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Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen

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Tel.: (++49) 0201 830 38-28 Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Fax : (++49) 0201 830 38-30 Präsidentschaftswahlen Email: philippinenbuero@ asienhaus.de 2010 in den Philippinen Web: www.philippinenbuero.de

20.-21.März 2010, Jugendherberge Bonn-Venusberg

Materialien zur weiterführenden Lektüre:

Background of the Philippine Electoral System (page 2)

Overview of the Party-List System in the (p. 3)

A Summary of the Programs and Platforms of Government of all Candidates for the Presidency (p. 6)

Automated System for the 2010 Philippine Elections (p. 15)

Philippines fears electoral Chaos (p. 17)

Foreign Observers says RP vote lacks Transparency (p. 20)

Pre-Election Survey 24.-28.02.2010 (p. 20)

Weitere Informationen (p. 24)

Zusammengestellt von: Jolita Atienza, Katharina Wilkin

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Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen

Background on the Philippine Electoral System , by Jolita Atienza One of the many salient changes that The House of Chambers is bicameral, the 1987 Philippine Constitution with the Senate and House of brought was the establishment of a Representatives. The 24 member new system of elections. The 1972 Senate has senators elected for six charter, which the current one year terms, half of which are elected modified, was used by Ferdinand every three years. Representatives or Marcos to extend and prolong his grip Congressmen are limited to three on power. Thus, certain provisions terms, senators to two. were altered in order clip the length of Local government officials are elected the President and Vice-President’s to three year terms, with a three term terms, those serving in both House limit. Chambers (Congress) and those running for local or regional posts like governors, mayors, barangay chairman and so on.

Like most countries in the world, those who are eligible to vote in the Philippines should be 18 years of age or above on the day of voting. Likewise the system of voting is through popular vote, meaning the candidate who garners the most Senators, congressmen and local number of votes wins. The COMELEC government officials are elected in (Commission on Elections) mid-term elections, but during the meanwhile, is mandated by the presidential election, they all can be Constitution to administer the elected at the same time elections and campaigns. Said constitution likewise gives the For the party-list in Congress, the COMELEC the power to accredit group must win 2% of the vote. No private or citizen backed groups (like party-list party may have more than 3 the National Movement for Free seats (see section on Party-list). Elections), which are tasked to help References: oversee the elections. http://countrystudies.us/philippines/86.ht m Things to remember: http://aceproject.org/regions-en/countries- The president and vice president are and-territories/PH elected for six year terms. They are http://www.philsol.nl/pir/JR-98a.htm forbidden to run again after their term http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_the ends. _Philippines

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Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen

Overview of the Party-List System in the Philippines , Jolita Atienza As an effort to provide ample five are considered to have substantial representation for the voiceless and chances of garnering the maximum under-represented, the party-list number of seats. These are as system in the Philippines was follows: institutionalized after its inclusion in 1. (8.03%) the 1987 Philippine Constitution under 2. Aangat Pilipino (6.34%) Section 5 Article 6. 3. Anak Pawis (5.88 %) 4. Gabriela Women’s Party The party-list was later strengthened (5.55%) with the passage of Republic Act 5. (5.07%) 7941, which in some ways provided a definition of the system, its The above figures are taken from the proportional representation in the latest survey conducted by House of Representatives and, and from 22-26 of January and appropriation of funds. As stipulated in subsequently published in national the said law, those included in the broadsheets like the Philippine Daily party-list system are “ parties, Inquirer. association, sectoral groups that For the 2007 elections, 13 party-lists represent Filipino citizens belonging to were proclaimed winners, with the top the marginalized or under-represented five namely: sector .” 1. Buhay (Buhay hayaan humabong) - 1,163,218 votes With regards to the proportional 2. Bayan Muna – 927,730 votes representation, it was stated that: “ Of 3. Cibac (Citizens Battle against the total membership of the House of corruption) – 760,260 v. Representatives, 20 percent is 4. Gabriela – 610,451 v. allocated for party list representatives 5. APEC (Association of Philippine including those under the party list”. Electric Cooperatives) – 538,971 v. Likewise, parties or groups that are running should at least garner two The above groups, reported by the percent of the total votes for the party- Philippine Daily Inquirer dated 10 July list to obtain one seat. 2007 were able to capture more than 1 or 2 seats each. The maximum number of seats, on the other hand, is three. Bayan Muna Often accused as a front of the Party-List Groups running in the CPP/NPA, Bayan Muna is a highly 2010 Elections progressive which has To date, there are 187 groups vying been three times elected into the for at least one seat per group in the House of Representatives. Founded in House of Representatives. Of the 187, September 1999, the objective of the Seite | 3

Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen group is to represent the ordinary marginalized sectors of society. The (common tao or masa), such group believes that by participating in as those considered part of the Congress, “it can inject its influence, peasantry, the downtrodden, thus putting forward policies and indigenous people and urban poor by programs that would strengthen providing them with a genuine and programs for the toiling masses.” likewise new of politics. Conceptualized in 2002 under the With its solid grass roots support, tutelage of the late Rep. Crispin Bayan Muna now has offices in 13 Beltran, Anak Pawis is also working regions and 57 chapters scattered in hand in hand with other genuine various cities, municipalities and progressive political parties to provide towns. a legitimate voice for the struggle of the masses.To date, the party has For this year, the group is again vying established offices and chapters in 15 for a party-list slot, and widely regions in the country. From the latest expected to capture the maximum surveys, it is expected to capture three number of seats. Its president and party list seats. founding member , is running for a senate seat, along with Gabriela Women’s Party as guest candidates of the An outcome of the militant women’s under Senator movement Gabriela, the GWP has Manuel Villar. been part of the electoral process since it first fielded its representative Aangat Pinoy in 2001. During that time however, Apart from being reported as coming Rep. Liza Maza run under the Bayan in as close second in the surveys right Muna Party, but was later fielded by after Bayan Muna, not much is known the GWP in 2004 after her successful about Aangat Pilipino (or Pinoy). It is foray in Congress. Since becoming however said that the group is part of the House of Congress, supported by Agusan Congressman Gabriela Women’s Party was able to Rodolfo Ompong Plaza, who is vying author two significant bills that for a senate seat under former empowered women and promoted President Estrada’s Puwersa ng Masa their rights: The Anti-Trafficking political Party. Person Act and, the Anti-Violence Against Women and Children Act. Anak Pawis The electoral representative of the Formally established in 2000, GWP is militant group Kilusang Mayo Uno, one of the 5 top party-list groups Anak Pawis is a progressive party running in the 2010 elections. Liza which touts itself as the voice of the Maza, its Secretary General, on the working masses, peasants and other other hand is vying for a senate seat Seite | 4

Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen under Manuel Villar’s Nacionalista garnered a slot in the 2007 elections – Party. As the name suggests, Gabriela the other one was Walden Bello – will Women’s Party’s key thrust is to fight be running for a senate seat as a for the rights and welfare of Filipino guest candidate of the Liberal Party. women “through participation in the BANTAY or Bantay Katarungan country’s electoral system and organs Foundation 1 of governance.” Earning a bit of notoriety for its Akbayan Citizen’s Action Party association with retired General Jovito Akbayan, also known as the Akbayan Palparan, this party-list group Citizen’s Action Party was conceived captured a seat in Congress when the by broad based social movement Supreme Court came out with a ruling groups, clamouring for political in 2009, increasing the number of transformation. The clamour for party-list seats by adding 55 more. change was brought about by the Bantay, which garnered only 169, 869 growing frustration over the type of votes was not eligible in 2007, democracy in the country, wherein benefited from this ruling. Thus, only the interests of the elite and Bantay was able to gain one seat, with powerful are heard. People Power Palparan as its first representative. came and went, but sadly the very Aside from gaining quite a reputation people and groups who took part were for having Palparan, touted by the left “never included in the decision making and progressives as “the Butcher”, this and policy implementation.” party-list group is said to represent rebel and CAFGU returnees and, men So to provide an alternative way of and women whose main task is to governance, which encourages provide security such as security participation from all sectors of guards. The group's mission, as stated society, the party was formally in its website is to support those who established in 1998 - a result of four are in the frontline of defense and years of holding consultations and security by providing them with ample synchronizing the grievances and economic and social empowerment. aspirations of those representing labour, the peasantry, urban poor, References: homosexuals, professionals and http://library.fes.de/pdf- overseas workers. files/bueros/philippinen/50074.pdf http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno Since 1998, Akbayan has participated 7941.htm in the electoral system and has won 1 seats in Congress. For the 2010 Was not included in the top 5 party- list groups of 2007. However, this group elections, it is expected to garner 3 has earned the ire and some say even party list seats. Riza Hontiveros admiration from some sectors because of Palparan's reputation. Baranquel, one of two member who Seite | 5

Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen

A Summary of the Programs and Platforms of Government of all Candidates for the Presidency ; by Jolita Atienza Benigno Noynoy Aquino already in place, but were not (key programs: Lowering of taxes, implemented due to lack of political development over patronage, coding will is likewise Aquino’s proposal. the existing laws, running after tax Bringing the bloated deficit down . With evaders, continuing successful tax the country facing a looming crisis policies such as RATE, investing in over the budget deficit, Aquino infrastructure) proposes to trim it, by not executing With the objective of shifting the status new laws that would only increase or quo of economic survival to that of impose new taxes but rather, run after robust economic growth, Aquino’s tax evaders and big-time smugglers. platform for government is to Catching these two would entail “transform the country from that of a supporting the BIR’s (Bureau of poor Philippines to middle class Internal Revenue) tax collection and Philippines.” Doing this, as Aquino continuing the bureau’s effective purports would mean repairing the programs like the RATE (Run after damage on the democratic institutions, Tax Evaders). Measures would also improving the situation of the people, be introduced in the Bureau of giving the youth ample opportunities to Customs so as smugglers would not improve and, making government leap go unscathed. Aside from these, from patronage to that of Aquino furthermore proposes lowering development. From these aims, he tax rates so as to encourage the enumerated several programmes that people to save or spend on local would meet his platform and targets. commodities. Tax exemptions on the priviledged few would be ended. Recodifiying existing laws . While the legislative and executive branches of “With these measures and effective government are not wanting in laws, tax administration, Aquino hopes to Aquino stresses that legislating new bring the deficit to a 15 percent level, laws is not his priority, but rather up from the current 13 percent, which recodifying the ones that are in would hopefully translate to P150 existence so as to put everything in billion additional revenues.” order. This he said would help ease the burden on legislators or members Levelling the playing field . Previous of the legal community who are often governments have always been dumbfounded at times with accused of fostering crony capitalism, overlapping regulations or laws that to the detriment of over-all economic have had been amended or repealed. development. In order to change this Fully enforcing workable laws that are perception, Aquino plans to level the playing field by not cultivating close

Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen relationships with businessmen or Manuel business groups who only have self- (key programs: social justice and serving interests. “His government eradication of poverty) would also not use regulatory powers Capitalizing on his humble beginnings, to harass or intimidate”. Those who Presidentiable candidate Manny Villar would wish to do business in the is focusing his platform on issues that country would not anymore be he sees would not only help uplift grappled with endless bureaucracy as more than half of the Filipino he plans to “ streamline the approval population but likewise, boost the process in both national and local economic standing of the country in levels.” the region. These programs are Improving infrastructure. With regards anchored on two points: eradicating to infrastructure programmes, in order poverty and having a genuine social to ensure that projects are not bloated justice. and wastes are minimized, he would Under the anti-poverty agenda, Villar set up cooperative committees listed down two ways of solving the composed not only of concerned problem: promoting the spirit of agencies and Local Government entrepreneurship and supporting the Units, but also, members of the private country's agricultural sector. Under sector. “ This cooperative venture will entrepreneurship, he would change then come up with a viable and the banking system so as to make comprehensive plan that optimizes the sure that small players (i.e. Small and value of the entire network.” Medium Enterprises, SMEs) have a Vice President: Manuel chance to take part in a-levelled- playing field. This could be done by Liberal Party Senatorial slate: providing them easy access to credits 1. Former Congressman or, funds from government. By Neric Acosta empowering the SMEs, jobs are also 2. Congressman Ruffy generated for Filipinos so that there Biazon would be no need for them to leave 3. Akbayan Congressman Risa their loved ones in search for job Hontiveros opportunities abroad. Those who are 4. TG Guingona in the agricultural sector meanwhile, 5. Former Senate President especially those who have had been affected with the opening up of the 6. Sonia Roco international markets , would be 7. Former Senator supported by strengthening the rural 8. Martin Bautista finance infrastructures and micro- 9. Yasmin Busrao Lao finance institutes and, providing 10. Danilo Danny Lim Seite | 7

Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen technical expertise .” Furthermore, aid Joseph Erap Ejercito Estrada would be extended to owners of small (key programs: peace and order, food and medium-sized lands. security, graft and corruption)

With the antipoverty program on top of Continuing his platform of governance his agenda, Villar envisions that the which was abruptly ended with his country can achieve no less than ouster in 2001, Joseph Erap Estrada seven percent annual GDP (Gross is once again focusing his agenda on Domestic Product) Growth. Specificity securing the country's peace and is somewhat vague with regards to his order, improving and social injustice programme. What he ending graft and corruption. did stress is that in order to solve the Securing peace and order is his injustices, those coming from all topmost concern as he believes that political and social colours should be no matter how sound and investor given ample representation. Aside friendly the policies are of the from this, mechanisms that deal with government, no business and human and individual rights will be economic development will come if strengthened so as to circumvent lawlessness, terrorism and violence abuses. Regarding abuses done by permeate. Thus, it is imperative that a) government, he added that loose firearms and private armies be transparency will be promoted in all dismantled; b) a just and lasting peace government dealings so as to avoid agreement down South be firmly graft and corruption. Dubious and implemented; and c) the insurgency questionable transactions entered into movement of the CPP/NPA be ended. by previous governments will again be scrutinized to the very last detail. Dismantling private armies . Citing the , which Vice-President: occurred in December 2009, Erap Nacionalista Senatorial Slate: promises to end the reign of anarchy 1. Former Marine Capt. Ramon not only in the region, but Mon-mon Mitra likewise in areas where political and 2. Senator clan rivalries are strongest. 3. Susan Ople Warlordism would then be stopped by 4. Congressman immediately confiscating arms and Ferdinand Bongnong Marcos weaponry and, setting up strict 5. Col. Ariel Querubin guidelines that would not only 6. Atty. Adel Tamano dismantle existing private armies but 7. Gwendolyn Pimentel Gano likewise illegalize their formation in the 8. Bayan Muna Representative future. Satur Ocampo 9. Gabriela Party Repr. Liza Maza Seite | 8

Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen

Just and lasting peace in Mindanao. “allocation of 25 percent of the yearly While firmly believing that negotiations loan portfolio of banks to small between the government and farmers and agrarian reform secessionist should always be on the beneficiaries; and developing post- table in order to attain relative peace, harvest facilities and introducing he stresses that the country’s comprehensive irrigation systems” that territorial integrity should not be are cost effective. Promoting sacrificed, referring to the aggressive research not only on crops Memorandum of Agreement on but also on livestock, poultry, Ancestral Domain which Estrada is also under his food programme. believes almost dismembered the Transparency in all government republic. Forging peace with the MILF dealings on the other hand will be his is inevitable as it would benefit the way in dealing with the country’s country. However, an all-out war in worsening graft and corruption. This order to achieve permanent harmony would mean combining respected is a very viable option if he is again members of the populace, coming voted into office as many times in the from both the private and public past, the peace agreements were sectors, that would readily exchange violated by the MILF. views and opinions, consult each Ending the insurgency movement. other regarding economic matters Another priority of his is putting an end and, collaborate when there is a need to the 50-year old insurgency of the to reform policies. This planned group CPP/NPA as many potential investors is akin to his Economic Coordinating who wish to invest in the Philippines Council, which was in existence during are thinking twice if whether it is his presidency. practical to invest or set up vital Vice-President: infrastructure facilities when there is a possibility of being targeted or Puwersa ng Masa Senatorial Slate: bombed by the insurgents. 1. Jinggoy Ejercito Estrada 2. Congressman Teodoro Next in his agenda is improving food Boy Locsin Jr. security so as to minimize the 3. Brig. General Danilo Danny Lim dependency of the country on 4. Senate President Juan Ponce imported staple commodities like rice, Enrile which the country once had an 5. Senator Miriam Santiago abundance of. Improving the country’s 6. Congressman Ompong Plaza food security would entail fully 7. Jose De Venecia III supporting the modernization of the 8. Mary -Llamanzares agricultural sector; implementing the 9. Congress- Agri-Agra Law which requires the man Apolinario Lozada Jr. Seite | 9

Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen

10. Former Party to a Unicameral Congress and, Representative Jose Virgilio lengthening the term of Bautista representatives from three to four years. Extending the term, as Teodoro Gilbert Gibo Teodoro pointed out, will ensure the continuity (key programs: charter change, of the LGU's projects and programs change to unicameral system, vis-à-vis the government's Medium- liberalization of natural resources, Term Plans. continuation of the Arroyo government's fiscal policies, improving On the front, he proposes the educational system) modernizing the education sector by restructuring the educational system One of the primary programs of so that students can be more Teodoro's platform of governance is to competitive. Restructuring will then review and eventually change the entail adding two more years in Grade 1987 Philippine Constitution. The only School, strengthening the curriculum one among the 10 presidentiables by enhancing technical skills and, who espouses such a proposal, teaching English on the primary level Teodoro is pushing for the so as to better equip the students for constitution's revision or overhaul as the next level. Believing that according to him it has failed to meet education should be made accessible the challenges of the future, especially to all, especially to those who are poor with regards to economic and political but deserving students, he also matters. As he once quipped, “the proposes, aside from the scholarships present constitution is reactionary” and state subsidies, “ that qualified meaning the drafters only rectified the students in the tertiary level be wrongful policies and laws of the allowed to apply for a loan with the previous Marcos regime without Social Security System”, a programme providing safety nets if ever the similar to the Study Now Pay Later country is hit with economic and social Scheme in the USA and some parts of challenges. Europe. Pay check will then be given Aligned with his espousal to revise the to the student, which will be registered constitution is liberalizing the in the system (once the Social ownership of the country's natural Security number is secured) as his or resources by partially lifting her salary. restrictions on foreigners who wish to With regards in improving the own state properties as he thinks that economy, he plans to continue the it would be best that these natural fiscal policies of the Arroyo resources are managed by those who administration and, to invest heavily have the expertise and knowledge. on infrastructure. Investing on Another is transforming the bicameral Seite | 10

Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen infrastructures means providing “a disciplined, develop determination, seamless transportation system”; have more respect for the law. His continuing previous road projects such plan for improving healthcare, creation as the SLEX (South Luzon of jobs and prioritizing education are Expressway), SCTEX (Subic-Clark- also mentioned in this manifesto. Expressway), NLEX (North While the manifesto is a form of a pact Luzon Expressway), refurbishing and as to how Gordon would like the constructing new domestic and society to be when he is elected into international airports and; connecting the highest office, he is not short in the islands especially those in the rhetoric with regard to his plans for by means of constructing government. Notable among his key bridges and tunnels. programmes are to improve the Vice-President: Actor educational system, of which his primary target is to increase the take Lakas-Kampi Senatorial Slate: home pay of teachers; “ decongest 1. Senator Ramon by spreading business to other 2. Senator urbanized areas” like those in the 3. Binalonan Mayor Ramon Guico Central and Northern Luzon ; putting a 4. Cabinet Secretary Silvestre moratorium on debt servicing so as to Bello fund the basic services project of the 5. Health Secretary Francisco government; promoting areas in the Duque Visayas as a Tourism haven, ” and 6. Federation of Philippine turning Mindanao as the hub for Industries Jesus Arranza aquaculture and agriculture. 7. Broadcaster Rey Langit Vice President: Richard Dick Gordon (key programs: transactional to No senatorial slate transformational change) Bro. Richard Gordon came up with a (key programs: 7 Es) manifesto of change, which he Eddie Villanueva’s primary goal is to envisions as a way of transforming make the country overtake its Asian and making into reality the dream of a neighbours in 24 years. 24 years is a new Philippines. This manifesto long time, so as to realize his mentions 10 key declarations that can commitment to make the Philippines a only be achieved if each and every powerhouse in the region, he is Filipino is willing to change for the proposing 7 goals for the first 6 years, better or, transform within. Most which basically underlies his platform. notable of these values mentioned are These goals, which he calls 7 Es are for all Filipinos to become more as follows: a) Empower the People, b) Seite | 11

Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen

Emancipate the people, c) Educate tax laws, revising the agrarian reform the people, d) Energize the economy, law so that it could squarely face any e) Elevate the living standards of the challenges that would come its way, people, f) Eradicate bad governance, and providing a modern system linking g) Establish peace in the land. all possible modes of transportation.

Empower the People . Under this goal, Elevating the living standards. Under mechanisms that would insure a free this goal, basic services would be and fair election would be improved by providing the populace strengthened so as to gain the trust of with better health care, effective the people, buttressing laws that security, regular waste collection, safe would protect press freedom and; and clean water and affordable making sure that people who are well- housing. versed with the law are in place in Eradicate bad governance . So as to government agencies so as to fast avoid corruption, leaders of all three track the complaints and grievances of branches of government would be the populace. encouraged to sign a pact, vowing that Emancipate the people . This he plans they would perform their duties fairly to do by expediting cases and, those for better governance. Aside from who are in need of help but are these, mechanisms to avoid graft and wanting in finances would be provided corruption in both public and private with competent lawyers to level the sectors would be institutionalized. playing field. Establish peace in the land . Putting Educate the people . With this, he and end to the protracted war in plans to reform the system by Mindanao by not compromising the increasing the salaries of teachers, territory’s integrity is his first aim to revising the curriculum by achieve a lasting but just peace. emphasising more on mathematics, Likewise, so that to make sure that all science, engineering, reviewing the grievances and wishes of the Muslim legitimacy and quality of learning people would be heard, secessionist centres and of textbooks and, leaders would be encouraged to take implementing the school feeding part in the negotiating process. programme. However, while fruitful negotiation is the goal, it is imperative that defence Energize the economy. Energizing the forces would be strengthened to better economy so as to reach his objective protect the republic. of turning the country into a powerhouse in 24 years means Vice President: Perfecto Jun Yasay investing in sound infrastructure Senatorial Slate: projects, passing new comprehensive 1. Kata Inocencio Seite | 12

Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen

2. Alex Tinsay Vice President: Dominador Jun 3. Ramoncito Ocampo Chipeco 4. Dr. Israel Virgines Senatorial Slate: 5. Dr. Zarufflah Alonto 1. Manuel Valdehuesa Jr. John Carlos JC De Los Reyes 2. Risalito David (key programs: moral change, 3. Jo Aurea Imbong renewed idealism, outlaw the use of 4. Zosimo Paredes guns) 5. Adrian Sison 6. Reginald Tamayo Running on a platform for moral 7. Hector Tarrazona change and renewed idealism, JC de los Reyes is the lone candidate who is bravely espousing the social teachings (key programs: sustainable of the and presents development, democracy, ecology, himself as a “ viable alternative to consensus building) those who represent the old and Outlined in his 24-page objectives for traditional politicians.” His political governance are 6 pillars which Perlas party, the Kapatiran, also shares the states would bring growth and same stand on morality and religious sustainable development to the issues. country. These pillars, or goals which JC, is one of the candidates who firmly he envisions for the country will only opposes the passage of the RH Bill be achieved if the government would (Reproductive Health) as it not only encourage the populace, irrespective goes against the teachings of the of class or designation, to take part in Church, but likewise, it could become nation building. a dangerous precedent. Aside from These 6 pillars or thrusts are to the RH bill, he plans to instill faith in eradicate poverty and enhance the God in the hearts and minds of each quality of life; advance moral and and every Filipino and, strengthen effective governance; uphold the family bonds in his first 100 days. integrity creation; build partnerships Bringing home all Filipino OFWs is for social justice; mainstream visionary another goal of his so as to reunite initiatives; promote holistic education them with their loved ones. and inner change. A staunch gunless society advocate, For the first pillar, he proposes to he proposes to restrict or outlaw the revitalize the economy by investing use of guns so as to avoid incidents government resources on programs similar to what happened in that would strengthen agriculture and Maguindanao which led to the brutal fisheries. Prioritizing agricultural killing of 58 innocent lives.

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Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen policies so as to make poverty history Consuelo is also included in this thrust. One way (key programs: Pro-Filipino, of doing this is for the acceleration of a environmental awareness, nationalist law that would bring effective plans for policies) the of a land use plan for the country, A genuine pro-Filipino policy, ample enforcement of the agrarian reform protection for the country’s integrity, program on private lands and so on. sound environmental programmes, a For social justice, peace and order, he just and fair agrarian reform are some would renegotiate the stalled of the key programmes which Memorandum of Agreement on presidential candidate Jamby Madrigal Ancestral Domain, address the promises to pursue if she is elected in concerns of the Muslims by appointing the coming elections. them in government agencies that With her pro-Filipino stand, she strictly work for the welfare of their pledges to promote industries that brethrens and Mindanao. Forging would strengthen home-grown and lasting ceasefire with the NPA is Filipino-controlled industries and another plan of his. likewise, enact laws that would give In advancing moral and effective Filipino products protection from governance, he plans on to eradicate cheaper imported goods and corruption one his first year by smuggled items. ensuring anti-corruption initiatives are Regarding her plans for a just agrarian in sync with policies and programs reform, she pledges to consult with aimed at eradicating poverty and progressive people’s movements in enhancing the quality of life. order to come up with good and By building partnerships for social workable programmes that would justice, he proposes further liberate the peasantry from poverty empowering and including civil society and feudal-style bondage and, secure in matters of nation-building so as to their lands from wanton land-grabbing create better and just programs for all. and conversion to industrial zones.

And the last, Mainstream Visionary On the side of the environment, she Initiatives by coming up with modern promises to stop destructive practices and workable programs that would be that destroy the forests and marine life beneficial to the country. and halt the dumping of imported toxic wastes. She would then promote the Vice President: None use of renewable energy and organic No senatorial slate farming.

Pledging also to fight for the country’s integrity, she promises to end the Seite | 14

Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen meddling in the internal affairs of the http://www.buffetofwisdom.com/2009/06/b country of international organizations ro-eddie-villanueva-his-platform-of- like the WTO, IMF, and WB on government/ government policies and, repeal the http://aboutmyrecovery.com/2010/01/12/j one-sided JPEPA (Japan-Philippine c-de-los-reyes-ang-kapatiran/ http://www.scribd.com/doc/24748034/Ma Economic Partnership, Mining Act and drigal-Platform the Anti-Deregulation Law. http://www.scribd.com/doc/23285886/Ang Vice-President: None -Kapatiran-Platform http://www.scribd.com/doc/23268483/Noy No senatorial slate noy-Aquino-Platform-of-Government http://www.abs- References: cbnnews.com/nation/01/21/10/transcript- Business Mirror 01.01.2010 noynoy-aquinos-speech-makati-business- http://raissarobles.com/2009/12/01/314rul club ing-party-candidate-gilberto-teodoro/ http://newphilrevolution.blogspot.com/sea rch/label/villar%27s%20platform%20of%2 0government http://www.eleksyon.co.cc/manny-villars- platform/ http://aboutmyrecovery.com/2009/07/16/g etting-to-know-senator-manny- villar/#ixzz0eT6Rsnak Speech of President Joseph E. Estrada 2010: Governance Agenda of the Next President Forum J.P. Laurel Freedom Hall, Lyceum of the Philippines Campus 1 PM, 20 January 2010 http://www.scribd.com/doc/25431712/Gor don-Fernando-Manifesto-and-Platform-of- Government Daily News 01.23.2010

Automated System for the 2010 Philippine Elections ; by Jolita Atienza The 2010 election in May is significant out on a nation wide scale for the very not only because it will test the first time. fairness and maturity of the country’s The plan for the computerization of the democratic institutions, but likewise, it voting system took shape back in is during this period when the efficacy 1997 when Congress signed RA of the automated elections will be tried (Republic Act) 8436 or the Poll

