DOCSLIB.ORG

Comparative Ecology and Physiology of Australian And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Comparative Ecology and Physiology of Australian And COMPARATIVE ECOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF AUSTRALIAN AND BRAZILIAN MISTLETOE -HOST RELATIONSHIPS MARINA CORRÊA SCALON , BS C, MS C Thesis submitted in fulfil of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science Macquarie University Sydney, Australia May 2015 2 “Now, here, you see, it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place. If you want to get somewhere else, you must run at least twice as fast as that!” Lewis Carroll – Alice Through the Looking Glass 4 Table of contents Table of contents Figure list 9 Table list 13 Summary 15 Certificate of candidate 17 Acknowledgements 19 Statement of contribution 21 Chapter 1. General Introduction 23 General Introduction .................................................................................................... 25 Background .................................................................................................................... 25 The haustorium ...................................................................................................... 27 Differences between parasitic and non-parasitic angiosperms ............................. 27 Thesis outline ................................................................................................................. 30 References ...................................................................................................................... 35 Chapter 2. A global analysis of water and nitrogen relationship between mistletoes and their hosts: broad-scale tests of old and enduring hypotheses* 43 Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 45 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 47 Material and Methods ................................................................................................... 51 Data Analyses ........................................................................................................ 53 Results ............................................................................................................................. 53 Environmental effects ............................................................................................. 58 5 Table of contents Discussion ....................................................................................................................... 58 Water use efficiency and the N-parasitism hypothesis .......................................... 59 Mimicry hypothesis ................................................................................................ 61 Family differences between mistletoe traits ........................................................... 63 References ...................................................................................................................... 80 Supplemental Data ........................................................................................................ 90 Chapter 3. Photosynthetic trait adaptations of parasitic mistletoes and their hosts in sites of contrasting aridity 103 Abstract ........................................................................................................................ 105 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 106 Material and Methods ................................................................................................. 109 Sites descriptions ................................................................................................. 110 Traits measurement .............................................................................................. 116 Data analyses ....................................................................................................... 117 Results .......................................................................................................................... 117 Trait patterning with site aridity .......................................................................... 117 Trait differences between mistletoes and their hosts ........................................... 118 Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 124 Similar trait adaptation to aridity in mistletoes and hosts .................................. 124 Higher N area and P area at arid sites ...................................................................... 126 Mistletoes higher respiration costs ...................................................................... 127 Conclusions .................................................................................................................. 130 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... 131 References .................................................................................................................... 138 6 Table of contents Chapter 4. Nutrient resorption in mistletoes from three low-P sites in Australia and Brazil 149 Abstract ........................................................................................................................ 151 Material and Methods ................................................................................................. 156 Sites descriptions ................................................................................................. 160 Leaf trait measurements ....................................................................................... 