Chapter 13-124 2/1/97 Indigenous Wildlife of Hawaii
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Pu'u Wa'awa'a Biological Assessment
PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A, NORTH KONA, HAWAII Prepared by: Jon G. Giffin Forestry & Wildlife Manager August 2003 STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................................................. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. ii GENERAL SETTING...................................................................................................................1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................1 Land Use Practices...............................................................................................................1 Geology..................................................................................................................................3 Lava Flows............................................................................................................................5 Lava Tubes ...........................................................................................................................5 Cinder Cones ........................................................................................................................7 Soils .......................................................................................................................................9 -
Tinamiformes – Falconiformes
LIST OF THE 2,008 BIRD SPECIES (WITH SCIENTIFIC AND ENGLISH NAMES) KNOWN FROM THE A.O.U. CHECK-LIST AREA. Notes: "(A)" = accidental/casualin A.O.U. area; "(H)" -- recordedin A.O.U. area only from Hawaii; "(I)" = introducedinto A.O.U. area; "(N)" = has not bred in A.O.U. area but occursregularly as nonbreedingvisitor; "?" precedingname = extinct. TINAMIFORMES TINAMIDAE Tinamus major Great Tinamou. Nothocercusbonapartei Highland Tinamou. Crypturellus soui Little Tinamou. Crypturelluscinnamomeus Thicket Tinamou. Crypturellusboucardi Slaty-breastedTinamou. Crypturellus kerriae Choco Tinamou. GAVIIFORMES GAVIIDAE Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon. Gavia arctica Arctic Loon. Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon. Gavia immer Common Loon. Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon. PODICIPEDIFORMES PODICIPEDIDAE Tachybaptusdominicus Least Grebe. Podilymbuspodiceps Pied-billed Grebe. ?Podilymbusgigas Atitlan Grebe. Podicepsauritus Horned Grebe. Podicepsgrisegena Red-neckedGrebe. Podicepsnigricollis Eared Grebe. Aechmophorusoccidentalis Western Grebe. Aechmophorusclarkii Clark's Grebe. PROCELLARIIFORMES DIOMEDEIDAE Thalassarchechlororhynchos Yellow-nosed Albatross. (A) Thalassarchecauta Shy Albatross.(A) Thalassarchemelanophris Black-browed Albatross. (A) Phoebetriapalpebrata Light-mantled Albatross. (A) Diomedea exulans WanderingAlbatross. (A) Phoebastriaimmutabilis Laysan Albatross. Phoebastrianigripes Black-lootedAlbatross. Phoebastriaalbatrus Short-tailedAlbatross. (N) PROCELLARIIDAE Fulmarus glacialis Northern Fulmar. Pterodroma neglecta KermadecPetrel. (A) Pterodroma -
25 Using Community Group Monitoring Data to Measure The
25 Using Community Group Monitoring Data To Measure The Effectiveness Of Restoration Actions For Australia's Woodland Birds Michelle Gibson1, Jessica Walsh1,2, Nicki Taws5, Martine Maron1 1Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia, 2School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, 3800, Victoria, Australia, 3Greening Australia, Aranda, Canberra, 2614 Australian Capital Territory, Australia, 4BirdLife Australia, Carlton, Melbourne, 3053, Victoria, Australia, 5Greening Australia, PO Box 538 Jamison Centre, Macquarie, Australian Capital Territory 2614, Australia Before conservation actions are implemented, they should be evaluated for their effectiveness to ensure the best possible outcomes. However, many conservation actions are not implemented under an experimental framework, making it difficult to measure their effectiveness. Ecological monitoring datasets provide useful opportunities for measuring the effect of conservation actions and a baseline upon which adaptive management can be built. We measure the effect of conservation actions on Australian woodland ecosystems using two community group-led bird monitoring datasets. Australia’s temperate woodlands have been largely cleared for agricultural production and their bird communities are in decline. To reverse these declines, a suite of conservation actions has been implemented by government and non- government agencies, and private landholders. We analysed the response of total woodland bird abundance, species richness, and community condition, to two widely-used actions — grazing exclusion and replanting. We recorded 139 species from 134 sites and 1,389 surveys over a 20-year period. Grazing exclusion and replanting combined had strong positive effects on all three bird community metrics over time relative to control sites, where no actions had occurred. -
News from the Conservation Council for Hawai`I Special Issue! Volume 66, Issue 4 - Fall 2016 Volume 67, Issue 1 & 2 - Winter & Spring 2017
