Volume 39: Number 2 -- Summer 2006 William B. Lees, Editor

INDEX IS HYPERLINKED TO ARTICLES:

President’s Corner Important Reprint Available New SHA Web Site Goes Live 2006 SHA Candidates Information: From the Editor SHA Board of Directors: Institute for Heritage Administration Reginald Auger Fourth Fields of Conflict Conference James Bruseth National Geographic Youth Grants Robert A. Clouse Search Begins for New Editors Donald J. Weir Images of the Past SHA Nominations Committee: CHAT 2006 Program Announced Gregory D. Cook Marine Cultural Heritage II Benjamin Resnick 2007 SHA Conference Hotel Info Stacy Schneyder Mission San Luis Receives Award Thad M. Van Bueren ACUA Correction ACUA: New National Register Listings Marc-André Bernier 2005 SHA Business Meeting Minutes Jason Burns New SEARCH Maritime Division Susan B.M. Langley Call for Papers Ian Oxley Research Nathan Richards Mexico, Central & S. America Matthew A. Russell Underwater Exhibiting Archaeology U.S.A.-Central Plains AIMA/ASHA Call for Papers U.S.A.-Midwest AIMA/ASHA Registration Form U.S.A.-Northern Plains/Mountains U.S.A.-Southeast Current Publications SOME EMAIL ADDRESS WITHIN THE SHA Board 2006 Photo NEWSLETTER ARE HYPERLINKED: Owens-Illinois Glass Company THEY ARE HIGHLIGHED IN BLUE

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page  SUMMER 2006

William B. Lees, PhD, RPA, Newsletter Editor, Florida Public Archaeology Network, University of West Florida, U.S.A.

Index President’s Corner Douglas D. Scott President’s Corner ...... 2 As the summer season gets into full cluding SHA. New SHA Web Site Goes Live ...... 3 swing, most of us are now engaged in Summit focus areas will be developed From the Editor ...... 4 projects and research, but do not forget it by 11 panels made up of 10–12 experts who Institute for Heritage Administration . . . . 4 is also time to submit those paper abstracts will develop program and policy recom- Fourth Fields of Conflict Conference . . . . 4 and symposia ideas for the 2007 Williams- mendations in the following areas: National Geographic Youth Grants . . . . . 4 burg/Jamestown conference. It is, after all, • Building a Preservation Ethic and Search Begins for New Editors ...... 5 our 40th anniversary and the conference Public Appreciation for History Images of the Past ...... 6 organizers have some wonderful things • Coordinating the Stewardship and Use CHAT 2006 Program Announced ...... 6 planned for us. of Our Cultural Patrimony Marine Cultural Heritage II ...... 7 By coincidence this year is the 100th an- • Determining What Is Important 2007 SHA Conference Hotel Info ...... 7 niversary of the Antiquities Act of 1906. Be • Protecting Places That Matter Mission San Luis Receives Award ...... 8 sure to check out the various commemora- • Improving the Preservation Program ACUA Correction ...... 9 tive events that are scheduled by various Infrastructure New National Register Listings ...... 9 agencies and offices. Most can be found by • Dealing with the Unexpected 2005 SHA Business Meeting Minutes . . . 10 searching on the Internet. Another major • Addressing Security New SEARCH Maritime Division ...... 12 anniversary takes place this year as well. • Using Historic Properties as Economic Call for Papers ...... 12 To celebrate the 40th anniversary of the Na- Assets Current Research ...... 13 tional Historic Preservation Act, First Lady • Involving All Cultures Mexico, Central & S. America ...... 14 Laura Bush has announced the convening • Fostering Innovation Underwater ...... 14 of a two-day national Preservation Ameri- • Participating in the Global Preservation U.S.A.-Central Plains ...... 17 ca Summit. The summit’s goal is to make Community U.S.A.-Midwest ...... 18 recommendations designed to advance SHA was invited to submit names of U.S.A.-Northern Plains/Mountains . . 19 historic preservation programs and poli- members who might serve on several of the U.S.A.-Southeast ...... 21 cies. Summit attendance is limited to 250 panels that will make recommendations to Current Publications ...... 22 invited participants. The Advisory Council the ACHP and Mrs. Bush. Over the next SHA Board 2006 Photo ...... 22 on Historic Preservation will host the sum- couple of months the panel members will be Owens-Illinois Glass Company ...... 23 mit with assistance in planning from many identified and initial meetings will be held Important Reprint Available ...... 28 federal agencies and private partners, in- Continued on Page 2 2006 SHA Candidates Information . . . . . 29 Exhibiting Archaeology...... 37 AIMA/ASHA Call for Papers ...... 39 Important in this issue: AIMA/ASHA Registration Form ...... 40 Page 28: Qualifications and Positions of Candidates Standing in the SHA and ACUA Fall Elections

Page 4: Announcement of SHA Board Search for: SHA Newsletter Editor SHA Editor (Historical Archaeology)

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page  President’s Corner, Cont’d from Page 1 New SHA Web Site Goes Live in preparation for the Summit in October. I We are very pleased to announce the new face of the SHA Web site at . SHA and one that comes at a critical junc- The SHA members-only section has been updated. To log in, enter your user name ture with issues relating to historic preser- and password. Once you log in, you will see a variety of menu items, including the op- vation and heritage funding and reauthori- portunity to search the SHA membership, pay renewal dues, leave messages for other zation of historic preservation legislation in SHA members, and read the latest announcements. Online purchase of publications is Congress. I am proud that SHA is a player coming soon. at this important table. New sections include an ever-expanding Projects & Research pages (enter your Web There are a number of other issues fac- site into the juried links soon!), and Education pages. Under Publications, you will find ing SHA in the coming months. We contin- the new Technical Briefs series, as well as an incredibly useful Conservation FAQ. Online ue working on several seemingly mundane book reviews are also available. revisions of the conference manual and Online publication of Historical Archaeology issues Vol. 1 to Vol. 34 (1967-2000) is un- clarifying the roles and responsibilities of derway, and will include a search function. Reduced prices for back issues of HA volumes officers and committees. On the legislative will also be available soon, so be sure to keep visiting the Web site to keep up with new front Nellie Longsworth is continuing her developments. haunting of the hallowed halls of Congress Enjoy! and watching for developments related to Kelly J. Dixon, Web site Editor historic preservation and site protection. A University of Montana number of issues are in committees at this point, with their focus being on higher- priority matters. SHA has commented on several issues relating to new regulations Published Quarterly for the treatment of human remains pro- Subscription Rate: Individual: Regular ($125). Student ($70, Adjunct ($40, posed by the Advisory Council on Historic Friend ($175), Developer ($250), Benefactor ($400), Life ($3,600). Preservation. We also participated in a Organizational: Institution ($200). All U.S. funds. conference call regarding the National Park Service’s proposal to re-evaluate and po- Newsletter Editor: William B. Lees, Ph.D., RPA tentially expand its role in public education Copy Editor: Daniel McNaughton. and interpretation. Another issue is that our Web site is not quite as functional as I optimistically Special News Editors: U.S.A.-Pacific Northwest: reported in the winter issue. It became ap- Employment Opportunities: Cassandra Douglas C. Wilson parent to Kelly Dixon and her team that the Michaud U.S.A.-Pacific West: Thad Van Bueren site’s basic structure was somewhat flawed. Current Publications: Charles Ewen U.S.A.-Southeast: Gifford Waters That required them to strip the site down Public Education and Interpretation U.S.A.-Southwest: Michael R. Polk to its bare bones for a total rebuild. This Committee: Brian Crane amounted to a more substantial effort than Images of the Past: Robert Schuyler Editorial Address: The Society for anyone had imagined, and has delayed Historical Archaeology Newsletter, c/o full implementation of the SHA Web site. Current Research Editors: William B. Lees, University of West I again must say that I believe the delay is Africa: Kenneth Kelly Florida, Florida Public Archaeology worth the effort not only for our public face Asia: Edward W. Tennant Network, PO Box 12486, Pensacola, FL on the Web, but for the protection and se- Australasia: Alasdair Brooks 32591-2486. Email to: curity of our membership database and any Canada-Atlantic: Robert Ferguson commercial transactions that you may en- Canada-Ontario: Jon Jouppien gage in at our site. Canada-Prairie: Jennifer Hamilton Canada-Québec: Allison Bain On another front SHA editor Rebecca Business Address: 15245 Shady Grove Allen is in the process of putting our back Canada-Western: Rod J. Heitzmann Road, Ste. 130, Rockville, MD 20850. issues online at our Web site with 1967–2000 Caribbean/Bermuda: Norman F. Barka Phone 301-990-2454; Fax 301-990-9771; available for all and 2001–present available Europe: Paul Courtney Email (New subscrip- to members when they log in using their Mexico, Central & South America: tions, change of address, subscription IDs and passwords. Rebecca is also reduc- Pedro Paulo Funari fulfillment matters) ing our back stock and inventory, as SHA’s Middle East: Uzi Baram storage and shipping costs continue to rise, Underwater (Worldwide): Toni Carrell 2006 by offering a Gigantic Tent Sale and one- U.S.A.-Alaska: Doreen Cooper The Society for Historical Archaeology time-only opportunity to purchase back is- U.S.A.-Central Plains: Jay Sturdevant 3rd Class Postage Paid sues at greatly reduced costs. Proceeds will U.S.A.-Gulf States: Kathleen H. Cande go to the SHA publication fund. U.S.A.-Mid-Atlantic: Ben Resnick The paper used in this publication SHA members may purchase individu- U.S.A.-Midwest: Lynne L.M. Evans meets the minimum requirements of al back issues of all available SHA publica- U.S.A.-Northeast: David Starbuck the American National Stardards for tions for $12.50 a copy (plus shipping) for U.S.A.-Northern Plains & Mountain Information Sciences--Permanence of up to 4 issues; $10 per copy for 6–10 issues; States: Steven G. Baker Paper for Printed Library Materials, and $7.50 per copy for any quantity greater ANSIZ39.48-1984. than 10. Buy now! Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page  From the Editor Fourth Fields It easily occurs to me that there is substantially more research going on by SHA mem- of Conflict bers than ever appears in the current research pages of the Newsletter. I know that I have been guilty of not taking the few moments required to write a synopsis and send it in, but Conference I would like to encourage you all to add the current research coordinator for your region to your email list, and send in a brief or detailed statement on your research on occasion. The Fourth International Fields of Con- A few lines about your project with contact information will do, and of course a more flict (Battlefield Archaeology) Conference detailed summary with illustrations is most welcome. Current research coordinators are is to be held at the Armories Museum, listed in the “People You Should Know” section of the Newsletter published in every spring Leeds, England from 29-31 September 2006 issue and can also be found on our Web site, . I am writing this from the (with optional additional two-day battle- field, and I promise that a summary of the project I am working on will appear in the next field tour). Booking details are available issue! at . close. I thoroughly enjoy putting together this important SHA publication, and especially enjoy working with all the wonderful people who make it possible. Nonetheless, I will be stepping down as Editor at the end of my current term. I look forward to introducing National Geo- the next Newsletter Editor at the business meeting in January 2008, in Albuquerque, NM. The next editor will continue to face issues related to the changing face of publishing, and graphic Young may very well see the transformation of the Newsletter to an entirely electronic and/or Web-based product. If and when this happens the Newsletter format will need to be “re- Scientist Grants invented.” And, perhaps, it may be that the SHA will always retain a print Newsletter of some sort. A Young Explorers Grants Program, for Redefinition of the Newsletter to accommodate primary electronic delivery is some- individuals ages 18 to 25, has been launched thing that I both predict and feel is important for the society, but is of course important by the National Geographic Society. policy that should emanate from the Board of Directors based on recommendations from Twenty-five to 50 grants ranging from the Newsletter Editor and Newsletter Advisory Committee. In my opinion, then, the ground $2,000 to $5,000 will be provided each year that the next Editor will cover will be very exciting. The next Editor thus needs to be some- to a select number of young adults who one up for the challenge and someone who is technologically savvy but more importantly apply. Applications will be reviewed by a who is visually creative. subcommittee of National Geographic’s ex- While January 2008 may seem a long time away, it is not too early to begin a search for isting grant-making bodies–the Committee the next Newsletter Editor. Ideally the next Editor will be identified sometime during 2007 for Research and Exploration, the Expedi- so the transition of editors will be efficient and smooth. So my appeal begins: If you have tions Council, and the Conservation Trust. an interest in serving the SHA as Newsletter Editor, which is an appointed member of the “Few resources are currently available Board of Directors, I encourage you to contact me. Of course selection of the next Editor for young people who are hungry to pursue will be made by the Board of Directors. But for now, if you would like to discuss this im- field science and exploration,” said Rebecca portant position, please contact me at , call me at 850-595-0051, or look Martin, director of the Society’s Expedi- me up this January in Williamsburg! tions Council. “We’re excited about offer- In the meantime, I will continue to enjoy editing your Newsletter, and serving the SHA ing first-time opportunities to individuals on the Board of Directors! who may be the world’s next generation of field researchers, explorers, and conserva- William B. Lees tionists.” Information on grant applications is Institute for available at . Heritage Administration Founded in 1888, the National Geo- graphic Society is one of the world’s largest Dr. Anne Giesecke founded the not-for-profit Institute for Heritage Administration in nonprofit scientific and educational orga- 1998 and has consulted on shipwreck and other cultural resource management challenges. nizations, with a mission to increase and Now she has expanded her activities in cultural resources to include a special emphasis diffuse geographic knowledge while pro- on sustainability. moting conservation of the Earth’s cultur- The Institute for Heritage Administration aids those who seek to integrate the historic al and natural resources. It reaches more built environment, archaeological resources, living crafts, and folk art with strong sustain- than 350 million people worldwide each able economic development and sound government structure. The goal is to weave the month through its official journal, National heritage of a culture into the fabric of a sustainable economy. Geographic, and its four other magazines; The Institute focuses on the creation of the infrastructure necessary for growth and de- the National Geographic Channel; televi- velopment of legal and management systems which allow people to preserve and protect sion documentaries; radio programs; films; the heritage they value. books; videos and DVDs; maps; and in- To control expenses, Dr. Giesecke houses the Institute on the same Web site as her teractive media. National Geographic has general environmental consulting organization A & D Policy Analysis, Inc. She may be funded more than 8,000 scientific research contacted at: Institute for Heritage Administration, Dr. Anne Giesecke, President, 5515 projects and supports an education pro- Sherman Street, Lincoln, NE 68506; Phone: 402-488-6136 (Cell: 703-795-8336); Email: , ; Web site: (see Heritage). algeographic.com>. Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page  SEARCH BEGINS FOR NEW EDITORS

SHA Newsletter

SHA Editor (Historical Archaeology)

The normal terms of the SHA Newsletter Editor, William Lees, and SHA Editor, Rebecca Allen, expire at the close of 2007 and both have informed the Board of Directors that they will not seek reappointment. The board has begun the process of searching for the next incumbents of these im- portant SHA positions, and has appointed chairs for two separate search committees. Individuals interested in either of these positions, please contact:

Dr. Vergil E. Noble, Chair SHA Newsletter Editor Search Committee Midwest Archeological Center National Park Service Phone: 402-437-5392

Dr. Gregory A. Waselkov Chair, SHA Editor Search Committee Department of Sociology/Anthropology University of South Alabama Phone: 251-460-6911

Both positions have a three-year term. The new term of office for each will begin at the annual business meeting at the SHA conference in Jan- uary 2008.

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page  Images of the Past

Do You Remember Clyde Dollar?

Clyde Dollar (1932—1983) was very visible in the late 1960s when he debated several established historical archaeologists concerning the defini- tion, nature, and purpose of the field. (See Stanley South, ed., The Conference on Historic Site Archaeol- ogy Papers, Vol. 2, Pt. 2 September 1968). His field- work included the direction of excavations at Fort Smith, AR (1958-1969, 1963-1964), the Brigham Young Home Site in Nauvoo, IL (1965), the George A. Custer House at Fort Abraham Lincoln, ND (1966), and the Chief Spotted Tail House Site in Rosebud, SD (1968).

Photo of Clyde Dollar in 1971 courtesy of the Uni- versity of Central Arkansas Archives.

