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Stakeholder-And-Political-Economy BENIN SPEA REPORT – JUNE 2017 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized STAKEHOLDER AND POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS FOR BENIN BENIN SPEA REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized June 2017 Public Disclosure Authorized Client: The World Bank Prepared by: Aninver InfraPPP Partners S.L. Stakeholder and Political Economy Analysis for Benin 1 BENIN SPEA REPORT – JUNE 2017 DISCLAIMER This document has been prepared by Aninver InfraPPP Partners S.L. (“AIP”) for the World Bank (“WB”). This document does not necessarily reflect the views of the Bank. Information provided by the WB and third parties may have been used in the preparation of this document, but was not independently verified by AIP. The document may be provided to third parties for informational purposes only and shall not be relied upon by third parties as a specific professional advice or recommendation. Neither AIP nor its affiliates or related entities shall be responsible for any loss whatsoever sustained by any party who relies on any information included in this document. Stakeholder and Political Economy Analysis for Benin 2 BENIN SPEA REPORT – JUNE 2017 ACRONYMS ABeGIEF Agence Béninoise de Gestion Intégrée des Espaces Frontaliers AfDB African Development Bank AGETIP National Agency of Works of Public Interest AGETUR Agence d'exécution des travaux urbains AIP Aninver InfraPPP Partners S.L. / the consultants ALCRER Association de Lutte Contre l'Ethnocentrisme, le Racisme et le Régionalisme (NGO) ANPC Agence Nationale de Protection Civile BADEA Banque Arabe pour le Développement Economique en Afrique BEA Benin Environmental Agency BEES Benin Environment & Education Society (NGO) BOAD Banque Ouest Africaine de Développement BPLP Brigade de Protection du Littoral et de la Lutte Anti-Pollution BT Benin Terminal CAP Cotonou Port Authority CNDO Centre National de Données Océanographiques du Bénin CFA Central Africa Franc CCIB Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie du Bénin CONAHB Conseil National des Hôteliers du Bénin CSO Civil Society Organizations DG Director General / Managing Director / Direction Générale DGE Benin’s General Direction for Water DP Direction du Ports EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FBO-TRS Fédération Béninoise des Organisations du Tourisme Responsable et Solidaire FONAC Front des Organisations Nationales Anti-Corruption (NGO) FULAM Front Uni de Lutte contre l’Avancée de la Mer (NGO) GDP Gross Domestic Product GIZ German International Cooperation Agency HO Hunt Oil IsDB Islamic Development Bank IFC International Finance Corporation IRHOB Institute de Recherches Halieutiques et Océanologiques du Benin IMF International Monetary Fund J-R Jak-Rehab (NGO) KFAED Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development LG Local governments LOCAL Local Climate Adaptive Living Facility (UN) MAEP Ministère de l’Agriculture, de l’Élevage et de la Pêche MCAT Ministère de la Culture de l’Artisanat et du Tourisme MCVDD Ministère du Cadre de Vie et du Développement Durable MEEM Ministère de l’Energie, l’Eau et des Mines METEO Agence Nationale de la Météorologie NGO Non-Governmental Organizations NS Norda Stelo (company) NT Nature Tropical (NGO) Stakeholder and Political Economy Analysis for Benin 3 BENIN SPEA REPORT – JUNE 2017 ODA Official Development Assistance ODI Overseas Development Institute OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OFID OPEc Fund for International Development PEA Political Economy Analysis RB Royal Boskalis (company) SAPETRO South Atlantic Petroleum SCRP Stratégie de Croissance pour la Réduction de la Pauvreté SDAL Schéma Directeur de l'Aménagement du Littoral SFD Saudi Fund for Development SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency SPEA Stakeholders and Political Economy Analysis SSA Sub-Saharan Africa SUCO Supermaritime Cotonou TA Technical Assistance TEUs Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit ToR Terms of Reference UAC University of Abomey-Calavi UCN Union des Collectifs de Structures du Grand Nokoué pour la Gestion des Déchets et la Protection de l’Environnement UEMOA/WAEMU West Africa Economic and Monetary Union UN United Nations UNAPE Union NAtionale des PÊcheurs Continentaux et Assimilés du Bénin (UNAPECAB) and Union NAtionale des PÊcheurs Marins et Assimilés du Bénin (UNAPEMAB) UNCDF United Nations’ Local Climate Adaptive Living Facility UNDP United Nations Development Program UNEP United Nations Environmental Program UNFCCC United Nations Framework convention on Climate Change US/USA United Sates of America USAID United Sates Agency for International Development USD American dollars WACA West Africa Coastal Areas Project WB World Bank Stakeholder and Political Economy Analysis for Benin 4 BENIN SPEA REPORT – JUNE 2017 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Identification of key stakeholders – Benin ..................................................................................... 18 Figure 2. Stakeholders map – Benin ............................................................................................................ 19 Figure 3. Main challenges related to Coastal Management in Benin ............................................................ 22 Figure 4. List of main actions to combat coastal erosion and flooding in Benin and stakeholders involved . 24 Figure 5. Erosion hot spots along Benin’s coast ........................................................................................... 26 Stakeholder and Political Economy Analysis for Benin 5 BENIN SPEA REPORT – JUNE 2017 CONTENT 1. Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 7 2. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 8 3. Benin: macroeconomics .................................................................................................................. 8 4. Political situation .............................................................................................................................. 9 5. Stakeholders analysis .................................................................................................................... 10 6. Main challenges, barriers and governance issues ......................................................................... 19 7. Investments related to coastal protection ...................................................................................... 24 8. Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................................................... 26 Appendix 1. List of people interviewed for this study .................................................................................. 28 Appendix 2. Participants in the workshop ................................................................................................... 29 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................ 30 Stakeholder and Political Economy Analysis for Benin 6 BENIN SPEA REPORT – JUNE 2017 1. Executive Summary 1.1. The World Bank awarded the contract to perform the “Stakeholders and Political Economy Analysis for Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo and Benin”, to Aninver InfraPPP Partners S.L. The contract was signed on June 10, 2016 and the start date set for that same day. 1.2. The study covers three main issues: (i) Stakeholders’ identification: main stakeholders related to coastal erosion and flooding in each country (distinguishing actors within the private sector, public sector, civil society, research and education, and technical and financial partners), who are the key stakeholders and map them to have a better understanding of the “playing field” in each country; (ii) Political economy analysis: understand which are the main challenges related to the problem in each country, the barriers to coordination, the agents of change and potential actions needed; and (iii) potential investments associated to coastal protection for each country. This document is the Final Report summarizing the main findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study and was improved and completed based on the feedback from the different participants in the study (a national workshop was held at Cotonou to validate these findings, conclusions and recommendations – see Appendix 2). 1.3. Benin’s growth has decelerated lately but forecasts for GDP’s growth in 2016 are still at 5.5-6.0%. The country’s economy mainly depends on trade with Nigeria, cotton production and exports and the role of the port in regional trade. Benin’s economy is therefore continuously affected by external shocks. Inflation is under control and the country keeps good relationships with the international community. The new President, Mr. Talon, shall continue with the decentralization and privatization processes initiated with the previous government. Benin is one the most stable francophone democracies in Africa, and there are high levels of respect towards the constitution and democratic institutions. Civil society organizations and trade unions play a significant role in Benin, and the environment is present in the political agenda (although some lack of implementation capabilities by the public sector was mentioned in the interviews). 1.4. This study identifies, based on a series of interviews and field visits (see Appendix 1), the stakeholders related to the problem of coastal erosion and flooding
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