News from the Conservation Council for Hawai`i Special Issue! Volume 66, Issue 4 - Fall 2016 Volume 67, Issue 1 & 2 - Winter & Spring 2017 Sheila Sarhangi View of the western pali (cliff) of Nihoa from Hikianalia. Photo by Brad Ka‘aleleo Leatherback turtles the size of a Obama expanded the boundaries of was established by President George W. Volkswagen Beetle. Laysan ducks, once Papahānaumokuākea to 200 nautical Bush in 2006. For example, 24 species of widespread around the Hawaiian miles around the existing monument, whales and dolphins occur outside of the Archipelago. Black coral 4000 years old, with the exception of the southeast original protection area. Three of these the world’s oldest organism. These are boundary, for a total of 583,000 square species are listed under the Endangered just some of the 7,000 remarkable species miles, an area more than twice the size Species Act as threatened or endangered: found in Papahānaumokuākea Marine of Texas. sperm whales, fin whales, and sei whales. National Monument. Why was additional protection needed? Moreover, the expanded monument In August 2016, in response to a Recent scientific studies show that now safeguards more than 75 seamounts, movement led by Hawai‘i stakeholders species found within Papahānaumokuākea known as underwater volcanoes or – from kūpuna to conservationists, local have geographic ranges that go beyond mountains. These features form biological fishers, and scientists – then-President the 50 nautical-mile protection, which hotspots that provide habitat for a wide continued on page 4 U.S. Hosts IUCN World Conservation Congress for the First Time! Lorraine Garnier The International Union for and successful international gathering was Conservation of Nature (IUCN) held based at the beautiful Hawai‘i Convention its first-ever World Conservation Center in Honolulu 10 days last September, Sylvia Earle and Lorraine Garnier. -
Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (And 113 Non-Species Taxa) in Accordance with the 62Nd AOU Supplement (2021), Sorted Taxonomically
Four-letter (English Name) and Six-letter (Scientific Name) Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (and 113 Non-Species Taxa) in accordance with the 62nd AOU Supplement (2021), sorted taxonomically Prepared by Peter Pyle and David F. DeSante The Institute for Bird Populations www.birdpop.org ENGLISH NAME 4-LETTER CODE SCIENTIFIC NAME 6-LETTER CODE Highland Tinamou HITI Nothocercus bonapartei NOTBON Great Tinamou GRTI Tinamus major TINMAJ Little Tinamou LITI Crypturellus soui CRYSOU Thicket Tinamou THTI Crypturellus cinnamomeus CRYCIN Slaty-breasted Tinamou SBTI Crypturellus boucardi CRYBOU Choco Tinamou CHTI Crypturellus kerriae CRYKER White-faced Whistling-Duck WFWD Dendrocygna viduata DENVID Black-bellied Whistling-Duck BBWD Dendrocygna autumnalis DENAUT West Indian Whistling-Duck WIWD Dendrocygna arborea DENARB Fulvous Whistling-Duck FUWD Dendrocygna bicolor DENBIC Emperor Goose EMGO Anser canagicus ANSCAN Snow Goose SNGO Anser caerulescens ANSCAE + Lesser Snow Goose White-morph LSGW Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Intermediate-morph LSGI Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Blue-morph LSGB Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Greater Snow Goose White-morph GSGW Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Intermediate-morph GSGI Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Blue-morph GSGB Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Snow X Ross's Goose Hybrid SRGH Anser caerulescens x rossii ANSCAR + Snow/Ross's Goose SRGO Anser caerulescens/rossii ANSCRO Ross's Goose -
Oct 1 4 2011
UNITED STATES CEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE Silver Spring. MO 2081 0 OCT 1 4 2011 James A. Hanlon Director, EPA Office of Wastewater Management Room 7116A - EPA East 1201 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20460 Mr. Hanlon: Enclosed is the National Marine Fisheries Service's (NMFS) Biological Opinion (Opinion), issued under the authority of section 7(a)(2) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) as amended, regarding the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) proposal to issue a Pesticides General Permit (PGP). As proposed, the general permit will cover point source pesticide pollutant discharges to waters of the U.S. from pesticide applications in States and 1 Territories where the EPA is the permitting authority: Alaska , American Samoa, District of Columbia, Guam, Idaho, Johnston Atoll, Massachusetts, Midway Island, New Hampshire, New 1 Mexico, Northern Mariana Islands, Oklahoma , Puerto Rico, and Wake Island. The proposed pennit will also authorize pesticide pollutant discharges to waters of the U.S. resulting from pesticide applications on Federal lands in Colorado, Delaware, Vermont and Washington, as well as Indian lands nationwide. This Opinion is based on our review of the EPA's Biological Evaluation/or the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Pesticides General Permit (PGP), reviews of the effectiveness of the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program and compliance for existing general permits, pesticide risk assessments and Section 7(a)(2) consultations on pesticide uses, species status revie\vs, listing documents, recovery plans, reports on the status and trends of water quality, past and current research and population dynamics modeling, published and unpublished scientific information and other sources of information as discussed in greater detail in the Approach to the Assessment section of this draft Opinion. -
Predicted Effects of Landscape Change, Sea Level Rise, and Habitat