CHAT 2006 PROGRAM ANNOUNCED

The full program for CHAT 2006, to • Method in Community Archaeology sants will be announced shortly. be held at the University of Bristol Friday and Contemporary Archaeology The delegate fee is £30 (covering tea, 10—Sunday 12 November 2006, is now on- • Hybrid Archaeologies: Archaeological coffee, lunch [Saturday only], and the wine line at . • Method and Documents commodation in Bristol (some suggestions The theme for CHAT 2006 is “Method • Method and Modernity are provided on the conference Web site). and Practice in Contemporary and Histori- Further information: (academic program) or (delegate registration). land) and Prof. Laurie Wilkie (University of CHAT 2006 is supported by a grant • Method and Materiality California, Berkeley). Concluding remarks from the Bristol Institute for Research in the • Method and Politics will be provided by Prof. Peter S. Wells Humanities and Arts. • Archaeology, Oral History, and Mem- (Department of Anthropology, University ory of Minnesota). Session chairs and discus-

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page  Managing the 2007 SHA Conference Marine Cultural Hotel Information Heritage II: Significance The Williamsburg Lodge will serve as the official headquarters hotel for the SHA 2007 Conference on Historical and . In addition to the Lodge, several In September of 2004 the Maritime Af- other housing options are available, including The Williamsburg Inn and the Colonial fairs Group of the Institute of Field Ar- Houses, both of which are within walking distance of the Lodge, and The Woodlands chaeologists organized and held a very Hotel & Suites, which offers complimentary transportation to Colonial Williamsburg and successful international conference entitled the Williamsburg Lodge. “Managing the Marine Cultural Heritage.” The principle behind the conference was Reservations: Transportation the recognition that recent decades have witnessed an expansion of archaeological Phone: 757-220-7978 Newport News Airport activity under water and in the coastal zone, Toll Free: 800-261-9530 No airport shuttle available which has raised awareness of the potential Please indicate that you are with the and importance of research in these con- SHA when making your reservations. Norfolk International Airport texts. But it has also led to the realization Reservations Code: SOCA07A Airport Express that the threats to this material are wide- $69 per person spread and ongoing (Satchell 2004). The Hotel Cutoff Date: $133 round trip conference invited speakers from around Friday, 1 December 2006 Picks up from the airport every hour the world, and was attended by an equally on the hour. international audience. Hotel Accommodations No reservations are required when Following the success of the 2004 IFA picked up from the airport. MAG conference, we are pleased to an- The Williamsburg Lodge Phone: 757-857-3991 nounce: “Managing the Marine Cultural 305 South England Street Heritage II: Significance.” This two- day Williamsburg, VA 23185 Richmond International Airport conference will present and debate issues Rates: Groome Transportation surrounding the determining, presenting, $120 per night Deluxe $40 per person and managing of significance in the field $99 per night Superior $50 per couple of marine archaeology. A range of inter- Picks up every hour on the hour. national speakers will present their expe- Woodlands Hotel & Suites No reservations needed. riences from different countries and back- 105 Visitor Center Drive Phone: 804-748-0778 grounds. Williamsburg, VA 23185 Speakers include: Rates: Hotel Parking $75 per night Deluxe/Suites Marnix Pieters (VIOE-Brussel—affili- $50 per night Superior Complimentary ated with Flanders Marine Institute) L. N. Santhakumaran (Kerala State, In- Colonial Houses Please visit for more information. Nic Fleming (UK), Williamsburg, VA 23185 Stephen Kay (ArcheoMar Project—Ita- Rates: ly), $120 per night Deluxe 700 Abstracts have been Jonathan Moore (Parks Canada—Can- $99 per night Superior ada), Ray Sutcliffe (UK), Williamsburg Inn received for this con Brunenko Ivana (Dubrovnik Univer- 136 East Francis Street ference-it will be well sity—Croatia), Williamsburg, VA 23185 Ole Varmer (Titanic Team—US), Rate: Mark Staniforth (Flinders University— $245 per night worth attending!! Australia), Marek Jasinski (Norwegian University Airports of Science and Technology—Norway). Newport News Airport The second annual conference will be - 19 miles/25 minutes from Williams- held in the auditorium of the Action Sta- burg (approximately a $30 cab ride) tion—HM Naval Base in Portsmouth on 27- 28 September 2006. Norfolk International Airport For more information please visit the 45 miles/50 minutes from Williamsburg conference Web site: or email . 46 miles/51 minutes from Williamsburg Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page  Mission San Luis Selected for Preserve America Presidential Award

Mission San Luis, a National Historic and 17th centuries. Thanks to decades of heritage tourism and public education to Landmark and the site of a 17th-century exhaustive archaeological effort and pains- promote awareness of Florida’s Spanish co- Spanish mission in Tallahassee, FL, was taking research involving original mission lonial missions. one of four preservation projects selected documents, the State of Florida and mul- The State of Florida acquired the prop- for a Preserve America Presidential Award. tiple essential partners have recreated the erty in 1983. Little was known about Mis- This was the first Preserve America Presi- former western capital of Spanish Florida at sion San Luis at that time, but two decades dential Award for a project based primarily a time when it numbered more than 1,500 of elegant and exhaustive archaeological on archaeology. inhabitants. Mission San Luis burned to and historical research revealed a great Mrs. Columba Bush, First Lady of Flor- the ground in 1704 but has risen from the deal about the physical and cultural life of ida, and Dr. Bonnie McEwan, Executive ashes as a 60-acre window into the forgot- the mission. For example, the enormous Director, Mission San Luis, received the ten past. Apalachee council house was directly across award in a ceremony at the White House Mission San Luis is a carefully coor- the square from the Franciscan church. In on 1 May 2006. dinated project that combines long-term addition, the historical record notes that the Supporting material for the award cultural resource management, historic Spanish and Indian peoples intermarried noted that few Americans are aware of preservation, humanities research, and in- quite often. The result was a remarkable the more than 100 Spanish missions estab- terpretation. It also capitalizes on the rich lished across North Florida during the 16th potential of archaeological resources for Continued on Page 8

President George W. Bush and Mrs. Bush present the Preserve America award for heritage tourism to Dr. Bonnie McEwan, Executive Director, Mission San Luis of Tallahassee, FL, left, and Mrs. Columba Bush, the First Lady of Florida, in the Oval Office on Monday, 1 May 2006. White House photo by Eric Draper. Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page  Mission San Luis, Cont’d from Page 7 toric local resources. The recipients are chosen through a ACUA Correction national competition administered by the blend of cultures. Advisory Council on Historic Preservation In the Spring 2006 issue of the SHA Newslet- Modern-day visitors to Mission San in cooperation with the Executive Office of ter, the following errors are present in the Luis discover a re-created community the President, and in partnership with the “People You Should Know” item on page where time stands still. They meet the peo- U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Com- 6 under “Advisory Council on Underwater ple of San Luis going about the tasks that merce, Defense, Education, Housing and Archaeology”: sustained life centuries ago. They walk Urban Development, Interior, and Trans- the plaza where the Apalachees played portation; the National Endowment for the should have been in- their traditional ball games. They visit the Humanities; the President’s Committee on cluded in the list of ACUA Emeri- most important structure in the Apalachee the Arts and Humanities; and the Council tus Members. village, the council house, and also stop at on Environmental Quality. the home of the Spanish Deputy Governor. For more information about Preserve Visitors are welcomed at the church built America, visit ; for more information on the Advi- Ireton were incorrectly included in and at the friary where they lived. Mission sory Council on Historic Preservation, visit the list of ACUA Emeritus Mem- San Luis is a very special place where his- . tory comes to life. bers. During the course of guided tours, stu- dents visit each of the major reconstructed historic buildings at the mission and the New National Register Listings workplaces of the site’s tanner, blacksmith, and potter. Students interact with costumed interpreters who explain the differing cul- The following archaeological properties were listed in the National Register of Historic tures. They receive an overview of the de- Places during the first and second quarters of 2006. For a full list of National Register list- velopment of the mission, the lifestyles of ings every week, check “What’s New” at . its Spanish and Apalachee residents, the economic relationships that linked this Arizona, Navajo County. Bailey Ruin. Listed 17 March 2006. community to the outside world, and its ul- Colorado, Douglas County. Franktown Cave. Listed 1 February 2006. timate demise at the hands of invaders. Colorado, Moffat County. Castle Park Archeological District. Listed 3 January 2006. Other partners in the Mission San Florida, Bay County. Vamar Shipwreck Site. Listed 10 April 2006. Luis project include the National Endow- Kentucky, Livingston County. Mantle Rock Archeological District. Additional Documen- ment for the Humanities, the University of tation Approved 22 March 2006. Florida, the National High Magnetic Field Maine, Washington County. Devils Head Site. Listed 10 May 2006. Laboratory, the City of Tallahassee, Leon Massachusetts, Essex County. Frank A. Palmer and Louis B. Crary (Shipwreck). Listed 8 County, the Florida Department of Educa- March 2006. tion, the Trust for Public Land, Visit Flor- North Dakota, Walsh County. Ridge Trail Historic District. Listed 17 March 2006. ida, the Tallahassee Area Convention and Ohio, Clinton County. Beam Farm Woodland Archeological District. Listed 22 March Visitors Bureau, the U.S. Department of 2006. Transportation, the National Center on Ac- South Carolina, Kershaw County. Belmont Neck Site – 38KE06. Listed 3 February 2006. cessibility, the Friends of Mission San Luis, Vermont, Rutland County. Fort Vengeance Monument Site. Listed 15 March 2006. the Apalachee Indians, the Hispanic com- Virginia, Fairfax County. Manassas Battlefield Historic District (Boundary Increase). List- munity, and the Catholic church. ed 18 January 2006. The Presidential Awards are one com- Virginia, Frederick County. Fort Collier. Listed 28 April 2006. ponent of Preserve America, a White Virginia, Gloucester County. Werowocomoco Archeological Site. Listed 15 March 2006. House initiative that highlights the efforts Virginia, Loudoun County. Francis—Gulick Mill. Listed 1 February 2006. of President and Mrs. Bush to preserve our Virginia, Stafford County. Redoubt #2. Listed 14 February 2006. national heritage. Each year, two awards Wisconsin, Oconto County. Arndt’s Pensaukee Sawmill Complex. Listed 22 March 2006. are given for activities advancing heritage tourism and two awards are given for pri- In addition, the following archaeological properties were designated as National Historic vately funded historic preservation projects Landmarks or had other actions approved by the Secretary of the Interior: or programs. The Preserve America Presidential Montana, Missoula County. Traveler’s Rest. Additional Documentation and Boundary Awards are given annually to organiza- Revision Approved 21 March 2006. tions, businesses, government entities, and Wisconsin, Jackson County. Silver Mound Archeological District. Designated 17 February individuals for exemplary accomplishments 2006. in the sustainable use and preservation of cultural or natural heritage assets; dem- onstrated commitment to the protection and interpretation of America’s cultural or natural heritage assets; and integration of SHA 2007 Williamsburg!! these assets into contemporary community life, combining innovative, creative, and responsible approaches to showcasing his- www.sha.org/conference.htm

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page  Minutes of the Annual Business Meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology, York Moat House Hotel, York, England, 7 January 2005

The meeting was called to order by venues and opportunities, and provides a unteer Newsletter editors. He reminded the President William Moss at 4:35 p.m. in the large variety of services through our many membership to continue to send in news York Moat House Hotel in York, England. committees. As a result, the board found and stated that he welcomes any com- He welcomed all members who have at- that the society was spending significantly ments. tended the conference and supported the more on the benefits per member than we society during the year. Moss also thanked were receiving from membership dues. Headquarters Report (K. Hutchison): the local Conference Committee for all of Mascia reported that at the mid-year Hutchison welcomed the membership to their outstanding work. meeting the board carefully reviewed the the meeting and reported the following sta- President Moss asked for the approval budget and concluded that the member- tistics regarding the current conference: of the minutes for the 2004 Business Meet- ship and conference fees must be raised for 984 conference attendees; ing as published in the Newsletter. Hearing the financial health of the organization. 567 abstracts; no objections, the minutes stand approved. Mascia thanked outgoing Budget Com- 135 attendees from other countries mittee member and Journal Editor Ronn represented; and REPORTS Michael for his assistance, and stated that 205 attendees from the United King- she knows that she will continue to seek his dom. President’s Report (W. Moss): Moss wel- advice. Hutchison invited the membership to comed the membership and congratulated She also reported that the Budget Com- call headquarters if they have any ques- Harold Mytum and his committee for their mittee is working on the 2006 SHA Opera- tions or need assistance. hard work on the 2005 Annual Conference. tions Budget, which will be discussed by He reported that the transition to our the board at the mid-year meeting. She as- Standing Committees new headquarters with Management So- sured the membership that the board and lutions Plus has gone smoothly and he in- the SHA headquarters staff will continue ACUA Report: Bob Neyland reported that troduced the staff to the membership. He their efforts to reduce expenditures, while he will be retiring from the ACUA and ex- stated that the board has been working still providing the same quality publica- pressed his thanks to the membership for diligently on financial issues that have been tions and services. their support over the last several years. a concern for the last few years. He also He looked forward to the future success of thanked the membership for their support. Editor’s Report (R. Michael, R. Allen): ACUA and SHA, and stated that there is Allen reported that the last year was also strength in the unity between the two or- Secretary-Treasurer’s Report (S. Mascia): a year of transition for the Editorial Office. ganizations. Mascia reported that the society’s 2004 rev- She expressed her deepest appreciation Neyland thanked the outgoing mem- enues totaled approximately $375,829 with to Ronn Michael for his support and as- bers of the ACUA and reported the results expenditures of approximately $392,883. sistance. She stated that he has agreed to of the election: Mark Staniforth is the new She stated that through the combined ef- continue to assist her as a member of the chair and Filipe V. Castro and Della A. forts of the board and our new Executive Editorial Advisory Committee. Scott-Ireton were elected to serve as mem- Director, Karen Hutchison, the society had She reported that four journals were bers. a smaller deficit than anticipated during the produced during the year and the partner- He reported that the committee will 2004 fiscal year. She attributed this to the ship between the SHA and the University continue to monitor any potential problems significant efforts made by board members of Florida Press is progressing. She also with underwater sites. and committees to reduce costs. stated that the Unlocking the Past publica- Mascia reported that the SHA’s current tion was almost ready. Conference Report (P. Garrow): Garrow assets total approximately $543,227 with reported that future conferences would be $320,808 in liabilities, which are primarily Newsletter Editor’s Report (W. Lees): Lees held in the following cities: 2006 in Sacra- prepaid 2005 memberships and conference reported that four issues of the Newsletter mento, 2007 in Jamestown, and 2009 in To- registrations. The retained earnings are were published during the year. He also ronto. He stated that the committee is cur- $222,418. reported that three newsletters would be rently looking for a venue site for the 2008 Mascia stated that the last few years published in 2005. He stated that he now conference. have been extremely financially challeng- had a complete slate of current research co- Garrow introduced Dana McGowan ing for the society resulting from a steady ordinators. and the Sacramento Committee to the increase in the size of our membership, Lees reported that he produced an membership. McGowan reported that the inflation, and the general increase in the electronic version of the Newsletter and the meetings will be held at the Hyatt and she cost of doing the business of an organiza- response from the membership was split is looking forward to welcoming everyone tion that is over 2000 strong. She stated with both positive and negative responses. to the West Coast next year. that the Society for Historical Archaeology He stated that an electronic version of the Garrow invited Mytum to speak. My- produces an exemplary Journal and News- Newsletter might be launched in the future. tum thanked the membership for coming to letter, offers members excellent conference He expressed his thanks to all of the vol- York and helping to make the conference a Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 10 success. secke): Giesecke recognized Nellie Long- Student Paper Prize: Moss presented the sworth for all of the work she conducts on student paper prize to Karen Wehner of Nominations and Elections Committee (J. behalf of the society. She stated that there New York University for her paper “Men King): King reported that the committee were now 22 members on the committee. on the Make: Using GIS to Reframe Evi- put together a strong slate. She reported During the year, the committee comment- dence for Craft Production in Seventeenth that Douglas Scott was the president-elect ed on numerous legislative actions and Century Jamestown, Virginia.” and Joe Jameson and Terry Klein were the worked with other organizations to issue new directors. She further reported that statements. She plans to work on getting Other Old Business: None reported. Anna Agbe-Davies and Susan Langley more information out to the membership were elected to serve on the Nominations via the SHA Web site. She encouraged Moss expressed his thanks to the mem- Committee. King stated that there was a anyone interested in participating on the bership for giving him the opportunity to 34% return of votes from the membership. Governmental Affairs Committee to get in serve the society. Moss passed the gavel to She thanked all of the candidates for touch with her. incoming President Judith Bense. agreeing to serve the society. She further thanked the committee for their efforts to- History Committee (R. Schuyler): Schuy- Incoming Presidential Remarks (J. Bense): ward creating the slate. ler reported that Benjamin Pickles is a new Bense welcomed the membership and the member of the committee. He further re- new headquarters staff. She stated that she Presidential Committees ported that Dan Roberts is continuing to was looking forward to working with the work on the oral history project. board during the upcoming year. Academic and Professional Training Committee (T. Scarlett): Scarlett reported Intersociety Relations Committee (M. Zi- Resolutions Committee: that this committee continues to be very ac- erden): Zierden reported that the role of the tive. This year they produced the guide to committee is to network with other organi- Resolution of Thanks (B. Heath): Whereas departments and conducted several work- zations that interact with historical archae- we are gathered here in the historic city of shops at the conference. He stated that ology. She stated that there are 38 organi- York, UK, at the 38th Annual Conference Mark Warner would be taking over as chair zations that we are currently affiliated with on Historical and Underwater Archaeolo- of the committee in 2005. and asked members to contact her if they gy, to exchange information and ideas with are interested in helping. our colleagues, renew old friendships, and Awards Committee (M. Beaudry): Be- make new ones, and to enjoy the hospitality audry reported that the society is honor- Membership Committee (B. Heath): Heath and steep ourselves in the richness of his- ing several people and organizations this stated that the committee has been very ac- tory for which York is famous; evening at the banquet. She stated that the tive during the year. She reported that the Whereas the Society appreciates the 2005 Awards of Merit would be presented results of the joint SAA/SHA salary survey hard work and financial support of the to the Ironbridge Gorge Trust, British Heri- should be published in January. The com- people and institutions who have made this tage, Professor Marilyn Palmer, The Society mittee also made attempts to identify and a very successful meeting, namely our host for Post-Medieval Archeology, and Dr. Da- contact lapsed members. institution, The University of York, and vid Gaimster. Beaudry also stated that the She reported that the committee is cur- the City of York; and the Conference Com- Harrington Medal would be presented to rently preparing another survey for the mittee, Conference Chair, Local Arrange- Marcel Moussette. membership, which will be administered ments Chair and Volunteer Coordinator She reported that the Deetz Award online later in the year. Harold C. Mytum, Program Coordinator Committee received a large number of Kate Giles, Terrestrial Program Chair Jon submissions and they worked very hard to Public Education and Information Com- Finch, ACUA Program Chair Christopher review each one. Beaudry expressed her mittee (K. McBride): McBride reported that J. Underwood, Public Session Chair Alison gratitude to the Deetz Award Committee the main project of the committee, the Un- Bodley, Workshop Coordinator William D. members Doug Armstrong, Terry Majew- locking the Past volume, will be ready soon. Updike, Conference Coordinators Barbara ski, and Pamela Cressey. She thanked Brian Crane for his work pre- and Patrick Garrow, and Secretary-Trea- She further stated that the Jelks Student paring Newsletter articles. She also reported surer Sara Mascia; Travel Award was presented for the first that the committee continued to work with Whereas the Society is deeply apprecia- time this year. Waselkov reported that it the SAA, Project Archaeology, and the K-12 tive of the outstanding planning, coordina- was very exciting to present this award to program. tion, and support for this meeting provided two deserving students. by staff at SHA Headquarters including Beaudry reported that the Awards UNESCO Committee (M. Russell): Peggy SHA Executive Director Karen Hutchison; Committee is working on the nominations Leshikar-Denton reported for Russell. She Vice President, Meetings, Grace Jan; SHA for the awards planned for the 2006 Annual stated the committee was still monitoring Member Services Manager Aimee Brown; Conference. the international implementation and rati- Meetings/Exhibit Manager Linda Minor; fication of the Convention on the Protection Communications Manager Paul Fitzgerald; Gender and Minority Affairs (A. Agbe- of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. Member Services Manager Nicole La Chat; Davies): Agbe-Davies reported that she and Management Plus President would be retiring from the committee. She Dissertation Prize: Jim Ayres thanked the Beth Palys; stated that the committee was almost fin- committee for their work during the year. Whereas we are also deeply indebted to ished preparing an SHA non-discrimina- He reported that J. Cameron Monroe was those persons and organizations who have tion statement that would be sent to the the winner of the Dissertation Prize for generously given volunteer, financial, and board soon. 2005. He also stated that Susan Pittick, of other support to make this meeting a success, Australia, received an honorable mention. including Ron Anazalone, J. Barto Arnold, Governmental Affairs Committee (A. Gie- Margaret Kimball Brown, Ronald Carlisle,

