Scorpions, State of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil Pecies S
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ISSN 1809-127X (online edition) © 2010 Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely available at www.checklist.org.br Journal of species lists and distribution Scorpions, state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil PECIES S 1,2* 1 1 OF ISTS L Tiago Jordão Porto , Tania Kobler Brazil and Rejâne Maria Lira-da-Silva 1 Universidade Federal da Bahia. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Núcleo Regional de Ofiologia e Animais Peçonhentos. Rua Barão de Geremoabo, 147, Campus Universitário de Ondina. CEP 40170-290. Salvador, BA, Brazil. * 2 CorrUniversidadeesponding Federal author. da E-mail: Bahia, [email protected] Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Diversidade Animal. Rua Barão de Geremoabo, 147, Campus Universitário de Ondina. CEP 40170-290. Salvador, BA, Brazil. Abstract: We report herein an updated and commented list of scorpions occurring in state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. Data comprising a period of 100 years (1908-2008) were obtained from seven major Brazilian collections. Twenty eight species Bothriurus Peters, 1861, Ananteris Thorell, 1891, Isometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, Physoctonus Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876, Tityus Troglorhopalurus Lourenço, Baptista and were identified and grouped in seven genera ( known scorpiofauna Mello-Leitão, of Bahia, 1934, which now represents approximately C.L.Koch, 22 % of1836 the andBrazilian species, recorded in all biomes and phytophysiognomiesGiupponi, 2004) and two from families the coastal (Bothriuridae zone to high Simon, altitude 1880 areas and Buthidae (3-1,268 C.L. m). Koch, Seven 1837). species This are new endemic list increases to Bahia in and 50 %three the of them could be included in the Brazilian National Red List, which would promote action plans towards their conservation. Introduction acromelas Tityus bahiensis, T. The order Scorpiones represents only 1.5 % of the serrulatus and T. stigmurus. However, since the 1980’s known arachnids, comprising 16 families, 155 genera Lutz and Mello, 1922], and approximately 1,500 species (Fet et al. 2000), with a work and, consequently, publications, reaching a total total richness estimated in 7,000 species (Coddington and ofthis 18 number species is in increasing, last decade due (Lira-da-Silva to the expansion et al. of2005). field Colwell 2001). Nearly 50 % of the described species occurs on the Neotropical region (8 families, 48 genera and about 800 species) (Lourenço 2002a), and about 130 species (LourençoAs a result 2002b, of intensive Lira-da-Silva field work et al. in 2005), the last and 12 another years, are recognized in Brazil. Considering the vast territorial ninethree speciesspecies werebelonging registered to four for differentthe first timegenera to Bahiawere dimension of the country and its vegetation diversity, the described (Lourenço 1997; Lourenço and Pinto-da-Rocha Brazilian scorpion fauna cannot be considered megadiverse 1997; Lourenço 2001a; 2003; 2004; Lourenço et al. 2004; (Lourenço and Eickstedt 2003). However, in recent years, Candido et al. 2005; Lenarducci et al. 2005; Giupponi et al. high rates of richness, diversity and endemism for the 2009). Besides, one species was synonimized (Souza et scorpiofauna have been recorded for some areas (e.g. Höfer al. 2009) and another was relocated to a different genus et al. 1996; Lourenço 2005), and for others, the studies are (Lourenço 2007). Thus, it is necessary to update the species inventory of scorpions from the State of Bahia, to as in the state of Bahia. scanty, despite the frequent findings of undescribed species, Tityus bahiensis (Perty, 1833), however, Lourenço (1982a) collectionssummarize theof some recent Brazilian modifications states, and especially findings. in public statedThe that first this scorpion location species might havedescribed been misunderstood,for Bahia was Presently, scorpions from Bahia are present in scientific and that this species might not even occur in the region. In source of information regarding the composition of the biodiversityinstitutions. Scientificand its spatialcollections and aretemporal the most distribution. important three species were listed for Bahia: Centrurus stenochirus Therefore, they constitute permanent records of the natural (Penther,the first list 1913) of scorpions (city offrom Barra), Brazil Centrurus(Maurano 1918),barythenar only heritage of the Earth and the basis to develop several (Penther, 1913) (city of Juazeiro), both synonimized by et al. 2005). Since the beginning Lourenço (1982b) with Rhopalurus rochai Borelli, 1910, of the 20th and Bothriurus vittatus researchesscorpions by (Magalhães researchers established a database with the century, the identification and recording of (Guerin-Meneville, 