Volume 39: Number 2 -- Summer 2006 William B. Lees, Editor
INDEX IS HYPERLINKED TO ARTICLES:
President’s Corner Important Reprint Available New SHA Web Site Goes Live 2006 SHA Candidates Information: From the Editor SHA Board of Directors: Institute for Heritage Administration Reginald Auger Fourth Fields of Conflict Conference James Bruseth National Geographic Youth Grants Robert A. Clouse Search Begins for New Editors Donald J. Weir Images of the Past SHA Nominations Committee: CHAT 2006 Program Announced Gregory D. Cook Marine Cultural Heritage II Benjamin Resnick 2007 SHA Conference Hotel Info Stacy Schneyder Mission San Luis Receives Award Thad M. Van Bueren ACUA Correction ACUA: New National Register Listings Marc-André Bernier 2005 SHA Business Meeting Minutes Jason Burns New SEARCH Maritime Division Susan B.M. Langley Call for Papers Ian Oxley Current Research Nathan Richards Mexico, Central & S. America Matthew A. Russell Underwater Exhibiting Archaeology U.S.A.-Central Plains AIMA/ASHA Call for Papers U.S.A.-Midwest AIMA/ASHA Registration Form U.S.A.-Northern Plains/Mountains U.S.A.-Southeast Current Publications SOME EMAIL ADDRESS WITHIN THE SHA Board 2006 Photo NEWSLETTER ARE HYPERLINKED: Owens-Illinois Glass Company THEY ARE HIGHLIGHED IN BLUE
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page SUMMER 2006
William B. Lees, PhD, RPA, Newsletter Editor, Florida Public Archaeology Network, University of West Florida, U.S.A.
Index President’s Corner Douglas D. Scott President’s Corner ...... 2 As the summer season gets into full cluding SHA. New SHA Web Site Goes Live ...... 3 swing, most of us are now engaged in Summit focus areas will be developed From the Editor ...... 4 projects and research, but do not forget it by 11 panels made up of 10–12 experts who Institute for Heritage Administration . . . . 4 is also time to submit those paper abstracts will develop program and policy recom- Fourth Fields of Conflict Conference . . . . 4 and symposia ideas for the 2007 Williams- mendations in the following areas: National Geographic Youth Grants . . . . . 4 burg/Jamestown conference. It is, after all, • Building a Preservation Ethic and Search Begins for New Editors ...... 5 our 40th anniversary and the conference Public Appreciation for History Images of the Past ...... 6 organizers have some wonderful things • Coordinating the Stewardship and Use CHAT 2006 Program Announced ...... 6 planned for us. of Our Cultural Patrimony Marine Cultural Heritage II ...... 7 By coincidence this year is the 100th an- • Determining What Is Important 2007 SHA Conference Hotel Info ...... 7 niversary of the Antiquities Act of 1906. Be • Protecting Places That Matter Mission San Luis Receives Award ...... 8 sure to check out the various commemora- • Improving the Preservation Program ACUA Correction ...... 9 tive events that are scheduled by various Infrastructure New National Register Listings ...... 9 agencies and offices. Most can be found by • Dealing with the Unexpected 2005 SHA Business Meeting Minutes . . . 10 searching on the Internet. Another major • Addressing Security New SEARCH Maritime Division ...... 12 anniversary takes place this year as well. • Using Historic Properties as Economic Call for Papers ...... 12 To celebrate the 40th anniversary of the Na- Assets Current Research ...... 13 tional Historic Preservation Act, First Lady • Involving All Cultures Mexico, Central & S. America ...... 14 Laura Bush has announced the convening • Fostering Innovation Underwater ...... 14 of a two-day national Preservation Ameri- • Participating in the Global Preservation U.S.A.-Central Plains ...... 17 ca Summit. The summit’s goal is to make Community U.S.A.-Midwest ...... 18 recommendations designed to advance SHA was invited to submit names of U.S.A.-Northern Plains/Mountains . . 19 historic preservation programs and poli- members who might serve on several of the U.S.A.-Southeast ...... 21 cies. Summit attendance is limited to 250 panels that will make recommendations to Current Publications ...... 22 invited participants. The Advisory Council the ACHP and Mrs. Bush. Over the next SHA Board 2006 Photo ...... 22 on Historic Preservation will host the sum- couple of months the panel members will be Owens-Illinois Glass Company ...... 23 mit with assistance in planning from many identified and initial meetings will be held Important Reprint Available ...... 28 federal agencies and private partners, in- Continued on Page 2 2006 SHA Candidates Information . . . . . 29 Exhibiting Archaeology...... 37 AIMA/ASHA Call for Papers ...... 39 Important in this issue: AIMA/ASHA Registration Form ...... 40 Page 28: Qualifications and Positions of Candidates Standing in the SHA and ACUA Fall Elections
Page 4: Announcement of SHA Board Search for: SHA Newsletter Editor SHA Editor (Historical Archaeology)
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page President’s Corner, Cont’d from Page 1 New SHA Web Site Goes Live in preparation for the Summit in October. I We are very pleased to announce the new face of the SHA Web site at
SHA Newsletter
SHA Editor (Historical Archaeology)
The normal terms of the SHA Newsletter Editor, William Lees, and SHA Editor, Rebecca Allen, expire at the close of 2007 and both have informed the Board of Directors that they will not seek reappointment. The board has begun the process of searching for the next incumbents of these im- portant SHA positions, and has appointed chairs for two separate search committees. Individuals interested in either of these positions, please contact:
Dr. Vergil E. Noble, Chair SHA Newsletter Editor Search Committee Midwest Archeological Center National Park Service
Dr. Gregory A. Waselkov Chair, SHA Editor Search Committee Department of Sociology/Anthropology University of South Alabama
Both positions have a three-year term. The new term of office for each will begin at the annual business meeting at the SHA conference in Jan- uary 2008.
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page Images of the Past
Do You Remember Clyde Dollar?
Clyde Dollar (1932—1983) was very visible in the late 1960s when he debated several established historical archaeologists concerning the defini- tion, nature, and purpose of the field. (See Stanley South, ed., The Conference on Historic Site Archaeol- ogy Papers, Vol. 2, Pt. 2 September 1968). His field- work included the direction of excavations at Fort Smith, AR (1958-1969, 1963-1964), the Brigham Young Home Site in Nauvoo, IL (1965), the George A. Custer House at Fort Abraham Lincoln, ND (1966), and the Chief Spotted Tail House Site in Rosebud, SD (1968).
Photo of Clyde Dollar in 1971 courtesy of the Uni- versity of Central Arkansas Archives.
CHAT 2006 PROGRAM ANNOUNCED
The full program for CHAT 2006, to • Method in Community Archaeology sants will be announced shortly. be held at the University of Bristol Friday and Contemporary Archaeology The delegate fee is £30 (covering tea, 10—Sunday 12 November 2006, is now on- • Hybrid Archaeologies: Archaeological coffee, lunch [Saturday only], and the wine line at
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page Managing the 2007 SHA Conference Marine Cultural Hotel Information Heritage II: Significance The Williamsburg Lodge will serve as the official headquarters hotel for the SHA 2007 Conference on Historical and Underwater Archaeology. In addition to the Lodge, several In September of 2004 the Maritime Af- other housing options are available, including The Williamsburg Inn and the Colonial fairs Group of the Institute of Field Ar- Houses, both of which are within walking distance of the Lodge, and The Woodlands chaeologists organized and held a very Hotel & Suites, which offers complimentary transportation to Colonial Williamsburg and successful international conference entitled the Williamsburg Lodge. “Managing the Marine Cultural Heritage.” The principle behind the conference was Reservations: Transportation the recognition that recent decades have witnessed an expansion of archaeological Phone: 757-220-7978 Newport News Airport activity under water and in the coastal zone, Toll Free: 800-261-9530 No airport shuttle available which has raised awareness of the potential Please indicate that you are with the and importance of research in these con- SHA when making your reservations. Norfolk International Airport texts. But it has also led to the realization Reservations Code: SOCA07A Airport Express that the threats to this material are wide- $69 per person spread and ongoing (Satchell 2004). The Hotel Cutoff Date: $133 round trip conference invited speakers from around Friday, 1 December 2006 Picks up from the airport every hour the world, and was attended by an equally on the hour. international audience. Hotel Accommodations No reservations are required when Following the success of the 2004 IFA picked up from the airport. MAG conference, we are pleased to an- The Williamsburg Lodge Phone: 757-857-3991 nounce: “Managing the Marine Cultural 305 South England Street Heritage II: Significance.” This two- day Williamsburg, VA 23185 Richmond International Airport conference will present and debate issues Rates: Groome Transportation surrounding the determining, presenting, $120 per night Deluxe $40 per person and managing of significance in the field $99 per night Superior $50 per couple of marine archaeology. A range of inter- Picks up every hour on the hour. national speakers will present their expe- Woodlands Hotel & Suites No reservations needed. riences from different countries and back- 105 Visitor Center Drive Phone: 804-748-0778 grounds. Williamsburg, VA 23185 Speakers include: Rates: Hotel Parking $75 per night Deluxe/Suites Marnix Pieters (VIOE-Brussel—affili- $50 per night Superior Complimentary ated with Flanders Marine Institute) L. N. Santhakumaran (Kerala State, In- Colonial Houses Please visit
Mission San Luis, a National Historic and 17th centuries. Thanks to decades of heritage tourism and public education to Landmark and the site of a 17th-century exhaustive archaeological effort and pains- promote awareness of Florida’s Spanish co- Spanish mission in Tallahassee, FL, was taking research involving original mission lonial missions. one of four preservation projects selected documents, the State of Florida and mul- The State of Florida acquired the prop- for a Preserve America Presidential Award. tiple essential partners have recreated the erty in 1983. Little was known about Mis- This was the first Preserve America Presi- former western capital of Spanish Florida at sion San Luis at that time, but two decades dential Award for a project based primarily a time when it numbered more than 1,500 of elegant and exhaustive archaeological on archaeology. inhabitants. Mission San Luis burned to and historical research revealed a great Mrs. Columba Bush, First Lady of Flor- the ground in 1704 but has risen from the deal about the physical and cultural life of ida, and Dr. Bonnie McEwan, Executive ashes as a 60-acre window into the forgot- the mission. For example, the enormous Director, Mission San Luis, received the ten past. Apalachee council house was directly across award in a ceremony at the White House Mission San Luis is a carefully coor- the square from the Franciscan church. In on 1 May 2006. dinated project that combines long-term addition, the historical record notes that the Supporting material for the award cultural resource management, historic Spanish and Indian peoples intermarried noted that few Americans are aware of preservation, humanities research, and in- quite often. The result was a remarkable the more than 100 Spanish missions estab- terpretation. It also capitalizes on the rich lished across North Florida during the 16th potential of archaeological resources for Continued on Page 8
President George W. Bush and Mrs. Bush present the Preserve America award for heritage tourism to Dr. Bonnie McEwan, Executive Director, Mission San Luis of Tallahassee, FL, left, and Mrs. Columba Bush, the First Lady of Florida, in the Oval Office on Monday, 1 May 2006. White House photo by Eric Draper. Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page Mission San Luis, Cont’d from Page 7 toric local resources. The recipients are chosen through a ACUA Correction national competition administered by the blend of cultures. Advisory Council on Historic Preservation In the Spring 2006 issue of the SHA Newslet- Modern-day visitors to Mission San in cooperation with the Executive Office of ter, the following errors are present in the Luis discover a re-created community the President, and in partnership with the “People You Should Know” item on page where time stands still. They meet the peo- U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Com- 6 under “Advisory Council on Underwater ple of San Luis going about the tasks that merce, Defense, Education, Housing and Archaeology”: sustained life centuries ago. They walk Urban Development, Interior, and Trans- the plaza where the Apalachees played portation; the National Endowment for the Pilar Luna should have been in- their traditional ball games. They visit the Humanities; the President’s Committee on cluded in the list of ACUA Emeri- most important structure in the Apalachee the Arts and Humanities; and the Council tus Members. village, the council house, and also stop at on Environmental Quality. the home of the Spanish Deputy Governor. For more information about Preserve Visitors are welcomed at the church built America, visit
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page Minutes of the Annual Business Meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, York Moat House Hotel, York, England, 7 January 2005