161 Data Analyses ...................................................................................................... 162 Results ........................................................................................................................... 163 Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 170 Nutrient resorption and implications for the N-parasitism hypothesis ............... 170 Differences in nutrient economy between mistletoes vs. non-parasitic plants .... 172 Resorption and functional trait relationships ...................................................... 174 Resorption and implications for litter .................................................................. 175 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 176 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... 177 References .................................................................................................................... 188 Chapter 5. Leaf lifespan, herbivory and leaf defence investment in mistletoes and their hosts 197 Abstract ........................................................................................................................ 199 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 201 Material and Methods ................................................................................................. 206 Leaf traits ............................................................................................................. 208 Leaf lifespan and herbivory rates ......................................................................... 209 Physical defences ................................................................................................. 210 7 Table of contents Data Analyses ...................................................................................................... 210 Results .......................................................................................................................... 211 Patterning of Mistletoe-Host differences among sites ......................................... 211 Relationships between Mistletoe and Host defence traits ................................... 212 Generalised defence syndromes vs. trade-offs between defence types ................ 214 Herbivory and leaf lifespan relationship with defence ........................................ 214 Batesian mimicry in Australian mistletoes .......................................................... 218 Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 218 Relationships between Mistletoe and Host defence traits ................................... 222 Generalised defence syndromes vs. trade-offs between defence types ................ 224 Herbivory and leaf lifespan relationships with defence ...................................... 225 Batesian mimicry in Australian mistletoes .......................................................... 228 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 229 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... 230 References .................................................................................................................... 248 Chapter 6. General Discussion 261 General Discussion .....................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Congeneric Phylogeography of Australian Ogyris Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
    Congeneric Phylogeography of Australian Ogyris Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Author Schmidt, Daniel J Published 2007 Thesis Type Thesis (PhD Doctorate) School School of Environmental Science DOI https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/2207 Copyright Statement The author owns the copyright in this thesis, unless stated otherwise. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366723 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Congeneric phylogeography of Australian Ogyris butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Daniel J. Schmidt B.Sc. (Hons) Australian Rivers Institute Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Griffith University Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, October 2006 ii iii Summary This study investigated spatial genetic structuring of two groups of Australian Ogyris butterflies (Lycaenidae). Ogyris represents one of several Australian endemic butterfly radiations that is well characterised in terms of basic biology but lacking in data useful for discriminating among the potential factors promoting divergence and speciation. A phylogeographic approach was used to document structuring in mitochondrial DNA markers (mtDNA) across the geographic range of two groups of closely related taxa. These include a pair of sister species: Ogyris zosine and O. genoveva, and the polytypic species O. amaryllis which is comprised of four subspecies. Topological relationships among recognised taxonomic units were tested and polyphyletic patterns investigated as a potential source of information relating to divergence and speciation. Sister species Ogyris zosine and O. genoveva were found to exhibit a polyphyletic relationship based on mtDNA. The deepest divergence within the group separated allopatric populations of O. zosine in northern Australia which do not correspond to a recognised taxonomic entity.
    [Show full text]
  • Loranthaceae1