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Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen

Modernization Law. This edict Although the new system is seen as a basically stated the necessity to milestone or groundbreaking event, change from manual voting and computerized voting was in fact first counting to computerized tabulating tested in the 2008 ARMM and, for COMELEC (Commission on (Autonomous Region of Muslim Elections) to “prescribe the adoption Mindanao) election. However, during and the use of the most suitable that time, two electronic voting technology of demonstrated systems were utilized: the DRE (Direct capability.” However, by 2007, certain Recording Electronic) and, Optical provisions of the law were amended Mark Reader. The former, which with the passage of RA 9396. While allowed voters to select on-screen the rhetoric is still the same, changes their preferred candidates, was used were made particularly with respect to in Maguindanao, while the latter was the availability of the system’s source for the areas of Sulu, Basilan and code to any interested political parties Tawi-Tawi, Sharif Kabunsuan and and, added authority given to Lanao del Norte. COMELEC and Congress regarding For the upcoming May elections, pre-proclaiming winners for the voters from around the country can presidency, vice-presidency and 12 cast their ballots at 27,062 voting senatoriables. These two changes and centers and 74, 427 clustered other new stipulations were hotly precincts. All of these precincts will be debated, as some sectors questioned supplied with one PCOS machine. the constitutionality and whether, these amendments would pave the 2010 Automated Elections: way for more poll cheating. Guidelines on how to vote 1. Registered voters, with proper In July of last year, the COMELEC identification cards, should signed a contract with the wining proceed to their designated bidder, the multinational company precincts. and its local partner Total 2. Once inside the voting center, Information Management for the registrants should present automation of the 2010 elections. themselves to the Board of Worth 7.2 Billion pesos, the company Election Inspectors for their ballots was given the go-signal to and instructions on how to fill up immediately begin supplying the the form and use the counting PCOS or Precint Count Optical Scan machine. Machines. As the name suggests, the 3. Before going to the voting area or machines are a form of Optical booths, voters should make sure Reader Mark, reading and tabulating that the ballots are unmarked. the markings on the ballot made by the voters are two of its functions. Seite | 16

Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen

Only one ballot is given to each congressmen, provincial governors voter. and councillors. The green color on 4. Once filled-up, the voter should the other hand will be for the senators, take his or her ballot to the party-list groups, provincial board counting machine for validation. members and mayors.” 5. As a last step before leaving, the References: voter should again present himself http://foolawecon.wordpress.com/tag/ra- or herself to the Board of Election 9369/ Inspector for indelible inking. http://www.zdnetasia.com/news/business/ 0,39044229,62044793,00.htm Things to remember: http://philippines.suite101.com/article.cfm/ For the computerized voting, it is computerized_elections_in_the_philippine imperative for the voters to completely s shade the oval-shaped marks next to http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/2757 the name of the candidates. Check or 21 x signs will be invalidated. http://www.thepoc.net/automated- elections/2858-how-to-vote-in-an- For easy reading, the “ ballot form will automated-election.html be divided into sections, which will http://www.chanrobles.com/republictactno then be marked out by a colored 9369.html border .” The blue demarcation will be for the “ president, vice-president,

Philippines fears electoral chaos ; by Al Labita MANILA - President Gloria Arroyo's Manila, as a "smokescreen" to hide appointment of a loyal army general her real agenda: remaining in power as the new head of the 120,000-strong by all means and at all costs beyond military has exacerbated political 2010. tensions in the run-up to the May 10 Prior to the 2004 elections, Arroyo national elections. Speculation has announced she would not run for mounted that Arroyo, whose preferred office. On the contrary, she did run candidate at the polls is barely and her re-election bid was marked by registering in opinion polls, won't step alleged anomalies. She was caught on down and a military cabal would tape instructing a senior election perpetuate her stay in power. official to ensure her victory by over Though Arroyo has pledged a smooth one million votes against opposition transition for her would-be successor, rival Fernando Poe Jr. opposition leaders are not taking the The opposition sees a new threat in threat lightly. They have branded her the appointment of armed forces chief run for congress in her hometown Lieutenant General Delfin Bangit, one district of province, north of Seite | 17

Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen of the army generals implicated in the Manila is currently abuzz with rumors rigging of votes favoring Arroyo in the about the so-called "Oplan August 2004 elections. Bangit has Moon" plot - an alleged military plan to consistently denied the allegations. sabotage the political exercise and justify the continued presidency of Beginning as a senior aide-de-camp Arroyo. A number of lawmakers have with the rank of colonel when Arroyo expressed alarm about the rumor, was vice president, Bangit was noting that it could spark a promoted to a star rank and made the constitutional crisis on the rule of chief of the presidential security group succession. when Arroyo succeeded then president in 2002. He The unexpected and sudden electricity later headed the intelligence service of crisis in Mindanao has given rise to the Armed Forces of the Philippines doomsday scenarios for the elections. and the army. Subordinates reportedly In response to appeals by often addressed him as "emperor". businessmen, Arroyo has declared a state of calamity in Mindanao to Like most army generals, Bangit is a stabilize power supplies and check the graduate of the elite state-run unabated rise of basic commodity Philippine Military Academy (PMA), prices. class 1978, which adopted Arroyo as an honorary member. What arouses The opposition fears the power the opposition's suspicion of a outages, which have caused 12-hour potential repeat of the 2004 election daily blackouts in the region, may form scandal is that Arroyo's other PMA part of a grand conspiracy to steal "classmates" are also commanders of votes or subvert the electoral process the army, navy and air force - a altogether. Coupled with the power practice the late dictator Ferdinand crisis is the widespread apprehension Marcos used to keep himself in power that the automated counting machines for nearly 20 years. that voters will use for the first time on election day might fail to deliver the Bangit has vowed that as a results within 24 hours. These will be "professional organization" the military the country's first-ever automated will be neutral and non-partisan in the elections. elections, currently led in opinion polls by opposition senator Benigno A Venezuelan-led consortium, "Noynoy" Aquino, saying that "only Smartmatic, clinched a whopping 7.2 God can make me commit illegal billion pesos (US$157 million) orders". Its unclear if Aquino would government contract to supply 82,200 open probes into the various scandals precinct count optical scan (PCOS) that have plagued Arroyo's machines to be distributed to all government if he were elected. polling precincts throughout the Seite | 18

Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen country. While the PCOS replace the Like other candidates, presidential manual voting whose results often contender Aquino is wary of the take months to tally, there are fears danger looming on the electoral that the machines may be horizon. He has threatened to unleash manipulated to favor certain waves of street protests should he be candidates. cheated of a highly anticipated victory in the elections. Any power vacuum created by a botched or highly contentious election Aquino, the Liberal Party's standard could tempt the military to seize bearer, has mobilized the "yellow power. Senator , a army" identified with his late mother former military chief who fought to lead mass actions several coup attempts during Corazon should there be a failure of the Aquino's tumultuous presidency, has electoral process. The umbrella group suggested that Congress appoint a comprises civil society groups, non- "caretaker president" in the event of a governmental organizations, volunteer failure of elections and that no new lawyers, students and other loyal leaders are sworn in by June 30 this followers of the Aquino family. year. Aquino's veiled threat recalls a similar Such apprehension is not without move by his late mother in the 1986 basis. Under the succession rule of "snap" presidential polls, when then the Constitution, Arroyo's vice dictator Marcos proclaimed himself the president, , would be winner under murky circumstances. mandated to succeed her. But like The then plain housewife Aquino Arroyo, his six-year term also lapses launched a civil disobedience on June 30. De Castro, a former campaign that eventually led to broadcast journalist, has not sought Marcos' ouster. reelection. But the senator Aquino's similar plan, , president of the viewed with disdain by many sectors senate, would be next in line. Unless weary of the country's tumultuous reelected as a senator at the May 10 street politics, appears to have elections, he would not be qualified to backfired on his popularity rating, succeed Arroyo. The same is true with which has been dramatically falling in House of Representatives speaker opinion surveys since January. , who has aspired Filipino voters generally don't want for the mayoralty post in City. another "people power" revolution, Another possible successor, Supreme which brought Arroyo to power and Court chief justice Reynato Puno, is has miserably failed to live up to set to retire next month. expectations. Indeed the problems

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Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen that the most recent revolt sought to regional bureau chief and foreign get rid of remain the same - graft and editor for the Philippine News Agency. corruption, abject poverty, an inept He has worked as a Manila bureaucracy, festering communist and correspondent for several major local Muslim insurgencies and massive publications and wire agencies in unemployment - and many hope for a Australia, Hong Kong, Malaysia, genuinely democratic new start with a Singapore and the United Kingdom. newly elected government in May. Reference: Al Labita has worked as a journalist www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/ for over 30 years, including as a LC16Ae01.html Foreign Observers say RP Vote lacks Transparency ; by AFP it concluded a weeklong visit in the MANILA, Philippines – (UPDATE) country.This perception has "inhibited Western election observers on public confidence in the elections and Saturday criticized the Philippine generated anxiety about the government for "insufficient" openness automated election system, " it added. as the country prepares to choose its Fifty million voters are set to go to the next president with a new automated polls on May 10, when 17,000 posts voting system. While it recognized that from president down to municipal "substantial efforts" were being made council seats will be contested.The to improve on previous elections, the report said the Comelec has yet to US-based National Democratic reveal to candidates and voters what Institute mission still urged the state backup plan they have in place in the poll watchdog Commission on event the automated system fails. Elections (Comelec) to do more to "The biggest challenge and ensure that machines are fraud-proof contribution that the Comelec can and have adequate backup.The make is to communicate openly and Philippines, for the first time, will use frankly," Thomas Barry, NDI's deputy the machines to count ballots and pool regional director for Asia , told a news and transmit results from more than conference. 350,000 precincts."The perception, whether fair or not, is that the Reference: Comelec has not done so. When it http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/ concerns elections, perceptions can nation/view/20100313- be as important as reality," it said after 258419/Foreign_observers_say_RP_vote _lacks_transparency

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Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen

Pre-Election Survey 24.-28.02.2010 ; by Business World and SWS

The BusinessWorld- SWS Pre-Election Survey of February 24-28, 2010 has the following new national scores in the Presidential race[Table 1]. Compared to the previous BW-SWS survey of January 21-24, 2010, Aquino lost 6 points and Villar lost 1 point, whereas Estrada and Teodoro gained 2 points each, and Villanueva gained 1 point. As a result, Aquino's lead over Villar fell from 7 to 2, his lead over Estrada fell from 29 to 21, and his lead over Teodoro fell from 38 Senatorial race to 30. Thus both Estrada and Teodoro In the Senate race, Ramon Bong inched closer to Aquino and Villar. Revilla, Jr. (54%), Pilar Juliana Vice-Presidential race Cayetano (51%), Compared to the previous BW-SWS (47%) continue to be the leaders. survey of the vice-presidential race, They are followed by 4. Miriam Roxas lost 4 points, Legarda and Defensor Santiago (46%), 5. Franklin Manzano were steady, and Binay and Drilon (45%), 6. Ralph Recto (41%), 7. Fernando gained 1 point each. As a result, Roxas's lead over Legarda fell Juan Ponce Enrile (40%), 8. Vicente from 21 to 17, and his lead over Binay Sotto III (39%), 9. , fell from 33 to 28. Jr. (32%), 10-11. Manuel Lapid and Sergio Osmeña III (both 31%), and 12.

