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Newspaper Articles 2018 Linton and District History Society Where History Comes To Life Newspaper Articles 2018 page 1 Linton and District History Society Where History Comes To Life 2018 Newspaper Articles The Glorious First of June - page 1 The First Victory of the Synchronised Machine Gun - page 2 The Hanoveran Succession - page 4 September Anniversaries - page 6 Mrs. Beeton Remembered - page 9 The Glorious Revolution - page 11 The First Lady Elected To Parliment - page 13 The Graf Zeppelin - page 14 The Kennel Club - page 15 Heat Wave - page 16 Great Fire of 1666 - page 17 Common practices of Women and Men artists - page 18 Buffalo Bill - page 21 The Goucestershire Warwickshire Steam Railway Company - page 23 Napoleon Bonaparte’s first abdication - page 26 1st August Anniversaries - page 28 11th July, 1882 - page 30 Newport Transporter Bridge - page 33 Many dead in London - page 35 Blackpool Illuminations - page 37 The Cinema in the Woods - page 39 Then there was light! - page 40 Warsaw remembered - page 42 After the Armistice - page 43 The Christmas Tree - page 50 The Gunpowder Plot of crime, murder and terrorism - page 55 The Geneva Convention - page 56 A Pennyworth of Art - page 61 Linton Visits Burton Court - page 65 Linton and District History Society Where History Comes To Life The Glorious First of June By 1794 the French Revolution was already five years old and had resulted in the murder not only of their King and Queen, but thousands of French men, women and children, whilst those still alive starved, her ragged armies fought almost all their neighbours. To alleviate the starvation a grain convoy with fleet protection was gathered in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. In an attempt to frustrate delivery to the port of Brest our Channel Fleet of 25 mainly Ships of the Line, the battleships of the day, under the command of Admiral Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe engaged the French Atlantic Fleet some 400 nautical miles off the French coast. The French Fleet of 26 mainly Ships of the Line, commanded by Vice Admiral Louis-Thomas Villaret de Joyeuse, were sailing in line ahead as was our fleet, but with the wind astern Admiral Howe was able to close with the enemy and for the first time ordered the fleet to sail straight towards the French ships in order that each ship would sail through separate enemy ships thus causing immense damage with gun fire through their stern windows. Unfortunately the order was understood by only six Captains, but nevertheless very considerable damage resulted. Our casualties amounted to 1,200 whilst the French suffered 4,000 casualties, 3,000 captured, 6 Ships of the Line captured and 1 sunk. However the grain was not lost and the Merchant Men reached their French destination. Both sides at the time claimed victory, but our subsequent blockade of the enemy’s ports proved a success. Article by Dorian Osborne. Reprinted from The Chimes OnLine - https://www.thechimes.org.uk/historical-blog page 1 Linton and District History Society Where History Comes To Life The First Victory of the Synchronised Machine Gun I will refer to the first successful use in flight of a synchronised aerial machine gun on the 1st July, 1915 on the Western Front. This was, and still is, a profoundly significant moment in the history of military aviation as previously almost all military and naval aircraft required a pilot and a gunner, the pilot could not carry out both functions. Prior to the synchronised machine gun the gunner was armed with a rifle, revolver and a machine gun mounted where it could be operated by the gunner. The illustration depicting two aircraft shows a Royal Flying Corps “pusher” aircraft and a German “tractor” propeller configuration. The propeller of the “pusher” is installed behind the pilot and its engine can be seen. The tractor version was faster and more manoeuvrable in flight, but had the disadvantage that there was a very real danger of the gunner or pilot, in his enthusiasm, shooting the blades off the propeller with inevitable fatal consequences, which happened all too often, especially as parachutes were not provided. As early as 1910 August Euler designed a synchroniser gear to enable a machine gun to be fired through the arc of a spinning propeller without the bullets striking the blades. Both France and Germany conducted research into synchronisation gear during 1913 and 1914, but there were inevitable problems, both with timing of gun and propeller. Also any slight variation in the manufacture, which at ground level used by infantry did not matter, could cause a slight delay in firing, enough for the bullet to strike the propeller blade. On the first July, 1915 Leutnant Kurt Wintgens successfully engaged a French Morane Saulnier near Luneville at 1800 hours flying a Fokker