The meeting was called to order by venues and opportunities, and provides a unteer Newsletter editors. He reminded the President William Moss at 4:35 p.m. in the large variety of services through our many membership to continue to send in news York Moat House Hotel in York, England. committees. As a result, the board found and stated that he welcomes any com- He welcomed all members who have at- that the society was spending significantly ments. tended the conference and supported the more on the benefits per member than we society during the year. Moss also thanked were receiving from membership dues. Headquarters Report (K. Hutchison): the local Conference Committee for all of Mascia reported that at the mid-year Hutchison welcomed the membership to their outstanding work. meeting the board carefully reviewed the the meeting and reported the following sta- President Moss asked for the approval budget and concluded that the member- tistics regarding the current conference: of the minutes for the 2004 Business Meet- ship and conference fees must be raised for 984 conference attendees; ing as published in the Newsletter. Hearing the financial health of the organization. 567 abstracts; no objections, the minutes stand approved. Mascia thanked outgoing Budget Com- 135 attendees from other countries mittee member and Journal Editor Ronn represented; and REPORTS Michael for his assistance, and stated that 205 attendees from the United King- she knows that she will continue to seek his dom. President’s Report (W. Moss): Moss wel- advice. Hutchison invited the membership to comed the membership and congratulated She also reported that the Budget Com- call headquarters if they have any ques- Harold Mytum and his committee for their mittee is working on the 2006 SHA Opera- tions or need assistance. hard work on the 2005 Annual Conference. tions Budget, which will be discussed by He reported that the transition to our the board at the mid-year meeting. She as- Standing Committees new headquarters with Management So- sured the membership that the board and lutions Plus has gone smoothly and he in- the SHA headquarters staff will continue ACUA Report: Bob Neyland reported that troduced the staff to the membership. He their efforts to reduce expenditures, while he will be retiring from the ACUA and ex- stated that the board has been working still providing the same quality publica- pressed his thanks to the membership for diligently on financial issues that have been tions and services. their support over the last several years. a concern for the last few years. He also He looked forward to the future success of thanked the membership for their support. Editor’s Report (R. Michael, R. Allen): ACUA and SHA, and stated that there is Allen reported that the last year was also strength in the unity between the two or- Secretary-Treasurer’s Report (S. Mascia): a year of transition for the Editorial Office. ganizations. Mascia reported that the society’s 2004 rev- She expressed her deepest appreciation Neyland thanked the outgoing mem- enues totaled approximately $375,829 with to Ronn Michael for his support and as- bers of the ACUA and reported the results expenditures of approximately $392,883. sistance. She stated that he has agreed to of the election: Mark Staniforth is the new She stated that through the combined ef- continue to assist her as a member of the chair and Filipe V. Castro and Della A. forts of the board and our new Executive Editorial Advisory Committee. Scott-Ireton were elected to serve as mem- Director, Karen Hutchison, the society had She reported that four journals were bers. a smaller deficit than anticipated during the produced during the year and the partner- He reported that the committee will 2004 fiscal year. She attributed this to the ship between the SHA and the University continue to monitor any potential problems significant efforts made by board members of Florida Press is progressing. She also with underwater sites. and committees to reduce costs. stated that the Unlocking the Past publica- Mascia reported that the SHA’s current tion was almost ready. Conference Report (P. Garrow): Garrow assets total approximately $543,227 with reported that future conferences would be $320,808 in liabilities, which are primarily Newsletter Editor’s Report (W. Lees): Lees held in the following cities: 2006 in Sacra- prepaid 2005 memberships and conference reported that four issues of the Newsletter mento, 2007 in Jamestown, and 2009 in To- registrations. The retained earnings are were published during the year. He also ronto. He stated that the committee is cur- $222,418. reported that three newsletters would be rently looking for a venue site for the 2008 Mascia stated that the last few years published in 2005. He stated that he now conference. have been extremely financially challeng- had a complete slate of current research co- Garrow introduced Dana McGowan ing for the society resulting from a steady ordinators. and the Sacramento Committee to the increase in the size of our membership, Lees reported that he produced an membership. McGowan reported that the inflation, and the general increase in the electronic version of the Newsletter and the meetings will be held at the Hyatt and she cost of doing the business of an organiza- response from the membership was split is looking forward to welcoming everyone tion that is over 2000 strong. She stated with both positive and negative responses. to the West Coast next year. that the Society for Historical Archaeology He stated that an electronic version of the Garrow invited Mytum to speak. My- produces an exemplary Journal and News- Newsletter might be launched in the future. tum thanked the membership for coming to letter, offers members excellent conference He expressed his thanks to all of the vol- York and helping to make the conference a Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 10 success. secke): Giesecke recognized Nellie Long- Student Paper Prize: Moss presented the sworth for all of the work she conducts on student paper prize to Karen Wehner of Nominations and Elections Committee (J. behalf of the society. She stated that there New York University for her paper “Men King): King reported that the committee were now 22 members on the committee. on the Make: Using GIS to Reframe Evi- put together a strong slate. She reported During the year, the committee comment- dence for Craft Production in Seventeenth that Douglas Scott was the president-elect ed on numerous legislative actions and Century Jamestown, Virginia.” and Joe Jameson and Terry Klein were the worked with other organizations to issue new directors. She further reported that statements. She plans to work on getting Other Old Business: None reported. Anna Agbe-Davies and Susan Langley more information out to the membership were elected to serve on the Nominations via the SHA Web site. She encouraged Moss expressed his thanks to the mem- Committee. King stated that there was a anyone interested in participating on the bership for giving him the opportunity to 34% return of votes from the membership. Governmental Affairs Committee to get in serve the society. Moss passed the gavel to She thanked all of the candidates for touch with her. incoming President Judith Bense. agreeing to serve the society. She further thanked the committee for their efforts to- History Committee (R. Schuyler): Schuy- Incoming Presidential Remarks (J. Bense): ward creating the slate. ler reported that Benjamin Pickles is a new Bense welcomed the membership and the member of the committee. He further re- new headquarters staff. She stated that she Presidential Committees ported that Dan Roberts is continuing to was looking forward to working with the work on the oral history project. board during the upcoming year. Academic and Professional Training Committee (T. Scarlett): Scarlett reported Intersociety Relations Committee (M. Zi- Resolutions Committee: that this committee continues to be very ac- erden): Zierden reported that the role of the tive. This year they produced the guide to committee is to network with other organi- Resolution of Thanks (B. Heath): Whereas departments and conducted several work- zations that interact with historical archae- we are gathered here in the historic city of shops at the conference. He stated that ology. She stated that there are 38 organi- York, UK, at the 38th Annual Conference Mark Warner would be taking over as chair zations that we are currently affiliated with on Historical and Underwater Archaeolo- of the committee in 2005. and asked members to contact her if they gy, to exchange information and ideas with are interested in helping. our colleagues, renew old friendships, and Awards Committee (M. Beaudry): Be- make new ones, and to enjoy the hospitality audry reported that the society is honor- Membership Committee (B. Heath): Heath and steep ourselves in the richness of his- ing several people and organizations this stated that the committee has been very ac- tory for which York is famous; evening at the banquet. She stated that the tive during the year. She reported that the Whereas the Society appreciates the 2005 Awards of Merit would be presented results of the joint SAA/SHA salary survey hard work and financial support of the to the Ironbridge Gorge Trust, British Heri- should be published in January. The com- people and institutions who have made this tage, Professor Marilyn Palmer, The Society mittee also made attempts to identify and a very successful meeting, namely our host for Post-Medieval Archeology, and Dr. Da- contact lapsed members. institution, The University of York, and vid Gaimster. Beaudry also stated that the She reported that the committee is cur- the City of York; and the Conference Com- Harrington Medal would be presented to rently preparing another survey for the mittee, Conference Chair, Local Arrange- Marcel Moussette. membership, which will be administered ments Chair and Volunteer Coordinator She reported that the Deetz Award online later in the year. Harold C. Mytum, Program Coordinator Committee received a large number of Kate Giles, Terrestrial Program Chair Jon submissions and they worked very hard to Public Education and Information Com- Finch, ACUA Program Chair Christopher review each one. Beaudry expressed her mittee (K. McBride): McBride reported that J. Underwood, Public Session Chair Alison gratitude to the Deetz Award Committee the main project of the committee, the Un- Bodley, Workshop Coordinator William D. members Doug Armstrong, Terry Majew- locking the Past volume, will be ready soon. Updike, Conference Coordinators Barbara ski, and Pamela Cressey. She thanked Brian Crane for his work pre- and Patrick Garrow, and Secretary-Trea- She further stated that the Jelks Student paring Newsletter articles. She also reported surer Sara Mascia; Travel Award was presented for the first that the committee continued to work with Whereas the Society is deeply apprecia- time this year. Waselkov reported that it the SAA, Project Archaeology, and the K-12 tive of the outstanding planning, coordina- was very exciting to present this award to program. tion, and support for this meeting provided two deserving students. by staff at SHA Headquarters including Beaudry reported that the Awards UNESCO Committee (M. Russell): Peggy SHA Executive Director Karen Hutchison; Committee is working on the nominations Leshikar-Denton reported for Russell. She Vice President, Meetings, Grace Jan; SHA for the awards planned for the 2006 Annual stated the committee was still monitoring Member Services Manager Aimee Brown; Conference. the international implementation and rati- Meetings/Exhibit Manager Linda Minor; fication of the Convention on the Protection Communications Manager Paul Fitzgerald; Gender and Minority Affairs (A. Agbe- of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. Member Services Manager Nicole La Chat; Davies): Agbe-Davies reported that she and Management Solutions Plus President would be retiring from the committee. She Dissertation Prize: Jim Ayres thanked the Beth Palys; stated that the committee was almost fin- committee for their work during the year. Whereas we are also deeply indebted to ished preparing an SHA non-discrimina- He reported that J. Cameron Monroe was those persons and organizations who have tion statement that would be sent to the the winner of the Dissertation Prize for generously given volunteer, financial, and board soon. 2005. He also stated that Susan Pittick, of other support to make this meeting a success, Australia, received an honorable mention. including Ron Anazalone, J. Barto Arnold, Governmental Affairs Committee (A. Gie- Margaret Kimball Brown, Ronald Carlisle,
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 11 Julia G. Costello, Kathleen Deagan, Anne and long-lasting contribution to the society members and Moss for all of their hard G. Giesecke, Kathleen K. Gilmore, Barbara and the discipline through his editorship work. J. Heath, Ivor Noel Hume, Julia A. King and of Historical Archaeology, among the most Raymond J. Cannetti, William B. Lees, Kim highly respected journals in the field, spe- Hearing no new further new business, A. McBride, Robert L. Schuyler, Douglas cial publications, and other publications of Bense adjourned the meeting at 5:47 p.m. D. Scott, Donna J. Seifert, Martha Zierden, the society, to whom we offer our sincerest and anonymous donors; and the following and most heartfelt thanks; institutions and societies: English Heritage; Whereas Past President Julia King, Di- the Department of Archaeology University rectors Daniel Roberts and Martha Zierden, Search Announces of York; Archaeological Research, Inc.; The and ACUA Chair Robert Neyland are leav- Louis Berger Group, Inc.; Center for Ar- ing their respective offices, having made Maritime Division chaeological Studies University of South meaningful and lasting contributions to the Alabama; Council for British Archaeology; society during their tenure; Southeastern Archaeological Research, The Council of Virginia Archaeologists, Now therefore be it resolved that the Inc. (SEARCH), has established a Maritime Inc.; GAI Consultants, Inc.; Richard Grubb Society for Historical Archaeology declares Division directed by Michael C. Krivor, & Associates, Inc.; Harewood House Trust; its deepest appreciation and gratitude to all RPA, to offer expert services in the field of Hartgen Archaeological Associates, Inc.; those who helped advance the SHA mis- maritime archaeology to private and pub- Historic Scotland; Historical Perspectives, sion during 2004 and who made this annual lic sector clients. These services include Inc.; John Milner Associates, Inc.; Mary- meeting such an enjoyable event. project management, permitting, archival/ land Archaeological Conservation Labora- historical research, remote sensing survey, tory; Northern Ireland Environment and Memorials Resolution (K. McBride): data analysis, relocation and identification Heritage Service; Register of Professional Whereas several important long-term of underwater targets, site delineation, Sec- Archaeologists; Society for Post-Medieval friends and colleagues of the society and tion 106 compliance, and assessment of Na- Archaeology; SouthArc, Inc.; URS Corpo- the archaeological community have recent- tional Register of Historic Places (NRHP) ration-Florence, NJ; York Archaeological ly passed on, including Bill Buckles, an im- eligibility. Trust; York Museums Trust; and the Young portant contributor to the historical archae- SEARCH is interested in receiving vitas Archaeologists Club; ology of Colorado; Frederica de Laguna, an and resumes from interested individuals to Whereas we appreciate the dedication important contributor to the archaeology of build up a database of future project per- and enthusiasm of Silent Auction Coordi- Alaska and the Arctic region, and one of the sonnel, please contact Michael Krivor or nators Kim McBride and Julia King for col- first women elected to the National Acad- Jason Burns at the contact below: lecting an unusual and diverse assortment emy of Science; Robert Gardiner, long-time Southeastern Archaeological of auction items, and thank Ben Meadows strong supporter of Long Island and New Research, Inc., Maritime Division Company; Forestry Suppliers Inc.; Tec York history and archaeology; John Hurst, Michael C. Krivor, M.A., R.PA. Laboratories; The University of Tennes- former chief inspector of Ancient Monu- Jason M. Burns, M.A., R.P.A. see Press; ESRI; Mary Beaudry; Ann Berry; ments and founding member and former 315 N.W. 138th Terrace Christy Brown; Marley Brown; Pat Garrow; president of the Society for Post-Medieval Jonesville, FL 32669 Nick Honerkamp; David Landon; Mary Archaeology; Ian Robertson, former direc- Phone (352) 333-0049 Praetzellis; and Martin Sullivan for their tor of the British National Army Museum Fax: (352) 333-0069 generous contributions; and former president and secretary of the Email:
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 12 Current Research
Please send summaries of your recent research to the appropriate geographical coordinator listed below. Photographs and other illustrations are encouraged. Please submit summaries as Word or text-only files. Submit illustrations as separate files (.jpeg preferred, 300 dpi or greater resolution).