    Flora of South Australia 5th Edition | Edited by Jürgen Kellermann LORANTHACEAE1 P.J. Lang2 & B.A. Barlow3 Aerial hemi-parasitic shrubs on branches of woody plants attached by haustoria; leaves mostly opposite, entire. Inflorescence terminal or lateral; flowers bisexual; calyx reduced to an entire, lobed or toothed limb at the apex of the ovary, without vascular bundles; corolla free or fused, regular or slightly zygomorphic, 4–6-merous, valvate; stamens as many as and opposite the petals, epipetalous, anthers 2- or 4-locular, mostly basifixed, immobile, introrse and continuous with the filament but sometimes dorsifixed and then usually versatile, opening by longitudinal slits; pollen trilobate; ovary inferior, without differentiated locules or ovules. Fruit berry-like; seed single, surrounded by a copious viscous layer. Mistletoes. 73 genera and around 950 species widely distributed in the tropics and south temperate regions with a few species in temperate Asia and Europe. Australia has 12 genera (6 endemic) and 75 species. Reference: Barlow (1966, 1984, 1996), Nickrent et al. (2010), Watson (2011). 1. Petals free 2. Anthers basifixed, immobile, introrse; inflorescence axillary 3. Inflorescence not subtended by enlarged bracts more than 20 mm long ....................................... 1. Amyema 3: Inflorescence subtended by enlarged bracts more than 20 mm long which enclose the buds prior to anthesis ......................................................................................................................... 2. Diplatia 2: Anthers dorsifixed, versatile; inflorescence terminal ........................................................................... 4. Muellerina 1: Petals united into a curved tube, more deeply divided on the concave side ................................................ 3. Lysiana 1. AMYEMA Tiegh. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 41: 499 (1894). (Greek a-, negative; myeo, I instruct, initiate; referring to the genus being not previously recognised; cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Unlocking the Kimberley's Past: the Applicability of Organic Spring
    Unlocking the Kimberley’s past: The applicability of organic spring deposits for reconstructing late Quaternary climatic and environmental change Emily Field M.Sc. Quaternary Science, 2010 B.A. (Hons) Geography, 2009 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2018 School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Abstract There are limited high-resolution records of climatic and environmental change from the Kimberley region of northwest Australia. This has hindered the development of knowledge of climate and environmental change in Australia’s monsoonal tropics, and the ability to provide context for the area’s rich archaeological record and globally renowned rock art. The lack of high-resolution records from this region is primarily a result of the monsoonal climate which limits the presence of “classic” palaeoenvironmental archives such as perennial lakes and wetlands. Organic spring deposits are unconventional archives of past environmental change yet offer potential to provide outstanding records in arid and semi-arid regions such as the Kimberley. Despite this, the majority of existing research demonstrates complications with their use, in particular the application of standard radiocarbon (14C) techniques to build robust chronologies of their development. Because of the importance of springs as critical palaeoenvironmental archives, and the pressing need for high-resolution records from northwest Australia, this thesis utilised three organic spring deposits to develop new, high-resolution records of climate and environmental change for the Kimberley. These records span the last ~14,500 years, and were underpinned by a new protocol for establishing robust chronologies from these settings which was developed via a rigorous geochronological investigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Arachnid Ecology in New Zealand, Exploring
    1 Arachnid ecology in New Zealand, exploring 2 unknown and poorly understood factors. 3 James Crofts-Bennett. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 “A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the degree of Master of Science [1] in Botany [2] at the 21 University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand” 22 2020 23 1 24 Index 25 26 Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………5. 27 Chapter 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………...7. 28 1.1 The importance of spiders………………………………………………………...7. 29 1.2 The influence of habitat structural complexity on spider distribution and 30 abundance…………………………………………………………………………......8. 31 1.3 Invasive rodents in the context of New Zealand Araneae………………………...9. 32 1.4 Thesis structure and aims………………………………………………………..14. 33 Chapter 2. The effect of habitat structural complexity on spider abundance and diversity..15. 34 2.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………..15. 35 Figure 2.1: Seasonal deciduous vegetation cover…………………………...16. 36 Figure 2.2: Seasonal deciduous vegetation cover with mistletoe parasites…16. 37 2.2 Methods…………………………………………………………………………17. 38 Figure 2.3: Examples of foliage samples……………………………………18. 39 Table 2.1: Sampling locations, dates and host data…………………………19. 40 2.2.1 Statistical Analyses……………………………………………………………20. 41 2.3 Results…………………………………………………………………………...20. 42 Figure 2.4: Total invertebrates sampled in summer, plotted………………..22. 43 Figure 2.5: Total invertebrates sampled in winter, plotted………………….23. 44 Table 2.2: Paired t-tests of host plant invertebrate populations……………..25. 45 2.4 Discussion……………………………………………………………………….26. 46 Chapter 3. A novel non-kill Araneae trap: test with regards to vegetation type versus 47 location 48 effects………………………………………………………………………………………..28. 49 3.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………...28.