Predicted effects of landscape change, sea level rise, and habitat management on the extirpation risk of the Hawaiian common gallinule (Gallinula galeata sandvicensis) on the island of O`ahu Charles B. van Rees and J. Michael Reed Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States of America ABSTRACT We conducted a spatially explicit, stochastic, individually based population viability analysis for the Hawaiian common gallinule (Gallinula galeata sandvicensis), an endan- gered subspecies of waterbird endemic to fragmented coastal wetlands in Hawai`i. This subspecies persists on two islands, with no apparent movement between them. We assessed extirpation risk for birds on O`ahu, where the resident gallinule population is made up of several fragmented subpopulations. Data on genetic differentiation were used to delineate subpopulations and estimate dispersal rates between them. We used sensitivity analyses to gauge the impact of current uncertainty of vital rate parameters on population projections, to ascertain the relative importance of gallinule vital rates to population persistence, and to compare the efficacy of potential management strategies. We used available sea level rise projections to examine the relative vulnerability of O`ahu's gallinule population to habitat loss arising from this threat. Our model predicted persistence of the island's gallinule population at 160 years (∼40 generations), but with high probabilities of extirpation for small subpopulations. Sensitivity analyses highlighted the importance of juvenile and adult mortality to population persistence in Submitted 6 March 2018 Hawaiian gallinules, justifying current predator control efforts and suggesting the need Accepted 27 May 2018 for additional research on chick and fledgling survival. Subpopulation connectivity Published 22 June 2018 from dispersal had little effect on the persistence of the island-wide population, but Corresponding author strong effects on the persistence of smaller subpopulations. -
Long-Term Effects of Fragmentation and Fragment Properties on Bird Species Richness in Hawaiian Forests
Biological Conservation 143 (2010) 280–288 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Long-term effects of fragmentation and fragment properties on bird species richness in Hawaiian forests David J. Flaspohler a,*, Christian P. Giardina b, Gregory P. Asner c, Patrick Hart d, Jonathan Price e, Cassie Ka’apu Lyons f, Xeronimo Castaneda g a School of Forest Resources and Environmental Studies, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States b Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, HI, United States c Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, United States d Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, United States e Department of Geography, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, United States f Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States g Department of Biology, California State University at Monterey Bay, Monterey Bay, CA, United States article info abstract Article history: Forest fragmentation is a common disturbance affecting biological diversity, yet the impacts of fragmen- Received 11 May 2009 tation on many forest processes remain poorly understood. Forest restoration is likely to be more suc- Received in revised form 4 October 2009 cessful when it proceeds with an understanding of how native and exotic vertebrates utilize forest Accepted 11 October 2009 patches of different size. We used a system of forest fragments isolated by volcanic activity 153 years Available online 7 November 2009 ago in Hawaii to examine how long-term fragmentation, as well as fragment size and structural features affect the richness of native and exotic bird species. -
Hawaiian Birds 1972*
HAWAIIAN BIRDS 1972* ANDREW J. BERGER More kinds (species and subspecies) of birds have become extinct in Hawaii than on all continents’ of the world combined. These endemic Hawaiian birds have become ex- tinct since 1844l, and most of them have succumbed since the 1890s. Table 1 lists the endemic Hawaiian birds which are presumed to be extinct. Moreover, Hawaiian birds account for nearly one-half of the birds in the U. S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlifes’ Red Book of rare and endangered species. The follow- ing list contains 16 of the rare and endangered Hawaiian birds: Newells’ Manx Shear- water (Puffinus puffinus newel&), Hawaiian Dark-rumped Petrel (Pterodroma phaeo- pygia sandwichensis), Harcourt s’ Storm Petrel (Oceanodroma Castro cryptoleucura), Nene or Hawaiian Goose (Branta sandvicensis), Koloa or Hawaiian Duck (Anas wyvilliana) , Laysan Duck (Anus laysanensis) , Hawaiian Hawk (Buteo solitarius) , Hawaiian Gallinule (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis) , Hawaiian Coot (Fulica ameri- cana alai), Hawaiian Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus himantopus knudseni), Hawaiian Crow (Corvus tropicus), Large Kauai Thrush (Phaeornis obscurus myadestina), Molo- kai Thrush (Phaeornis o. rutha), Small Kauai Thrush (Phaeornis palmeri), Nihoa Millerbird (Acrocephalus familiaris kingi), and the Kauai 00 (Moho braccetus). TO this list may be added the non-migratory Hawaiian population of the Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax n. hoactli). But, there are even more endangered Hawaiian birds! Because of their special interest to ornithologists, -
Extinction Patterns in the Avifauna of the Hawaiian Islands