AFRICA Kenneth G. Kelly, University of South Carolina,
CURRENT RESEARCH BEGINS ON NEXT PAGE
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 13 MEXICO, CENTRAL AND clear in several archaeological finds. The on several key elements to the overall proj- SOUTH AMERICA fieldwork was also innovative, as the Har- ect: the USGS investigation of sediments ris matrix was employed on these planta- supporting Arizona, Finite Element Model Reported by Pedro Paulo A. Funari tion sites. (FEM) development, and determination of
U.S.A.-NORTHERN PLAINS AND MOUNTAIN STATES Reported by Steven G. Baker
Montana
Coloma Ghost Town Project (submitted by Kelly J. Dixon, University of Montana Department of Anthropology): The Colo- ma Ghost Town project is a multiyear, co- operative research project between the Uni- versity of Montana (U of M) and the Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM’s) Missoula Field Office. It is dedicated to document- ing the archaeological remains of a mining community in western Montana, and the project’s major goal seeks to develop an interactive archive that will document the Akex Baer and Renea Martinson with ground-penetrating radar. Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 19 compiled into a GIS database, where it can Missoula, MT, home of the University of During the fall of 2004, McLeod contacted be integrated with historical records (e.g., Montana, the terraced garden site sits ex- Dr. Dixon to begin plans for archaeologi- photographs, maps, and memoirs). The cavated into a narrow and steeply walled cal investigations of this one-of-a-kind site. results will furnish an interactive resource, drainage. Accessible only by a substan- With successful passage of a grant through the USFS, the summer of 2006 christens the first large-scale work at the site. Initial surveys in 1979, and further in- vestigations in 2005 and 2006, revealed three main terraced garden plots constructed of highly intricate dry-laid masonry, multiple habitation pits, an established wagon trail, placer prospect pits, and even an irregular mine adit. All evidence indicates that the residents of the terraced site worked the sur- rounding countryside in search of precious minerals, most likely gold. Oral and writ- ten histories of the local area suggested the site’s occupants were Chinese who left the railroad camps a few miles away, in hopes of finding their fortune in the desolate and rugged mountains. The terracing and style of masonry also suggests a Chinese occu- pation in keeping with Fee’s (1991) descrip- tion of cultural resources in the Payette and Clearwater National Forests. During the last quarter of the 19th cen- tury, Chinese laborers came to Montana and took up a variety of occupations, in- The Crew . . . cluding railroad work gangs, miners, laun- dry operators, doctors, and numerous oth- where users can choose a feature on our site tial hike of nearly three miles, the site sits ers. Little is known of the Chinese presence map and then view modern and historical in a densely forested region of Montana’s in Montana outside of Butte, especially the photographs, architectural sketches, and backcountry, miles away from any homes rural settlements. In partnership with the artifact inventories associated with each or communities. United States Forest Ser- Lolo National Forest, University of Mon- feature, as well as other pertinent historical vice (USFS) personnel discovered the site tana archaeologists hope to illuminate this and archaeological information. in 1979. Since 1979, C. Milo McLeod, the seldom-studied area of Chinese heritage This project will demonstrate how cul- Forest Archaeologist for the Lolo National through focused and intensive archaeologi- tural resource managers can use GIS for Forest, protected the site from widespread cal investigations. Proposed research at the digital preservation; for examining the notoriety and potential negative impacts. site hopes to illuminate the subsistence ac- processes of decay and the effects of winter storms; and for analyses of cultural land- scapes. The GIS database and related Web site will be this project’s major tangible products. These will ensure that the site is archived in such a way that lay and pro- fessional audiences will be able to access both digital records and the site’s physical remains well into the future. Additional products include a series of master’s theses, doctoral dissertations, and related publica- tions.
Rural Chinese in Western Montana (sub- mitted by Chris Merritt and Jen Childress): Intensive fieldwork has finally begun on a terraced garden site, protected by anonym- ity for nearly 30 years by personnel of the Lolo National Forest, which was occupied by a rural Chinese population during the 19th century. Archaeological investigation of the nearly untouched site began in April of 2006 by students under the direction of Dr. Kelly Dixon of the University of Mon- tana. Terrace Garden Site after vegetation clearing in Western Montana, terraces and habita- Located roughly 100 miles west of tion pits on the left with a historic wagon road on the right.
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 20 tivities of the site’s residents, their connec- been initially occupied around 1800, and by was also recovered, with fiber-tempered tion to the outside world of market goods, 1825 was a thriving cotton plantation with wares composing a significant percentage landscape learning patterns, leisure pur- a large slave work force. Tabby founda- of the total. This survey has demonstrated suits, and how this site fits into the growing tions for 17 duplex slave cabins, the main the impressively rich archaeological poten- database of rural Montana Chinese sites. house, barns, and other facilities are still ex- tial of 9MC96, in both slave cabin and big Scope of work in 2006 includes com- tant (figure 1). Shortly after the main house house locations. plete documentation and recordation of all burned in 1853, the site seems to have been In addition to the survey, Dan and Rita features associated with the site, full-scale largely abandoned by Randolph Spalding, Elliot (LAMAR Institute) donated a day mapping, and preparation of a National its owner at that time. In the 20th century it of GPR work at Chocolate. Two areas of Register of Historic Places nomination. This was used for dairy farming and as a hunt- the site that had produced historic features spring crews from the University of Mon- ing preserve by Howard Coffin and later R. during the survey were investigated, and tana, with technical and personnel assis- J. Reynolds. It is now managed by DNR. several intriguing anomalies appeared in tance from the USFS, cleared the majority of The UTC project was carried out as part the data that was generated. The final re- the site’s overgrowth, offering researchers of an archaeological field school under the sults of the GPR approach are being ana- the first clear glimpse of the entire extent of direction of Dr. Nicholas Honerkamp. A lyzed by Dan Elliot. the cultural resources. In the late summer systematic survey approach was used to Finally, on the Memorial Day holiday, and fall of 2006 work at the site will enter its identify the presence of archaeological re- the UTC team presented the results of the second phase, with the project’s first Forest sources through excavation of half-meter archaeological research as part of an “Ar- Service-sponsored Passport in Time (PIT) survey units on a 20-m grid over the entire chaeology Day” event, in cooperation with project. Supplemented with advanced ca. 3.7-ha site. The grid was based on a 1974 the Sapelo Island Cultural and Revitaliza- field school students from the University of map of the site produced by Dr. Ray Crook tion Society (SICARS). Approximately 35 Montana’s anthropology program, the PIT of the University of West Georgia. All sur- residents of Hog Hammock, the only sur- project will focus on collecting soil sam- vey units were dug to sterile and screened viving residential area on the island, and ples, conducting remote sensing surveys, using ¼-in. mesh. Artifacts were washed, about 25 other visitors viewed the excava- and performing small-scale excavations in rough sorted, and tallied as part of an ag- tions, field laboratory, interpretive presen- selected features. As part of this late sum- gressive field laboratory that facilitated tations, and displays that highlighted the mer research, Dr. Priscilla Wegars from the construction of preliminary artifact distri- survey process and the artifacts that were University of Idaho, Director of the Asian bution maps on a daily basis. Artifact iden- found at the site. Several of the Hog Ham- American Comparative Collection, will tification, analysis and conservation, and a mock residents are descendents of slaves visit the site and consult with the principal final report will be completed by fall 2006 at who lived and worked on the antebellum investigators. the Jeffrey L. Brown Institute of Archaeol- plantations on Sapelo Island, and they Work at this site will continue for at ogy at UTC. showed a keen interest in the exhibits and least three to four years, as part of disser- A total of 117 survey pits were excavat- presentations. Discussions are underway tation, thesis, and undergraduate research ed, providing an even distribution of data for providing artifacts for display at the SI- endeavors. A dissertation and other re- points that facilitated creation of GIS arti- CARS facility on Sapelo. ports submitted to the USFS by graduate fact density contour maps. Once analysis The survey report will be incorporated students will contain the results of all ex- and data input into GIS formats are com- in DNR’s cultural resource management cavations, surveys, and analyses completed plete, the resulting graphics will allow in- plan for the island, and will guide future as part of this project. As part of the part- terpretations of site structure and function research at this important site. A follow- nership, principal investigators will present to be made. The systematic sample from up field school to further investigate some findings and progress at professional con- areas of the site that do not contain obvious of the features discovered at Chocolate is ferences in the near future, and incorporate tabby remains will supplement previous planned for next summer. a public interpretation and outreach com- projects that were foundation oriented. De- ponent into their research. Parties interest- spite the small total ed in this ongoing research should contact area excavated using Lolo National Forest Archaeologist, C. Milo this approach (29.25 McLeod, or University of Montana Profes- m2 of approximately sor, Dr. Kelly J. Dixon. 36,800 m2), several thousand historic ar- U.S.A.-SOUTHEAST tifacts and numerous Reported by Gifford Waters cultural features were recorded, includ-
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 21 Current Publications Compiled by Charles Ewen
Listed below are publications received for review in Historical Archaeology. If you are interested in reviewing one of these publications please contact me at the address below or via email at:
Agnew, Neville, and Janet Bridgland (editors) 2006 Of the Past, For the Future: Integrating Archaeology and Conservation. The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles.
Borelli, Caterina 2004 Qudad: Reinventing a Tradition. Documentary on DVD. Documentary Educational resources, Watertown, MA.
Brickley, Megan, Simon Buteux, Josephine Adams, and Richard Cherrington 2006 St. Martin’s Uncovered: Investigations in the Churchyard of St. Martin’s-in- the-Bull Ring, Birmingham, 2001. Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK.
Cabak, Melanie, and Mark Groover 2004 Plantations Without Pillars: Archaeology, Wealth, and Material Life at Bush Hill. Savannah River Archaeological Research Program, Columbia, SC.
Christie, Neil, Paul Beavitt, Josep Gisbert Santonja, Joan Seguí, and Maria Victoria Gil Senís 2004 Ethnography and Archaeology in Upland Mediterranean Spain. School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Conolly, James, and Mark Lake 2006 Geographical Systems in Archaeology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Egan, Geoff 2005 Material Culture in London in an Age of Transition. Museum of London, London.
Hall, Martin, and Stephen Silliman (editors) 2006 Historical Archaeology. Blackwell, Malden, MA.
SHA Board: 2006 Mid-Year Meeting, Rockville
Standing, left to right: Rebecca Al- len (Editor), Nick Honerkamp, Joe Joseph, Anne Giesecke, Michael Nas- saney (Secretary), Margaret Purser, Lu Ann De Cunzo (President-Elect), William Lees (Newsletter Editor).
Kneeling, Sara Mascia (Treasurer).
Sitting, left to right: Greg Waselkov, Douglas Scott (Pres- dient), Terry Klein, Mark Staniforth (ACUA Chair).
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 22 Owens-Illinois Glass Company Bill Lockhart
[Portions of this article were originally published in Lockhart 2004.]
A few years back, I was asked to con- 1994:71). The merger was formally ap- to know the number of round trips a bottle duct the analysis of a fairly large assem- proved on April 17, 1929 (Paquette 1994:70). would make in typical use. blage of amber bottle glass that was exca- On March 25, 1931, the firm was incorporat- Mold codes are cryptic marks embossed vated by the University of Texas at El Paso. ed in California as the Owens-Illinois Glass on the heels or bases of bottles. Accord- Most of the artifacts were fragmentary and Co., Ltd. The newly renamed organization ing to Miller and Jorgensen (1986), “bottle consisted of amber beer bottle glass. This purchased the Illinois Pacific Coast Co., mould [a “u” in the word mold is correct provided me the opportunity to observe the largest glass manufacturer on the West in British and Canadian English] numbers a large sample of amber beer bottle bases Coast on November 30 of the same year. serve several functions,” including the fol- from the 1933-1941 period. I noticed an The name of the West Coast operation was lowing: interesting pattern in the Owens-Illinois changed to the Owens-Illinois Pacific Coast bases that did not fit the description from Co. on April 23, 1932 (Paquette 1994:81-82). 1. identification of the bottle, particu- Toulouse’s Bottle Makers and Their Marks. According to Paquette (1994:81) Owens-Il- larly for customers placing orders; That set me on a quest to look at as many linois introduced Applied Color Letter- 2. mould and inventory control of the Owens-Illinois bottles as I could find (most- ing (ACL) in 1931, although other sources factory; ly beer, soda, and milk) to see if the pattern place the date of the practical application at 3. Quality control for bottle production, occurred regularly. What I discovered was 1934. Owens-Illinois purchased Brockway, i.e. bottles with defects can be used to iden- a more refined way to date Owens-Illinois Inc. in 1988, renaming the combined giant tify the defective moulds that produced bottles from the 1940-1946 period with in- Owens-Brockway. According to Paquette them; and formation provided by their marks. While (1994:45), the Owens scars appeared on 4. production liability, e.g. should a I was looking, I discovered that Pepsi-Cola the earliest bottles, made in 1904 and 1905 bottle burst, the mould number, in combi- bottles made by Owens-Illinois followed a and continued until the final two machines, nation with trademarks and date codes, can still different pattern in their markings as “AQ” models, were phased out of the Gas tell how old the bottle was and what com- did those from Coca-Cola. City, Indiana, plant on December 17, 1982. pany produced it.
