of the form this rich diversity of fauna. region form a constellation of diverse habitats that sup- port a spectacular variety of flora and fauna. Much of this The human dimension remains to be investigated or fully documented. Perched on the western edge of Southeast Asia, the southern realm of the Andaman Sea ecoregion in Thai- In India, the Andaman and Nicobar islands are the coun- land and Malaysia, has been affected both positively and try's most important coral reef resources and the largest negatively by the region's economic cycles. The growth block of coral cover in South Asia. Fringing reefs domi- in nature based tourism in the 1970s brought both nate, surrounding most of the 500 islands, although iso- wealth and the related challenges of conserving the natu- lated outcrops and extensive communities growing on ral beauty from unrestrained development. Fishing is rocky shores and vertical granite walls also are frequently another key activity throughout the region, both for com- found.
    [Show full text]
  • Mangrove Phenology and Environmental Drivers Derived from Remote Sensing in Southern Thailand
    remote sensing Article Mangrove Phenology and Environmental Drivers Derived from Remote Sensing in Southern Thailand Veeranun Songsom 1, Werapong Koedsin 1,2,* , Raymond J. Ritchie 1 and Alfredo Huete 1,3 1 Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Phuket 83120, Thailand; [email protected] (V.S.); [email protected] (R.J.R.); [email protected] (A.H.) 2 Andaman Environment and Natural Disaster Research Center (ANED), Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Wat Songkhla 90110, Thailand 3 School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +66-950-438-880 Received: 25 February 2019; Accepted: 11 April 2019; Published: 22 April 2019 Abstract: Vegetation phenology is the annual cycle timing of vegetation growth. Mangrove phenology is a vital component to assess mangrove viability and includes start of season (SOS), end of season (EOS), peak of season (POS), and length of season (LOS). Potential environmental drivers include air temperature (Ta), surface temperature (Ts), sea surface temperature (SST), rainfall, sea surface salinity (SSS), and radiation flux (Ra). The Enhanced vegetation index (EVI) was calculated from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, MOD13Q1) data over five study sites between 2003 and 2012. Four of the mangrove study sites were located on the Malay Peninsula on the Andaman Sea and one site located on the Gulf of Thailand. The goals of this study were to characterize phenology patterns across equatorial Thailand Indo-Malay mangrove forests, identify climatic and aquatic drivers of mangrove seasonality, and compare mangrove phenologies with surrounding upland tropical forests.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytoplankton Biomass Dynamics in the Strait of Malacca Within
    Remote Sens. 2014, 6, 2718-2742; doi:10.3390/rs6042718 OPEN ACCESS remote sensing ISSN 2072-4292 www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing Article Phytoplankton Biomass Dynamics in the Strait of Malacca within the Period of the SeaWiFS Full Mission: Seasonal Cycles, Interannual Variations and Decadal-Scale Trends Eko Siswanto 1,* and Katsuhisa Tanaka 2 1 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-Cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan 2 National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, 5-7-1 Orido, Shimizu ward, Shizuoka 424-8633, Japan; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-468-679-822; Fax: +81-46-867-9455. Received: 6 January 2014; in revised form: 3 March 2014 / Accepted: 17 March 2014 / Published: 25 March 2014 Abstract: Seasonal cycles, interannual variations and decadal trends of Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS)-retrieved chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) in the Strait of Malacca (SM) were investigated with reconstructed, cloud-free SeaWiFS Chl-a during the period of the SeaWiFS full mission (September 1997 to December 2010). Pixel-based non-parametric correlations of SeaWiFS Chl-a on environmental variables were used to identify the probable causes of the observed spatio-temporal variations of SeaWiFS Chl-a in northern, middle and southern regions of the SM. Chl-a was high (low) during the northeast (southwest) monsoon. The principal causes of the seasonality were wind-driven vertical mixing in the northern region and wind-driven coastal upwelling and possibly river discharges in the middle region.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY FORUM Pacific Environmental Security Forum Proposal for 2020
    2020 SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY FORUM Pacific Environmental Security Forum Proposal for 2020 CDR LAZARO ERNESTO VALDEZ JR PCG J.D LLM Chief of Staff, National Coast Watch Center Office of the President, Republic of the Philippines 17 Seas Andaman Sea Arafura Sea TOTAL SEA Balabac Strait SURFACE AREA: Banda Sea Celebes Sea Flores Sea Gulf of Tonkin COMBINED Gulf of Thailand COASTAL LENGTH: Java Sea Malacca Strait Makassar Strait Molucca Sea Philippine Sea SUPPORTS South China Sea Sulu Sea Timor Sea Visayan Sea 17 Seas SEA Maritime Domain Andaman Sea is recognized as: the FAUNISTIC CENTRE Arafura Sea of the entire Indo-Pacific Balabac Strait Banda Sea a GLOBAL MARINE Celebes Sea BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT Flores Sea Gulf of Tonkin GLOBAL HOTSPOT Gulf of Thailand Java Sea for coral reefs Malacca Strait Makassar Strait Molucca Sea 80% of the world’s 50% of seagrass Philippine Sea hard corals species South China Sea Sulu Sea Timor Sea 60% of mangrove species Visayan Sea 17 Seas very rich and important Andaman Sea INCOME SOURCE and RESOURCE FOR SEAFOOD Arafura Sea e.g. South China Sea Balabac Strait Banda Sea Celebes Sea over 3 million people <> 300 million people Flores Sea per day rely on fishing for their main dependent on the SCS for nutrition income sources and socioeconomic well-being Gulf of Tonkin Gulf of Thailand Java Sea Malacca Strait Makassar Strait Molucca Sea Philippine Sea South China Sea Sulu Sea Timor Sea Visayan Sea mid-1960S RAPID ECONOMIC FAST-EXPANDING GROWTH POPULATION Major CAUSES of Marine Environmental Degradation HUMAN ACTIVITIES/ NATURAL PHENOMENON ANTHROPOGENIC 1 PRESSURES 2 CLIMATE 3 CHANGE “MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA” Environmental Activism Marine Environmental Concerns in SEA Marine Environmental Activism in SEA Future of Marine Environmental Activism in SEA THANK YOU AND MABUHAY!!!.
    [Show full text]