    [Show full text]
  • BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION on the TIWI ISLANDS, NORTHERN TERRITORY: Part 1. Environments and Plants
    BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ON THE TIWI ISLANDS, NORTHERN TERRITORY: Part 1. Environments and plants Report prepared by John Woinarski, Kym Brennan, Ian Cowie, Raelee Kerrigan and Craig Hempel. Darwin, August 2003 Cover photo: Tall forests dominated by Darwin stringybark Eucalyptus tetrodonta, Darwin woollybutt E. miniata and Melville Island Bloodwood Corymbia nesophila are the principal landscape element across the Tiwi islands (photo: Craig Hempel). i SUMMARY The Tiwi Islands comprise two of Australia’s largest offshore islands - Bathurst (with an area of 1693 km 2) and Melville (5788 km 2) Islands. These are Aboriginal lands lying about 20 km to the north of Darwin, Northern Territory. The islands are of generally low relief with relatively simple geological patterning. They have the highest rainfall in the Northern Territory (to about 2000 mm annual average rainfall in the far north-west of Melville and north of Bathurst). The human population of about 2000 people lives mainly in the three towns of Nguiu, Milakapati and Pirlangimpi. Tall forests dominated by Eucalyptus miniata, E. tetrodonta, and Corymbia nesophila cover about 75% of the island area. These include the best developed eucalypt forests in the Northern Territory. The Tiwi Islands also include nearly 1300 rainforest patches, with floristic composition in many of these patches distinct from that of the Northern Territory mainland. Although the total extent of rainforest on the Tiwi Islands is small (around 160 km 2 ), at an NT level this makes up an unusually high proportion of the landscape and comprises between 6 and 15% of the total NT rainforest extent. The Tiwi Islands also include nearly 200 km 2 of “treeless plains”, a vegetation type largely restricted to these islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora Survey on Hiltaba Station and Gawler Ranges National Park
    Flora Survey on Hiltaba Station and Gawler Ranges National Park Hiltaba Pastoral Lease and Gawler Ranges National Park, South Australia Survey conducted: 12 to 22 Nov 2012 Report submitted: 22 May 2013 P.J. Lang, J. Kellermann, G.H. Bell & H.B. Cross with contributions from C.J. Brodie, H.P. Vonow & M. Waycott SA Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources Vascular plants, macrofungi, lichens, and bryophytes Bush Blitz – Flora Survey on Hiltaba Station and Gawler Ranges NP, November 2012 Report submitted to Bush Blitz, Australian Biological Resources Study: 22 May 2013. Published online on http://data.environment.sa.gov.au/: 25 Nov. 2016. ISBN 978-1-922027-49-8 (pdf) © Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resouces, South Australia, 2013. With the exception of the Piping Shrike emblem, images, and other material or devices protected by a trademark and subject to review by the Government of South Australia at all times, this report is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. All other rights are reserved. This report should be cited as: Lang, P.J.1, Kellermann, J.1, 2, Bell, G.H.1 & Cross, H.B.1, 2, 3 (2013). Flora survey on Hiltaba Station and Gawler Ranges National Park: vascular plants, macrofungi, lichens, and bryophytes. Report for Bush Blitz, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. (Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, South Australia: Adelaide). Authors’ addresses: 1State Herbarium of South Australia, Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR), GPO Box 1047, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Satin Azure Ogyris Amaryllis Meridionalis
    Butterfly GardeningFact sheet Lycaenidae family Satin Azure Ogyris amaryllis meridionalis Also known as: Amaryllis Azure Abundance in Adelaide area: Common Flight: Aug – early Apr Wingspan: m 34 mm; f 34 mm Mature larva length: 21–27 mm If you ever encounter this butterfly flying in the sun you will see brilliant blue flashes as the sunlight reflects off its highly metallic wings. As with all the Azure butterflies, they do not open their wings when at rest. As a result, the Satin Azure virtually disappears as the wings are folded to display camouflage colours. For its caterpillar food plant, the Satin Azure prefers Wire-leaf Mistletoe (Amyema preissii), which grows on some Acacia species, but it will use other mistletoes. This butterfly is associated Mistletoe (Amyema miraculosa ssp. boormanii) on with various species of small black ants. It is most Myoporum, Santalum and others, Grey Mistletoe likely to be seen near its food plants, but males (Amyema quandang var. quandang) on Western move to and fly over nearby hilltops. The species Myall (Acacia papyrocarpa). is uncommon in the Adelaide Hills, but is present over most of the state of South Australia. A stunning butterfly, this is another mistletoe feeding member of the Azure group. The colour Caterpillar food plants: Mistletoes (Amyema of the butterfly is a very bright, shining blue spp.) The caterpillars eat the flowers and leaves. with narrow black margins on the upper surface, and a mottled black and brown cryptic pattern Adelaide native species: Wire-leaf Mistletoe underneath. The females have a slightly wider (Amyema preissii) on Blackwood (Acacia black margin on the upper side, and orange-red melanoxylon) and other acacia species.