History Types of Marks Although Miller and Jorgensen pro- vided a thorough understanding of the The Owens-Illinois Glass Co. began There are at least three different types marks from Dominion Glass Co., we have with the merger of two of the industry’s gi- of marks embossed on returnable bottles by little evidence for the meanings of mold ants: the Illinois Glass Co. and the Owens the manufacturer. These were probably not codes from most companies. In some cases Glass Co. The Illinois Glass Co. was incor- placed on the containers at the behest of the these codes identify the individual plants porated in March 1873 and began business purchaser (the actual bottler) but reflect the that produced the bottles. Mostly, we have in August. The company was successful needs of the glass house. The first type is little or no information about the meaning and made virtually every type of bottle. By the manufacturer’s mark. These are usual- of mold codes. 1911, Illinois Glass had obtained the first ly symbols and/or letters embossed on the Often, these “mold codes” are synony- of three Owens Automatic Bottle Machine heel or base of the bottle that identify the mous with numbers in the company cata- licenses and made many other containers maker of the container. These were used logs. Thus, I have begun calling these spe- from semiautomatic machines. The firm at least as early as 1821 by Henry Ricketts cific types of mold codes – catalog codes. expanded until the merger with Owens (see on his now well-known style of mold that The glass group to which I belong has suc- Lockhart et al. 2005a for a discussion of the included what was probably the first plate cessfully matched numerous codes found company and its marks). mold (often called slug plates – although on bottles with illustrations in the Whitall The Owens Bottle Co. (1911-1929) grew the industry term was “plates”) on the base Tatum and Illinois Glass Co. catalogs. In from a series of companies that began with of his bottles. other cases, we have been able to match nu- the Toledo Glass Co. (1896-1903). The To- Date codes are usually one- or two-digit merical codes on numerous identical bot- ledo company was succeeded by both the numerals that indicate the year the bottle tles to empirically define codes by certain Owens Bottle Machine Co. (1903-1911) that was made. This idea appears to have been companies (e.g. Illinois Pacific Glass Co.) as made and sold the Owens Automatic Bottle conceived in conjunction with machine- catalog codes. Machine and the Northwestern Ohio Bottle made bottles. At this point, I have not seen Paquette (1994:87-88) discussed the cre- Co. (1904-1908), a company that make bot- date codes embossed on any blown-in- ation of a code system at the end of Prohibi- tles. In 1929, the firm merged with one of mold bottles (with the possible exception tion (1933): its major competitors, the Illinois Glass Co. of Hutchinson bottles made by the Illinois At the outset, the need was for to form the largest glass company in the in- Glass Co. between 1901 and 1903). Date standard sizes, shapes and capaci- dustry. codes are often integral with manufactur- ties. And [Smith L. Reardon] said, The merger between the Owens Glass er’s marks, embedded in mold codes, or “The Secretary had the idea that the Co. and the Illinois Glass Co. brought un- they stand alone. They probably originated government needed to know that der the Owens umbrella the “largest indi- as tracking devices for returnable bottles. bottles would not be refilled and vidual bottle plant in the world” (Paquette Manufacturers and bottlers alike wanted would be tamper-proof. So each of
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 23 the distilleries [received] an identi- a zero (0). The site was the old distribu- of them were missing periods. As noted by fying number and my proposal was tion center for Grand Prize Beer, and the Toulouse (1971:403), the Duraglas (script) that each of the bottle factories also Grand Prize Distributing Co. occupied the mark first appeared in 1940. Creswick be numbered. site from 1939 to 1943. Because Prohibition (1987:155) noted that the block-lettered After several weeks of study and was not lifted until 1933, this meant that Duraglas trademark (#384,993) was reg- discussion, a simple code was de- bottles marked with a zero were probably istered on February 11, 1941, but was first vised. Numbers were used to iden- from 1940. However, many of the bottles used on September 4, 1940. Owens-Illinois tify the month and year the bottle had a zero followed by a period. These also registered the script version of the mark was manufactured and the plant in had embossed stippling (in the form of nu- (#390,467) on September 23, 1941, claim- which it was made. An appropriate merous tiny dots) on the bases. All bases ing first use on September 4, 1940. On beer logotype or symbol would be added marked 1. or 2. also had stippling, and none bottles, the Duraglas mark was consistently to identify the glass company which produced the bottle. Table 1. Owens-Illinois Glass Co. Plant Numbers and Dates of Operation* (from Toulouse 1971:395) Common Owens-Illinois Glass Plant Number Plant Location Dates of Operation Company Marks 1 Toledo, Ohio 1930-1037 2 Fairmont, West Virginia 1930-present + The Diamond OI Mark 3 Huntington, West Virginia 1930-present + As Reardon’s discussion shows, some- 4 Clarksburg, West Virginia 1930-1944 times all three types of markings are com- bined. The Owens-Illinois Glass Co. marks 6 Charleston, West Virginia 1930-1963 provide a good example. A letter from 7 Alton, Illinois 1930-present + Toulouse to May Jones, published in Vol- 8 Glassboro, New Jersey 1930-1939 ume 5 of The Bottle Trail (1965), was the first to identify (at least in print) the rela- 9 Streator, Illinois 1930-present + tionships between the Owens-Illinois mark 10 Newark, Ohio 1930-1939 and the numbers surrounding it. Toulouse 11 Evansville, Indiana 1930-1940 (1971:406) later explained in more detail that the Owens-Illinois manufacturer’s 12 Gas City, Indiana 1930-present + mark also contained additional information 13 Chicago Heights, Illinois 1930-1940 in the form of company, date, and mold codes. The trade mark is an I inside an oval 14 Bridgeton, New Jersey 1930-present + (or an “O” for Owens) superimposed on an 15 Okmulgee, Oklahoma 1930-1940 elongated diamond (the traditional mark of 16 Cincinnati, Ohio 1930-1932 the Illinois Glass Co. – the combined logo sometimes called the diamond IO mark). 17 Clarion, Pennsylvania 1932-present + The mark (#269,225) was registered on 18 Columbus, Ohio 1932-1948 April 1, 1930, and the company claimed first 20 Brackenridge, Pennsylvania 1932-1940 use on April 20, 1929 (Creswick 1987:154). To the left of the mark is a one- or two- 25 Terre Haute, Indiana 1934-1950 digit number that identifies the plant that 26 Muncie, Indiana 1936-1949 produced the bottle. Toulouse provided a 15** Waco, Texas 1938-present + table on page 395 (Table 1) that identified all the Owens-Illinois plant codes. To the 20** Oakland, California 1946-present + right of the mark is a one- or two-digit date 23 Los Angeles, California 1949-present + code, and a mold code (also numerals) ap- 10** Atlanta, Georgia 1960-present + pears below the mark. Both archaeologists and collectors, 21 Portland, Oregon 1960-present + however, have been perplexed that the sin- 4** Rockport, New York 1962-present + gle-digit date codes could reflect either the 8** New Orleans, Louisiana 1962-present + 1930s or 1940s. For example, a date code of 2 could indicate 1932 or 1942. In some 22 Tracy, California 1962-present + cases, other ways of dating the container 11** North Bergen, New Jersey 1963-present + (such as the presence of an Applied Color 5** Charlotte, Michigan 1968-present + Label – a technique not perfected until 1934) could determine the decade of manu- 16** Lakeland, Florida 1967-present + facture. According to Toulouse, however, bottle production apparently began in 1930, * All dates are approximate; Toulouse used a graph that was not precise. so that eliminates the question of whether a single 9 would indicate 1929 or 1939. ** Plant numbers with two asterisks are ones where the number was reassigned after While looking at the amber beer bases the original plant ceased operation. from the El Paso excavation, I noticed an interesting change in bottles marked with + Present=1971, the date of Toulouse’s book, Bottle Makers and Their Marks.
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 24 used in conjunction with stippling. The timing of this is off. Both the Illinois The reason for stippling is not intuitive- Glass Co. and Owens Glass Co. used logos ly obvious. According to the GlassPac Web to identify their products prior to the merg- page (2004): er that created Owens-Illinois in 1929. The new company adopted a logo and began During the manufacture of a glass marking its bottles with the plant code (left container there is a point at which the of the logo) and the year code (to the right) almost red hot bottle is lowered on to immediately. I tested the “month code hypothesis” a relatively cool conveyor. Glass is a Figure 1. Owens-Illnois Mark, 1944 with the few bottles I had handy. I found poor conductor of heat. Therefore on Example numbers of 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 14, 16, and 18 (al- contact with metal, the surface of the The initial bottle used by the Illinois Brew- though the 14 was on the later style of logo glass will cool quickly but the mass ing Co. of Socorro, New Mexico, for exam- – without the diamond). The 14, 16, and 18, of glass behind it will not, leaving a ple, was made in 1946 and has a single 6 to therefore, could not be codes for the month. temperature differential in the glass the right of the Owens-Illinois manufactur- Toulouse was apparently correct about this setting up stresses which may cause er’s mark but with no period after the num- one. However, the bottom number was ap- microscopic cracks to appear that may ber. However, I have found few exceptions plied inconsistently. Although many bot- weaken the glass. Base stippling lifts to the period rule on returnable bottles. By tles from the early 1930s include the bottom the body of the bottle clear from the 1947, the change to double-digit date codes number, a large segment of them do not. Even as late as the 1950s, these numbers are conveyors restricting the heat loss from appears to have been completely adopted sometimes missing. the bottle and eliminating the possibil- by all the plants. Even though the Owens-Illinois engrav- ity of stress and possible weakness. ers changed the date code each year, they The OI Mark did not create a new baseplate each time. In a personal communication, Robert On many Owens-Illinois bottles, it is fairly Owens-Illinois changed to a new varia- C. Leavitt added, “At least some of the dot easy with minor magnification to discern tion of its manufacturer’s mark during the coding on the bases of modern bottles is for tooling marks where the old date code was mid-1950s. The new mark was identical to Q C [quality control], to identify the cavity peened flat and a new one imprinted into the old one except that the elongated dia- on a machine that produced a specific bot- the mold to appear as an embossed date. mond was eliminated leaving only an I in tle. If too many bottles fail QC, they know By the 1960s, the changes are virtually im- an oval. The dating scheme, however, re- where to look.” possible to detect, probably because of im- mained the same with the company code Subsequent observation revealed that proved technical skills. to the left of the mark and the date code the combination of one-digit numbers and Peening out old marks seems to have to the right. Other combinations of letters periods were to be found on soda and been used pretty extensively. Mike Miller and numbers often appeared on some part milk bottles as well. Eventually, a pattern discovered an interesting colorless, soft of the base, possibly identification numbers emerged with the following results. At drink bottle embossed “21 I-in-an-oval-su- for the bottle style (catalog numbers), al- some point in 1940, someone in the Owens perimposed-on-an-elongated-diamond 7” though they could have other meanings. Illinois Glass Co. seems to have realized that on the front heel. This mark was used by The timing of the change is subject to a a zero could indicate either 1930 or 1940, so the Owens-Illinois Pacific Coast Co. (a sub- bit of controversy. According to Toulouse a new code needed to be developed. The sidiary of Owens-Illinois) from 1930 to ca. (1971:403), the older mark (with diamond) answer was to add a period indicating a 1954. The back heel, however, is marked was used from 1929 to 1954, and the new manufacture of 1940 or later. The stip- 1 followed by a blanked-out triangle. The mark (without the diamond) was used pling idea appears to have evolved about Owens-Illinois workers used an old mold “since 1954.” Peterson (1968:49) agreed the same time, and all this was conceived in from either the Illinois Pacific Glass Corp. with a beginning date of 1954 for the new conjunction with the Duraglas process. or the Illinois Pacific Coast Co. (both prede- mark. Both almost certainly referred to the Owens-Illinois continued the single- cessors to the Owens-Illinois Coast Co. and change that occurred in 1954. Although digit numeral/period system until 1946, both users of the triangle logo) to make the planning for the change had begun a year although the company began integrating a bottle. The 7 to the right of the Owens-Il- earlier, 1954 was the year that Owens-Illi- two-digit system as early as 1943, but the 43 linois mark is a date code for 1937 (the final nois Glass Co. became Owens-Illinois, Inc. date code is rare. That means 1940s bottles year the plant was open), so the mold had The conversion included a modification of may have either a 0 or 0. marking, but 1941 laid in storage at least seven years prior to the logo to the “‘I’ placed within a larger and 1942 are almost always marked 1. or its reuse. To remove all doubts, the factory ‘O’” (or oval). It was not until shareholders 2. Occasionally, these periods are difficult code 21 is for one of the two San Francisco voted at the company’s annual meeting on to see because they are concealed in the (former Illinois Pacific) plants. April 21, 1965, however, that the name was stippling, but periods are generally larger The bottom number on the logo also legally changed (Paquette 1994:147). As you than the stippling dots. Bottles made in requires a bit of discussion. Toulouse will see below, the transition was not nearly 1943-1946 may contain either single-digit (1971:403) noted that the bottom number as smooth as the official pronouncement numerals followed by periods or double- indicated “mold details.” However, Pa- would indicate. digit markings, such as a 4. or 44 for 1944 quette (1994:87-88) stated that after Prohi- Using empirical methods, Giarde (figure 1). bition “a simple code was devised. Num- (1980:80), discovered that the “diamond and In several cases, the initial 4 has been bers were used to identify the month and circle mark appears on milk bottles through added as an afterthought, frequently slight- year the bottle was manufactured and the 1956 with the new circle mark appearing on ly out of alignment with the other digits plant in which it was made. An appropri- 1957 milk bottles.” Giarde’s ideas set me associated with the logo. Occasionally, a ate logotype would be added to identify the looking through my soda bottles, and I dis- mold engraver forgot to change the code. glass company which produced the bottle.” covered the older diamond-oval-I marks Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 25 with date codes up to 58 (1958) and David of the engraver rather than as identifying to “skirt” markings by 1934 (see below). Whitten found one from 1959 (from factory marks from factories. The newer mark ap- This consists of a two-digit mold code #7)! Although currently unconfirmed, a pears in the first two styles but not the one followed by a manufacturer’s mark (in the date code of 60 (1960) in conjunction with with the serifs attached to the oval. In some case of Owens-Illinois, the earliest mark the older mark has been reported. The cases, especially on smaller bottles, the “I” with the elongated diamond) and the two- newer, I-in-an-oval marks, however, began is reduced to a dot. digit date code (to the right) all embossed at least as early as 1956 (a 56 date code), so on the narrowest constriction of the “skirt” there was a minimum of a three-year over- Coca-Cola Bottles or lower half of the bottle. In 1951, two lap. If we could find enough bottles with changes occurred simultaneously. The both types of marks from 1954 through An interesting exception to the usual date code migrated to the left, and the man- 1958, it would be interesting to see which markings is the date (and plant) codes on ufacturer’s mark moved to the base of the factories changed at which times. It may be the bases of Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola bot- bottle. The remaining embossing on the that some plants adopted the new system tles. The two major soft drink companies skirt was the two-digit date code, a dash (-), earlier than others. The Oval I mark con- (Coke and Pepsi) have both required bottle then the two-digit mold code on the right. tinued in use after the 1988 name change to makers to adhere to specific requirements These changes occurred about mid-year, so Owens-Brockway and is still used in 2005 in marking their respective bottles. For Coke bottles are found with both configu- (Powell 1990; Emhart 1996:49; 2005). a good survey of manufacturer’s marks, rations. Some Owens-Illinois-made Coke date codes, and other information associ- bottles actually used the standard Owens- Variations in the ated with Coke bottles, see the Coke Bottle Illinois format (e.g., 24 OI mark 4 – Porter Checklist (1996) by Bill Porter. Porter dis- 1996:4, 7). Owens-Illinois Code cussed where date codes and other marks The Owens-Illinois mark on Coke bot- are found and what to look for. Lockhart tles changed to the Oval-I mark about 1954 Owens-Illinois was very inconsistent (2000; 2003:34-37) consolidated known data (when it changed on other bottles – see with its date codes. My “key” holds true on dating the characteristics of Coca-Cola above). The final mark-related change most of the time, but neither it nor any oth- bottles. on Coke bottles occurred by at least 1953 er will be 100% accurate. The dot system Before making a connection with Ow- (probably in 1951), when Owens-Illinois be- was used on returnable bottles from 1940 to ens-Illinois, a few generalizations about gan placing a smaller single letter above the at least 1946. The earliest two-digit code I manufacturer’s marks on Coca-Cola bottles manufacturer’s mark to identify the plant have heard of or seen was 43 (1943). Occa- need to be examined. The earliest variation making the bottle. Factories and marks sionally (especially on whiskey bottles), the of the almost universally known “hobble- included A (Alton, Illinois); B (Bridgeton, code to the right of the logo does not make New Jersey); C (Charlotte, Michigan); F sense as a date code and should be ignored. (Fairmount, West Virginia); S (Streator, Illi- Other times, the plant and date codes are nois); and W (Waco, Texas) (Porter 1996:4). placed somewhere else – not in conjunction with the logo. On many flasks, the factory Pepsi-Cola Bottles and date codes are both to the left of the logo (separated by a dash) and are oriented I have seen no comparable work on perpendicular to the logo. More empirical Pepsi bottles, so I include my observations and historical research needs to be under- here (although Stoddard’s most recent taken on liquor-bottle codes, and Carol Serr book [2003] contains much helpful dating is currently collecting such data. and historical information). Prior to Pepsi’s As a slight aside, Giarde (1980:77-94) adaptation of Applied Color Label bottles devoted 17 pages to discussion about the (often called painted-label bottles or py- Owens-Illinois Glass Co. Along with spe- roglazing, in the case of milk bottles), the cifics about dating, he included a section company did not require any special cod- on the lightweight milk bottles (invented ing, so all early bottles are marked just like by Julian Harrison Toulouse), tables about any other bottle from the respective glass the dates on the lightweight bottles, discus- companies. However, beginning with the sions about each individual plant, and a first ACL fountain syrup bottle in 1943, all section on coffee creamers. Giarde is by far Pepsi bottles followed a specific format. the best reference for manufacturer’s marks Although I will use the Owens-Illinois on milk bottles. marks as examples, the same basic format Owens-Illinois also used the older mark applies to other companies as well (although (with the diamond) in three slightly differ- the earliest bottles followed the older for- ent variations. All three differences center Figure 2. Owens-Illinois Variations mats). On Pepsi bases, a line of numerals around the I inside the diamond. The first and a single letter appears above the logo. is a simple vertical line (sans serif lettering). skirt” bottle is marked PAT’D November The first one or two digits is an unknown The second style has two horizontal bars, 16, 1915. Many of these have no manu- code that may indicate the area of the coun- one attached to the top and one to the bot- facturer’s marks. When such marks are try (the only one I have seen in New Mex- tom of the “I” (serifs). The final style has present, they are usually on the heel of the ico and El Paso, Texas, is 14) followed by a the serifs but they are slightly upswept and bottle. Until 1934, the bottles made by Ow- single letter (all I have seen so far are either attached to the oval (figure 2). At this point, ens-Illinois maintained the standard Ow- A or B) followed by a two-digit date code. I have not been able to find a specific con- ens-Illinois marking system (e.g. 9 OI mark Generally, another single-digit number will nection between factories or time periods. 3) located on the heel. Virtually all glass appear to the left of the logo, and a single- These seem to have been used at the whim houses making Coke bottles had changed or double-digit number will be placed at
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 26 the right (figure 3). The right-hand num- FACTURED BY OWENS-ILLINOIS GLASS 38). These scars are caused by the suction ber is often (but not always) identical to COMPANY. One misstrike read MANU- process of drawing the glass into the mold, the date code or to the last digit of the date FACTUPED BY OWENS-ILLINOIS GLASS a technique that is unique to bottles made code. Also, either above or below the logo COMPANY. Subsequent evidence sug- by the Owens machine (on bottles made in and the line of code above it is a single letter gests that jars and bottles bearing the full the U.S.). As the glass was sucked into the name of the company were manufactured mold, it was sheared of by a “knife.” This for export. Such containers are found as far shearing action created the scar. These are away as New Zealand – embossed on the often described as “feathered” or “rough,” bodies with local company names (Lock- but that does not accurately describe all hart et al. 2005b). Owens scars. Although we currently have no documented evidence, empirical obser- Other Discrepancies vation suggests that this feathering may have been caused by dull knives. Over In a personal communication, Mike El- time, the feathering decreases until most ling noted that ca. 1944-1945 (World War Owens scars consist of only a single line. II) Owens-Illinois seems to have run short Probably, technicians learned to change of red pigment. Mike has a Royal Crown or sharpen the knives more frequently or pyramid bottle that is missing the red that some other technical discovery allowed for was typically used on the label. Billy Grice the more refined scar. Figure 3. Pepsi-Cola Owens-Illinois Mark, offered a yellow-only Squirt bottle on eBay On later bottles from the Owens com- 1944 Example. with a 1945 Owens-Illinois mark and date pany, for example, the scars consist of a code embossed on the base. He stated that roughly circular fine line. Usually, this line followed by a three- or four-digit number. “during the war many west coast bottlers is debossed or sunken into the glass (unlike This is probably a mold code, although the went to single colors.” It is probable that embossing and most mold lines which pro- meaning is currently unknown. red dye was in short supply during the end trude from the glass surface). However, the From looking at El Paso soda bottles, of World War II. Owens-Illinois may have Owens scar may be raised above the sur- it appears that plants 9 and 6 were the only experienced the shortage for the final face of the bottle. most active in making soda bottles with year or so of the war. The Owens scar is rarely centered on the older logo (1929-1959) (although soda One additional discrepancy is worth the base. It is often so off center that it ex- bottles were also made at plants 3, 18, 19, mentioning. In very small bottles, Owens- tends over the heel and onto the body of and 23). Plants 5, 7, 9, 15, and 20 made soda Illinois often left off the date, plant, and the bottle. This is especially true of smaller bottles with the newer logo (after 1955). mold codes completely; only the logo re- bottles, but the phenomenon also occurs on Oddly, Toulouse (1971:403) claimed that mained. Another exception was provided fairly large containers. “there were no plants 5 and 19.” However, by David Whitten. He sent information on those numbers appear (with highly legible several pharmaceutical bottles with OI lo- Conclusion embossing) on El Paso soda bottles. Two gos and dated paper labels, one of which different bottles bearing the I-in-an-oval- had the OI logo (no diamond) but only had Thus, we find that the Owens-Illinois superimposed-on-an-elongated-diamond a single-digit date code. The date code (5) coding system is a bit more complex and manufacturer’s mark bear a “19” in the matched the prescription date of 11/23/55. revealing than we originally thought. The space to the left of the logo. Similarly, one Apparently, on small (but not tiny) bottles, transition period between one- and two- container with the later I-in-an-oval mark the company reverted to a single-digit date digit date codes is usually clearly marked. shows a distinct “5” to the left of the logo. code to save space. David also has several This research confirms Toulouse’s date of It is clear that Toulouse was confused about more small bottles with the OI logo and a 1940 for the use of the Duraglas mark and plant #5. In his table (Toulouse 1971:395; single-digit date code. The abbreviated also sets a date (1940) for the use of stip- reproduced here as table 1), he lists plant date code was apparently pretty common pling on bottle bases by Owens-Illinois. #5 in Charlotte, Michigan, which opened on small bottles. In addition, Pepsi-Cola and Coca-Cola re- about 1963. Although he calls it an “old A final discrepancy was also noted by quired a slightly different date coding, and number reassigned,” it is likely a new plant Whitten (personal communication). This date codes were either eliminated or abbre- number that was skipped earlier. In a table concerned a slight difference in the Owens- viated on some smaller bottles. Owens-Il- provided to David Whitten by a representa- Illinois logo during the 1930s. The marks linois, however, was very inconsistent with tive from Owens-Illinois, however, factory tended to be “taller and larger, and the oval its coding. #19 is listed as being in Crenshaw, Pennsyl- is maybe a bit more ‘squared’ or ‘vertically vania. The table also included factory num- rectangular’ at least . . . compared with later bers as high as 52! Obviously, Toulouse ones.” By the 1940s, however, marks be- References only listed the earlier plants. came more refined and smaller. This trend toward reduction in line thickness and in- Creswick, Alice Exported Jars creased clarity of the mark and codes con- 1987 The Fruit Jar Works, Volume II, Listing tinued into the 1980s. Jars Made Circa 1900 to Modern. Privately Owens-Illinois also manufactured fruit printed, Grand Rapids, Michigan. jars. Creswick (1987:107-108) lists several Owens Scars jars made by Owens-Illinois and its Pacific Emhart Glass Coast subsidiaries. Jars were embossed on Owens scars, found on the bases 1996 The Emhart Book of Punt Marks. Em- the reverse heel MANUFACTURED BY of all bottles made by an Owens Automatic hart, Zurich, Switzerland. OWENS-ILLINOIS GLASS CO. or MFD. BY Bottle Machine, are discussed in numerous OWENS ILLINOIS GLASS CO. or MANU- publications (e.g. Jones & Sullivan 1989:37-
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 27 2005 “Punt Marks Guide” Emhart Glass Porter, Bill Stoddard, Bob Online.
Jones, Olive, and Catherine Sullivan 1989 The Parks Canada Glass Glossary for A Good Walk Around the the Description of Containers, Tableware, Flat Glass, and Closures. Parks Canada, Ottawa.
Lockhart, Bill Boundary 2000 Bottles on the Border: The History and Bottles of the Soft Drink Industry in El Paso, Texas, 1881-2000. Townsend Library, New Archeological Inventory of the Dyck and Other Mexico State University at Alamogordo.
2004 “The Dating Game: Owens-Illinois $10.00 + $2.00 s/h Glass Co.” Bottles and Extras 15(3):24-27.
Lockhart, Bill, Bill Lindsey, David Whitten, A special publication of the Nebraska Association of and Carol Serr 2005a “The Dating Game: The Illinois Glass Professional Archeologists and the Nebraska State Company.” Bottles and Extras 16(1):54-60. Historical Society.
Lockhart, Bill, Michael R. Miller, Bill Lind- sey, Carol Serr, and David Whitten Other back issues and membership information available at 2005b “The Dating Game: Illinois Pacific – A Division of the Illinois Glass Co.” Bottles www.nebraskahistory.org/archeo/napa. and Extras 16(2):in press.