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 11 Julia G. Costello, Kathleen Deagan, Anne and long-lasting contribution to the society members and Moss for all of their hard G. Giesecke, Kathleen K. Gilmore, Barbara and the discipline through his editorship work. J. Heath, Ivor Noel Hume, Julia A. King and of Historical Archaeology, among the most Raymond J. Cannetti, William B. Lees, Kim highly respected journals in the field, spe- Hearing no new further new business, A. McBride, Robert L. Schuyler, Douglas cial publications, and other publications of Bense adjourned the meeting at 5:47 p.m. D. Scott, Donna J. Seifert, Martha Zierden, the society, to whom we offer our sincerest and anonymous donors; and the following and most heartfelt thanks; institutions and societies: English Heritage; Whereas Past President Julia King, Di- the Department of Archaeology University rectors Daniel Roberts and Martha Zierden, Search Announces of York; Archaeological Research, Inc.; The and ACUA Chair Robert Neyland are leav- Louis Berger Group, Inc.; Center for Ar- ing their respective offices, having made Maritime Division chaeological Studies University of South meaningful and lasting contributions to the Alabama; Council for British Archaeology; society during their tenure; Southeastern Archaeological Research, The Council of Virginia Archaeologists, Now therefore be it resolved that the Inc. (SEARCH), has established a Maritime Inc.; GAI Consultants, Inc.; Richard Grubb Society for Historical Archaeology declares Division directed by Michael C. Krivor, & Associates, Inc.; Harewood House Trust; its deepest appreciation and gratitude to all RPA, to offer expert services in the field of Hartgen Archaeological Associates, Inc.; those who helped advance the SHA mis- maritime archaeology to private and pub- Historic Scotland; Historical Perspectives, sion during 2004 and who made this annual lic sector clients. These services include Inc.; John Milner Associates, Inc.; Mary- meeting such an enjoyable event. project management, permitting, archival/ land Archaeological Conservation Labora- historical research, remote sensing survey, tory; Northern Ireland Environment and Memorials Resolution (K. McBride): data analysis, relocation and identification Heritage Service; Register of Professional Whereas several important long-term of underwater targets, site delineation, Sec- Archaeologists; Society for Post-Medieval friends and colleagues of the society and tion 106 compliance, and assessment of Na- Archaeology; SouthArc, Inc.; URS Corpo- the archaeological community have recent- tional Register of Historic Places (NRHP) ration-Florence, NJ; York Archaeological ly passed on, including Bill Buckles, an im- eligibility. Trust; York Museums Trust; and the Young portant contributor to the historical archae- SEARCH is interested in receiving vitas Archaeologists Club; ology of Colorado; Frederica de Laguna, an and resumes from interested individuals to Whereas we appreciate the dedication important contributor to the archaeology of build up a database of future project per- and enthusiasm of Silent Auction Coordi- Alaska and the Arctic region, and one of the sonnel, please contact Michael Krivor or nators Kim McBride and Julia King for col- first women elected to the National Acad- Jason Burns at the contact below: lecting an unusual and diverse assortment emy of Science; Robert Gardiner, long-time Southeastern Archaeological of auction items, and thank Ben Meadows strong supporter of Long Island and New Research, Inc., Maritime Division Company; Forestry Suppliers Inc.; Tec York history and archaeology; John Hurst, Michael C. Krivor, M.A., R.PA. Laboratories; The University of Tennes- former chief inspector of Ancient Monu- Jason M. Burns, M.A., R.P.A. see Press; ESRI; Mary Beaudry; Ann Berry; ments and founding member and former 315 N.W. 138th Terrace Christy Brown; Marley Brown; Pat Garrow; president of the Society for Post-Medieval Jonesville, FL 32669 Nick Honerkamp; David Landon; Mary Archaeology; Ian Robertson, former direc- Phone (352) 333-0049 Praetzellis; and Martin Sullivan for their tor of the British National Army Museum Fax: (352) 333-0069 generous contributions; and former president and secretary of the Email: Whereas we look forward to learning Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology; about the accomplishments and honoring Ed Rutsch, a pioneer contributor to the Web site: the recipients of the SHA awards, and are industrial archaeology of the U.S. Eastern deeply grateful for the work of Committee Seaboard region; and Ron Thomas, a major Chair Mary Beaudry and the Awards Com- contributor to the archaeology and archi- mittee in selecting these fine honorees; tectural history of the Mid-Atlantic region Call for Papers: 2006 Whereas we have had the pleasure of of the United States; enjoying comfortable accommodations Whereas others may have passed on Midwest Historical and generous service provided by the York whom we have not yet acknowledged, we Archaeology Conference Moat House Hotel, and appreciate the ef- call on a society member to stand up and forts of York Moat House staff members bring their names to our attention. The 2006 Midwest Historical Archaeol- Cathy Heaton, Sales Manager, and Keith Now, therefore, be it resolved that the ogy Conference will be held at the Alumni McJannett, Audio Visual Department; society and all its members agree that an Center, Ball State University in Muncie, IN Whereas we have also had the oppor- important part of our coming together at on Saturday 4 November. The purpose of tunity to use the comprehensive facilities this conference is remembering our recent- the conference is to present research papers of the University of York’s King’s Manor, ly departed friends and colleagues, passing related to the historical archaeology of the and acknowledge the support of Richard along our condolences to their families, and Midwest. For more information please Goodacre, Facilities; Ruth Potter, Refectory having occasion during our time together visit: Contact; Steve Dobson and Ben Gourlay, here to raise a glass and celebrate their lives or contact Mark Groover at . Whereas the society owes a deep debt of gratitude to our hardworking president, New Business William Moss; Whereas after 27 years of service to the Bense introduced new board members SHA 2007 Williamsburg!! society, Ronn Michael leaves his post as Terry Klein and Joe Joseph to the mem- www.sha.org/conference.htm editor, having made a serious, important bership. She thanked the outgoing board

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 12 Current Research

Please send summaries of your recent research to the appropriate geographical coordinator listed below. Photographs and other illustrations are encouraged. Please submit summaries as Word or text-only files. Submit illustrations as separate files (.jpeg preferred, 300 dpi or greater resolution).

AFRICA Kenneth G. Kelly, University of South Carolina, ASIA Edward W. Tennant, University of Florida, AUSTRALIA Alasdair Brooks, LaTrobe University, CANADA-ATLANTIC (New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island) Robert Ferguson, Parks Canada, CANADA-ONTARIO Jon K. Jouppien, CANADA-PRAIRIE (Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan, Yukon and Nunavut) Jennifer Hamilton, Parks Canada, CANADA-QUÉBEC Allison Bain, Université Laval, CANADA-WEST (Alberta, British Columbia) Rod J. Heitzmann, Parks Canada, CARIBBEAN AND BERMUDA Norman F. Barka, College of William and Mary, EUROPE Paul Courtney, MEXICO, CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA Pedro Paulo Funari, MIDDLE EAST Uzi Baram, New College of Florida, UNDERWATER (Worldwide) Toni L. Carrell, Ships of Discovery, U.S.A.-ALASKA Doreen Cooper, R&D Consulting, U.S.A.-CENTRAL PLAINS (Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska) Jay Sturdevant, National Park Service, U.S.A.-GULF STATES (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Texas) Kathleen H. Cande, Arkansas Archaeological Survey, U.S.A.-MID-ATLANTIC (Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia) Ben Resnick, GAI Consultants, U.S.A.-MIDWEST (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin) Lynn L.M. Evans, Mackinac State Historic Parks, U.S.A.-NORTHEAST (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont) David Starbuck, U.S.A.-NORTHERN PLAINS AND MOUNTAIN STATES (Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming) Steven G. Baker, Centuries Research, U.S.A.-PACIFIC NORTHWEST (Idaho, Oregon, Washington) Douglas C. Wilson, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, U.S.A.-PACIFIC WEST (California, Hawaii, Nevada) Thad M. Van Bueren, CalTrans, U.S.A.-SOUTHEAST (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee) Gifford Waters, Florida Museum of Natural History, U.S.A.-SOUTHWEST (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah) Michael R. Polk, Sagebrush Consultants,