    [Show full text]
  • Mistletoes on Mmahgh J) Introduced Trees of the World Agriculture
    mmAHGH J) Mistletoes on Introduced Trees of the World Agriculture Handbook No. 469 Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Mistletoes on Introduced Trees of the World by Frank G. Hawksworth Plant Pathologist Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Agriculture Handbook No. 469 Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture December 1974 CONTENTS Page Introduction ^ Mistletoes and Hosts 3 Host Index of Mistletoes 27 Literature Cited ^^ Library of Congress Catalog No. 74-600182 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington B.C. 20402 Price 75 cents Stock Number 0100-03303 MISTLETOES ON INTRODUCED TREES OF THE WORLD INTRODUCTION Spaulding (1961) published the first attempt at a worldwide inven- tory of the diseases of foreign (introduced) trees of the world. With the widespread introduction of trees to many parts of the world, it is becoming of increasing importance to know the susceptibility of trees introduced to new disease situations. Spaulding's comprehensive lists included forest tree diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses, but not the mistletoes. Therefore this publication on the mistletoes was prepared to supplement his work. Spaulding considered only forest trees, but the coverage here is expanded to include mistletoes parasitic on introduced forest, crop, orchard, and ornamental trees. In some instances, mistletoes are reported on trees cultivated within different parts of a country where the tree is native. Such records are included if it is indicated in the publication that the mistletoe in question is on planted trees. "Mistletoe" as used in this paper refers to any member of the fam- ilies Loranthaceae or Viscaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology Assessment Report Griffin 1AB78
    Ecology Assessment Report Lot 1 AB78 Release Notice This document is available through the Australia Pacific Liquefied Natural Gas (Australia Pacific LNG) Upstream Phase 1 Project controlled document system TeamBinder™. The responsibility for ensuring that printed copies remain valid rests with the user. Once printed, this is an uncontrolled document unless issued and stamped Controlled Copy. Third-party issue can be requested via the Australia Pacific LNG Upstream Phase 1 Project Document Control Group. Document Conventions The following terms in this document apply: Will, shall or must indicate a mandatory course of action Should indicates a recommended course of action May or can indicate a possible course of action. Document Custodian The custodian of this document is the Australia Pacific LNG Upstream Phase 1 Project – Environmental Approvals Team Leader. The custodian is responsible for maintaining and controlling changes (additions and modifications) to this document and ensuring the stakeholders validate any changes made to this document. Deviations from Document Any deviation from this document must be approved by the Australia Pacific LNG Upstream Phase 1 Project – Environmental Approvals Team Leader. Doc Ref: Q-4500-15-RP-1027 Revision: 0 Page 2 of 45 Approvals, Land and Stakeholder Team, Australia Pacific LNG Upstream Phase 1 Uncontrolled when printed unless issued and stamped Controlled Copy. Ecology Assessment Report Lot 1 AB78 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Amyema Sanguinea (F
    Amyema sanguinea (F. Muell.) Danser Identifiants : 2306/amysan Association du Potager de mes/nos Rêves (https://lepotager-demesreves.fr) Fiche réalisée par Patrick Le Ménahèze Dernière modification le 28/09/2021 Classification phylogénétique : Clade : Angiospermes ; Clade : Dicotylédones vraies ; Ordre : Santalales ; Famille : Loranthaceae ; Classification/taxinomie traditionnelle : Règne : Plantae ; Sous-règne : Tracheobionta ; Division : Magnoliophyta ; Classe : Magnoliopsida ; Ordre : Santalales ; Famille : Loranthaceae ; Genre : Amyema ; Synonymes : Amyema sanguinea var. pulcher (Ewart) Barlow ; Nom(s) anglais, local(aux) et/ou international(aux) : Mistletoe, Red Mistletoe, , Madunba, Ngantja ; Rapport de consommation et comestibilité/consommabilité inférée (partie(s) utilisable(s) et usage(s) alimentaire(s) correspondant(s)) : Parties comestibles : fruit{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique) | Original : Fruit{{{0(+x) Les fruits sont consommés crus Partie testée : fruit{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique) Original : Fruit{{{0(+x) Taux d'humidité Énergie (kj) Énergie (kcal) Protéines (g) Pro- Vitamines C (mg) Fer (mg) Zinc (mg) vitamines A (µg) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 néant, inconnus ou indéterminés. Illustration(s) (photographie(s) et/ou dessin(s)): Autres infos : dont infos de "FOOD PLANTS INTERNATIONAL" : Page 1/2 Distribution : Une plante tropicale. Il pousse dans les bois ouverts. Il pousse sur les eucalyptus et quelques écorces de papier. Il pousse dans les endroits tropicaux et subtropicaux. Il peut pousser dans des endroits arides{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique). Original : A tropical plant. It grows in open woodland. It grows on Eucalypts and some paperbarks. It grows in tropical and subtropical places. It can grow in arid places{{{0(+x). Localisation : Australie*{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique). Original : Australia*{{{0(+x). Notes : Il existe environ 90 à 100 espèces d'Amyema{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique).
