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Durham E-Theses Durham E-Theses The portrayal of the Anglican clergyman in some nineteenth-century ction Packer, P. A. How to cite: Packer, P. A. (1979) The portrayal of the Anglican clergyman in some nineteenth-century ction, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7910/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk THE PORTRAYAL OF THE ANGLICAN CLERGYMAN IN SOME NINETEENTH-CENTURY FICTION by P.A. PACKER The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The University of Durham, 1979 ABSTRACT What were Anglican Clergymen, in the fiction of the nineteenth century, like? How were their social and intellectual attitudes, and religious beliefs, characterized and delineated? Why do novelists portray the clergy as they do? How accurate is their portrayal, in the light of con• temporary ecclesiastical history? This study answers these questions by reference to the novels, both well-known and little read, and to the lives and opinions of the actual clergy, of the period„ There is a general survey of the fictional clergy throughout the century which relates them to particular religious movements, such as the Evangelical and Tractarian Movements, and to changing intellectual and theological opinion. The principal aim of the study, however, is literary. It concentrates on the work of four major authors: Jane Austen, Thomas Love Peacock, Anthony Trollope and George Eliot. Their novels are examined in detail; the place and treatment of their clerical characters analysed and discussed. This close study of particular novels, it is hoped, will deepen the general literary appreciation of the novels and writers and stimulate interest in the neglected clerical characters of fiction. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was initially conceived while I was a member of the Benedictine Community at Nashdom Abbey,, It was then, for such is the enthusiasm of the ignorant, only one chapter among ten„ whilst my scope has become more modest the debt to my friends and fellow-monks remains• Dom Aidan Harker, Dom Wilfrid Weston, Dom Joseph Boulton and the late Dom John Howton were especially helpful and encouraging in the early stages of research. From the beginning of my work and throughout its long, though intermittent, course Dr J.W. Blench has generous• ly supervised my endeavours. His advice has been invaluable; his encouragement often needed and always given. I am deeply grateful for his help and friendship. Latterly, I have been much stimulated by the sugges• tions and criticisms of the Reverend Peter Hiscock, Vicar of St Paul's, Jarrow. I have benefited both from his literary knowledge and his clerical experience. D.E.L. Crane, of the University of Durham, has also made some valuable comments and suggestions. Discovering and obtaining many of the, often obscure, books essential to this study has been difficult. The exer• tions of Mr Clayton of Hexham has literally made my study iv possible. The suggestions of Tony Seaton, of Newcastle Poly• technic, arising from his own research, and his gifts of 'sub- literature', have been much appreciated. Mr Taylor, formerly Librarian at Nuneaton Public Library, kindly allowed me access to the Manuscript Journal, known as 'Occurrences at Nuneaton', relevant to my study of George Eliot. I am grateful to Harry Cayton for his advice and assistance, especially in the arrangement of the 'Select Bibliography'. Alison Coates, of the Newcastle School of Architec• ture, managed, somehow, to produce a typescript from my manuscript. I was very grateful to be spared this consider• able labour. The final copy of this thesis was made by Mrs M. Burke. Its excellence is self-evident. Her vigilance removed many minor errors. Her consistent accuracy is a model to many; certainly to me. I pay tribute also to her patience and endurance, both with me and a very long text. Finally, there are those whose contributions cannot be simply stated. Without them, certainly, this work could never have been completed. Mr and Mrs J. Clark and Marion provided me with a delightful study, gave me encouragement, v nourishment and practical help. Chris Stell's unfailing support, his faith in my abilities, his cheerful shouldering of essential, but distracting, matters were vital to my work. I can never, of course, repay these debts and this work, certainly, is far from adequate compensation. I hope, nonetheless, that