CURRENT RESEARCH BEGINS ON NEXT PAGE

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 13 MEXICO, CENTRAL AND clear in several archaeological finds. The on several key elements to the overall proj- SOUTH AMERICA fieldwork was also innovative, as the Har- ect: the USGS investigation of sediments ris matrix was employed on these planta- supporting Arizona, Finite Element Model Reported by Pedro Paulo A. Funari tion sites. (FEM) development, and determination of hydrocarbon load contributed by Arizona in UNDERWATER—WORLDWIDE Pearl Harbor. Brazil Reported by Toni Carrell The SRC also continued the multiagen- cy (NOAA/NPS/HURL) investigation of Archaeology of Garbage, Mogi das Cruzes, a Japanese Midget Sub sunk outside Pearl Brazil: André Wagner Oliani Andrade di- Harbor during the December 1941 Japa- rected and José Luiz de Morais supervised Arizona nese attack. Fieldwork, conducted during an archaeological study of rubbish at Mogi a two-day window in August, focused on das Cruzes, São Paulo State, Brazil. Funded National Park Service—Submerged Re- collecting exterior corrosion data and inte- by several institutions, such as the São Pau- sources Center (NPS-SRC): The two main rior visual data for a baseline condition as- lo Science Foundation and the Town Coun- projects the National Park Service’s Sub- sessment of the submarine. cil, the archaeological research involved merged Resources Center (NPS-SRC) con- not only professional archaeologists, but tinued in 2005 include the USS Arizona Massachusetts also local pupils, resulting in an exercise in Preservation Project (see Hawai’i) and a public archaeology. Out of 14,693 artifacts, multiyear study in Lake Mead National Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanc- 61.5% were plastics, by far the most com- Recreation Area (LAME). The SRC con- tuary: The wrecks of the coal schooners mon material, followed by paper (8.06%), tinued work on submerged sites in LAME, Frank A. Palmer and Louise B. Crary, which organic remains (6.04%), and metal (5.72%). including a B-29 Superfortress in 200 ft. of rest on the Stellwagen Bank National Ma- Consumption patterns were discernible, as water and industrial sites associated with rine Sanctuary seafloor, have been listed the most ubiquitous foodstuffs were sugar Hoover Dam construction approximately on the National Register of Historic Places. (27.21%) and cereals (20.76%), followed by 150-170 ft. deep. May fieldwork focused on “The Frank A. Palmer and Louise B. Crary’s milk and derivatives (14.07%). Within the preparing to open visitation of the B-29 to historical, architectural, and archaeologi- cereal category, the most common were technical diver access on a permitted basis. cal significance makes the vessels the best cookies, followed by pasta and snacks. The We finalized baseline site monitoring docu- examples of the great New England coal most common meat consumed, as attested mentation, set mooring buoys and guide- schooners,” said Craig MacDonald, Stell- by garbage remains, was chicken, followed lines, and collected video footage for an wagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary by beef. Butter and oil were also common, orientation video, as well as consulted with superintendent. as were olives. Within the sugar category, local scuba organizations about planned The Maine-built wooden-hulled four- the most common were fizzy drinks. Water public access to the site. SRC and LAME masted schooner Frank A. Palmer and five- was however the most important beverage, personnel also conducted preliminary masted schooner Louise B. Crary played a followed by coffee, with beer a distant third. investigation of a 1930s aggregate sort- vital role as coal carriers during the urban- Inspired by the original Garbage Project, by ing plant used in dam construction. The ization and industrialization of New Eng- William L. Rathje, the Mogi das Cruzes ex- 2005 field project was the second year of a land at the beginning of the 20th century. perience proves that the archaeology of us planned 3-5 year project in LAME assessing During their relatively short careers, the is alive and well in Latin America. submerged sites associated with all aspects schooners carried thousands of tons of coal of area usage, both before and after reser- used to generate steam power in the loco- Columbia voir creation. motives and electric power plants that were dramatically changing American life. The Archaeology of Slavery, Neiva Province, Hawai’i schooners exemplify a critical transporta- Columbia: A regional study of slavery in tion network that supplied New England’s Neiva Province, Columbia, funded by the National Park Service—Submerged Re- energy needs and their involvement in the prestigious Colombian National Science sources Center (NPS-SRC): The NPS-SRC coal trade connects them to Americans Foundation (Fundación de Investigaciones continued the USS Arizona Preservation along the East Coast. Arqueológicas Nacionales de Colombia), Project, including continuing research on The schooners rest on the seafloor, their was recently completed. The archaeologi- the Japanese Midget Sub outside Pearl Har- bows touching in the same orientation in cal research, which focused on colonial and bor. The NPS-SRC fieldwork on the USS which they plunged to the seafloor after early Independence plantations, grew out Arizona in Pearl Harbor was part of a mul- their collision in 1902. A miscalculation by of the vast anthropological and historical tiyear, interdisciplinary project to charac- the Louise B. Crary’s mate caused it to smash research on people of African descent in Co- terize critical processes affecting Arizona, into the Frank A. Palmer’s portside bow. lumbia. The archaeological study of slavery develop a predictive engineering model to Within minutes of the collision, 6 of the 21 in this case was informed by the theoretical calculate diminishing structural integrity sailors onboard the vessels had drowned. issues raised by authors such as Charles E. over time, and produce a long-term pres- The remaining 15 sailors made it into the Orser and Pedro Paulo Funari who worked ervation plan for the battleship including Palmer’s longboat with only the clothing elsewhere in the Americas. Using an origi- management alternatives. The NPS-SRC they were wearing, but without food or nal anthropological approach, based on the worked closely with USS Arizona Memo- water. During the following four days, five so-called transculturation model developed rial (USAR) staff, U.S. Geological Survey more men perished from exposure before by Fernando Ortiz, the fieldwork was able (USGS) scientists, and volunteers from being rescued more than 60 miles east of to show that a mixed material culture was Coastal Maritime Archaeology Resources Cape Cod. produced beginning with the introduction (CMAR) to conduct fieldwork as part of a Investigations of the site revealed the of slavery in the area. The mix of Africans Department of Defense Legacy Resources vessels’ hulls to be nearly intact with rig- with Spaniards and Native peoples was Management Fund project, which focused ging played across the deck from the Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 14 New York shoreside signage, and informative mini- documentaries, all to promote tourism and Bateaux Below, Inc. (BBI): foster preservation and protection of the Lake George, New York’s state’s submerged cultural resources. The Submerged Heritage Pre- lead municipality for the endeavor is the serves, a state-adminis- Village of Lake George. The other five par- tered shipwreck park for ticipating waterways and municipalities scuba divers that opened are: Atlantic Ocean Coastal Waters—Vil- in 1993, will undergo a lage of Freeport, Lake Champlain—City of “facelift” in 2006. The Plattsburgh, Lake Erie—City of Dunkirk, New York State Depart- Lake Ontario—City of Oswego, and Seneca ment of Environmental Lake—City of Geneva. It is envisioned that Conservation, the state within two years that each of these water- agency that administers ways will have one to two new shipwreck the underwater park, has preserves with related information exhib- provided $2,000 for the re- its, brochures, Web sites, etc. Prior to any placement of some of the shipwreck being opened for diver visita- preserve’s underwater sig- tion, each site will be archaeologically in- nage and trail lines. This is vestigated. The New York State Underwa- the first major upgrading ter Blueway Trail exhibit in the new Lake of preserve hardware since George Visitor Center was designed by 1997-1998 when one of the Bateaux Below, Inc., Pepe Productions, and Image of the wrecks of the Louise B. Crary and Frank A. three sites in the shipwreck Adirondack Studios. Palmer. preserve system, called The Forward, underwent a South Carolina toppled masts. At no other New England transformation into “The Forward Under- coal schooner archaeological site identified water Classroom.” All three of the pre- South Carolina Institute of Archaeology thus far is it possible to study two vessels serve’s sites—“The Sunken Fleet of 1758,” and Anthropology, Maritime Research Di- with such extensive preservation. How the “The Forward Underwater Classroom,” vision (SCIAA, MRD): In September, Dr. schooners sank, and the condition of the and “Land Tortoise—A 1758 Floating Gun Thorne Compton, Senior Associate Dean wreck site, provide a unique archaeological Battery”—will get replacement signage for for the College of Arts and Science at the opportunity to compare two similar, but aging signs. University of South Carolina, replaced Dr. slightly different vessels, engaged in the Furthermore, the nearly 450 ft. of trail Jonathan Leader as SCIAA’s Interim Direc- same trade. lines at “The Forward Underwater Class- tor. The Dean of the College plans to ap- Scientists from NOAA and the Univer- room” will be redesigned to minimize the point a broad-based search committee early sity of Connecticut confirmed the Frank A. possibility of damage from errant fishing next year that will guide the search for and Palmer and Louise B. Crary’s location within tackle and anchors. Two of the sites—“The hiring of a permanent director for the Insti- the sanctuary in 2002 based upon the co- Sunken Fleet of 1758” and “Land Tor- tute. ordinates supplied by maritime research- toise—A 1758 Floating Gun Battery”—are Michael Murray joined the MRD in ers H. Arnold Carr and John P. Fish. Since listed on the National Register of Historic September as the Division’s 4th Manager of then, NOAA and University of Connecticut Places and in 1998, the Land Tortoise radeau the Sport Diver Archaeology Management scientists and archaeologists have visited shipwreck was designated a National His- Program in the Division’s Charleston Of- the wrecks annually with a remotely oper- toric Landmark. The fieldwork to upgrade fice. Mike came to SCIAA with many years ated vehicle to monitor, study, and docu- the three preserve sites will be conducted of experience as a Marine Science Educator ment their condition. by Bateaux Below, Inc., a not-for-profit cor- on training sailing vessels and in digitiz- The Stellwagen Bank National Ma- poration that conducts underwater archae- ing Florida’s archaeological site files. He rine Sanctuary and the National Undersea ology in the 32-mile-long Lake George. received his degrees from the University of Research Center at the University of Con- Furthermore, a new building in Lake Idaho and the University of Southampton. necticut have been active partners since George, New York called the Lake George Mike plans to concentrate on the follow- the sanctuary’s designation by Congress Visitor Center will open soon. The struc- ing: in 1992. Technical support from NURC- ture, a gateway to encourage tourism, will • revitalizing the program by strongly UConn has been crucial to satisfying the have a panel and video exhibit about a new interacting with the sanctuary’s mandate to inventory, as- initiative, the New York State Underwater community, dive shops, and clubs in sess, nominate to the National Register of Blueway Trail. The Underwater Blueway the state, through presentations and Historic Places, interpret, and manage its Trail is a New York State Department of practical education (in the form of maritime heritage resources. Through this State program to provide public access workshops and field training courses) partnership, NOAA and NURC-UConn to shipwrecks for divers as well as to in- and communication via the Maritime scientists have located over a dozen historic form both scuba enthusiasts and non-div- Heritage Web site, monthly e-grams, shipwrecks in the sanctuary and completed ers about the Empire State’s vast maritime and a list-serve for the Hobby Divers; detailed investigations of the sites with side heritage. The Underwater Blueway Trail • forging new relationships within the scan , remotely operated vehicles, and is a pilot project for six waterways and six dive and maritime communities; and autonomous underwater vehicles. corresponding municipalities. The concept • fully integrating the data provided is to create shipwreck preserves or parks by the Hobby Divers in their quar- in these six waterways with land-based terly reports into the Division’s GIS. exhibits, program brochures, Web sites, Throughout the year, Jim Spirek and Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 15 Christopher Amer presented numerous Cooper River Underwater Heritage year—a possible 17th-century wreck in public lectures on the Division’s projects, Dive Trail: In November, MRD staff re- West Bay, Devon, and the early submarine including the Hunley, the Port Royal Sound moved the mooring buoys for the season Holland V, off Beach Head, Sussex. Archive Survey, the South Carolina Naval Wrecks and assessed the condition of the sites on (material and documentary) assessment Survey and the Division’s most recent proj- the heritage trail. The infrastructure of and enhancement projects continue in order ect, a survey for the 1526 wreck of Lucas buoys, mooring blocks, and trail lines that to bring to publication the work carried out Vazquez de Ayllon’s Capitana. were replaced in spring 2005 has fared well in the past on English Designated Historic In January, Christopher Amer and Jon through the year. Of the five sites compris- Wrecks. In addition, commissions are un- Leader met with Dr. Dolores Elkin, director ing the trail, three seem to have suffered derway for marine environmental assess- of Argentina’s Programa de Arqueología no noticeable deterioration or effects from ments of selected Designated Wreck Sites Subacuática to lay the groundwork for a co- visiting divers. The Pimlico Barge, however, to help understand the chemical, physical, operative agreement between SCIAA and appeared to have suffered an anchor drag and biological processes that are governing that country to train their underwater ar- that broke away part of a run of planking, preservation. chaeologists in remote sensing techniques while the Mepkin Wreck, a late 18th- to early Marine development control: We con- and conduct mutually beneficial archaeol- 19th-century sailing vessel, showed signs of tinue in our role as a statutory advisor to ogy projects in Argentina’s waters. general deterioration either from visitation the UK government and its agencies on his- Port Royal Sound Survey-Callawas- or ongoing environmental degradation. toric environment issues relating to marine sie Island Archaeological Prospecting Strategies to forestall the continuing dete- developments. An average of 20 proposals Survey: Currently, Jim Spirek is prepar- rioration of the sites will be discussed over per month come before us, relating to de- ing a draft report of the work and findings the winter and implemented when reopen- velopments situated in all areas of the Eng- from the Callawassie Island Archaeological ing the trail in the spring of next year. lish marine zone, and ranging from marine Prospecting Survey, a subcomponent of the Review and Compliance: Yearly, the aggregate extraction, offshore wind-farm Port Royal Sound Survey. The report will MRD receives several thousand public installations, gas pipelines, electric cables, hopefully be ready for review by the begin- notices a year from permitting agencies, coastal defense, port, and coast edge con- ning of next year. The survey was funded primarily the Office of Coastal Resource struction. by the Callawassie Island Stewards, Inc. Management and the U.S. Army Corps of The Protocol On The Reporting Of Ar- and private residents of the island. Sur- Engineers, concerning proposed works af- chaeological Finds by dredging operatives vey operations occurred in spring 2004 and fecting navigable waterways in South Car- offshore, and on the wharf-side as aggre- ground-truthing inspections of prioritized olina. Most of the public notices received gate is unloaded, has been launched, and anomalies occurred in late spring 2005. deal with the construction of private docks we are keen to develop similar procedures Findings included a number of crab traps for individuals or communities. For these for marine industries other than dredging. and an assortment of modern debris, but and other projects the MRD working in We have supported the Crown Estate’s unfortunately nothing of great cultural sig- concert with the SHPO often issues stan- updating of the Joint Nautical Archaeology nificance. One anomaly not identified be- dard responses to the applicant to inform Policy Committee’s for cause it was buried beyond metal detector our respective institutions if archaeologi- Seabed Development. range bears further investigation to deter- cal materials are encountered during con- Aggregate Sustainability Levy Fund mine its source and historical or archaeo- struction. There are also several proposed (ASLF) Marine Projects Round 2: We have logical significance. beach renourishment projects in the works. passed the halfway point with the Round Lucas Vazquez de Ayllon’s Capita- In each case we have recommended sub- 2 ALSF, and are on target to disburse £1m na Survey: With funding from the South merged cultural resource survey be con- this fiscal year and £1m in 2006/7 to fund Carolina Archaeological Research Trust, in ducted. Earlier in the year, one such survey essential research into the marine historic August the MRD began an archaeological produced a rather stunning sonar image of environment. Projects include: survey to locate the Capitana. The vessel, a shipwreck in the middle of the proposed * continuation of the survey of archaeo- described contemporaneously by the Span- borrow area. logical finds from the southern North Sea ish historian Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo and the eastern English Channel with par- y Valdes as a nao, wrecked off Winyah Bay, England ticular emphasis on enhancing understand- South Carolina in 1526 during a failed at- ing and characterization of palaeolithic and tempt by the Spanish to establish the first English Heritage: For English Heritage’s mesolithic archaeology at risk from marine European settlement in North America. Maritime Archaeology Team 2005 has, once aggregate extraction: Archival research suggests that the wreck again, been frenetic! The pace of new work • continuation of the Round 1 enhance- lies near the entrance to Winyah Bay, which remains headlong, set against (this year) a ment of available records of wrecks, was the focus of the survey. Unfortunately, background of rapid change in the English hazards, and casualties to improve un- after only one week of survey the Division’s marine development sector and the UK derstanding of likely maritime remains cesium magnetometer failed and required government’s renewed interest in reform- on seabed; extensive repair. We currently plan to con- ing marine historic environment protection • further research into innovative assess- tinue the survey next year and have been legislation. ment protocols (such as multibeam so- actively seeking additional funding to en- The English Heritage Maritime Ar- nar) on historic wrecks; and able us to expand the scope of the survey. chaeology Team currently comprises four • continued determination of the geo- The MRD is working in collaboration with archaeologists, a dedicated marine planner morphology of submerged and buried Drs. Scott Harris and Eric Wright, coastal (or marine compliance officer), and an ad- landscapes on the northern English geologists from the Department of Marine ministrative assistant. Channel shelf to assess the archaeo- Science at Coastal Carolina University, who England’s Protected Historic Wreck logical significance of offshore fluvial are reconstructing the 1526 shoreline and Sites: Two new historic wreck sites (bring- systems in their palaeoenvironmental entrance to the bay to help guide the place- ing the total to 42) were designated under contexts prior to aggregate extraction. ment of survey priority areas. The Protection of Wrecks Act 1973 this Strategy and policy, UK Government Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 16 Review of Heritage Protection: The De- and provide us with a suggested topic/s. Congress (WAC6) first call for papers and partment of Culture, Media, & Sport has set For more information, please visit or contact Paul Brant, be held in Kingston, Jamaica. In May 2007, ing Groups (one on Designations and Defi- Director of CPNS, or the Caribbean will celebrate 200 years since nitions, and one on Salvage and Reporting) . the abolition of the Atlantic Slave Trade. to look at major issues relating to the des- This will be an important backdrop for the ignation (or legal protection) of marine ar- 21–23 September 2006. The Flemish Heri- congress. WAC-6 will be organized into chaeological sites. tage Institute (VIOE) is organizing a three- themes and sessions. A theme contains day conference: “To Sea or not to Sea, an a number of sessions relating to the same Meetings of Interest International Colloquium on Maritime and overall issue. For example: Theme-“The Fluvial Archaeology in the Southern North African Diaspora”; Sessions: “Maroon So- 1-4 June 2006. The North American Soci- Sea Area.” The conference will concen- cieties,” “Plantation Archaeology,” and ety for Oceanic History (NASOH) and the trate on four themes: research focused on “Post-Emancipation Free Villages.” Both Canadian Nautical Research Society are maritime archaeological work in Belgium themes and sessions should emphasize co-hosting a conference on “Charting the and in the Belgian territorial waters, legis- international participation and global per- Inland Seas: Recent Studies in Great Lakes lation, conservation, and communication. spectives. Sessions can be organized in dif- Maritime Research.” The conference will For more detailed information about ob- ferent formats, including demonstrations, be held in Manitowoc, WI. Possible topics jectives, program, registration, organizers, workshops, debates, panels, and forums. include maritime commerce and industries, venue, and call for posters, visit: . ous translation into different languages, in- ology, weather and navigation, historic ves- cluding Spanish and French. Proposals for sels, and the Coast Guard. While the pri- 26 September 2006. The Association of En- themes will be accepted for consideration mary geographic focus is the Great Lakes, vironmental Archaeology is hosting a one- through 30 May 2006. Proposals for ses- papers dealing with other regions will be day conference: “Sea Changes: Environ- sions will be accepted through 31 August considered. For more information, please mental Archaeology in the Marine Zone, 2006. The deadline for abstracts for indi- visit or from Coast to Continental Shelf.” The con- vidual papers is 30 November 2006. Indi- contact Victor Mastone, Director of Massa- ference will be held at Portsmouth Historic vidual papers may be submitted prior to 28 chusetts Board of Underwater Archaeologi- Dockyard. It will cover all aspects of envi- February 2007, and will be assigned to ap- cal Resources, at . marine setting, and will include the AEA’s of 150-250 words should be submitted via AGM. The conference will be followed email or mailed to the following addresses: 26 June-1 July 2006. “Conference on Iron, the next day with a field visit to Chiches- email: , or via Steel & Steam: A Progressive Seminar on ter Harbour, including a trip on Chichester regular mail to WAC-6 Academic Commit- Developments ‘Down Under’” will be held Harbour. A £50 book-token prize will be tee, c/o Mr. Dorrick Gray, Archaeological in Freemantle, Melbourne, Sydney, Aus- awarded for the best student poster. Ab- Society of Jamaica, Archaeology Lab, De- tralia. The conference will celebrate two stract deadline: 16 June 2006. Registration partment of History and Archaeology, Uni- events: the presentation of the finished Xan- deadline: 21 July 2006. For more informa- versity of the West Indies, Mona Campus, tho engine and the projects of the new mil- tion contact: Zoë Hazell or Andy Hammon, Jamaica W.I., or WAC-6 Academic Com- lennium in Australasia. The seminar will at English Heritage, Fort Cumberland, Fort mittee, Archaeological Society of Jamaica, feature presentations from Jeremy Green, Cumberland Road, Eastney, Portsmouth, PO Box 4, Kingston 19, Jamaica, W.I. Corioli Souter, Ian McLeod, David Nutley, PO4 9LD; phone: 02392 856700; email: or . [email protected]>. Underwater Archaeology, the Internet, 27-28 September 2006. “Conference on and the World Wide Web (WWW): The 6-8 August 2006. The second Centre for Managing the Marine Cultural Heritage II: Internet is a forum for the exchange of in- Portuguese Nautical Studies (CPNS) Mari- Significance” will be held in Portsmouth, formation on underwater archaeology and time Archaeology and History Conference UK. The conference aims to inform those related maritime resources. The location of will be held at Mossel Bay, Southern Cape involved in managing the marine cultural new sites that focus on maritime or related Province, South Africa. Following the heritage about approaches to the definition fields will be included as a regular feature. major success of the first conference held and management of significance. This will Share the news with your colleagues by for- during August 2004 the Centre for Portu- include the presentation of international de- warding new listings or sites to for future inclusion announce the second CPNS Maritime Ar- objectives are four-fold: (1) to convene a in the SHA Newsletter. chaeology & History Conference organized range of international experts; (2) to present in cooperation with the Dias Museum. Or- a series of papers on examples of defining U.S.A.-CENTRAL PLAINS significance and marine cultural heritage ganizers invite all interested parties to in- Reported by Jay Sturdevant dicate their interest, attend and/or present in themed sessions; (3) to provide a forum a paper at this major international event. for discussion and exchange of ideas and Experts from around the world will join approaches; and (4) to publish the proceed- us in discussions on various aspects relat- ings and disseminate to a wide audience. Nebraska ing to Portuguese maritime history during For more information, visit: . the Carreira da India period. Persons inter- Mud Springs Battlefield: In early May ested in presenting papers at the conference 2006, Doug Scott, Peter Bleed, and Melissa are asked to contact us as soon as possible 20-27 May 2007. World Archaeological Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 17 Connor undertook a field survey of the known as Pike County, IL, situated in the assistance of three graduate students and Mud Springs battlefield in Morrill Coun- rolling hill region between the Illinois and nine undergraduate field school students ty, NE. Mud Springs was a Pony Express Mississippi Rivers. He founded the town each summer. In addition, Dr. Tommy Hai- and telegraph station and a watering stop of New Philadelphia in 1836, subdivided ley (Northwestern Louisiana State Univer- on the Oregon/Overland Trail. Between it, and sold lots. McWorter used the rev- sity) conducted a low-altitude aerial survey 4 and 6 February 1865, it was the site of enue from these sales to purchase the free- using a powered parachute in 2005. Exca- a fight between Cheyenne, Sioux, and dom of additional family members. Both vations to date have uncovered numerous Arapaho warriors and U.S. troops primar- whites and blacks purchased property in intact archaeological features, including the ily from the 11th Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. New Philadelphia and the town existed as remains of house foundations and storage Although it resulted in few casualties, the a demographically integrated community spaces. Reports of each year’s excavations Mud Springs fight was representative of well into the 20th century. By the 1880s the and research are available on the Internet many western battles. Metal detection of town was dissolved as a legal entity, and at and the field of battle recovered a sample of by the early 20th century only a few houses . Distribution of these materials appears to town are gone, and the landscape is cov- Ms. Michelle Huttes, working in col- show where the fighting was concentrated. ered with prairie grasses and agricultural laboration with others on this project, A feature long considered a rifle pit associ- fields. prepared and submitted an application ated with the battle was also tested. Work Without visible signs of the preexist- to have the entire town site nominated to at Mud Springs was undertaken in conjunc- ing landscape features, the archaeologi- the National Register of Historic Places. tion with development of a video series on cal research teams have used historic and That nomination was greatly enhanced by battlefield archaeology. topographic maps and aerial photographs all of the archaeological data obtained up to map the contours of the town site onto through the time of the application. This U.S.A.-MIDWEST the current landscape. A walk-over survey nomination received official support from Reported by Lynn Evans of the town site in 2002 and 2003 uncov- Governor Rod Blagojevich, U.S. Senator ered over 7,000 artifacts, including pieces Richard Durbin, and U.S. Senator Barack of ceramics, window glass, and nails, in Obama, among others. The entire town discrete that indicated the site of New Philadelphia was added to the Illinois location and remains of domestic houses National Register of Historic Places as a na- and commercial enterprises dating from tionally significant archaeological resource New Philadelphia (submitted by Christo- the 19th and early 20th centuries. The ar- on 11 August 2005. pher Fennell): In the summers of 2004 and chaeological field schools have included We are designing this collaborative ar- 2005, a collaborative project of the Univer- geophysical surveying and excavations. chaeology, history, and oral history project sity of Maryland’s Center for Heritage Re- Michael Hargrave (CERL, Army Corps to be as democratic as possible. We are en- source Studies; the Illinois State Museum’s deavoring to be transparent in the way we Research and Collections Center; the De- are collecting and displaying our data to the partment of Anthropology at the University various individuals and communities inter- of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; the History ested in this subject by placing everything Department of the University of Central we find online. For example, information Florida; and the New Philadelphia As- and transcriptions concerning the town’s sociation hosted field schools in archaeol- land ownership records, census data, and ogy and laboratory techniques at the site of tax records are now available and fully New Philadelphia, IL. These field schools searchable on our Web sites. Our goal is to were sponsored by the National Science make sure we post information as soon as Foundation’s Research Experiences for Un- it becomes available for others to see, use, dergraduates Program, and were conduct- interpret, and critique. ed for 10 weeks each. The 2005 NSF field school was joined by another field school Michigan hosted by the University of Illinois at Ur- bana-Champaign. A third NSF-sponsored Colonial Michilimackinac (submitted by field school will be conducted in the sum- Lynn Evans): The 2005 excavation was a mer of 2006. D. W. Ensign, Atlas Map of Pike County, continuation of work carried out in 1996 This field school program is part of a Illinois, Davenport, Iowa: Andreas, Lyter and 1998-2004 on the easternmost unit of long-term, collaborative research project to & Co., 1872, p. 84. Illinois Historical Sur- the south-southwest rowhouse within the study the growth and eventual demise of vey Collections, University of Illinois, Ur- palisade wall. The original structure was the town of New Philadelphia, known for bana-Champaign. built during the 1730s for French-Canadian its compelling and nationally significant fur traders. The structure was rebuilt in the character as the earliest town founded by of Engineers) supervised electric resistiv- 1760s and this unit, along with several oth- an African American in the United States. ity and electromagnetic surveys at the site. ers, was occupied by British foot soldiers Frank McWorter was the town founder and Subsurface anomalies identified by Dr. for a time prior to completion of the sol- an African American who had earlier hired Hargrave in the geophysical surveys were diers’ barracks in 1769. French-Canadian out his own time and established a saltpeter further investigated with soil-core surveys fur traders returned until the structure was mining operation while enslaved in Ken- and excavations. Paul Shackel (University moved to Mackinac Island ca. 1780. Ex- tucky. With the money he earned, he pur- of Maryland), Terry Martin (Illinois State cavation in 2005 continued in previously chased his freedom, and in the early 1830s Museum), and Chris Fennell (University opened areas. acquired lands in a sparsely populated area of Illinois) conducted excavations with the The root cellar continued to be the most Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 18 exciting area. Eighteen cellar wall posts are now exposed. A tremendous number of artifacts were recovered from the cellar during the 2005 season, ranging from pock- ets of concentrated fish bones to a George II copper half-penny, the first colonial coin found at Michilimackinac since 1979. Some larger artifacts than usual were recovered from the cellar, probably pitched in the hole to fill it during the garrison’s move to Mack- inac Island. These include large sections of barrel band, sizable fragments of brass ket- tles, an intact kitchen knife blade and part of a scissors. Several gun parts were found including a French trigger guard, a British military butt plate and a butt plate that can- not be identified because it is wrapped in bark. Small but notable artifacts recovered include numerous buttons, an intricately carved MicMac pipe, and a Jesuit ring. To the east of the cellar, the area under the hearth was excavated. A large timber was uncovered, perhaps related to the hearth or a collapsed mantel. A large rock was Cabin at Coloma. removed adjacent to this which is the right ruins of Coloma and that will guide future are over 150 cultural features visible on the size to have been part of a chimney. It was archaeological investigations at this site. site’s complex, historic mining landscape, carved with an arrow and some triangles Coloma is nestled in the Garnet Range such as collapsed and partially standing containing dots. Similarly sized rocks have of western Montana, where a fir and spruce historic log structures, stone building foun- been removed from the cellar. A square forest conceals the “ghost” community’s dations, mine shafts and dumps, explora- bone gaming piece engraved with an “X” collapsing log buildings. Coloma was es- tion pits, artifact scatters, mill remains, and was found in the same general area. tablished in this isolated locale during the historic roads and waterways. The final area to be excavated was the winter of 1894-1895. After the community’s The U of M’s Department of Anthropol- southwest corner of the house. The final nascent boom, the assortment of necessary ogy and Archaeological Field School will section of the south wall was identified services arrived, including saloons, board- be collaborating with the BLM’s Missoula here at the end of the 2004 season. It was ing houses, a dance hall, and a library. In Field Office for several years at Coloma to better defined in 2005 and the doorway was 1903, diminished profits led to a mining document the fragile vestiges of this ghost located. bust, and the community lost its post office town. The project featured on this Web site Mackinac State Historic Parks (MSHP) and status as a town. While a handful of is dedicated to recording Coloma’s remains sponsored the project, under the direction miners made sporadic visits to the area un- with maps, remote sensing, digital photog- of Lynn Evans and the field supervision of til the 1950s, many sections of Coloma have raphy, limited excavations, and historic Todd Reck. The artifacts are housed at the been deserted for over 100 years. There structure drawings. All data will then be MSHP’s Petersen Center in Mackinaw City. The final report will follow the complete excavation of the house.