Diversity and Distributions, (Diversity Distrib.) (2008) 14, 509–517 Blackwell Publishing Ltd BIODIVERSITY Extinction patterns in the avifauna of the RESEARCH Hawaiian islands Alison G. Boyer Department of Biology, University of ABSTRACT New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131 Through the continuing accumulation of fossil evidence, it is clear that the avifauna of the Hawaiian Islands underwent a large-scale extinction event around the time of Polynesian arrival. A second wave of extinctions since European colonization has further altered this unique avifauna. Here I present the first systematic analysis of the factors characterizing the species that went extinct in each time period and those that survived in order to provide a clearer picture of the possible causal mechanisms. These analyses were based on mean body size, dietary and ecological information and phylogenetic lineage of all known indigenous, non-migratory land and freshwater bird species of the five largest Hawaiian Islands. Extinct species were divided into ‘prehistoric’ and ‘historic’ extinction categories based on the timing of their last occurrence. A model of fossil preservation bias was also incorporated. I used regression trees to predict probability of prehistoric and historic extinction based on ecological variables. Prehistoric extinctions showed a strong bias toward larger body sizes and flightless, ground-nesting species, even after accounting for preservation bias. Many small, specialized species, mostly granivores and frugivores, also disappeared, implicating a wide suite of human impacts including destruction of dry forest habitat. In contrast, the highest extinction rates in the historic period were in medium-sized nectarivorous and insectivorous species. These differences result from different causal mechanisms underlying the two waves Correspondence: Alison G. -
The First Accurate Census of the Endangered Hawaiian Moorhen (Gallinula Chloropus Sandvicensis) David Desrochers Biology Department, AS&E, Tufts University
The first accurate census of the endangered Hawaiian Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis) David DesRochers Biology Department, AS&E, Tufts University As an ornithologist, I am very interested in education and the conservation of wetland birds. My long-term career goals are to teach conservation, ecology and ornithology at the collegiate level and study poorly known waterbirds, especially those of conservation concern. As part of my doctoral program here at Tufts University, I am interested in further contributing to this type of work by studying the endangered Hawaiian Moorhen, a cryptic waterbird in the rail family. Appropriate species and habitat management to ensure the persistence of the six endangered waterbirds endemic to Hawaii’s is hindered by a lack of life-history information, particularly for cryptic species such as rails. My goal is to do the first accurate census of this species, and to acquire sufficient information on demography and habitat use to understand the species’ extinction risk and to help develop a protocol to better manage for the persistence of this endangered bird and potentially apply it to other endangered waterbirds. Here I will only discuss the census portion of the project. Background: The Hawaiian Moorhen is an endangered cryptic rail endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Moorhen are found on Oahu and Kauai, and formerly on Maui, Molokai, and the Big Island. Wetland habitat, necessary for the persistence of this bird, has declined in area by 31% during the last 200 years (USFWS 2003). Historic and current population sizes of Hawaiian waterbirds have depended on habitat availability, which is determined largely by habitat conversion for housing and business, and on agricultural (e.g. -
Hōkūala Habitat Conservation Plan Annual Report: July 1, 2018 – June 30, 2019
Hōkūala Habitat Conservation Plan Annual Report: July 1, 2018 – June 30, 2019 Prepared by: Prepared for: Reginald E. David Tower Kauai Lagoons, LLC Rana Biological Consulting. P.O. Box 1371 Kailua-Kona, Hawai‘i 96745 & Britney Inanod Groomes Alan Silva Timbers Hokuala HCP Department July 31, 2019 – Revised December 13, 2019 1 Table of Contents Outline of the Document ...................................................................................................................... 4 Section 1 .............................................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction and Background ............................................................................................................... 4 HCP Sections and Specific Obligations .................................................................................................. 4 One-Time Obligations ........................................................................................................................... 4 Nēnē Mitigation Payment (HCP Section 4.4.1.6) ................................................................................................................................. 4 Ongoing Obligations ............................................................................................................................. 4 Financial Assurances (Section 6.4) ...........................................................................................................................................................