    [Show full text]
  • Budawangia* an E-Newsletter for All Those Interested in the Native Plants of the Nsw South Coast
    BUDAWANGIA* AN E-NEWSLETTER FOR ALL THOSE INTERESTED IN THE NATIVE PLANTS OF THE NSW SOUTH COAST Contact: Dr Kevin Mills – [email protected] No. 28 - July 2014 Aims: To connect those interested in the native flora of the NSW South Coast, to share up to date information on the flora of the region and to broaden the appreciation of the region’s native plants. Editorial July, the middle of winter, is perhaps not the most inviting time to get out into the bush, windy and cold weather discouraging excursions too far from home. There is however much to see in the bush at this time of year. Many rainforest plants have fruit, the foggy highlands provide good opportunities for early morning photographs, while the winter-flowering Banksias are putting on a show on the foreshores and in the woodlands. This edition contains an article on mistletoes, those plants that parasitise other plants. These shrubs play an important role in the ecology of forests and woodlands and recent research has identified them as critical to the well being of many animal species. The purpose of „plant of the month‟ is to discuss some of the more uncommon species in our region. This month we have Acacia hispidula, an uncommon wattle of the sandstone country. As usual, another mystery weed is presented, along with an article about two noxious weeds in the genus Xanthium and another article in the series on wetland plants. I am glad readers are finding the newsletter enjoyable and informative; comments such as the following encourage me to keep it going: Les from Kangaroo Valley - “Thanks for a very interesting issue.” Diane from Nowra - “Thanks Kevin.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Materialsupplementary Material
    Supplementary Materials 10.1071/RJ16076_AC © CSIRO 2017 Supplementary Material: Rangeland Journal, 2017, 39(1), 85–95. Assessing the invasion threat of non-native plant species in protected areas using Herbarium specimen and ecological survey data. A case study in two rangeland bioregions in Queensland Michael R. NgugiA,B and Victor John NeldnerA AQueensland Herbarium, Department of Science Information Technology and Innovation, Mt Coot- tha Road, Toowong, Qld 4066, Australia. BCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Table S1. List of native species in Cape York Peninsula and Desert Uplands bioregions Cape York Peninsula native Species Desert Uplands native Species Abelmoschus ficulneus Abelmoschus ficulneus Abelmoschus moschatus subsp. Tuberosus Abildgaardia ovata Abildgaardia ovata Abildgaardia vaginata Abildgaardia vaginata Abutilon arenarium Abrodictyum brassii Abutilon calliphyllum Abrodictyum obscurum Abutilon fraseri Abroma molle Abutilon hannii Abrophyllum ornans Abutilon leucopetalum Abrus precatorius L. subsp. precatorius Abutilon malvifolium Abutilon albescens Abutilon nobile Domin Abutilon auritum Abutilon otocarpum Abutilon micropetalum Abutilon oxycarpum Acacia armillata Abutilon oxycarpum Acacia armitii Abutilon oxycarpum var. incanum Acacia aulacocarpa Abutilon oxycarpum var. subsagittatum Acacia auriculiformis Acacia acradenia Acacia brassii Acacia adsurgens Acacia calyculata Acacia aneura F.Muell. ex Benth. var. aneura Acacia celsa Acacia aneura var. major Pedley Acacia chisholmii Acacia angusta Maiden
    [Show full text]