they will accept it. P.Ao Packer December 1978 Newcastle upon Tyne vi CONTENTS <• VOLUME ONE Abstract page iii Acknowledgements page iv Analysis of Contents page viii Note page xiv Chapter One; Introduction page 1 Chapter Two: A Brief Literary and Historical Survey page 13 Chapter Threes Jane Austen (1775=1817) page 129 Chapter Four; Thomas Love Peacock (1785-1866) page 215 Chapter Five; Anthony Trollope (1815-1882) page 300 VOLUME TWO Chapter Five (continued) page 396 Chapter Six: George Eliot (1819-1880) page 497 Chapter Seven: Conclusion page 665 Notes and References page 679 Select Bibliography page 783 vii ANALYSIS OF CONTENTS NOVELS AND CHARACTERS EXAMINED (All characters listed below are clergymen unless marked VOLUME ONE CHAPTER TWO: A BRIEF LITERARY AND HISTORICAL SURVEY Parson Trulliber (Joseph Andrews) p. 21. Abraham Adams (Joseph Andrews) p. 23. Mr Primrose (The Vicar of Wakefield) p. 24. Dr Syntax p. 25. Bute Crawley (Vanity Fair) p. 26. Parson Chowne (The Maid of Sker) p.28. W.M. Thackeray, The Newcomes, p. 38. Robert Brocklehurst (Jane Eyre) p. 41. Mr Murdstone* (David Copperfield) p. 45 Mr Cartwright (The Vicar of Wrexhill) p. 46. Charles Honeyman (The Newcomes) p. 48, p. 72. C. Dickens, Pickwick Papers, p. 49. Mr Chadband* (Bleak House) p. 49. St John Rivers (Jane Eyre) p. 50 J.H. Newman, Loss and Gain, p. 64. E. Harris, From Oxford to Rome, p. 68. Frank Wentworth (The Perpetual Curate) p. 75. E.J. Worboise, Father Fabian, p. 79 C. Bronte, Shirley, p. 80, p. 84. viii ANALYSIS OF CONTENTS; CHAPTER TWO Dean Bedford (Bachelor of the Albany) p. 83. Bartholomew Owlet (Bachelor of the Albany) p. 85 M. Savage, The Falcon Family, p. 89. M. Crawford, Tale of a Lonely Parish, p. 96. Aubrey St Lys (Sybil) p. 99. Mr Lyle* (Coningsby) p. 101. C. Kingsley, Yeast, p. 101. To Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, p. 108. J. Adderley, Stephen Remarx, p. Ill John Hale (North and South) p. 115, p. 117. Mrs H. Ward, Robert Elsmere, p. 117. The Case of Richard Meynell, p. 125 G. Macdonald, Thomas Wingfold, Curate, p. 125. S. Butler, The Way of All Flesh, p. 126. M. Rutherford, Catherine Furze, p. 126. W. Cornish, Sunningwell, p. 126 H. Walpole, The Cathedral, p. 126. E. Taylor, A View of the Harbour, p. 127. I. Murdoch, The Time of the Angels, p. 128. CHAPTER THREE; JANE AUSTEN Edmund Bertram (Mansfield Park) p. 132. Mr Elton (Emma) p. 157. ix ANALYSIS OF CONTENTS: CHAPTER THREE Dr Shirley (Persuasion) p. 183 Charles Hayter (Persuasion) p. 184. Dr Grant (Mansfield Park) p. 185. Mr Morland (Northanger Abbey) p. 190. Mr Collins (Pride and Prejudice) p. 192. 4- Edward Ferrars (Sense and Sensibility) p. 202. Henry Tilney (Northanger Abbey) p. 206. CHAPTER FOUR; THOMAS LOVE PEACOCK page 215 Dr Gaster (Headlong Hall) p. 219. Mr Grovelgrub (Melincourt) p. 227 Mr Peppertoast (Melincourt) p. 232 Mr Portpipe (Melincourt) p. 234. Mr Larynx (Nightmare Abbey) p. 240. Dr Folliott (Crotchet Castle) p. 243. Dr Opimian (Gryll Grange) p. 272. CHAPTER FIVE: ANTHONY TROLLOPE page 300 Samuel Grantly* (The Warden) p. 306. Bishop Elmham (The Way We Live Now) p. 312. George Bertram* (The Bertrams) p. 316. Dr Vesey Stanhope (Barchester Towers) p. 324. Henry Chamberlaine (The Vicar of Bullhampton) p. 326. x ANALYSIS OF CONTENTS: CHAPTER FIVE Mark Robarts (Framley Parsonage) p. 330, p. 337. Josiah Crawley (Framley Parsonage) p. 336, p. 341. Henry Clavering (The Claverings) p. 349. Harry Clavering* (The Claverings) p. 350. Samuel Saul (The Claverings) p. 352. Frank Fenwick (The Vicar of Bullhampton) p. 359. Dr Wortle (Dr Wortle's School) p. 373. Mr Puddicombe (Dr Wortle's School) p. 380. Dr Harford (Rachel Ray) p. 384. Mr Quiverful (Barchester Towers) p. 387. Mr Thumble (The Last Chronicle of Barset) p. 389. Bishop Rolland (Dr Wortle's School) p. 393 VOLUME TWO CHAPTER FIVE: ANTHONY TROLLOPE (continued) page 396 Bishop Grantly (The Warden) p. 396. Mrs Proudie* (Barchester Towers) p. 398. Bishop Proudie (Barchester Towers) p. 399. Bishop and Mrs Proudie (The Last Chronicle of Barset) p. 404. Dean Lovelace (is He Popenjoy?) p. 411. Mr Prong (Rachel Ray) p. 419, p. 420, p. 424. Mr Maguire (Miss Mackenzie) p. 419, p. 422. Mr Groschut (Is He Popenjoy?) p. 420, p. 422. Mr Stumfold (Miss Mackenzie) p. 421, p. 434. Mr Slope (Barchester Towers) p. 419, p. 421, p. 426. xi t ANALYSIS OF CONTENTS; CHAPTER FIVE Mr Smirkie (John Caldigate) p= 421, p.
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