Miller, George L., and Elizabeth A. Jor- gensen 1986 Some Notes on Bottle Mould Numbers from the Dominion Glass Company and its Pre- decessors. Parks Canada, Ottawa.
Paquette, Jack K. 1994 The Glassmakers: A History of Owens- Illinois, Incorporated. Trumpeting Angel Press, Toledo, Ohio.
Peterson, Arthur G. Please contact Kelli Bacon at [email protected]. 1968 400 Trademarks on Glass. Washington College Press, Takoma, Md. Nebraska Association of Professional Archeologists
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 28 Candidates’ Information 2006 SHA and ACUA Elections
The SHA Nominations and Elections 1990-1992; Lecturer in Behavioural Sci- a board member, my priorities would be Committee presented the following slate of ences, Mont Royal College, Calgary. Pro- twofold. First, given my experience as a candidates for elected office for the Society fessional Service: Board of Directors, Cen- university teacher, I would like to promote to the SHA Board of Directors; no nomi- tre d’initiation au patrimoine (1995-2005); the quality of teaching of historical archae- nations were received from the floor. The Board of Directors, Association des archéo- ology in the university setting and in pub- Advisory Council on Underwater Archae- logues du Québec (1991-1993); Board of lic education. Second, we have noticed by ology presented the following slate of can- Directors, Commission des biens culturels, holding its annual meetings outside the didates for elected office. All candidates comité avis et prise de position (1993-1997); U.S., The Society for Historical Archaeol- were asked to provide biographical infor- Editorial Board, Études Inuit Studies (1998- ogy has expanded its interests in other cul- mation and answer two questions specific 2002); Editorial Board, Post-Medieval Ar- tural areas and developed an openness to to the office sought. chaeology (2002-2005); Terrestrial Program diverse methods of practicing archaeology, Chair, SHA Conference, Québec City (2000). to the advantage of the Society and his- For SHA Board of Directors Teaching and Research Interests: archaeol- torical archaeology in general. As well, the ogy and archaeological field schools (at foreign host countries have benefited from (two positions) Université Laval); Arctic prehistory; North better visibility within SHA. As a board American native populations in prehistoric member, I would work to promote the or- Réginald Auger, PhD and historic times, specifically subsistence ganization of annual meetings in countries adaptation and cultural transfers between where historical archaeology needs greater Education: BSc, Anthropology, Univer- Natives and Europeans; the Frobisher voy- recognition. sity of Montréal, 1978; MA, Anthropology, ages; and sugar production in French Gui- Memorial University of Newfoundland, ana. Recent publications: “La formation James Bruseth, PhD, RPA 1983; PhD, Archaeology, University of Cal- de la relève en archéologie, un curriculum gary, 1989. Current Positions: Professor, De- en mutation,” Archéologiques 17:88-92; co- Education: BA, Business Management, partment of History, Université Laval, Qué- authored with G. Beaudoin, “Implications University of New Orleans, 1972; MA, An- of the mineralogy and chemical composi- thropology, Southern Methodist University, tion of lead beads from Frobisher’s assay 1982; PhD, Anthropology, Southern Meth- site, Kodlunarn Island, Canada: prelude odist University, 1986. Present Position: to Bre-X?” Can. J. Earth Sci./Rev. Can. Sci. Director of the Archeology Division at the Terre 41(6):669-681; co-authored with Y. Le Texas Historical Commission and Deputy Roux, “Étude archéologique de l’habitation Texas State Historic Preservation Officer; de Loyola à Rémire en Guyane française”, former board member of the National Con- Archéologiques 15:55-68; co-authored with ference of State Historic Preservation Offi- W. Moss, “The Archæology of Physical and Social Transformation: High Times, Low Tides and Tourist Floods on Québec City’s Waterfront,” in The Archæology of Urban Landscapes: Explorations in Slumland, edited by Alan Mayne and Tim Murray, Cam- bridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001; co-authored with W. W. Fitzhugh, L. Gulla- son, A. Henshaw, D. Hogarth and D. Laey- endecker, “De-Centering Icons of History: Exploring the Archeology of the Frobisher Voyages and Early European-Inuit Con- tact,” in De-Centering the Renaissance: Canada and Europe in Multi-Disciplinary Perspective, 1500-1700, edited by Germaine Warkentin and Carolyn Podruchny, University of To- ronto Press, Toronto, 2001. bec City (1994-present); Director of CELAT, What do I believe I can contribute to Université Laval. Past Positions: program SHA if elected to the position of member cers (1993-1996). Research Interests: French director in archaeology, ethnology and mu- of the SHA board? What priorities would and Spanish colonial archaeology, both ter- seum studies, Université Laval (2001-2004); I emphasize, taking into consideration restrial and nautical. Recent Publications: consultant and lecturer, 1993, Québec City; SHA’s missions and goals, ongoing com- “The Shipwreck of La Salle’s La Belle,” in Social Sciences and Humanities Research mittee activities and the management and Unlocking the Past, University of Florida Council of Canada Postdoctoral Fellow financial challenges of the Society? As Press, Gainesville, 2005; From a Watery Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 29 Grave: The Discovery and Excavation of La Sal- heritage from federally sponsored construc- Adjunct Associate Professor, Classical and le’s Shipwreck, La Belle (with Toni S. Turner), tion projects. The SHA has been an ardent Near Eastern Studies, University of Minne- Texas A&M University Press, College Sta- advocate of protection of these national sota (1984-2001); Chief Archaeologist, Fort tion, 2005; “A Clash of Two Cultures: Presi- laws, and as a board member I will main- Snelling Restoration, Minnesota Historical dio La Bahía as a Deterrent to French Incur- tain that proactive stance. Furthermore, I Society (1975-1980). Professional Service: sion on the Texas Gulf Coast” (with Jeffery will support as much as possible an inter- Board of Directors, Register of Professional Durst and others), Historical Archaeology national inclusiveness in our membership, Archaeologists (SHA representative)(2000– 38(3):78-93, 2004; “Finding Sha’chahdínnih especially in regard to our Latin American present); President, Council on Alabama (Timber Hill): The Last Village of the Kado- colleagues. We all greatly benefit when Archaeology (2005–present); Program Co- hadacho in the Caddo Homeland” (with we share research with colleagues work- Chair, Joint Midwest Archaeological-Plains Mark Parsons, Jacques Bagur, S. Eileen ing in other countries and under differing Anthropological Conference (2000); Pro- Goldborer, and Claude McCrocklin), Plains legal and fiscal constraints. And most im- gram Chair, Joint Plains Anthropological- Anthropologist 47(182):231-249, 2003; “Dé- portantly for any position with the SHA, I Midwest Archaeological Conference (1976); couverte et Fouille de La Belle” (with Layne will devote the time and effort necessary to Chair, SHA Membership Committee (1998- Hedrick and John de Bry), in Cavelier de La serve the Society as diligently and effective- 2003); Chair, RPA Recruitment Committee Salle, L’Expédition de 1684, La Belle, edited by ly as possible. I have received numerous (2000–present). Research Interests: general Jean Boudriot, Collection Archéologie Na- benefits as an SHA member of many years, historical archaeology, military sites ar- vale Française, Paris, 2000. and look forward to the opportunity to give chaeology, industrial archaeology, cultural back to the Society through my service on resource management, petroglyph studies;. What do I believe I can contribute to the board. Recent Publications: “Pattern and Function SHA if elected to the position of mem- at the Jeffers Petroglyphs, Minnesota,” in ber of the SHA board? My experience in Robert A. Clouse, PhD, RPA The Rock Art of Eastern North America, edited archaeology has been diverse, including by Carol Diaz-Granados and James R. Dun- historic, prehistoric, and nautical projects. Robert A. Clouse, PhD, RPA. Educa- can, University of Alabama Press (2004), I have directed small to very large grant- tion: BA, Anthropology, Indiana State pp. 110-115; “Interpreting Archaeological funded research and CRM-based projects, University, 1970; MA, Anthropology, Uni- Data through Correspondence Analysis,” and have been actively involved in rais- versity of Illinois—Urbana-Champaign, Historical Archaeology, 33(2):90-107; “An- ing funds from both government agencies 1974; PhD, Anthropology, University of thropology in Service to Archaeology,” An- and private philanthropists for many of Illinois—Urbana-Champaign, 1996. Cur- thropology News, 40(4):41. my projects. My present position includes rent Positions: Executive Director, Univer- SHPO review of archaeological projects in sity of Alabama Museums, University of What do I believe I can contribute to Texas conducted under state or federal law, Alabama (2005–present); Director, Office SHA if elected to the position of member which gives me a broad perspective on the of the SHA board? Looking at the chal- range of archaeological work undertaken in lenges facing the Society in the new centu- a large and geographically diverse state. I ry, there has never been a more important will draw on my background and experi- time for individuals to lead the SHA with ence to further the objectives of the Society experience and perspectives from both the for Historical Archaeology, especially by teaching and the applied segments of our seeking a wide representation of our pro- field. Having officers of the Society that fessional community in the Society’s mem- can draw from such experience and multi- bership and activities. ple perspectives will serve the membership in helping to bring unity to our efforts that What priorities would I emphasize, are often wasted in divisive discourse. An taking into consideration SHA’s missions organization that offers attractive options and goals, ongoing committee activities to academic and applied historical archae- and the management and financial chal- ologists will attract greater membership lenges of the Society? I believe that mem- and greater membership participation in bership in our Society, attendance at our achieving its mission. annual meetings, and articles published in our journal should represent a broad range What priorities would I emphasize, of historical archaeologists. CRM-based taking into consideration SHA’s missions historical archeology, where in fact much and goals, ongoing committee activities work is conducted today, should be fully and the management and financial chal- represented. While our annual meetings lenges of the Society? In order to reach include many papers on CRM-based work, its full potential and express the diversity not enough of it is making its way onto the of research that is important in interpreting pages of Historical Archaeology. I believe we the archaeology of the historic period, the should find ways to encourage the publi- Society needs to maintain and expand its cation of a greater number of high-quality international focus. Historical archaeology articles from CRM-based historical archae- of Archaeological Research, University of is underrepresented in the academy and I ology. In addition, as a board member I Alabama (2001–present); Adjunct Profes- believe the Society should work towards will be watchful of attempts to modify our sor, Department of Anthropology, Uni- increasing representation in departments federal laws, particularly the National His- versity of Alabama (2001–present); Past offering graduate degrees in anthropology toric Preservation Act and its implementing Positions: Head, Archaeology Department, and other related fields. A broader instruc- regulations, that protect our archaeological Minnesota Historical Society (1980-2001); tional context of the scope and breadth of Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 30 archaeology that includes archaeology of vation Review Board (1997-2000); Board of Archaeologist, Research Associate, Archae- the historic period will result in new gen- Directors (SAA Representative), Register of ology Institute, University of West Florida eration of archaeologists with an improved Professional Archaeologists (2004-present); (2004-present). Past Positions: Lecturer, understanding of the full range of what con- Chair of Nominating Committee, Society Sociology Department, College of Southern stitute archaeological resources. Historical for American Archaeology (2004); Chair, Maryland (2004); Nautical Archaeologist, archaeologists are also underrepresented in RPA Task Force on Continuing Education Panamerican Consultants Inc., 1998-2003; government archaeological programs and (2006). Archaeologist, Field Supervisor, LaSalle regulatory agencies, including most SHPOs Shipwreck Project, 1996-1997. Research In- and many federal agencies, resulting in un- What do I believe I can contribute to equal treatment of historic archaeological SHA if elected to the position of member resources. I would work to help the Society of the SHA board? Using my past expe- develop mechanisms to assist federal and rience as a board member of the Society state agencies to make more comprehen- for American Archaeology (SAA), the sive resource management decisions that American Cultural Resources Association include the importance of historic-period (ACRA), and The Register of Professional archaeological sites to reduce the frequency Archaeologists (RPA) I will make every ef- of disregarding such resources largely be- fort to serve the Society for Historical Ar- cause they are recent and numerous. chaeology. I am excited to have the oppor- tunity to run for a board position at a time Donald J. Weir that the SHA is working hard to transition from a fully volunteer organization to one Education: MA, Anthropology, Michi- with a professional management team. I gan State University, 1979. Current Posi- fully understand the effort and commit- tion: President, Commonwealth Cultural ment needed to be a successful board mem- Resources Group, Inc. Since 1974, served ber. as project manager for more than 500 cul- tural resource management projects and What priorities would I emphasize, authored more than 100 technical reports. taking into consideration SHA’s missions After working for Gilbert/Commonwealth and goals, ongoing committee activities from 1974-1988, started Commonwealth and the management and financial chal- lenges of the Society? As a board member, my role would be to provide guidance to terests: Historical archaeology, nautical ar- the Society as it makes critical decision on chaeology, ship construction, culture con- the future of the organization. This would tact, maritime trade. Recent publications: include decisions of how to successfully co-authored with Sam Spiers, “Central continue the transition from a volunteer or- Region Project: Ongoing Research on Early ganization to one managed by a profession- Contact, Trade and Politics in Coastal Gha- al organization. This transition has serious na, AD 500-2000” 2004; co-authored with financial implications for the organization Steven James and Chuck Meide, Archaeo- and it will take considerable oversight to logical Data Recovery of the Iron-Hulled make it successful. Vessel Manuela and the Documentation A second important issue facing the So- of the Cristobál Colón, in San Juan Harbor, ciety is continuing professional education. Puerto Rico, 2003; co-authored with Chris- The SHA should work closely with the topher DeCorse, Ed Carr, and Sam Spiers, Register of Professional Archaeologists to “Central Region Project, Coastal Ghana: develop recommendations on this impor- Perspectives 2000,” 2000. tant issue. A final issue of importance is how does Given the qualifications and experi- Cultural Resources Group, Inc. in 1988. the Society function on an international ence outlined in your biographical state- Professional Service: Investment and Fi- scale.? What can be done to bring more in- ment, what do you believe you can con- nance Committee Member, Society for ternational members into the organization? tribute to SHA as a member of the 2006 American Archaeology (1992-1998 and If election to a board position I will work Nominations and Elections Committee? 