1838) (city of knowledge of the scorpiofauna from Bahia. InJuazeiro), 1935, Pessôamisidentified indicated by theKarl occurrence Kraepelin (1848-1915),of two more confidence necessary to support this work on the state of speciesonce this for species this region: is restricted Tityus serrulatus to Chile (Mattoni 2002). Material and Methods 1922 and T. stigmurus (Thorell, 1876). Until the 1950’s, Study site only seven species and one subspecies wereLutz registered and Mello, for The state of Bahia is located in the northeast region Isometrus maculatus (DeGeer, of Brazil between parallels 8° and 18° S and meridians 1778), Rhopalurus agamemnom R. 37° and 45° W, with an area of 565 thousand km2, which rochaiBahia ,(Mello-Leitão R. stenochirus 1945): [synonimized by Lourenço (1982b) represents 7 % of the Brazilian territory and 36 % of with Rhopalurus rochai], Rhopalurus(C.L. stenochirus Koch, goiasensis1839), the northeast region. It has the longest coastline of the [synonimized by Lourenço (1982b) with Rhopalurus country and comprises 417 cities from the sea level until Check List | Volume 6 | Issue 2 | 2010 292 Porto et al. | Scorpions, state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil more than 1,200 m high. The weather varies from dry to humid, the temperature ranges from 14 to 34 °C and the annual precipitation from 300 to more than 2,000 mm the East portion; to the West, the semiarid occupies more than(SEI 2008).50 % of The the Atlantic state, and Forest a great biome variety occurs of especially “Caatingas”, in savannas, different types of forests and “campos rupestres” occur (Giulietti 2005). These geographic and climatic peculiarities are determinant to the occurrence of one of the most diverse biota in the whole country. Data Collection Seven collections from four Brazilian states were consulted: Instituto Butantan, São Paulo (IBSP – A.D. Brescovit, curator); Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia (MZUFBA – T.K. Brazil, curator); Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP – R. Pinto- da-Rocha, curator); Centro de Informações Antiveneno do LaboratórioEstado da Bahia de Invertebrados (CIAVE – D.S. Rodrigues,Terrestres director);da Universidade Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ – A.B. Kury, curator); curator); and Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia Federal de Pernambuco (UFPEIn –total, C.M.R. there Albuquerque, were 5,700 records, comprehending a period of 100 years (1908- 2008).(UESB – L. Boccardo, curator). Figure 1. In order to complement the species lists and records, Bothriurus araguayae; B) Bothriurus asper; C) Bothriurus rochai; D) we also included data from taxonomic articles of the Ananteris balzaniiScorpions; E) Ananterisfrom the mauryistate of; F) Bahia, Physoctonus northeastern debilis . Brazil:Photos byA) species whose type locality were in Bahia (Lourenço 1981; Lourenço and Eickstedt 1984; Lourenço 1997; Lourenço D.M. Candido (A and D) and T.J. Porto (B, C, E and F). and Pinto-da-Rocha 1997; Lourenço 2001a; 2003; 2004; The scorpions were recorded in all biomes and Lourenço et al. 2004; Candido et al. 2005; Lenarducci phytophysiognomies, from the coastal zone to high altitude et al. 2005; Giupponi et al. 2009), and articles with the areas throughout the state (3-1,268 m). The “Caatinga” biome geographical distribution of scorpions which occur in showed the greatest richness of species, with 22 of the 28 species recorded (79 % of the total richness), followed by the 1945; Lourenço 1982a; b; c; Lourenço and Eickstedt 1988; Lourençothis region and (Maurano Clodsley-Thompson 1918; Pessôa 1996; 1935; Lira-da-Silva Mello-Leitão et (39 %). The distribution of the species was unequal, existing al. 1997; Lourenço and Clodsley-Thompson 1999; Fet et al. generalistAtlantic Forest, and widely with 16 distributed (57 %), and scorpions the “Cerrado”, occurring with in 11all three biomes, such as Tityus serrulatus and T. stigmurus, et al. 2005; Santos et al. 2006; and also scorpions restricted to a single locality, such as Lourenço2000; Ministério 2007; Bertani da Saúde et al.2001; 2008; Lourenço Souza et 2001b; al. 2009). 2002b; Ananteris kuryi Kovařík 2003; Lira-da-Silva 2009, Rhopalurus guanambiensis Lenarducci, Pinto-da- Results and Discussion Rocha and Lucas, Giupponi,2005, R. lacrau Vasconcelos Lourenço and and Lourenço,Pinto-da- Twenty eight species grouped in seven genera Rocha, 1997 and Troglorhopalurus translucidus Lourenço, (Bothriurus Peters, 1861, Ananteris Thorell, 1891, Baptista and Giupponi, 2004 (Table 1). On the other hand, Isometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, Physoctonus there were also wide distributed species occurring in only 1934, Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876, Tityus one vegetation type, such as Rhopalurus rochai in open and Troglorhopalurus Lourenço, Baptista andMello-Leitão, Giupponi, vegetation areas, like “Caatinga” and “Cerrado”,