U.S.A.-NORTHERN PLAINS AND MOUNTAIN STATES Reported by Steven G. Baker

Montana

Coloma Ghost Town Project (submitted by Kelly J. Dixon, University of Montana Department of Anthropology): The Colo- ma Ghost Town project is a multiyear, co- operative research project between the Uni- versity of Montana (U of M) and the Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM’s) Missoula Field Office. It is dedicated to document- ing the archaeological remains of a mining community in western Montana, and the project’s major goal seeks to develop an interactive archive that will document the Akex Baer and Renea Martinson with ground-penetrating radar. Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 19 compiled into a GIS database, where it can Missoula, MT, home of the University of During the fall of 2004, McLeod contacted be integrated with historical records (e.g., Montana, the terraced garden site sits ex- Dr. Dixon to begin plans for archaeologi- photographs, maps, and memoirs). The cavated into a narrow and steeply walled cal investigations of this one-of-a-kind site. results will furnish an interactive resource, drainage. Accessible only by a substan- With successful passage of a grant through the USFS, the summer of 2006 christens the first large-scale work at the site. Initial surveys in 1979, and further in- vestigations in 2005 and 2006, revealed three main terraced garden plots constructed of highly intricate dry-laid masonry, multiple habitation pits, an established wagon trail, placer prospect pits, and even an irregular mine adit. All evidence indicates that the residents of the terraced site worked the sur- rounding countryside in search of precious minerals, most likely gold. Oral and writ- ten histories of the local area suggested the site’s occupants were Chinese who left the railroad camps a few miles away, in hopes of finding their fortune in the desolate and rugged mountains. The terracing and style of masonry also suggests a Chinese occu- pation in keeping with Fee’s (1991) descrip- tion of cultural resources in the Payette and Clearwater National Forests. During the last quarter of the 19th cen- tury, Chinese laborers came to Montana and took up a variety of occupations, in- The Crew . . . cluding railroad work gangs, miners, laun- dry operators, doctors, and numerous oth- where users can choose a feature on our site tial hike of nearly three miles, the site sits ers. Little is known of the Chinese presence map and then view modern and historical in a densely forested region of Montana’s in Montana outside of Butte, especially the photographs, architectural sketches, and backcountry, miles away from any homes rural settlements. In partnership with the artifact inventories associated with each or communities. United States Forest Ser- Lolo National Forest, University of Mon- feature, as well as other pertinent historical vice (USFS) personnel discovered the site tana archaeologists hope to illuminate this and archaeological information. in 1979. Since 1979, C. Milo McLeod, the seldom-studied area of Chinese heritage This project will demonstrate how cul- Forest Archaeologist for the Lolo National through focused and intensive archaeologi- tural resource managers can use GIS for Forest, protected the site from widespread cal investigations. Proposed research at the digital preservation; for examining the notoriety and potential negative impacts. site hopes to illuminate the subsistence ac- processes of decay and the effects of winter storms; and for analyses of cultural land- scapes. The GIS database and related Web site will be this project’s major tangible products. These will ensure that the site is archived in such a way that lay and pro- fessional audiences will be able to access both digital records and the site’s physical remains well into the future. Additional products include a series of master’s theses, doctoral dissertations, and related publica- tions.

Rural Chinese in Western Montana (sub- mitted by Chris Merritt and Jen Childress): Intensive fieldwork has finally begun on a terraced garden site, protected by anonym- ity for nearly 30 years by personnel of the Lolo National Forest, which was occupied by a rural Chinese population during the 19th century. Archaeological investigation of the nearly untouched site began in April of 2006 by students under the direction of Dr. Kelly Dixon of the University of Mon- tana. Terrace Garden Site after vegetation clearing in Western Montana, terraces and habita- Located roughly 100 miles west of tion pits on the left with a historic wagon road on the right.

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 20 tivities of the site’s residents, their connec- been initially occupied around 1800, and by was also recovered, with fiber-tempered tion to the outside world of market goods, 1825 was a thriving cotton plantation with wares composing a significant percentage landscape learning patterns, leisure pur- a large slave work . Tabby founda- of the total. This survey has demonstrated suits, and how this site fits into the growing tions for 17 duplex slave cabins, the main the impressively rich archaeological poten- database of rural Montana Chinese sites. house, barns, and other facilities are still ex- tial of 9MC96, in both slave cabin and big Scope of work in 2006 includes com- tant (figure 1). Shortly after the main house house locations. plete documentation and recordation of all burned in 1853, the site seems to have been In addition to the survey, Dan and Rita features associated with the site, full-scale largely abandoned by Randolph Spalding, Elliot (LAMAR Institute) donated a day mapping, and preparation of a National its owner at that time. In the 20th century it of GPR work at Chocolate. Two areas of Register of Historic Places nomination. This was used for dairy farming and as a hunt- the site that had produced historic features spring crews from the University of Mon- ing preserve by Howard Coffin and later R. during the survey were investigated, and tana, with technical and personnel assis- J. Reynolds. It is now managed by DNR. several intriguing anomalies appeared in tance from the USFS, cleared the majority of The UTC project was carried out as part the data that was generated. The final re- the site’s overgrowth, offering researchers of an archaeological field school under the sults of the GPR approach are being ana- the first clear glimpse of the entire extent of direction of Dr. Nicholas Honerkamp. A lyzed by Dan Elliot. the cultural resources. In the late summer systematic survey approach was used to Finally, on the Memorial Day holiday, and fall of 2006 work at the site will enter its identify the presence of archaeological re- the UTC team presented the results of the second phase, with the project’s first Forest sources through excavation of half-meter archaeological research as part of an “Ar- Service-sponsored Passport in Time (PIT) survey units on a 20-m grid over the entire chaeology Day” event, in cooperation with project. Supplemented with advanced ca. 3.7-ha site. The grid was based on a 1974 the Sapelo Island Cultural and Revitaliza- field school students from the University of map of the site produced by Dr. Ray Crook tion Society (SICARS). Approximately 35 Montana’s anthropology program, the PIT of the University of West Georgia. All sur- residents of Hog Hammock, the only sur- project will focus on collecting soil sam- vey units were dug to sterile and screened viving residential area on the island, and ples, conducting remote sensing surveys, using ¼-in. mesh. Artifacts were washed, about 25 other visitors viewed the excava- and performing small-scale excavations in rough sorted, and tallied as part of an ag- tions, field laboratory, interpretive presen- selected features. As part of this late sum- gressive field laboratory that facilitated tations, and displays that highlighted the mer research, Dr. Priscilla Wegars from the construction of preliminary artifact distri- survey process and the artifacts that were University of Idaho, Director of the Asian bution maps on a daily basis. Artifact iden- found at the site. Several of the Hog Ham- American Comparative Collection, will tification, analysis and conservation, and a mock residents are descendents of slaves visit the site and consult with the principal final report will be completed by fall 2006 at who lived and worked on the antebellum investigators. the Jeffrey L. Brown Institute of Archaeol- plantations on Sapelo Island, and they Work at this site will continue for at ogy at UTC. showed a keen interest in the exhibits and least three to four years, as part of disser- A total of 117 survey pits were excavat- presentations. Discussions are underway tation, thesis, and undergraduate research ed, providing an even distribution of data for providing artifacts for display at the SI- endeavors. A dissertation and other re- points that facilitated creation of GIS arti- CARS facility on Sapelo. ports submitted to the USFS by graduate fact density contour maps. Once analysis The survey report will be incorporated students will contain the results of all ex- and data input into GIS formats are com- in DNR’s cultural resource management cavations, surveys, and analyses completed plete, the resulting graphics will allow in- plan for the island, and will guide future as part of this project. As part of the part- terpretations of site structure and function research at this important site. A follow- nership, principal investigators will present to be made. The systematic sample from up field school to further investigate some findings and progress at professional con- areas of the site that do not contain obvious of the features discovered at Chocolate is ferences in the near future, and incorporate tabby remains will supplement previous planned for next summer. a public interpretation and outreach com- projects that were foundation oriented. De- ponent into their research. Parties interest- spite the small total ed in this ongoing research should contact area excavated using Lolo National Forest Archaeologist, C. Milo this approach (29.25 McLeod, or University of Montana Profes- m2 of approximately sor, Dr. Kelly J. Dixon. 36,800 m2), several thousand historic ar- U.S.A.-SOUTHEAST tifacts and numerous Reported by Gifford Waters cultural features were recorded, includ- ing several historic postholes and trash Georgia or cellar pits. Asso- ciated with the slave Chocolate Plantation (submitted by Nick cabin areas were Honerkamp, University of Tennessee): three beads, several The University of Tennessee at Chattanoo- bone and brass but- ga (UTC) recently completed a four-week tons, an iron hoe frag- survey of Chocolate Plantation (9MC96) on ment, and numerous Sapelo Island, GA. This research was sup- faunal remains. A ported by the Georgia Department of Nat- considerable num- ural Resources (DNR) and a UTC Faculty ber of unanticipated Figure 1. Extant Tabby Foundations at Chocolate Plantation. Research Grant. The site appears to have prehistoric ceramics

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 21 Current Publications Compiled by Charles Ewen

Listed below are publications received for review in Historical Archaeology. If you are interested in reviewing one of these publications please contact me at the address below or via email at: . Publishers and authors are encouraged to send new titles of potential interest to Prof. Charles Ewen, SHA Reviews Editor, Department of Anthropology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858. Please be sure to include price and ordering information.

Agnew, Neville, and Janet Bridgland (editors) 2006 Of the Past, For the Future: Integrating Archaeology and Conservation. The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles.

Borelli, Caterina 2004 Qudad: Reinventing a Tradition. Documentary on DVD. Documentary Educational resources, Watertown, MA.

Brickley, Megan, Simon Buteux, Josephine Adams, and Richard Cherrington 2006 St. Martin’s Uncovered: Investigations in the Churchyard of St. Martin’s-in- the-Bull Ring, Birmingham, 2001. Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK.

Cabak, Melanie, and Mark Groover 2004 Plantations Without Pillars: Archaeology, Wealth, and Material Life at Bush Hill. Savannah River Archaeological Research Program, Columbia, SC.

Christie, Neil, Paul Beavitt, Josep Gisbert Santonja, Joan Seguí, and Maria Victoria Gil Senís 2004 Ethnography and Archaeology in Upland Mediterranean Spain. School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.

Conolly, James, and Mark Lake 2006 Geographical Systems in Archaeology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Egan, Geoff 2005 Material Culture in London in an Age of Transition. Museum of London, London.

Hall, Martin, and Stephen Silliman (editors) 2006 Historical Archaeology. Blackwell, Malden, MA.

SHA Board: 2006 Mid-Year Meeting, Rockville

Standing, left to right: Rebecca Al- len (Editor), Nick Honerkamp, Joe Joseph, Anne Giesecke, Michael Nas- saney (Secretary), Margaret Purser, Lu Ann De Cunzo (President-Elect), William Lees (Newsletter Editor).

Kneeling, Sara Mascia (Treasurer).

Sitting, left to right: Greg Waselkov, Douglas Scott (Pres- dient), Terry Klein, Mark Staniforth (ACUA Chair).

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 22 Owens-Illinois Glass Company Bill Lockhart

[Portions of this article were originally published in Lockhart 2004.]