Eindecker fitted with a synchronised machine gun, and this is the first time that such an aircraft with this type of gun scored a victory. Leutnant Wintgens was awarded an Iron Cross and the Pour le Merite or “Blue Max”. Both Leutnant Wintgens and the Fokker Eindecker he piloted are illustrated. By the 1930’s increasingly the function of fighter aircraft was to engage all metal bombers for which the light machine gun was quite unsuitable, that heaver guns mounted in the wings became the standard, the arrangement for the Super marine Spitfire, Hurricane and Messerschmitt. page 2 Linton and District History Society Where History Comes To Life Leutnant Kurt Wintgens Fokker Eindecker Article by Dorian Osborne. Reprinted from The Chimes OnLine - https://www.thechimes.org.uk/historical-blog page 3 Linton and District History Society Where History Comes To Life The Hanoveran Succession On the 1st August, 1714 the anticipated death of Queen Anne occurred, the last monarch of the Royal House of Stuart, who died without a successor, her only child, Prince William, having died on the 30th July, 1700. This left a constitutional dilemma which had not been resolved during her lifetime. Normally, all things being equal, the succession would have been straightforward, Prince James Francis Edward Stuart, Prince of Wales, known as the Old Pretender, as the legitimate eldest son of King James II would have been proclaimed King, after all Anne was the younger daughter of King James II and Anne Hyde, and Mary the elder daughter, married to King William III had died without leaving a successor. Thus Prince James Stuart, the son of King James II and his second wife Mary of Modena is the obvious successor. But there was a problem, the Roman Catholic James II fled to Ireland, driven out by a combination of anti-Catholics and the forces of the protestant William of Orange. After defeat at the Battle of the Boyne, despite French assistance the now ex James II retired to the Court of His Most Christian Majesty King Louis XIV, the Sun King. Unsuccessful French intrigues to re-instate James and later his son Prince James Francis merely fuelled colonial rivalry between us and the French. Almost constant warfare between the Catholic League and Protestants had raged somewhere in Europe since the early 1500s to the Peace of Westphalia in 1649 except the Netherlands had to wait for the Treaty of Rijswijk of 1697. There was no stomach for more Catholics v. Protestants wars, and the Country had already had enough of the dictatorship of the Puritans. There was only one other candidate, the Elector of Hanover. Why Hanover? You may ask. Elizabeth, sister of the martyred King Charles I married Frederick V of the Palatinate of the Rhine by whom she had thirteen children. Sophie, the 12th married Ernest Augustus of Hanover, who was created Elector in 1692. It was Sophie who commissioned the house and gardens at Herren Hausen, which is where she died on the 7th June, 1714, less than two months before her son, now the Elector, George Louis of Brunswick-Luneburg was proclaimed King of Great Britain on the 1st August, 1714. Although the Coronation on the 20th October, 1714 of a minor German prince was not to everyone’s liking, especially those favouring the Stuart cause, there is no doubt that the incorporation of Hanover extended British power and prestige. Not only were we now a significant player on the Continental stage, but the Hanoverian army greatly increased our military might. With the Sun King’s active support the Old Pretender launched a bid for the Crown by landing at Peterhead on 22nd December, 1714, but although proclaimed King James III by his supporters, a combination of ill health and the approach of Government troops led to his departure from Montrose on 5th February, 1715. King George I never mastered the English language and was accused of spending too much time in Hanover. His residence, Herren Hausen is today part of the European Garden Heritage Network, visited by thousands every year, where its magnificent gardens are preserved much as they were during the time of their creator Sophie Kurfurstin von Hanover, niece of King Charles I, and mother of King George I. page 4 Linton and District History Society Where History Comes To Life Sophie when a young lady The marble statue of Sophie Kurfurstin von Hanover placed on the spot in the gardens of Herren Hausen where she died on 7th June, 1714 A view of part of the gardens at Herren Hausen photographed in 2014 Article by Dorian Osborne. Reprinted from The Chimes OnLine - https://www.thechimes.org.uk/historical-blog page 5 Linton and District History Society Where History Comes To Life September Anniversaries For the month of September, 2018 your scribe has much to choose from, being the anniversaries of happenings on the 1st September.
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