1999-2000); Treasurer-Elect, Society for to support and expand these efforts. My work in historical archaeology has in- American Archaeology (2000), Treasurer, volved both academic and CRM research Society for American Archaeology (2001- For SHA Nominations on land and under water, with a geographic 2002); Treasurer, American Cultural Re- and Elections Committee focus spanning North America, the Carib- sources Association (1997-2002); Executive bean, and West Africa. This broad experi- Board Member, American Cultural Re- (two at-large positions) ence will serve well in navigating the issues sources Association (1995-2000); Member- and concerns relating to the Nominations ship Chairman, Society of Professional Ar- Gregory D. Cook, M.A. and Elections Committee, and help foster chaeologists (1996-1998); Executive Board a broader view of historical archaeology Member, Conference on Michigan Archae- Education: B.A., Anthropology, Indi- which will benefit SHA as an international ology (1987-1989 and 2000-2005); President, ana University, 1989; M.A., Anthropology, organization. Conference on Michigan Archaeology Texas A&M University 1997; ABD, Syra- (1989-1993); Michigan State Historic Preser- cuse University. Current Position: Nautical If elected to the 2006 Nominations and Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 31 Elections Committee, what are the prima- the North Carolina Department of Trans- Stacy Schneyder, MA ry issues that you would emphasize in the portation” (coauthored), In GIS and Archae- nominations process, taking into consider- ological Site Location Modeling. Archaeologi- Education: BS, Anthropology, Oregon ation SHA’s missions and goals, ongoing cal Testing, Mitigation, and Monitoring of the State University, 1998; MA, Cultural Re- committee activities, and the management Proposed Comfort Station, Stewart Warehouse, sources Management, Sonoma State Uni- and financial challenges of the Society? Altman Mill and Saltsburg Glass Factory versity, 2001. Current Position: Senior With the continuing growth of SHA and its – Saltsburg Canal Park, Saltsburg, Pennsylva- Historical Archaeologist/Project Manager, broader appeal to historical archaeologists nia, In Southwestern Pennsylvania Heritage Jones & Stokes, 2000-Present. Past Posi- across the globe, representing this progress Preservation Commission, Archeological tions: Field Director, University of Oregon/ through the nominations of its officers and Report No. 7, National Park Service. “GIS Oregon State Museum of Anthropology, representatives is a key goal. As a member in Historical Predictive Modeling: The Fort 2005; Field Director, Washington College, of the Nominations and Elections Commit- Drum Project” (coauthored), In Interpreting Chestertown, MD, 2002; Archaeologist, So- tee, I would work diligently to promote the Space: GIS in Archaeology. “Archaeological noma State University, 1998-2000; Archae- basic principles that helped define SHA Investigations at the Federal Correctional ologist, United States Forest Service, Willa- since its establishment in 1967, as well as Institution, Estill, Hampton County, South mette National Forest/Detroit District, OR, help foster in new ideas and personnel to Carolina” (coauthored), South Carolina An- 1997-1998. Professional Memberships and represent the Society’s expanding member- tiquities. ship base. Given the qualifications and experi- ence outlined in your biographical state- Benjamin Resnick, M.A., RPA. ment, what do you believe you can con- tribute to SHA as a member of the 2006 Education: B.A., Anthropology, Univer- Nominations and Elections Committee? I sity of Maryland, 1980; M.A., Anthropolo- have been involved in historical archaeolo- gy/Public Service Archaeology, University gy for nearly 25 years as a student, teacher, of South Carolina, 1984. Current Position: and public service archaeologist working Cultural Resources Manager, GAI Consul- in the Mid-Atlantic region, Southeast, and tants, Inc. (1989-present). Past Positions: California. In that time, I have developed Principal Investigator, Louis Berger & As- a broad perspective of our discipline and sociates, Inc. (1986-1989); Senior Archae- have established relationships with many ologist, Archaeological Advisory Group individuals practicing historical archaeolo- (1985-1986); Senior Archaeologist, Scientific gy in both the academic and applied fields. I have also served on numerous regional and national organizations including the SHA and SOPA/RPA. As Vice President of the Pennsylvania Archaeology Council, I also presently service as Chairperson of the Membership and Ethics Committee. I hope to have an opportunity to draw upon this Activities: Society for Historical Archaeol- experience and these diverse contacts as a ogy (member, 1997-present), 2005 Confer- member of the Nominations and Elections ence Local Arrangements Chair, Sacramen- Committee. to, Conference Committee (2003-present), Membership Committee (2001-present), If elected to the 2006 Nominations Editorial Advisory Committee (2005-pres- and Elections Committee, what are the ent); Society for California Archaeology primary issues that you would empha- (member, 1998-present), Treasurer (2003- size in the nominations process, taking 2005), Conference Committee (2003), Mem- into consideration SHA’s missions and bership Committee Chair (2000-2003), Stu- goals, ongoing committee activities, and dent Paper Award Committee (2003-2005); the management and financial challenges Society for American Archaeology (mem- of the Society? If elected, my hope is to ber, 1999-present). Research Interests: 19th- broaden the appeal of historical archaeol- century labor camps in the American west, ogy and the SHA by focusing on dissemi- consumerism and material culture in urban nating the results of our work to the public neighborhoods, using Geographic Informa- Resource Surveys (1980-1981). Professional at large. As such, I would work for a slate tion Systems in archaeological analysis. Service: Mid-Atlantic Current Research Co- of candidates that represents individuals ordinator, SHA Newsletter (1997-present); with experience and an interest in public Given the qualifications and experi- Vice President, Pennsylvania Archaeologi- education and interpretation. This would ence outlined in your biographical state- cal Council (PAC) (2004-present); Member- undoubtedly enhance SHA’s visibility and ment, what do you believe you can con- ship/Certification Committee, SOPA/RPA importance while strengthening our overall tribute to SHA as a member of the 2006 (1995-2000). Research Interests: Urban organization. Nominations and Elections Committee? archaeology, public archaeology, GIS and I feel a deep lifelong commitment to the predictive modeling. Selected Publications: SHA and strive to be an integral part of the “A GIS-Based Archaeological Predictive organization and to contribute to the con- Model and Decision Support System for tinued success of the Society. My extensive
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 32 involvement in archaeology and cultural 1983. Current Position: Senior Historical resources management and my role as Lo- Archaeologist, California Department of For Advisory Council on cal Arrangements Chair for the 2006 SHA Transportation (2001-present). Past Posi- Conference in Sacramento has allowed me tions: Associate Historical Archaeologist, Underwater Archaeology to develop a widespread network of col- California Department of Transportation, (three positions) leagues in the U.S. and abroad—on both Sacramento (1991-2001); Lecturer, Anthro- land and sea. Having served as an Execu- pology 2, College of the Redwoods, Fort tive Officer of the SCA and as last year’s Bragg (1999); Associate State Archaeologist, Marc-André Bernier SHA Annual Meeting Local Arrangements California Office of Historic Preservation Chair, I can offer the experience of recogniz- (1989-1991); Archaeologist, INFOTEC Re- Education: BA, Classical Studies, Uni- ing the skill set and attributes of an effective search, Inc. (1984-1989); Consulting Archae- versity of Ottawa, 1986; MA, Greek Archae- board member. Consequently, I have been ologist (1979-present). Professional Service: ology, University of Ottawa, 1990; Diploma fortunate to develop professional relation- USA—Pacific West editor for SHA Newslet- (1st cycle), Educational Sciences, Univer- ships with highly motivated, management- ter (2006); Terrestrial Program Chair, SHA sité du Québec en Abitibi-témiscamingue, savvy, experienced professionals in our 2006 Annual Meeting; Contributing Editor, 1988. Current Position: Senior Underwa- field who would be an asset to the SHA Society for California Archaeology News- ter Archaeologist, Parks Canada Agency Board. I will work in unison with the cur- letter. Research Interests: cultural contact; (1999-present). Past Positions: Underwater rent Board of Directors while incorporating households; labor; ethnicity; method and Archaeologist, Parks Canada Agency (1990- input from the SHA membership to iden- theory. Publications: volume editor, “Dar- 1999). Professional Service: Underwater tify a slate of candidates that are commit- ing Experiments: Issues and Insights about Program coordinator for SHA Québec ted to maintaining the excellence that the Utopian Communities,” Historical Archae- meeting (2000); Nautical Archaeology Ser- SHA is recognized for, are passionate about ology 40(1); volume editor, “Communities vice (NAS) Senior Tutor for Parks Canada historical archaeology, and dedicated to de- Defined by Work: Life in Western Work (1999-today) and NAS International Tutor veloping methods to improve the operation Camps,” Historical Archaeology 36(3); “The Instructor (2000-present). Research Inter- of the organization. ‘Poor Man’s Mill:’ A Rich Vernacular Leg- ests: hipwrecks in New France; 17th-cen- acy,” Industrial Archaeology 30(2):5-23; and tury ship construction; anchors; submerged If elected to the 2006 Nominations and others. cultural resource management; outreach in Elections Committee, what are the pri- underwater archaeology; site formation. mary issues that you would emphasize in Given the qualifications and experi- the nominations process, taking into con- ence outlined in your biographical state- Given the qualifications and experi- sideration SHA’s missions and goals, on- ment, what do you believe you can con- ence outlined in your biographical state- going committee activities, and the man- tribute to SHA as a member of the 2006 ment, what do you believe you can con- agement and financial challenges of the Nominations and Elections Committee? tribute to the ACUA/SHA if elected? My Society? I will emphasize the importance My background is in CRM, but I have broad background of working with a well-estab- of the fiscal responsibility of the organiza- contacts across the profession and in the lished government organization promoting tion along with the continued oversight of academy through publishing, professional the highest standards possible in under- our management organization. I will strive activities, and annual meeting participa- water archaeology, while at the same time to nominate individuals who are commit- tion. I will seek thoughtful and commit- being responsible within that organization ted to financial responsibility while main- ted candidates drawn from academic and for the educational program for avoca- taining the overall goals of the Society and professional circles to develop slates that tional archaeologists, has given me some increasing member involvement in the or- reflect our diversity and evolving goals. tools to help address the priorities I feel the ganization. ACUA/SHA is faced with (standards and If elected to the 2006 Nominations and outreach). In recent years, I have actively Thad M. Van Bueren, MA, RPA Elections Committee, what are the prima- worked to the best of my capacities to help ry issues that you would emphasize in the underwater archaeologists establish and Education: BA, Anthropology, San nominations process, taking into consider- Francisco State University, 1978; MA, An- ation SHA’s missions and goals, ongoing thropology, San Francisco State University, committee activities, and the management and financial challenges of the Society? As we move from a purely volunteer orga- nization to a professionally managed one, it will be crucial to find candidates who are strongly committed to professional service, understand and have a concrete vision for meeting the diverse and changing needs of the membership, and bring experience in business management to the table. I think it is important to draw upon our varied regional and professional experiences to keep the Society strong and responsive. I will also give consideration in my screen- ing efforts to the level of institutional sup- port candidates bring to the table, since that will influence how much energy they can devote to their service.