A few years back, I was asked to con- 1994:71). The merger was formally ap- to know the number of round trips a bottle duct the analysis of a fairly large assem- proved on April 17, 1929 (Paquette 1994:70). would make in typical use. blage of amber bottle glass that was exca- On March 25, 1931, the firm was incorporat- Mold codes are cryptic marks embossed vated by the University of Texas at El Paso. ed in California as the Owens-Illinois Glass on the heels or bases of bottles. Accord- Most of the artifacts were fragmentary and Co., Ltd. The newly renamed organization ing to Miller and Jorgensen (1986), “bottle consisted of amber beer bottle glass. This purchased the Illinois Pacific Coast Co., mould [a “u” in the word mold is correct provided me the opportunity to observe the largest glass manufacturer on the West in British and Canadian English] numbers a large sample of amber beer bottle bases Coast on November 30 of the same year. serve several functions,” including the fol- from the 1933-1941 period. I noticed an The name of the West Coast operation was lowing: interesting pattern in the Owens-Illinois changed to the Owens-Illinois Pacific Coast bases that did not fit the description from Co. on April 23, 1932 (Paquette 1994:81-82). 1. identification of the bottle, particu- Toulouse’s Bottle Makers and Their Marks. According to Paquette (1994:81) Owens-Il- larly for customers placing orders; That set me on a quest to look at as many linois introduced Applied Color Letter- 2. mould and inventory control of the Owens-Illinois bottles as I could find (most- ing (ACL) in 1931, although other sources factory; ly beer, soda, and milk) to see if the pattern place the date of the practical application at 3. Quality control for bottle production, occurred regularly. What I discovered was 1934. Owens-Illinois purchased Brockway, i.e. bottles with defects can be used to iden- a more refined way to date Owens-Illinois Inc. in 1988, renaming the combined giant tify the defective moulds that produced bottles from the 1940-1946 period with in- Owens-Brockway. According to Paquette them; and formation provided by their marks. While (1994:45), the Owens scars appeared on 4. production liability, e.g. should a I was looking, I discovered that Pepsi-Cola the earliest bottles, made in 1904 and 1905 bottle burst, the mould number, in combi- bottles made by Owens-Illinois followed a and continued until the final two machines, nation with trademarks and date codes, can still different pattern in their markings as “AQ” models, were phased out of the Gas tell how old the bottle was and what com- did those from Coca-Cola. City, Indiana, plant on December 17, 1982. pany produced it.

History Types of Marks Although Miller and Jorgensen pro- vided a thorough understanding of the The Owens-Illinois Glass Co. began There are at least three different types marks from Dominion Glass Co., we have with the merger of two of the industry’s gi- of marks embossed on returnable bottles by little evidence for the meanings of mold ants: the Illinois Glass Co. and the Owens the manufacturer. These were probably not codes from most companies. In some cases Glass Co. The Illinois Glass Co. was incor- placed on the containers at the behest of the these codes identify the individual plants porated in March 1873 and began business purchaser (the actual bottler) but reflect the that produced the bottles. Mostly, we have in August. The company was successful needs of the glass house. The first type is little or no information about the meaning and made virtually every type of bottle. By the manufacturer’s mark. These are usual- of mold codes. 1911, Illinois Glass had obtained the first ly symbols and/or letters embossed on the Often, these “mold codes” are synony- of three Owens Automatic Bottle Machine heel or base of the bottle that identify the mous with numbers in the company cata- licenses and made many other containers maker of the container. These were used logs. Thus, I have begun calling these spe- from semiautomatic machines. The firm at least as early as 1821 by Henry Ricketts cific types of mold codes – catalog codes. expanded until the merger with Owens (see on his now well-known style of mold that The glass group to which I belong has suc- Lockhart et al. 2005a for a discussion of the included what was probably the first plate cessfully matched numerous codes found company and its marks). mold (often called slug plates – although on bottles with illustrations in the Whitall The Owens Bottle Co. (1911-1929) grew the industry term was “plates”) on the base Tatum and Illinois Glass Co. catalogs. In from a series of companies that began with of his bottles. other cases, we have been able to match nu- the Toledo Glass Co. (1896-1903). The To- Date codes are usually one- or two-digit merical codes on numerous identical bot- ledo company was succeeded by both the numerals that indicate the year the bottle tles to empirically define codes by certain Owens Bottle Machine Co. (1903-1911) that was made. This idea appears to have been companies (e.g. Illinois Pacific Glass Co.) as made and sold the Owens Automatic Bottle conceived in conjunction with machine- catalog codes. Machine and the Northwestern Ohio Bottle made bottles. At this point, I have not seen Paquette (1994:87-88) discussed the cre- Co. (1904-1908), a company that make bot- date codes embossed on any blown-in- ation of a code system at the end of Prohibi- tles. In 1929, the firm merged with one of mold bottles (with the possible exception tion (1933): its major competitors, the Illinois Glass Co. of Hutchinson bottles made by the Illinois At the outset, the need was for to form the largest glass company in the in- Glass Co. between 1901 and 1903). Date standard sizes, shapes and capaci- dustry. codes are often integral with manufactur- ties. And [Smith L. Reardon] said, The merger between the Owens Glass er’s marks, embedded in mold codes, or “The Secretary had the idea that the Co. and the Illinois Glass Co. brought un- they stand alone. They probably originated government needed to know that der the Owens umbrella the “largest indi- as tracking devices for returnable bottles. bottles would not be refilled and vidual bottle plant in the world” (Paquette Manufacturers and bottlers alike wanted would be tamper-proof. So each of

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 23 the distilleries [received] an identi- a zero (0). The site was the old distribu- of them were missing periods. As noted by fying number and my proposal was tion center for Grand Prize Beer, and the Toulouse (1971:403), the Duraglas (script) that each of the bottle factories also Grand Prize Distributing Co. occupied the mark first appeared in 1940. Creswick be numbered. site from 1939 to 1943. Because Prohibition (1987:155) noted that the block-lettered After several weeks of study and was not lifted until 1933, this meant that Duraglas trademark (#384,993) was reg- discussion, a simple code was de- bottles marked with a zero were probably istered on February 11, 1941, but was first vised. Numbers were used to iden- from 1940. However, many of the bottles used on September 4, 1940. Owens-Illinois tify the month and year the bottle had a zero followed by a period. These also registered the script version of the mark was manufactured and the plant in had embossed stippling (in the form of nu- (#390,467) on September 23, 1941, claim- which it was made. An appropriate merous tiny dots) on the bases. All bases ing first use on September 4, 1940. On beer logotype or symbol would be added marked 1. or 2. also had stippling, and none bottles, the Duraglas mark was consistently to identify the glass company which produced the bottle. Table 1. Owens-Illinois Glass Co. Plant Numbers and Dates of Operation* (from Toulouse 1971:395) Common Owens-Illinois Glass Plant Number Plant Location Dates of Operation Company Marks 1 Toledo, Ohio 1930-1037 2 Fairmont, West Virginia 1930-present + The Diamond OI Mark 3 Huntington, West Virginia 1930-present + As Reardon’s discussion shows, some- 4 Clarksburg, West Virginia 1930-1944 times all three types of markings are com- bined. The Owens-Illinois Glass Co. marks 6 Charleston, West Virginia 1930-1963 provide a good example. A letter from 7 Alton, Illinois 1930-present + Toulouse to May Jones, published in Vol- 8 Glassboro, New Jersey 1930-1939 ume 5 of The Bottle Trail (1965), was the first to identify (at least in print) the rela- 9 Streator, Illinois 1930-present + tionships between the Owens-Illinois mark 10 Newark, Ohio 1930-1939 and the numbers surrounding it. Toulouse 11 Evansville, Indiana 1930-1940 (1971:406) later explained in more detail that the Owens-Illinois manufacturer’s 12 Gas City, Indiana 1930-present + mark also contained additional information 13 Chicago Heights, Illinois 1930-1940 in the form of company, date, and mold codes. The trade mark is an I inside an oval 14 Bridgeton, New Jersey 1930-present + (or an “O” for Owens) superimposed on an 15 Okmulgee, Oklahoma 1930-1940 elongated diamond (the traditional mark of 16 Cincinnati, Ohio 1930-1932 the Illinois Glass Co. – the combined logo sometimes called the diamond IO mark). 17 Clarion, Pennsylvania 1932-present + The mark (#269,225) was registered on 18 Columbus, Ohio 1932-1948 April 1, 1930, and the company claimed first 20 Brackenridge, Pennsylvania 1932-1940 use on April 20, 1929 (Creswick 1987:154). To the left of the mark is a one- or two- 25 Terre Haute, Indiana 1934-1950 digit number that identifies the plant that 26 Muncie, Indiana 1936-1949 produced the bottle. Toulouse provided a 15** Waco, Texas 1938-present + table on page 395 (Table 1) that identified all the Owens-Illinois plant codes. To the 20** Oakland, California 1946-present + right of the mark is a one- or two-digit date 23 Los Angeles, California 1949-present + code, and a mold code (also numerals) ap- 10** Atlanta, Georgia 1960-present + pears below the mark. Both archaeologists and collectors, 21 Portland, Oregon 1960-present + however, have been perplexed that the sin- 4** Rockport, New York 1962-present + gle-digit date codes could reflect either the 8** New Orleans, Louisiana 1962-present + 1930s or 1940s. For example, a date code of 2 could indicate 1932 or 1942. In some 22 Tracy, California 1962-present + cases, other ways of dating the container 11** North Bergen, New Jersey 1963-present + (such as the presence of an Applied Color 5** Charlotte, Michigan 1968-present + Label – a technique not perfected until 1934) could determine the decade of manu- 16** Lakeland, Florida 1967-present + facture. According to Toulouse, however, bottle production apparently began in 1930, * All dates are approximate; Toulouse used a graph that was not precise. so that eliminates the question of whether a single 9 would indicate 1929 or 1939. ** Plant numbers with two asterisks are ones where the number was reassigned after While looking at the amber beer bases the original plant ceased operation. from the El Paso excavation, I noticed an interesting change in bottles marked with + Present=1971, the date of Toulouse’s book, Bottle Makers and Their Marks.

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 24 used in conjunction with stippling. The timing of this is off. Both the Illinois The reason for stippling is not intuitive- Glass Co. and Owens Glass Co. used logos ly obvious. According to the GlassPac Web to identify their products prior to the merg- page (2004): er that created Owens-Illinois in 1929. The new company adopted a logo and began During the manufacture of a glass marking its bottles with the plant code (left container there is a point at which the of the logo) and the year code (to the right) almost red hot bottle is lowered on to immediately. I tested the “month code hypothesis” a relatively cool conveyor. Glass is a Figure 1. Owens-Illnois Mark, 1944 with the few bottles I had handy. I found poor conductor of heat. Therefore on Example numbers of 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 14, 16, and 18 (al- contact with metal, the surface of the The initial bottle used by the Illinois Brew- though the 14 was on the later style of logo glass will cool quickly but the mass ing Co. of Socorro, New Mexico, for exam- – without the diamond). The 14, 16, and 18, of glass behind it will not, leaving a ple, was made in 1946 and has a single 6 to therefore, could not be codes for the month. differential in the glass the right of the Owens-Illinois manufactur- Toulouse was apparently correct about this setting up stresses which may cause er’s mark but with no period after the num- one. However, the bottom number was ap- microscopic cracks to appear that may ber. However, I have found few exceptions plied inconsistently. Although many bot- weaken the glass. Base stippling lifts to the period rule on returnable bottles. By tles from the early 1930s include the bottom the body of the bottle clear from the 1947, the change to double-digit date codes number, a large segment of them do not. Even as late as the 1950s, these numbers are conveyors restricting the heat loss from appears to have been completely adopted sometimes missing. the bottle and eliminating the possibil- by all the plants. Even though the Owens-Illinois engrav- ity of stress and possible weakness. ers changed the date code each year, they The OI Mark did not create a new baseplate each time. In a personal communication, Robert On many Owens-Illinois bottles, it is fairly Owens-Illinois changed to a new varia- C. Leavitt added, “At least some of the dot easy with minor magnification to discern tion of its manufacturer’s mark during the coding on the bases of modern bottles is for tooling marks where the old date code was mid-1950s. The new mark was identical to Q C [quality control], to identify the cavity peened flat and a new one imprinted into the old one except that the elongated dia- on a machine that produced a specific bot- the mold to appear as an embossed date. mond was eliminated leaving only an I in tle. If too many bottles fail QC, they know By the 1960s, the changes are virtually im- an oval. The dating scheme, however, re- where to look.” possible to detect, probably because of im- mained the same with the company code Subsequent observation revealed that proved technical skills. to the left of the mark and the date code the combination of one-digit numbers and Peening out old marks seems to have to the right. Other combinations of letters periods were to be found on soda and been used pretty extensively. Mike Miller and numbers often appeared on some part milk bottles as well. Eventually, a pattern discovered an interesting colorless, soft of the base, possibly identification numbers emerged with the following results. At drink bottle embossed “21 I-in-an-oval-su- for the bottle style (catalog numbers), al- some point in 1940, someone in the Owens perimposed-on-an-elongated-diamond 7” though they could have other meanings. Illinois Glass Co. seems to have realized that on the front heel. This mark was used by The timing of the change is subject to a a zero could indicate either 1930 or 1940, so the Owens-Illinois Pacific Coast Co. (a sub- bit of controversy. According to Toulouse a new code needed to be developed. The sidiary of Owens-Illinois) from 1930 to ca. (1971:403), the older mark (with diamond) answer was to add a period indicating a 1954. The back heel, however, is marked was used from 1929 to 1954, and the new manufacture of 1940 or later. The stip- 1 followed by a blanked-out triangle. The mark (without the diamond) was used pling idea appears to have evolved about Owens-Illinois workers used an old mold “since 1954.” Peterson (1968:49) agreed the same time, and all this was conceived in from either the Illinois Pacific Glass Corp. with a beginning date of 1954 for the new conjunction with the Duraglas process. or the Illinois Pacific Coast Co. (both prede- mark. Both almost certainly referred to the Owens-Illinois continued the single- cessors to the Owens-Illinois Coast Co. and change that occurred in 1954. Although digit numeral/period system until 1946, both users of the triangle logo) to make the planning for the change had begun a year although the company began integrating a bottle. The 7 to the right of the Owens-Il- earlier, 1954 was the year that Owens-Illi- two-digit system as early as 1943, but the 43 linois mark is a date code for 1937 (the final nois Glass Co. became Owens-Illinois, Inc. date code is rare. That means 1940s bottles year the plant was open), so the mold had The conversion included a modification of may have either a 0 or 0. marking, but 1941 laid in storage at least seven years prior to the logo to the “‘I’ placed within a larger and 1942 are almost always marked 1. or its reuse. To remove all doubts, the factory ‘O’” (or oval). It was not until shareholders 2. Occasionally, these periods are difficult code 21 is for one of the two San Francisco voted at the company’s annual meeting on to see because they are concealed in the (former Illinois Pacific) plants. April 21, 1965, however, that the name was stippling, but periods are generally larger The bottom number on the logo also legally changed (Paquette 1994:147). As you than the stippling dots. Bottles made in requires a bit of discussion. Toulouse will see below, the transition was not nearly 1943-1946 may contain either single-digit (1971:403) noted that the bottom number as smooth as the official pronouncement numerals followed by periods or double- indicated “mold details.” However, Pa- would indicate. digit markings, such as a 4. or 44 for 1944 quette (1994:87-88) stated that after Prohi- Using empirical methods, Giarde (figure 1). bition “a simple code was devised. Num- (1980:80), discovered that the “diamond and In several cases, the initial 4 has been bers were used to identify the month and circle mark appears on milk bottles through added as an afterthought, frequently slight- year the bottle was manufactured and the 1956 with the new circle mark appearing on ly out of alignment with the other digits plant in which it was made. An appropri- 1957 milk bottles.” Giarde’s ideas set me associated with the logo. Occasionally, a ate logotype would be added to identify the looking through my soda bottles, and I dis- mold engraver forgot to change the code. glass company which produced the bottle.” covered the older diamond-oval-I marks Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 25 with date codes up to 58 (1958) and David of the engraver rather than as identifying to “skirt” markings by 1934 (see below). Whitten found one from 1959 (from factory marks from factories. The newer mark ap- This consists of a two-digit mold code #7)! Although currently unconfirmed, a pears in the first two styles but not the one followed by a manufacturer’s mark (in the date code of 60 (1960) in conjunction with with the serifs attached to the oval. In some case of Owens-Illinois, the earliest mark the older mark has been reported. The cases, especially on smaller bottles, the “I” with the elongated diamond) and the two- newer, I-in-an-oval marks, however, began is reduced to a dot. digit date code (to the right) all embossed at least as early as 1956 (a 56 date code), so on the narrowest constriction of the “skirt” there was a minimum of a three-year over- Coca-Cola Bottles or lower half of the bottle. In 1951, two lap. If we could find enough bottles with changes occurred simultaneously. The both types of marks from 1954 through An interesting exception to the usual date code migrated to the left, and the man- 1958, it would be interesting to see which markings is the date (and plant) codes on ufacturer’s mark moved to the base of the factories changed at which times. It may be the bases of Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola bot- bottle. The remaining embossing on the that some plants adopted the new system tles. The two major soft drink companies skirt was the two-digit date code, a dash (-), earlier than others. The Oval I mark con- (Coke and Pepsi) have both required bottle then the two-digit mold code on the right. tinued in use after the 1988 name change to makers to adhere to specific requirements These changes occurred about mid-year, so Owens-Brockway and is still used in 2005 in marking their respective bottles. For Coke bottles are found with both configu- (Powell 1990; Emhart 1996:49; 2005). a good survey of manufacturer’s marks, rations. Some Owens-Illinois-made Coke date codes, and other information associ- bottles actually used the standard Owens- Variations in the ated with Coke bottles, see the Coke Bottle Illinois format (e.g., 24 OI mark 4 – Porter (1996) by Bill Porter. Porter dis- 1996:4, 7). Owens-Illinois Code cussed where date codes and other marks The Owens-Illinois mark on Coke bot- are found and what to look for. Lockhart tles changed to the Oval-I mark about 1954 Owens-Illinois was very inconsistent (2000; 2003:34-37) consolidated known data (when it changed on other bottles – see with its date codes. My “key” holds true on dating the characteristics of Coca-Cola above). The final mark-related change most of the time, but neither it nor any oth- bottles. on Coke bottles occurred by at least 1953 er will be 100% accurate. The dot system Before making a connection with Ow- (probably in 1951), when Owens-Illinois be- was used on returnable bottles from 1940 to ens-Illinois, a few generalizations about gan placing a smaller single letter above the at least 1946. The earliest two-digit code I manufacturer’s marks on Coca-Cola bottles manufacturer’s mark to identify the plant have heard of or seen was 43 (1943). Occa- need to be examined. The earliest variation making the bottle. Factories and marks sionally (especially on whiskey bottles), the of the almost universally known “hobble- included A (Alton, Illinois); B (Bridgeton, code to the right of the logo does not make New Jersey); C (Charlotte, Michigan); F sense as a date code and should be ignored. (Fairmount, West Virginia); S (Streator, Illi- Other times, the plant and date codes are nois); and W (Waco, Texas) (Porter 1996:4). placed somewhere else – not in conjunction with the logo. On many flasks, the factory Pepsi-Cola Bottles and date codes are both to the left of the logo (separated by a dash) and are oriented I have seen no comparable work on perpendicular to the logo. More empirical Pepsi bottles, so I include my observations and historical research needs to be under- here (although Stoddard’s most recent taken on liquor-bottle codes, and Carol Serr book [2003] contains much helpful dating is currently collecting such data. and historical information). Prior to Pepsi’s As a slight aside, Giarde (1980:77-94) adaptation of Applied Color Label bottles devoted 17 pages to discussion about the (often called painted-label bottles or py- Owens-Illinois Glass Co. Along with spe- roglazing, in the case of milk bottles), the cifics about dating, he included a section company did not require any special cod- on the lightweight milk bottles (invented ing, so all early bottles are marked just like by Julian Harrison Toulouse), tables about any other bottle from the respective glass the dates on the lightweight bottles, discus- companies. However, beginning with the sions about each individual plant, and a first ACL fountain syrup bottle in 1943, all section on coffee creamers. Giarde is by far Pepsi bottles followed a specific format. the best reference for manufacturer’s marks Although I will use the Owens-Illinois on milk bottles. marks as examples, the same basic format Owens-Illinois also used the older mark applies to other companies as well (although (with the diamond) in three slightly differ- the earliest bottles followed the older for- ent variations. All three differences center Figure 2. Owens-Illinois Variations mats). On Pepsi bases, a line of numerals around the I inside the diamond. The first and a single letter appears above the logo. is a simple vertical line (sans serif lettering). skirt” bottle is marked PAT’D November The first one or two digits is an unknown The second style has two horizontal bars, 16, 1915. Many of these have no manu- code that may indicate the area of the coun- one attached to the top and one to the bot- facturer’s marks. When such marks are try (the only one I have seen in New Mex- tom of the “I” (serifs). The final style has present, they are usually on the heel of the ico and El Paso, Texas, is 14) followed by a the serifs but they are slightly upswept and bottle. Until 1934, the bottles made by Ow- single letter (all I have seen so far are either attached to the oval (figure 2). At this point, ens-Illinois maintained the standard Ow- A or B) followed by a two-digit date code. I have not been able to find a specific con- ens-Illinois marking system (e.g. 9 OI mark Generally, another single-digit number will nection between factories or time periods. 3) located on the heel. Virtually all glass appear to the left of the logo, and a single- These seem to have been used at the whim houses making Coke bottles had changed or double-digit number will be placed at

