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An Organization Based Multi Agent System for Smarthome Management

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An Organization Based Multi Agent System for Smarthome Management PONTIFICAL CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULTY OF INFORMATICS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AN ORGANIZATION BASED MULTI AGENT SYSTEM FOR SMARTHOME MANAGEMENT RODRIGO CASTRO MARTINS Thesis presented as partial requirement for obtaining the degree of Master in Computer Science at Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul. Advisor: Prof. Felipe Meneguzzi Porto Alegre 2014 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) M386o Martins, Rodrigo Castro An organization based Multi Agent System for Smarthome manangement / Rodrigo Castro Martins. – Porto Alegre, 2014. 104 p. Diss. (Mestrado) – Fac. de Informática, PUCRS. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Felipe Meneguzzi. 1. Informática. 2. Sistemas Multiagentes. 3. Simulação e Modelagem em Computadores. I. Meneguzzi, Felipe. II. Título. CDD 006.39 Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pelo Setor de Tratamento da Informação da BC-PUCRS Dedico este trabalho a todos aqueles de alguma forma estiveram envolvidos com a minha pesquisa, seja contribuindo com o desenvolvimento e evolução da pesquisa como todos aqueles que me apoiaram e me deram força para seguir em frente. “Os obstáculos são aquelas coisas terríveis que você vê quando desvia os olhos do seu objetivo.” (Henry Ford) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Agradeço primeiramente primeiramente as forças dividas por mais essa oportunidade de evolução, aos meus mentores espirituais que sempre me iluminaram com força, sabedoria e perse- verança para lutar em busca da realização pessoal e do sucesso profissional. Agradeço com muito amor e carinho a Tallitha por todo o incentivo, suporte, por ter me aturado nos momentos de stress e por toda compreensão nos momentos que tive que me ausentar de sua companhia para que eu pudesse concluir esta etapa de minha vida. Agradeço aos meus pais e a minha irmã que sempre entenderam quando eu tinha que me ausentar das reuniões familiares para dar continuidade nos meus estudos. Agradeço aos meus mestres da PUCRS, que compartilharam comigo muita informação para que eu tivesse uma base sólida, e principalmente ao meu orientador Felipe Meneguzzi, que sempre esteve presente me auxiliando a manter o foco. Agradeço aqueles colegas de trabalho por todo apoio prestado durante a o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. UMA ORGANIZAÇÃO BASEADA EM SISTEMA MULTI AGENTES PARA GERENCIAR UMA SMARTHOME RESUMO Buscando enfrentar os desafios de gerar energia de forma mais limpa, novas técnicas pre- cisam ser desenvolvidas tanto para a produção de eletricidade com baixa emissão de gás carbônico quanto otimizar a distribuição e consumo de energia existente. Técnicas foram desenvolvidos espe- cificamente para combater este último desafio. Nossa pesquisa tem como objetivo contribuir para melhorar a eficiência do uso de energia em uma residência modelando os eletrodomésticos como um sistema multi agentes (MAS). Modelamos este sistema como uma organização virtual em que os agentes formam grupos e hierarquias e seguem específicas regras de comportamento. Este modelo visa minimizar o consumo de energia, enquanto alcança um equilíbrio entre o conforto do usuário e o custo da energia, além de limitar picos de demanda de energia. Palavras-Chave: Gerenciamento do lado da demanda, Smart Grid, Smart Home, programação orientada a agentes, JaCaMo. AN ORGANIZATION BASED MULTI AGENT SYSTEM FOR SMARTHOME MANAGEMENT ABSTRACT In order to address the challenges of greener energy generation, new techniques need to be developed both to generate electricity with lower emissions and to optimize energy distribution and consumption. Smart grid techniques have been developed specifically to tackle this latter challenge. Our research aims to contribute to improve the efficiency of energy use within a single household by modeling appliances as a multi agent system (MAS). We model this system as a virtual organization in which agents form groups and hierarchies and follow specific behavioral rules. This model seeks to minimize energy consumption while reaching a tradeoff between user comfort, energy cost and limiting peak energy usage. Keywords: Demand Side-Management, Smart Grid, Smart Home, Agent Oriented Programming, JaCaMo. LIST OF FIGURES Figure1.1 – Methodology ............................... ............... 25 Figure 2.1 – Generation, Transmission and Distribution Grid Structure within the Power Industry [41] ........................................ ........... 28 Figure2.2 – AnElectricVehicle [19]....................... ............... 31 Figure2.3 – VirtualPowerPlant [25] ....................... .............. 32 Figure 2.4 – Prosumer = Producer + Consumer................ .............. 33 Figure 2.5 – Macro grid and Micro Grid connection [16] ........ ............... 35 Figure2.6 – SmartHome [25]............................... ............ 37 Figure 2.7 – Belief-desire-intention architecture [43] . ....................... 39 Figure2.8 – JacamoApproach............................. .............. 41 Figure 3.1 – The Growth of Residential Electricity Consumer units from 2004 to 2012 (x1000) ............................................ ........... 46 Figure 3.2 – Residential Consumption in 2012 per region . .................. 47 Figure 3.3 – Residential Electricity Consumption from 1995 to2012 ............... 48 Figure 3.4 – Annual consumption per consumer units (from 2004 to2012) .......... 48 Figure 4.1 – Washing Machine Operation Window . .............. 54 Figure 5.1 – Power Consumption scheme to the smart home model . ............... 59 Figure 5.2 – Demand2Consume Protocol .................... ............... 60 Figure 5.3 – Auction scheme to the smart home model . ............... 65 Figure 5.4 – Auction Allocation Protocol .................. ................. 68 Figure 6.1 – Power demanded in each scenario . ................ 75 Figure 6.2 – Power consumed in each scenario . ................ 77 Figure 6.3 – The results of cycles of auction in each scenario . ................... 80 Figure 6.4 – Power reserve in each scenario . ................. 81 Figure 6.5 – Power demanded in each scenario . ................ 82 Figure 6.6 – Power consumption in the comfort scenario . .................. 86 Figure 6.7 – Power consumption in the average scenario . .................. 87 Figure 6.8 – Power consumption in the energy saving scenario . ................... 88 LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 – Residential Electricity Consumer units from 2004 to2012.............. 46 Table 3.2 – Residential Consumption in 2012 per region . .................. 47 Table 3.3 – Average of consumption per consumer units (from 2004to2012) ........ 49 Table 3.4 – Brazil. Projection of the population, 2011-2021 . .................... 49 Table 4.1 – Consumption of a household .................... ............... 51 Table4.2 – Domesticdevicegroups ....................... ................ 52 Table4.3 – DailyExecutionShift......................... ................ 53 Table5.1 – AuctionScheme............................... .............. 64 Table 5.2 – Example of bids to the different profiles - The aggressive bidder is the winner 66 Table 6.1 – Appliances used in the simulation . ................. 74 Table6.2 – Appliancesstrategy .......................... ................ 79 Table 6.3 – Appliances status between 13th and 17th cycles...................... 87 Table 6.4 – Appliances status between 37th and 45th cycles...................... 88 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUTION ................................................. 23 1.1 RESEARCH QUESTION AND OBJECTIVE . ..... 24 1.2 METHODOLOGYANDTEXTORGANIZATION ...................... ..... 25 2 BACKGROUND .................................................. 27 2.1 ELECTRICPOWERINDUSTRY .............................. ......... 27 2.2 SMARTGRID.......................................... ........... 28 2.2.1 DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT . ......... 30 2.2.2 ELECTRICVEHICLES................................. .............. 30 2.2.3 VIRTUAL POWER PLANTS . ........ 31 2.2.4 ENERGYPROSUMERS.................................. ............ 32 2.2.5 SELF-HEALINGNETWORKS .............................. ........... 33 2.3 MICROGRID ........................................ .............. 34 2.4 SMARTHOME.......................................... .......... 35 2.5 SOFTWAREAGENTS..................................... .......... 37 2.6 BDIARCHITECTURE ................................... ............ 38 2.7 AGENTSPEAKLANGUAGE.................................. ......... 39 2.8 JACAMO............................................ ............. 40 2.9 RELATEDWORK ...................................... ............ 42 3 USER PROFILE IN BRAZIL ........................................ 45 3.1 THERESIDENTIALCONSUMERUNITS......................... ........ 45 3.2 ANNUAL AVERAGE OF RESIDENTIAL CONSUMPTION IN BRAZIL . 46 3.3 CONSUMER UNITS VERSUS CONSUMPTION . ..... 47 3.4 PROJECTION OF THE DEMAND FOR ELECTRIC POWER . .... 49 4 SMART HOME MODEL .......................................... 51 4.1 DOMESTICAPPLIANCES.................................. .......... 51 4.2 APPLIANCESDESCRIPTION ............................... .......... 52 4.3 HOUSEHOLDPROFILE .................................. ........... 55 5 SMART HOME CONTROL SYSTEM ............................... 57 5.1 POWERCONSUMPTIONCONTROL ............................ ....... 57 5.1.1 ORGANIZATIONMODEL ................................ ............ 58 5.1.2 DEMAND2CONSUMEPROTOCOL............................ ......... 58 5.2 POWER RESERVE AUCTION-BASED PROTOCOL . .... 63 5.2.1 ORGANIZATIONMODEL ................................ ............ 64 5.2.2 AUCTIONDYNAMIC ...................................
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