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134 Results of Bacillus Subtilis Against Major 134 T.Batchimeg, B.Dondov, Journal of agricultural sciences №15 (02): 134-137, 2015 RESULTS OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS AGAINST MAJOR DISEASES ON GREENHOUSE CROPS T.Batchimeg*, B.Dondov Plant protection research institute, MULS, Mongolia *- Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis and other Bacilli have long been used in the field of agriculture as a biocontrol reagent to protect plants against soil-borne plant pathogens. Evaluation the efficacy of bio-agents, application as foliar spray against vegetables foliar diseases incidence was carried out in greenhouse conditions. The tested Russian bioagents Bacillus subtilis-26D, and Bacillus subtilis-M-22 were evaluated. The recorded foliar diseases, i.e. Powdery mildew, Angular spots of Cucumber, Early, Late blights of Tomato were significantly reduced at all treatments either alone or in combinations comparing with untreated plants. Application with either B. subtilis-26D and B.subtilis-M22 showed significant reduction in diseases incidence comparing with the untreated control. KEY WORDS: tomato, cucumber, bioagent, fungi, bacteria INTRODUCTION Vegetable crops grown under protected cultivation, the leaves, stems and fruits of cucumber grown in facing a serious problem due to diseases infection greenhouses. Late and early blights of tomato caused that cause about 10-15 % loss of produced yield Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani were because of favourable environment for disease also recorded in growing greenhouse tomato. incidence and development. Therefore, many control Among the biocontrol agents, species of the strain practices need to be integrated in order for Bacillus subtilis is most promising and effective minimizing this figure to occur. Powdery mildew as biocontrol agent. well as Early and Late blights are the most serious The aim of present study is to evaluate the abilities foliar diseases attacked vegetables grown in plastic of foliar spray with bio-control agents for controlling houses. Powdery mildew disease is one of the most Powdery mildew and angular spot of Cucumber, serious plant diseases, causing large yield losses in a Early and Late blights of Tomato under greenhouse number of crops. Powdery mildew caused by conditions. Sphaerotheca fuliginea, is a serious disease affecting T.Batchimeg, B.Dondov, Journal of agricultural sciences №15 (02): 134-137, 2015 135 MATERIALS AND METHODS We use transplants of cucumber, tomato and Determining marking damage scale: antagonistic bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis 26D 0 score: no disease symptoms have shown and Bacillus subtilis M-22 in this study. 1 score:until 10% of leaf surface is damaged Bio-agent application against vegetables foliar 2 score:until 11-25% of leaf surface is damaged diseases was carried out in greenhouse, 3 score:until 26-50% of leaf surface is damaged Bayanchandmani soum, Tov province. 4 score:more than 51% of leaf surface is damaged Transplants of Cucumber and Tomato were planted Determining disease development: in natural sandy soil as sexty plants per pot and tree When determining disease development by methods replicates in each particular foliar treatment. Foliar Popkova Ì.Ê, mean of disease damage is expressed RESULTS OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS AGAINST MAJOR DISEASES ON GREENHOUSE CROPS spraying with tested bio-agent- Bacillus subtilis, by percentage. Disease development is calculated by were applied twice with tree weeks intervals starting following the formula. one week from transplanting. One week after the second antagonistic foliar application, foliar ( ) 100 T.Batchimeg*, B.Dondov = artificial infestations with Sphaerotheca fuliginea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. lacrymans the causal Px- diseΣ ase∗ dev∗elopment, % Plant protection research institute, MULS, Mongolia fungi and bacteria of Cucumber, Alternaria solani à- number of ∗infected plants *- Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] and Phytophthora infestans of tomato. n- number of plants to be estimated All experiments were set up in a complete ê- highest score of disease progress randomized design. One-way ANOVA was used to Biocontrol efficacy was calculated using the ABSTRACT analyze differences between applied treatments and following formula of Abbot disease incidence. Bacillus subtilis and other Bacilli have long been used in the field of agriculture as a biocontrol reagent to Determining disease prevalence: Disease ( ) 100 = protect plants against soil-borne plant pathogens. Evaluation the efficacy of bio-agents, application as foliar prevalence have been calculated using the formula spray against vegetables foliar diseases incidence was carried out in greenhouse conditions. The tested of Dementeva Ì.N (1970, 1985), Geshele E.E − ∗ Α Russian bioagents Bacillus subtilis-26D, and Bacillus subtilis-M-22 were evaluated. The recorded foliar (1971). A- Biological efficacy,% diseases, i.e. Powdery mildew, Angular spots of Cucumber, Early, Late blights of Tomato were significantly = 100 Ê- Disease development in control, % reduced at all treatments either alone or in combinations comparing with untreated plants. Application with O- Disease development in variant treated with P- disease prevalence, % either B. subtilis-26D and B.subtilis-M22 showed significant reduction in diseases incidence comparing with à- number of di sease∙d plants involved in experiment biocontrol agents, % the untreated control. N- total number of plants involved in experiment KEY WORDS: tomato, cucumber, bioagent, fungi, bacteria RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results in Table (1) represented the species diseases comparing with untreated control. INTRODUCTION composition of tomato and cucumber diseases in the Application with B. subtilis showed significant Bayanchandmani greenhouse. On cucumber we reduction in diseases incidence comparing with the Vegetable crops grown under protected cultivation, the leaves, stems and fruits of cucumber grown in detected 5 fungal, 2 bacterial and 1 virul, on tomato control. The recorded percentage of Powdery facing a serious problem due to diseases infection greenhouses. Late and early blights of tomato caused 4 fungal, 2 bacterial and 1 virul diseases. We mildew in bio-agents spray application ranged that cause about 10-15 % loss of produced yield Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani were calculated disease prevalence and development between 18.7-27.2%, angular spot is 6.7-10.5% in because of favourable environment for disease also recorded in growing greenhouse tomato. before and after application bioagents and on tomato Cucumber comparing with 75.0-53.3% in control incidence and development. Therefore, many control Among the biocontrol agents, species of the strain disease prevalence is 3.3-11.2% and development is treatment, respectively. Tomato plants recorded practices need to be integrated in order for Bacillus subtilis is most promising and effective 3.3-6.7%. On cucumber disease prevalence is 5.0- Early and Late blights infection as 5.0-16.0% and minimizing this figure to occur. Powdery mildew as biocontrol agent. 20.0% and disease development is 5.0-14.1%. Data 4.0-7.0%, comparing with unsprayed plants which well as Early and Late blights are the most serious The aim of present study is to evaluate the abilities showed in the table 2. showed diseases incidence calculated as 11.0% and foliar diseases attacked vegetables grown in plastic of foliar spray with bio-control agents for controlling In table (3) presented data showed that two applied 14.0% for both diseases, respectively. houses. Powdery mildew disease is one of the most Powdery mildew and angular spot of Cucumber, bioagents significantly reduced the recorded foliar serious plant diseases, causing large yield losses in a Early and Late blights of Tomato under greenhouse number of crops. Powdery mildew caused by conditions. Sphaerotheca fuliginea, is a serious disease affecting 136 T.Batchimeg, B.Dondov, Journal of agricultural sciences №15 (02): 134-137, 2015 Table 1 The species composition of diseases in the greenhouse in Byaynchandmani soum, 2014 Phylum Class Family Genus Species Tomato Heterokontophyta Oomycota Pythiaceae Phytophthora Phytophthora infestans Ascomycota Dothideomycetes Pleosporaceae Alternaria Alternaria solani Ascomycota Dothideomycetes Mycosphaerellacea Septoria Septoria lycopersici e Ascomycota Dothideomycetes Davidiellaceae Cladosporium Cladosporium fulvum Ascomycota Sordariomycetes Nectriaceae Fusarium Fusarium oxysporum f.lycopersici Actinobacteria Actinomycetales Microbacteriaceae Clavibacter Corynebacterium michiganense Proteobacteria Gamma Xanthomonaceae Xanthomonas Xanthomonas campestris proteobacteria pv.vesicatoria Croup V Unassigned Bunyaviridae Tospovirus Tomato virus L Cucumber Ascomycota Leotiomycetes Erysiphales Sphaerotheca Sphaerotheca fuliginea Ascomycota Leotiomycetes Sclerotiniaceae Sclerotinia Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Ascomycota Sordariomycetes Glomerellaceae Colletotrichum Colletotrichum orbiculare Ascomycota Dothideomycetes Pleosporaceae Alternaria Alternaria cucumerinum Heterokontophyta Oomycetes Peronosporaceae Pseudoperono Pseudoperonospora spora cubensis Proteobacteria Gamma Pseudomonaceae Pseudomonas Pseudomonas proteobacteria syringaepv.lachrymans Croup IV Unassigned Bromoviridae Cucumovirus Cucumber mosaic virus Table 2 Marking damage scale of dominant crop disease in greenhouse. 2014. Score s d nt % 0 1 2 3 4 , % a te , a nt pl e e e se se c s a a - t n e tim at of ed /3 Pathogen 3 s e o i ot se r se l D r 2 or e i i p opm 1/ a d l sp s e be m D D v til n b
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