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 26 the right (figure 3). The right-hand num- FACTURED BY OWENS-ILLINOIS GLASS 38). These scars are caused by the suction ber is often (but not always) identical to COMPANY. One misstrike read MANU- process of drawing the glass into the mold, the date code or to the last digit of the date FACTUPED BY OWENS-ILLINOIS GLASS a technique that is unique to bottles made code. Also, either above or below the logo COMPANY. Subsequent evidence sug- by the Owens machine (on bottles made in and the line of code above it is a single letter gests that jars and bottles bearing the full the U.S.). As the glass was sucked into the name of the company were manufactured mold, it was sheared of by a “knife.” This for export. Such containers are found as far shearing action created the scar. These are away as New Zealand – embossed on the often described as “feathered” or “rough,” bodies with local company names (Lock- but that does not accurately describe all hart et al. 2005b). Owens scars. Although we currently have no documented evidence, empirical obser- Other Discrepancies vation suggests that this feathering may have been caused by dull knives. Over In a personal communication, Mike El- time, the feathering decreases until most ling noted that ca. 1944-1945 (World War Owens scars consist of only a single line. II) Owens-Illinois seems to have run short Probably, technicians learned to change of red pigment. Mike has a Royal Crown or sharpen the knives more frequently or pyramid bottle that is missing the red that some other technical discovery allowed for was typically used on the label. Billy Grice the more refined scar. Figure 3. Pepsi-Cola Owens-Illinois Mark, offered a yellow-only Squirt bottle on eBay On later bottles from the Owens com- 1944 Example. with a 1945 Owens-Illinois mark and date pany, for example, the scars consist of a code embossed on the base. He stated that roughly circular fine line. Usually, this line followed by a three- or four-digit number. “during the war many west coast bottlers is debossed or sunken into the glass (unlike This is probably a mold code, although the went to single colors.” It is probable that embossing and most mold lines which pro- meaning is currently unknown. red dye was in short supply during the end trude from the glass surface). However, the From looking at El Paso soda bottles, of World War II. Owens-Illinois may have Owens scar may be raised above the sur- it appears that plants 9 and 6 were the only experienced the shortage for the final face of the bottle. most active in making soda bottles with year or so of the war. The Owens scar is rarely centered on the older logo (1929-1959) (although soda One additional discrepancy is worth the base. It is often so off center that it ex- bottles were also made at plants 3, 18, 19, mentioning. In very small bottles, Owens- tends over the heel and onto the body of and 23). Plants 5, 7, 9, 15, and 20 made soda Illinois often left off the date, plant, and the bottle. This is especially true of smaller bottles with the newer logo (after 1955). mold codes completely; only the logo re- bottles, but the phenomenon also occurs on Oddly, Toulouse (1971:403) claimed that mained. Another exception was provided fairly large containers. “there were no plants 5 and 19.” However, by David Whitten. He sent information on those numbers appear (with highly legible several pharmaceutical bottles with OI lo- Conclusion embossing) on El Paso soda bottles. Two gos and dated paper labels, one of which different bottles bearing the I-in-an-oval- had the OI logo (no diamond) but only had Thus, we find that the Owens-Illinois superimposed-on-an-elongated-diamond a single-digit date code. The date code (5) coding system is a bit more complex and manufacturer’s mark bear a “19” in the matched the prescription date of 11/23/55. revealing than we originally thought. The space to the left of the logo. Similarly, one Apparently, on small (but not tiny) bottles, transition period between one- and two- container with the later I-in-an-oval mark the company reverted to a single-digit date digit date codes is usually clearly marked. shows a distinct “5” to the left of the logo. code to save space. David also has several This research confirms Toulouse’s date of It is clear that Toulouse was confused about more small bottles with the OI logo and a 1940 for the use of the Duraglas mark and plant #5. In his table (Toulouse 1971:395; single-digit date code. The abbreviated also sets a date (1940) for the use of stip- reproduced here as table 1), he lists plant date code was apparently pretty common pling on bottle bases by Owens-Illinois. #5 in Charlotte, Michigan, which opened on small bottles. In addition, Pepsi-Cola and Coca-Cola re- about 1963. Although he calls it an “old A final discrepancy was also noted by quired a slightly different date coding, and number reassigned,” it is likely a new plant Whitten (personal communication). This date codes were either eliminated or abbre- number that was skipped earlier. In a table concerned a slight difference in the Owens- viated on some smaller bottles. Owens-Il- provided to David Whitten by a representa- Illinois logo during the 1930s. The marks linois, however, was very inconsistent with tive from Owens-Illinois, however, factory tended to be “taller and larger, and the oval its coding. #19 is listed as being in Crenshaw, Pennsyl- is maybe a bit more ‘squared’ or ‘vertically vania. The table also included factory num- rectangular’ at least . . . compared with later bers as high as 52! Obviously, Toulouse ones.” By the 1940s, however, marks be- References only listed the earlier plants. came more refined and smaller. This trend toward reduction in line thickness and in- Creswick, Alice Exported Jars creased clarity of the mark and codes con- 1987 The Fruit Jar Works, Volume II, Listing tinued into the 1980s. Jars Made Circa 1900 to Modern. Privately Owens-Illinois also manufactured fruit printed, Grand Rapids, Michigan. jars. Creswick (1987:107-108) lists several Owens Scars jars made by Owens-Illinois and its Pacific Emhart Glass Coast subsidiaries. Jars were embossed on Owens scars, found on the bases 1996 The Emhart Book of Punt Marks. Em- the reverse heel MANUFACTURED BY of all bottles made by an Owens Automatic hart, Zurich, Switzerland. OWENS-ILLINOIS GLASS CO. or MFD. BY Bottle Machine, are discussed in numerous OWENS ILLINOIS GLASS CO. or MANU- publications (e.g. Jones & Sullivan 1989:37-

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 27 2005 “Punt Marks Guide” Emhart Glass Porter, Bill Stoddard, Bob Online. . 1996 Coke Bottle Checklist. Privately printed, 2003 The Big Nickel Drink: The Pepsi-Cola Sto- n. p. ry and a Lot More. Double Dot Enterprises, Giarde, Jeffery L. Claremont, California. 1980 Glass Milk Bottles: Their Makers and Powell, Jerry Marks. Time Travelers Press, Bryn Mawr, 1990 “Who Made the Bottle?” . 1971 Bottle Makers and Their Marks. Thomas Nelson, New York. GlassPac 2004 “Why is base stippling applied to glass containers?” . Jones, May REPRINT NOW AVAILABLE 1965 The Bottle Trail, Volume 5. Nara Vista, New Mexico.

Jones, Olive, and Catherine Sullivan 1989 The Parks Canada Glass Glossary for A Good Walk Around the the Description of Containers, Tableware, Flat Glass, and Closures. Parks Canada, Ottawa.

Lockhart, Bill Boundary 2000 Bottles on the Border: The History and Bottles of the Soft Drink Industry in El Paso, Texas, 1881-2000. Townsend Library, New Archeological Inventory of the Dyck and Other Mexico State University at Alamogordo. . Battlefield National Monument 2003 “Exploring the Chronology of Soft Drink Bottles from El Paso, Texas, Part 2: Embossed, Machine-Made Bottles from El Paso’s Three Largest Bottlers.” The Artifact By Douglas D. Scott and Peter Bleed 41:21-45.

2004 “The Dating Game: Owens-Illinois $10.00 + $2.00 s/h Glass Co.” Bottles and Extras 15(3):24-27.

Lockhart, Bill, Bill Lindsey, David Whitten, A special publication of the Nebraska Association of and Carol Serr 2005a “The Dating Game: The Illinois Glass Professional Archeologists and the Nebraska State Company.” Bottles and Extras 16(1):54-60. Historical Society.

Lockhart, Bill, Michael R. Miller, Bill Lind- sey, Carol Serr, and David Whitten Other back issues and membership information available at 2005b “The Dating Game: Illinois Pacific – A Division of the Illinois Glass Co.” Bottles www.nebraskahistory.org/archeo/napa. and Extras 16(2):in press.

Miller, George L., and Elizabeth A. Jor- gensen 1986 Some Notes on Bottle Mould Numbers from the Dominion Glass Company and its Pre- decessors. Parks Canada, Ottawa.

Paquette, Jack K. 1994 The Glassmakers: A History of Owens- Illinois, Incorporated. Trumpeting Angel Press, Toledo, Ohio.

Peterson, Arthur G. Please contact Kelli Bacon at [email protected]. 1968 400 Trademarks on Glass. Washington College Press, Takoma, Md. Nebraska Association of Professional Archeologists

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 28 Candidates’ Information 2006 SHA and ACUA Elections