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 33 develop programs outside of North Ameri- munity. His thesis, “The Life and Times of for federal and state agencies and now man- ca. The experience I acquired doing so can a Merchant Sailor: The Archaeology and age a submerged cultural resources firm. I help the ACUA/SHA in its quest to extend History of the Norwegian Ship Catharine,” feel that I can be a voice and bring together its international network and to establish was subsequently published in the Plenum the ideas of managers, professionals, avo- itself as a promoter and perhaps a facilita- Series in Underwater Archaeology in 2003. cationals, and students, all of whom have tor of high-quality training in underwater Burns worked as an archaeologist on the a stake in national and international under- archaeology, a need stated by the Annex of CSS Hunley recovery off Charleston, SC be- water archaeology decision making. the UNESCO Convention for the Protection fore moving to St. Augustine, FL to work of Underwater Cultural Heritage. If elected, what priorities would you emphasize taking into consideration If elected, what priorities would you ACUA/SHA’s missions and goals, ongo- emphasize taking into consideration ing committee activities, and the man- ACUA/SHA’s missions and goals, ongo- agement and financial challenges of the ing committee activities, and the manage- Society? Reading through the ethical prin- ment and financial challenges of the Soci- ciples of the Society for Historical Archae- ety? One of the more important challenges ology, Principle 7 stands out clearly in my the ACUA/SHA is faced with is that of de- mind. It states that it is our responsibility fending and promoting its ethical standards to educate and engage private citizens in and professional rigor. This is particularly the ongoing process of archaeological re- true in underwater archaeology where the search and resource protection. I would discipline is constantly challenged by ac- hope to expand the public education goals tivities with unacceptable ethics and stan- of the SHA/ACUA through more targeted dards using underwater archaeology as a publications, the involvement and support promotional façade. The SHA/ACUA has of the underwater avocational community worked hard on this issue in the past, par- for the Lighthouse Archaeological Maritime and the expansion and updating of the ticularly in the last few years, but it remains Program (LAMP). From 2000-2003, Burns ACUA underwater archaeology Web site. the main priority. Actions to be continued served as LAMP’s Director of Conservation By keeping a well-maintained and updated or initiated to address this priority include: and participated in all facets of the under- Web site, we will be able to “get the word active promotion of the ratification of the water archaeology program. Burns was out” about our programs and research and UNESCO Convention for the Protection of also fortunate to assist on the 2002 CSS Ala- draw people back to the site with fresh con- Underwater Cultural Heritage; support for bama project off Cherbourg, France. Burns tent. I would also like to see the principle the training of professionals in emerging served as the first underwater archaeolo- of education expanded to include publicly countries where new underwater archae- gist hired by the Georgia Department of elected and appointed officials at the local, ology programs and organizations are be- Natural Resources from 2003-2006 and was county, and state level whose opinions and ing created or fighting to survive; and the responsible for building a statewide under- efforts affect cultural resource management promoting of dissemination of high-qual- water archaeology program for Georgia. on a day-to-day basis. ity research in the discipline of underwater Burns currently serves as the Maritime Ar- archaeology through publication and lec- chaeology Principal Investigator/Project Susan B.M. Langley tures. Manager for Southeastern Archaeological At the same time, the SHA/ACUA Research Inc., Maritime Division, and is re- Education: BA cum laude, Anthropol- must continue to pursue an aggressive out- sponsible for all aspects of the underwater ogy, 1980, Trinity College, University of To- reach program targeting not only the gen- archaeology contracting process. eral public, but also the sport divers that Burns’ professional research has fo- are in direct contact with the underwater cused on submerged cultural resources archaeological sites. A better integration management and public education, while of the underwater avocational community his personal research focuses on 19th-centu- within the SHA conference would also be ry merchant fleets and their transition from encouraged. This balance between pursu- sail to steam and the expansion of world ing higher standards and sending an acces- commerce by shipping nations after 1850. sible message to the public is a difficult one, Burns is also the founder and Webmaster of but one that is central to the mission of the
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 37 single space and time. A cowrie shell sug- used to underline social divisions within Haas, Jonathan gests an African presence in the house. A the household. Objects to the left of the case 2000 Archaeology in the Contemporary Mu- small gaming piece carved from a shard were probably used by the servants. Those seum. NAPA Bulletin 20, University of Cali- of creamware was likely used by someone on the right were likely used by the Win- fornia Press. who could not afford a manufactured one, slows. Between the two, toward the front of which indicates use by a servant rather the case, is the gaming piece, created from ---. 1996 Power, Objects, and a Voice for An- than one of the Winslows. For most arti- a dish used by the Winslows, but employed thropology. Current Anthropology 37(sup- facts, however, class connection was more by the servants. Note the placement of the plement): S1-S22 February. tenuous. For instance, all members of the smaller pieces to the front of the case, aid- household used redware bowls in a variety ing viewing. Larger objects were placed to Howlett-Hayes, Katherine et al. of ways. Furthermore, the Winslows ate off the rear, where they would not block sight 2004 Initial Survey and Identification of Ar- of creamware, but servants prepared the lines to other objects or to the texts. chaeological Resources at the Historic Winslow food served on that creamware. Acknowl- Effective display of artifacts and associ- House in Marshfield, Massachusetts. Center edging this dual identity in the accompany- ated text is key in maximizing the ability of for Cultural and Environmental History, ing text was vital. Some archaeologists take the modern museum to speak for historical University of Massachusetts, Boston. the position that separating artifacts along archaeology and anthropology in general. racial and social lines in such contexts is a In order to achieve this goal, exhibit design- LaRoche, Cheryl J. nearly impossible task (Beaudry 2005; Chan ers must keep in mind the strengths and 2005 Heritage, Archaeology, and African 2005; Goldstein 2005). Most of the artifacts weaknesses of this rarified medium. While American History. SAA Archaeological Re- in the Winslow collection were small and the presentation of in-depth, technical in- cord 5(2):34-37. fragmented. The Winslow artifacts were formation may not be appropriate, there is collected from test pits in a field which the potential for broad public appeal. The Piersen, William D. were subject to freezes and thaws as well as most important piece of advice I can give in 1988 Black Yankees. University of Massachu- other natural and human forces. In order creating an effective exhibit is to focus on setts, Amherst. to make up for some artifacts’ lack of visual the message conveyed. Be concise and ex- impact, similar whole pieces from Plimoth plicit in relating this message, and be sure Shackel, Paul A. Plantation’s study collection were used as that you keep it in mind at all times. 2005 Memory, Civic Engagement, and the examples. Public Meaning of Archaeological Heritage. Exhibit text should be concise. The at- References: SAA Archaeological Record 5(2):24-27. tention of the viewer is transient. There is always a risk that dense or lengthy text Beaudry, Mary C. Sorsby, B. D. and S. D. Horne will be ignored rather than read. Important 2005 Personal communication, August. 1980 The Readability of Museum Labels. points must be made quickly and clearly. Museums Journal 80(3):157-159. Unimportant points should not be made at Chan, Alexandra all. The key to preparing text is to start by 2005 Electronic correspondence, 5 August. Thomas, David H. overwriting, and then to edit with the crux 2000 Skull Wars: Kennewick Man, Archaeolo- of the matter in mind. Sentences should be Clarke, D. V. gy, and the Battle for Native American Identity. simple and declarative. Reflexive clauses 1997 Changing Paradigms in Museum Ar- Basic Books, New York. and interesting turns of phrase are unnec- chaeology. Antiquity 71(273):750-752. essary. In general, the text must be easy Velarde, G. enough for a wide audience to understand, Dahl, G. B., and Ronald Stade 1988 Designing Exhibitions. Design Council, without being too simplistic (Fitzhugh 2000 Anthropology, Museums, and Con- London. 2004; Sorsby and Horne 1980). Jargon temporary Cultural Processes: An Intro- and complicated terms should be avoided duction. Ethnos 65(2):157-171. Walder, Liz (Walder 1996). When making labels, use a 1996 A Travelling Exhibition about Ar- font without serifs. These small lines are Ferguson, Leland chaeology as an Activity. In Archaeological added to characters in order to aid leg- 1992 Uncommon Ground: Archaeology and Displays and the Public: Museology and In- ibility in close-up reading, but tend to blur Early African America, 1650-1800. Smithson- terpretation, edited by Paulette McManus, and to distract the eye when viewed from ian Institution Press, Washington. 72-82. Institute of Archaeology, University a distance (Velarde 1988:62). The proper College, London. font size will be determined by the space. Fitzhugh, William In order to be read from a typical distance 2004 Lecture given at the Public Meaning anything smaller than a 16-point font will of Archaeology Conference, University of likely be inadequate (Goldstein 2005). Maryland 27 October. Making sketches of the proposed exhibit is a useful practice, and one that should be- Goldstein, Karin gin at the earliest stage of the exhibit design 2005 Personal communications, between 20 process. Creating mock-ups of the exhibit June and 19 August. using a similarly sized space is another use- ful technique. Artifacts linked thematically ---. 1998 Parlors and Garrets: Winslow should be concentrated together, with an Families and their Servants. The Mayflower adequate division from other artifacts. If Quarterly (November):316-366. it is not clear which artifacts are related to which labels, they are of no use. In the Winslow exhibit arrangement is
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 38 THE AUSTRALASIAN INSTITUTE FOR MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGY (AIMA) & THE AUSTRALASIAN SOCIETY FOR HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY (ASHA) CONFERENCE Jack Dale, 2003. Title: ‘Japanese bombin Venue: Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory Roebuck Bay, Broome’ 14 – 18 September 2006 ‘Land, Sea and Air – Australasian archaeology from 1606 to the present’
Call for Papers and Posters This year’s theme for the joint AIMA/ASHA conference is ‘Land, Sea and Air – Australasian archaeology from 1606 to the present’. The archaeology of the recent or contemporary past coincides this year with a celebration of 400 years of Dutch contact and papers are being sought for work relating to this period. In addition, the recent past encapsulates several milestones in human history: the advent of flight, two World Wars and ultimately human explorations into outer space. These and other milestones have left behind a material record that has become the focus of maritime, terrestrial and extra-terrestrial archaeological research.
The concept of land, sea and air hopes to attract a range of papers and posters that explores the different environments that humans have used in the past. Although aircraft, for instance, can be found in virtually all environments across the planet, many, particularly from World War II, have survived the ravages of time and salvors by virtue of their loss in a marine or estuarine environment. Papers are sought from all around the world, although an emphasis will be on research conducted in Australasia.
This is an invitation to present a paper or poster on one of the proposed conference sessions, which include: Mapping the Australasian Coasts The archaeology of temporary visitors since 1606 – Dutch, Spanish, Macassan, Chinese and others At the cutting edge of a new sub-discipline: Aviation/aerospace archaeology The individual in historical archaeology Method and theory in historical archaeology – Australasian perspectives International and domestic site protection strategies and issues Archaeology of isolation past and present – perceptions of outposts, refuges and places of confinement
Four field trips will be offered to sites within and around Darwin. These include: The wreck site of the RAAF’s first Catalina flying boat Historic sites around the Darwin CBD The Booya – a Cyclone Tracy (Christmas Day 1974) shipwreck found only recently An intact WWII airstrip at Coomalie, south of Darwin
If you wish to present a paper or poster (not previously published) on one of the above themes, please email abstracts to reach the organisers by 29 July 2006. A poster viewing session will be held between 6 and 7 pm on the evening of 16 September 2006. People presenting a poster must register. For further details, please contact the conference convenors: Silvano Jung (AIMA) ([email protected]) Mailing address: Julie Mastin (ASHA) ([email protected]) Silvano Jung Clayton Fredericksen (ASHA) ([email protected]) C/- School of Creative Arts and Humanities Faculty of Law, Business and Arts Charles Darwin University AV REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESENTERS: Please tick appropriate box: Darwin NT 0909 overhead projector slide projector PowerPoint* Ph: +61 8 89466854
*Please bring your presentation on a CD or USB Flash Disc, a conference computer will be available Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 39 AIMA/ASHA Conference Registration Form: Land, Sea and Air: Australasian Archaeology 1606 to the present Darwin 14 -18 September 2006 Venue: Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory
For Early-Bird discount, registration and fees must arrive before 29 July 2006
Conference participants should wear their Conference Name Badges at all times as evidence of registration
NAME: ______(as you wish it to appear on your name badge)
AFFILIATION: ______(as you wish it to appear on your name badge)
MAILING ADDRESS: ______
TELEPHONE: ______EMAIL: ______
Conference Items Before 29 July 06 After 29 July 06 Notes AU$ AU$ The Conference Registration AIMA/ASHA member 220 260 Fee includes: AIMA/ASHA Student Member Fee∇ 180 220 i) Opening Non-Member 260 300 reception/registration Non-Member Student/Unwaged∇ 220 260 morning 14/09/06 Single Day Fee (1 or 2 days only) 75 90 ii) Morning/Afternoon teas Field Trip 1 – East Arm boat trip 14/09/06* 120 120 and Lunches in the Museum Field Trip 2 – Darwin Historic tour 14/09/06 20 20 grounds. Please notify if you have special dietary needs. Field Trip 3 – Booya shipwreck dive 18/09/06*† 120 120 Field Trip 4 – WWII Coomalie Airstrip 18/09/06 55 55 iii) Conference show bag Conference Dinner/Banquet TBA TBA * Spaces limited, book early Government House reception with the N.T. free free † must meet requirements – Administrator, His Honour Mr. Ted Egan A.O. see conference program for (please tick the column if you wish to attend) details Your Total Note: shaded items are optional. ∇Students and concession card holds must have valid identification.
Payment must be in Australian dollars, cheques/money orders can be made out to AIMA
I enclose: Cheque Draft/Money Order Credit Card (details below)
Visa MasterCard Bankcard
Card Number:
Expires: ______(m)/______(y) Please ensure that your card is NOT in its last valid month
Name: ______Signature:______Please Print Clearly
Return to: Aidan Ash, AIMA/ASHA Conference 2006 Registration, Dept. of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum, Cliff Street, Fremantle WA 6160. Email: [email protected]
Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 0 SHA 2007 Williamsburg!! www.sha.org/conference.htm
THE SOCIETY FOR HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWSLETTER Please note the deadlines for submissinos of news for UPCOMING ISSUES of the SHA Newsletter
Fall 2006 . . . . .15 August 2006 Winter 2006 . . . . . 15 November 2006
SHA Business Office 15245 Shady Grove Road, Ste. 130 Rockville, MD 20850 Phone: 301-990-2454 Fax: 301-990-9771 Email:
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Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 41