Gwendolyn Pimentel (27%) [ Table 3 ].

Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen

Presidential trends by area The SWS February 24- 28 survey shows Aquino still ahead in , Visayas and Mindanao, and Villar now ahead in the Balance of Luzon.

[…]

Presidential trends by class

The SWS February 24- 28 survey shows Aquino as still ahead among the masa or D class, but Villar as now ahead in both the ABC and the E classes.

The key change from the January 21-24 survey in class ABC was that both Villar and Aquino lost 7 points, while Estrada gained 4 points and Teodoro gained 2 points.

Vote percentages for other candidates did not change by more than 1 point. Thus Villar's 3 point lead over Aquino in class ABC in January 21-24 stayed the same, but his lead over Estrada fell to 19 points, from 30 points previously [ Table 8 ].

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Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen

In class D or the masa , Aquino lost 7 respondents, nine candidates are points while Villar was steady, and statistically above the 13th place, thus Aquino's lead fell from 11 points namely 1. Revilla, 2. Cayetano, 3. to only 4. Estrada gained 1 point, and Jinggoy Estrada, 4. Defensor Teodoro gained 2 points. The vote Santiago, 5. Drilon, 6. Recto, 7. Ponce percentages of other candidates did Enrile, 8. Sotto, and 9. Marcos [ Table not change significantly from January 3]. 21-24 [ Table 9 ]. The last three seats are being In class E, Aquino lost 6 points and statistically contended by 10-11. Lapid Villar lost 2 points, while Teodoro and Osmeña III, 12. Gwendolyn gained 3 points and Estrada gained 2 Pimentel (27%), and 13. Teofisto points. As a result the class E lead Guingona III (25%).Close behind are shifted from Aquino to Villar. There 14-15. Jose De Venecia III and were no significant changes in the Rozzano Rufino Biazon (both 23%). vote percentages of other candidates, Much farther away away are 16. Sonia compared to January 21-24 [ Table Roco (18%), 17. Alexander Lacson 10 ]. (16%), and 18-20. Gilbert Cesar Vice-presidential trends Remulla, , and Ana Compared to the January 21-24, 2009 Theresia Hontiveros-Baraquel (14% survey, Roxas lost 4 points while each). Compared to January 21-24, Legarda held steady, and thus the the new survey of February 24-28 lead of Roxas over Legarda gap fell found Lapid (formerly 13th) and from 21 to 17 points [ Table 2 ]. Binay Pimentel (formerly 14th) displacing and Fernando gained 1 point each. Guingona (formerly 11th) and De The vote percentages of Manzano, Venecia (formerly 12th). Sonza, Yasay, and Chipeco did not Survey Background change significantly from January 21- The February 2010 Social Weather 24. Survey was conducted from February Senatorial trends 24-28, 2010 using face-to-face The twelve leaders in the Senatorial interviews of 2,100 registered voters, race include two each from Lakas- divided into random samples of 300 in Kampi-CMD, the Nacionalista Party, Metro Manila and 600 each in Balance Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino, and the Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao Liberal Party, one each from the (sampling error margins of ±2.2% for People's Reform Party, the Nationalist national percentages, ±6% for Metro People's Coalition, and PDP-Laban, Manila, and ±4% for Balance Luzon, and one independent. Visayas and Mindanao). The area From a BusinessWorld-approved list estimates were weighted using of 61 names shown to the Comelec data on registered voters as Seite | 23

Kaya Yan! Yes We Can! Präsidentschaftswahlen 2010 in den Philippinen of January 2010 to obtain the national Surveys , and released with exclusive estimates. first-print right to BusinessWorld . SWS The status of the three races for employs its own staff for questionnaire President, Vice-President, and design, sampling, fieldwork, data- Senator are commissioned items by processing, and analysis, and does BusinessWorld under the BW-SWS not outsource any of its survey Partnership in 2010 Pre-Election operations.

Weitere Informationen philippinen büro e.V. im Asienhaus: Consuelo Jamby Madrigal: www.philippinenbuero.de http://www.jambymadrigal.com/ Asienhaus-Blog: blog.asienhaus.de http://www.scribd.com/doc/24748034/M adrigal-Platform Infos zur Wahl: Nicanor Perlas: Comelec: www.comelec.gov.ph http://www.nicanor-perlas.com/ Elections 2010: http://www.scribd.com/doc/23285886/An http://2010elections.blogspot.com g-Kapatiran-Platform SWS: www.sws.org.ph AsiaPulse: www.asiapulse.com Zeitungen/Nachrichten: Inquirer: www.inquirer.net Kandidaten und Parteien: PhilStar: www.philstar.com Manuel Villar: MindaNews: www.mindanews.com www.mannyvillar .com.ph ; : www.manilatimes.net www.eleksyon.co.cc/manny-villars- Bulatlat: www.bulatlat.com platform/ Bildernachweis : Beningo Noynoy Aquino: Titelbild: http://www.noynoy.ph ; http://farm3.static.fickr.com/2425/36145 http://www.scribd.com/doc/23268483/No 31290_c47935981f.jpg ynoyAquino-platform-of-Governmenty Vereidigung Prospero Nograles: http://professionalheckler.wordpress.co Gilberto Teodoro: http://75.125.2.19/ m/2008/02/ POCS: Dick Gordon: http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art http://www.dickgordon2010.com _id=7158 http://www.scribd.com/doc/25431712/G ordon_Fernando-Manifesto-and-

Platform-of-Government

Bro. Eddie Vilanueva: http://broeddie.ph/ http://www.buffetofwisdom.com/2009/06/ bro-eddie-villanueva-his-platform-of- government/

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