The SHA Nominations and Elections 1990-1992; Lecturer in Behavioural Sci- a board member, my priorities would be Committee presented the following slate of ences, Mont Royal College, Calgary. Pro- twofold. First, given my experience as a candidates for elected office for the Society fessional Service: Board of Directors, Cen- university teacher, I would like to promote to the SHA Board of Directors; no nomi- tre d’initiation au patrimoine (1995-2005); the quality of teaching of historical archae- nations were received from the floor. The Board of Directors, Association des archéo- ology in the university setting and in pub- Advisory Council on Underwater Archae- logues du Québec (1991-1993); Board of lic education. Second, we have noticed by ology presented the following slate of can- Directors, Commission des biens culturels, holding its annual meetings outside the didates for elected office. All candidates comité avis et prise de position (1993-1997); U.S., The Society for Historical Archaeol- were asked to provide biographical infor- Editorial Board, Études Inuit Studies (1998- ogy has expanded its interests in other cul- mation and answer two questions specific 2002); Editorial Board, Post-Medieval Ar- tural areas and developed an openness to to the office sought. chaeology (2002-2005); Terrestrial Program diverse methods of practicing archaeology, Chair, SHA Conference, Québec City (2000). to the advantage of the Society and his- For SHA Board of Directors Teaching and Research Interests: archaeol- torical archaeology in general. As well, the ogy and archaeological field schools (at foreign host countries have benefited from (two positions) Université Laval); Arctic prehistory; North better visibility within SHA. As a board American native populations in prehistoric member, I would work to promote the or- Réginald Auger, PhD and historic times, specifically subsistence ganization of annual meetings in countries adaptation and cultural transfers between where historical archaeology needs greater Education: BSc, Anthropology, Univer- Natives and Europeans; the Frobisher voy- recognition. sity of Montréal, 1978; MA, Anthropology, ages; and sugar production in French Gui- Memorial University of Newfoundland, ana. Recent publications: “La formation James Bruseth, PhD, RPA 1983; PhD, Archaeology, University of Cal- de la relève en archéologie, un curriculum gary, 1989. Current Positions: Professor, De- en mutation,” Archéologiques 17:88-92; co- Education: BA, Business Management, partment of History, Université Laval, Qué- authored with G. Beaudoin, “Implications University of New Orleans, 1972; MA, An- of the mineralogy and chemical composi- thropology, Southern Methodist University, tion of lead beads from Frobisher’s assay 1982; PhD, Anthropology, Southern Meth- site, Kodlunarn Island, Canada: prelude odist University, 1986. Present Position: to Bre-X?” Can. J. Earth Sci./Rev. Can. Sci. Director of the Archeology Division at the Terre 41(6):669-681; co-authored with Y. Le Texas Historical Commission and Deputy Roux, “Étude archéologique de l’habitation Texas State Historic Preservation Officer; de Loyola à Rémire en Guyane française”, former board member of the National Con- Archéologiques 15:55-68; co-authored with ference of State Historic Preservation Offi- W. Moss, “The Archæology of Physical and Social Transformation: High Times, Low and Tourist Floods on Québec City’s Waterfront,” in The Archæology of Urban Landscapes: Explorations in Slumland, edited by Alan Mayne and Tim Murray, Cam- bridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001; co-authored with W. W. Fitzhugh, L. Gulla- son, A. Henshaw, D. Hogarth and D. Laey- endecker, “De-Centering Icons of History: Exploring the Archeology of the Frobisher Voyages and Early European-Inuit Con- tact,” in De-Centering the Renaissance: Canada and Europe in Multi-Disciplinary Perspective, 1500-1700, edited by Germaine Warkentin and Carolyn Podruchny, University of To- ronto Press, Toronto, 2001. bec City (1994-present); Director of CELAT, What do I believe I can contribute to Université Laval. Past Positions: program SHA if elected to the position of member cers (1993-1996). Research Interests: French director in archaeology, ethnology and mu- of the SHA board? What priorities would and Spanish colonial archaeology, both ter- seum studies, Université Laval (2001-2004); I emphasize, taking into consideration restrial and nautical. Recent Publications: consultant and lecturer, 1993, Québec City; SHA’s missions and goals, ongoing com- “The Shipwreck of La Salle’s La Belle,” in Social Sciences and Humanities Research mittee activities and the management and Unlocking the Past, University of Florida Council of Canada Postdoctoral Fellow financial challenges of the Society? As Press, Gainesville, 2005; From a Watery Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 29 Grave: The Discovery and Excavation of La Sal- heritage from federally sponsored construc- Adjunct Associate Professor, Classical and le’s Shipwreck, La Belle (with Toni S. Turner), tion projects. The SHA has been an ardent Near Eastern Studies, University of Minne- Texas A&M University Press, College Sta- advocate of protection of these national sota (1984-2001); Chief Archaeologist, Fort tion, 2005; “A Clash of Two Cultures: Presi- laws, and as a board member I will main- Snelling Restoration, Minnesota Historical dio La Bahía as a Deterrent to French Incur- tain that proactive stance. Furthermore, I Society (1975-1980). Professional Service: sion on the Texas Gulf Coast” (with Jeffery will support as much as possible an inter- Board of Directors, Register of Professional Durst and others), Historical Archaeology national inclusiveness in our membership, Archaeologists (SHA representative)(2000– 38(3):78-93, 2004; “Finding Sha’chahdínnih especially in regard to our Latin American present); President, Council on Alabama (Timber Hill): The Last Village of the Kado- colleagues. We all greatly benefit when Archaeology (2005–present); Program Co- hadacho in the Caddo Homeland” (with we share research with colleagues work- Chair, Joint Midwest Archaeological-Plains Mark Parsons, Jacques Bagur, S. Eileen ing in other countries and under differing Anthropological Conference (2000); Pro- Goldborer, and Claude McCrocklin), Plains legal and fiscal constraints. And most im- gram Chair, Joint Plains Anthropological- Anthropologist 47(182):231-249, 2003; “Dé- portantly for any position with the SHA, I Midwest Archaeological Conference (1976); couverte et Fouille de La Belle” (with Layne will devote the time and effort necessary to Chair, SHA Membership Committee (1998- Hedrick and John de Bry), in Cavelier de La serve the Society as diligently and effective- 2003); Chair, RPA Recruitment Committee Salle, L’Expédition de 1684, La Belle, edited by ly as possible. I have received numerous (2000–present). Research Interests: general Jean Boudriot, Collection Archéologie Na- benefits as an SHA member of many years, historical archaeology, military sites ar- vale Française, Paris, 2000. and look forward to the opportunity to give chaeology, industrial archaeology, cultural back to the Society through my service on resource management, petroglyph studies;. What do I believe I can contribute to the board. Recent Publications: “Pattern and Function SHA if elected to the position of mem- at the Jeffers Petroglyphs, Minnesota,” in ber of the SHA board? My experience in Robert A. Clouse, PhD, RPA The Rock Art of Eastern North America, edited archaeology has been diverse, including by Carol Diaz-Granados and James R. Dun- historic, prehistoric, and nautical projects. Robert A. Clouse, PhD, RPA. Educa- can, University of Alabama Press (2004), I have directed small to very large grant- tion: BA, Anthropology, Indiana State pp. 110-115; “Interpreting Archaeological funded research and CRM-based projects, University, 1970; MA, Anthropology, Uni- Data through Correspondence Analysis,” and have been actively involved in rais- versity of Illinois—Urbana-Champaign, Historical Archaeology, 33(2):90-107; “An- ing funds from both government agencies 1974; PhD, Anthropology, University of thropology in Service to Archaeology,” An- and private philanthropists for many of Illinois—Urbana-Champaign, 1996. Cur- thropology News, 40(4):41. my projects. My present position includes rent Positions: Executive Director, Univer- SHPO review of archaeological projects in sity of Alabama Museums, University of What do I believe I can contribute to Texas conducted under state or federal law, Alabama (2005–present); Director, Office SHA if elected to the position of member which gives me a broad perspective on the of the SHA board? Looking at the chal- range of archaeological work undertaken in lenges facing the Society in the new centu- a large and geographically diverse state. I ry, there has never been a more important will draw on my background and experi- time for individuals to lead the SHA with ence to further the objectives of the Society experience and perspectives from both the for Historical Archaeology, especially by teaching and the applied segments of our seeking a wide representation of our pro- field. Having officers of the Society that fessional community in the Society’s mem- can draw from such experience and multi- bership and activities. ple perspectives will serve the membership in helping to bring unity to our efforts that What priorities would I emphasize, are often wasted in divisive discourse. An taking into consideration SHA’s missions organization that offers attractive options and goals, ongoing committee activities to academic and applied historical archae- and the management and financial chal- ologists will attract greater membership lenges of the Society? I believe that mem- and greater membership participation in bership in our Society, attendance at our achieving its mission. annual meetings, and articles published in our journal should represent a broad range What priorities would I emphasize, of historical archaeologists. CRM-based taking into consideration SHA’s missions historical archeology, where in fact much and goals, ongoing committee activities work is conducted today, should be fully and the management and financial chal- represented. While our annual meetings lenges of the Society? In order to reach include many papers on CRM-based work, its full potential and express the diversity not enough of it is making its way onto the of research that is important in interpreting pages of Historical Archaeology. I believe we the archaeology of the historic period, the should find ways to encourage the publi- Society needs to maintain and expand its cation of a greater number of high-quality international focus. Historical archaeology articles from CRM-based historical archae- of Archaeological Research, University of is underrepresented in the academy and I ology. In addition, as a board member I Alabama (2001–present); Adjunct Profes- believe the Society should work towards will be watchful of attempts to modify our sor, Department of Anthropology, Uni- increasing representation in departments federal laws, particularly the National His- versity of Alabama (2001–present); Past offering graduate degrees in anthropology toric Preservation Act and its implementing Positions: Head, Archaeology Department, and other related fields. A broader instruc- regulations, that protect our archaeological Minnesota Historical Society (1980-2001); tional context of the scope and breadth of Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 30 archaeology that includes archaeology of vation Review Board (1997-2000); Board of Archaeologist, Research Associate, Archae- the historic period will result in new gen- Directors (SAA Representative), Register of ology Institute, University of West Florida eration of archaeologists with an improved Professional Archaeologists (2004-present); (2004-present). Past Positions: Lecturer, understanding of the full range of what con- Chair of Nominating Committee, Society Sociology Department, College of Southern stitute archaeological resources. Historical for American Archaeology (2004); Chair, Maryland (2004); Nautical Archaeologist, archaeologists are also underrepresented in RPA Task Force on Continuing Education Panamerican Consultants Inc., 1998-2003; government archaeological programs and (2006). Archaeologist, Field Supervisor, LaSalle regulatory agencies, including most SHPOs Shipwreck Project, 1996-1997. Research In- and many federal agencies, resulting in un- What do I believe I can contribute to equal treatment of historic archaeological SHA if elected to the position of member resources. I would work to help the Society of the SHA board? Using my past expe- develop mechanisms to assist federal and rience as a board member of the Society state agencies to make more comprehen- for American Archaeology (SAA), the sive resource management decisions that American Cultural Resources Association include the importance of historic-period (ACRA), and The Register of Professional archaeological sites to reduce the frequency Archaeologists (RPA) I will make every ef- of disregarding such resources largely be- fort to serve the Society for Historical Ar- cause they are recent and numerous. chaeology. I am excited to have the oppor- tunity to run for a board position at a time Donald J. Weir that the SHA is working hard to transition from a fully volunteer organization to one Education: MA, Anthropology, Michi- with a professional management team. I gan State University, 1979. Current Posi- fully understand the effort and commit- tion: President, Commonwealth Cultural ment needed to be a successful board mem- Resources Group, Inc. Since 1974, served ber. as project manager for more than 500 cul- tural resource management projects and What priorities would I emphasize, authored more than 100 technical reports. taking into consideration SHA’s missions After working for Gilbert/Commonwealth and goals, ongoing committee activities from 1974-1988, started Commonwealth and the management and financial chal- lenges of the Society? As a board member, my role would be to provide guidance to terests: Historical archaeology, nautical ar- the Society as it makes critical decision on chaeology, ship construction, culture con- the future of the organization. This would tact, maritime trade. Recent publications: include decisions of how to successfully co-authored with Sam Spiers, “Central continue the transition from a volunteer or- Region Project: Ongoing Research on Early ganization to one managed by a profession- Contact, Trade and Politics in Coastal Gha- al organization. This transition has serious na, AD 500-2000” 2004; co-authored with financial implications for the organization Steven James and Chuck Meide, Archaeo- and it will take considerable oversight to logical Data Recovery of the Iron-Hulled make it successful. Vessel Manuela and the Documentation A second important issue facing the So- of the Cristobál Colón, in San Juan Harbor, ciety is continuing professional education. Puerto Rico, 2003; co-authored with Chris- The SHA should work closely with the topher DeCorse, Ed Carr, and Sam Spiers, Register of Professional Archaeologists to “Central Region Project, Coastal Ghana: develop recommendations on this impor- Perspectives 2000,” 2000. tant issue. A final issue of importance is how does Given the qualifications and experi- Cultural Resources Group, Inc. in 1988. the Society function on an international ence outlined in your biographical state- Professional Service: Investment and Fi- scale.? What can be done to bring more in- ment, what do you believe you can con- nance Committee Member, Society for ternational members into the organization? tribute to SHA as a member of the 2006 American Archaeology (1992-1998 and If election to a board position I will work Nominations and Elections Committee? 1999-2000); Treasurer-Elect, Society for to support and expand these efforts. My work in historical archaeology has in- American Archaeology (2000), Treasurer, volved both academic and CRM research Society for American Archaeology (2001- For SHA Nominations on land and under water, with a geographic 2002); Treasurer, American Cultural Re- and Elections Committee focus spanning North America, the Carib- sources Association (1997-2002); Executive bean, and West Africa. This broad experi- Board Member, American Cultural Re- (two at-large positions) ence will serve well in navigating the issues sources Association (1995-2000); Member- and concerns relating to the Nominations ship Chairman, Society of Professional Ar- Gregory D. Cook, M.A. and Elections Committee, and help foster chaeologists (1996-1998); Executive Board a broader view of historical archaeology Member, Conference on Michigan Archae- Education: B.A., Anthropology, Indi- which will benefit SHA as an international ology (1987-1989 and 2000-2005); President, ana University, 1989; M.A., Anthropology, organization. Conference on Michigan Archaeology Texas A&M University 1997; ABD, Syra- (1989-1993); Michigan State Historic Preser- cuse University. Current Position: Nautical If elected to the 2006 Nominations and Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 31 Elections Committee, what are the prima- the North Carolina Department of Trans- Stacy Schneyder, MA ry issues that you would emphasize in the portation” (coauthored), In GIS and Archae- nominations process, taking into consider- ological Site Location Modeling. Archaeologi- Education: BS, Anthropology, Oregon ation SHA’s missions and goals, ongoing cal Testing, Mitigation, and Monitoring of the State University, 1998; MA, Cultural Re- committee activities, and the management Proposed Comfort Station, Stewart Warehouse, sources Management, Sonoma State Uni- and financial challenges of the Society? Altman Mill and Saltsburg Glass Factory versity, 2001. Current Position: Senior With the continuing growth of SHA and its – Saltsburg Canal Park, Saltsburg, Pennsylva- Historical Archaeologist/Project Manager, broader appeal to historical archaeologists nia, In Southwestern Pennsylvania Heritage Jones & Stokes, 2000-Present. Past Posi- across the globe, representing this progress Preservation Commission, Archeological tions: Field Director, University of Oregon/ through the nominations of its officers and Report No. 7, National Park Service. “GIS Oregon State Museum of Anthropology, representatives is a key goal. As a member in Historical Predictive Modeling: The Fort 2005; Field Director, Washington College, of the Nominations and Elections Commit- Drum Project” (coauthored), In Interpreting Chestertown, MD, 2002; Archaeologist, So- tee, I would work diligently to promote the Space: GIS in Archaeology. “Archaeological noma State University, 1998-2000; Archae- basic principles that helped define SHA Investigations at the Federal Correctional ologist, United States Forest Service, Willa- since its establishment in 1967, as well as Institution, Estill, Hampton County, South mette National Forest/Detroit District, OR, help foster in new ideas and personnel to Carolina” (coauthored), South Carolina An- 1997-1998. Professional Memberships and represent the Society’s expanding member- tiquities. ship base. Given the qualifications and experi- ence outlined in your biographical state- Benjamin Resnick, M.A., RPA. ment, what do you believe you can con- tribute to SHA as a member of the 2006 Education: B.A., Anthropology, Univer- Nominations and Elections Committee? I sity of Maryland, 1980; M.A., Anthropolo- have been involved in historical archaeolo- gy/Public Service Archaeology, University gy for nearly 25 years as a student, teacher, of South Carolina, 1984. Current Position: and public service archaeologist working Cultural Resources Manager, GAI Consul- in the Mid-Atlantic region, Southeast, and tants, Inc. (1989-present). Past Positions: California. In that time, I have developed Principal Investigator, Louis Berger & As- a broad perspective of our discipline and sociates, Inc. (1986-1989); Senior Archae- have established relationships with many ologist, Archaeological Advisory Group individuals practicing historical archaeolo- (1985-1986); Senior Archaeologist, Scientific gy in both the academic and applied fields. I have also served on numerous regional and national organizations including the SHA and SOPA/RPA. As Vice President of the Pennsylvania Archaeology Council, I also presently service as Chairperson of the Membership and Ethics Committee. I hope to have an opportunity to draw upon this Activities: Society for Historical Archaeol- experience and these diverse contacts as a ogy (member, 1997-present), 2005 Confer- member of the Nominations and Elections ence Local Arrangements Chair, Sacramen- Committee. to, Conference Committee (2003-present), Membership Committee (2001-present), If elected to the 2006 Nominations Editorial Advisory Committee (2005-pres- and Elections Committee, what are the ent); Society for California Archaeology primary issues that you would empha- (member, 1998-present), Treasurer (2003- size in the nominations process, taking 2005), Conference Committee (2003), Mem- into consideration SHA’s missions and bership Committee Chair (2000-2003), Stu- goals, ongoing committee activities, and dent Paper Award Committee (2003-2005); the management and financial challenges Society for American Archaeology (mem- of the Society? If elected, my hope is to ber, 1999-present). Research Interests: 19th- broaden the appeal of historical archaeol- century labor camps in the American west, ogy and the SHA by focusing on dissemi- consumerism and material culture in urban nating the results of our work to the public neighborhoods, using Geographic Informa- Resource Surveys (1980-1981). Professional at large. As such, I would work for a slate tion Systems in archaeological analysis. Service: Mid-Atlantic Current Research Co- of candidates that represents individuals ordinator, SHA Newsletter (1997-present); with experience and an interest in public Given the qualifications and experi- Vice President, Pennsylvania Archaeologi- education and interpretation. This would ence outlined in your biographical state- cal Council (PAC) (2004-present); Member- undoubtedly enhance SHA’s visibility and ment, what do you believe you can con- ship/Certification Committee, SOPA/RPA importance while strengthening our overall tribute to SHA as a member of the 2006 (1995-2000). Research Interests: Urban organization. Nominations and Elections Committee? archaeology, public archaeology, GIS and I feel a deep lifelong commitment to the predictive modeling. Selected Publications: SHA and strive to be an integral part of the “A GIS-Based Archaeological Predictive organization and to contribute to the con- Model and Decision Support System for tinued success of the Society. My extensive

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 32 involvement in archaeology and cultural 1983. Current Position: Senior Historical resources management and my role as Lo- Archaeologist, California Department of For Advisory Council on cal Arrangements Chair for the 2006 SHA Transportation (2001-present). Past Posi- Conference in Sacramento has allowed me tions: Associate Historical Archaeologist, Underwater Archaeology to develop a widespread network of col- California Department of Transportation, (three positions) leagues in the U.S. and abroad—on both Sacramento (1991-2001); Lecturer, Anthro- land and sea. Having served as an Execu- pology 2, College of the Redwoods, Fort tive Officer of the SCA and as last year’s Bragg (1999); Associate State Archaeologist, Marc-André Bernier SHA Annual Meeting Local Arrangements California Office of Historic Preservation Chair, I can offer the experience of recogniz- (1989-1991); Archaeologist, INFOTEC Re- Education: BA, Classical Studies, Uni- ing the skill set and attributes of an effective search, Inc. (1984-1989); Consulting Archae- versity of Ottawa, 1986; MA, Greek Archae- board member. Consequently, I have been ologist (1979-present). Professional Service: ology, University of Ottawa, 1990; Diploma fortunate to develop professional relation- USA—Pacific West editor for SHA Newslet- (1st cycle), Educational Sciences, Univer- ships with highly motivated, management- ter (2006); Terrestrial Program Chair, SHA sité du Québec en Abitibi-témiscamingue, savvy, experienced professionals in our 2006 Annual Meeting; Contributing Editor, 1988. Current Position: Senior Underwa- field who would be an asset to the SHA Society for California Archaeology News- ter Archaeologist, Parks Canada Agency Board. I will work in unison with the cur- letter. Research Interests: cultural contact; (1999-present). Past Positions: Underwater rent Board of Directors while incorporating households; labor; ethnicity; method and Archaeologist, Parks Canada Agency (1990- input from the SHA membership to iden- theory. Publications: volume editor, “Dar- 1999). Professional Service: Underwater tify a slate of candidates that are commit- ing Experiments: Issues and Insights about Program coordinator for SHA Québec ted to maintaining the excellence that the Utopian Communities,” Historical Archae- meeting (2000); Nautical Archaeology Ser- SHA is recognized for, are passionate about ology 40(1); volume editor, “Communities vice (NAS) Senior Tutor for Parks Canada historical archaeology, and dedicated to de- Defined by Work: Life in Western Work (1999-today) and NAS International Tutor veloping methods to improve the operation Camps,” Historical Archaeology 36(3); “The Instructor (2000-present). Research Inter- of the organization. ‘Poor Man’s Mill:’ A Rich Vernacular Leg- ests: hipwrecks in New France; 17th-cen- acy,” Industrial Archaeology 30(2):5-23; and tury ship construction; anchors; submerged If elected to the 2006 Nominations and others. cultural resource management; outreach in Elections Committee, what are the pri- underwater archaeology; site formation. mary issues that you would emphasize in Given the qualifications and experi- the nominations process, taking into con- ence outlined in your biographical state- Given the qualifications and experi- sideration SHA’s missions and goals, on- ment, what do you believe you can con- ence outlined in your biographical state- going committee activities, and the man- tribute to SHA as a member of the 2006 ment, what do you believe you can con- agement and financial challenges of the Nominations and Elections Committee? tribute to the ACUA/SHA if elected? My Society? I will emphasize the importance My background is in CRM, but I have broad background of working with a well-estab- of the fiscal responsibility of the organiza- contacts across the profession and in the lished government organization promoting tion along with the continued oversight of academy through publishing, professional the highest standards possible in under- our management organization. I will strive activities, and annual meeting participa- water archaeology, while at the same time to nominate individuals who are commit- tion. I will seek thoughtful and commit- being responsible within that organization ted to financial responsibility while main- ted candidates drawn from academic and for the educational program for avoca- taining the overall goals of the Society and professional circles to develop slates that tional archaeologists, has given me some increasing member involvement in the or- reflect our diversity and evolving goals. tools to help address the priorities I feel the ganization. ACUA/SHA is faced with (standards and If elected to the 2006 Nominations and outreach). In recent years, I have actively Thad M. Van Bueren, MA, RPA Elections Committee, what are the prima- worked to the best of my capacities to help ry issues that you would emphasize in the underwater archaeologists establish and Education: BA, Anthropology, San nominations process, taking into consider- Francisco State University, 1978; MA, An- ation SHA’s missions and goals, ongoing thropology, San Francisco State University, committee activities, and the management and financial challenges of the Society? As we move from a purely volunteer orga- nization to a professionally managed one, it will be crucial to find candidates who are strongly committed to professional service, understand and have a concrete vision for meeting the diverse and changing needs of the membership, and bring experience in business management to the table. I think it is important to draw upon our varied regional and professional experiences to keep the Society strong and responsive. I will also give consideration in my screen- ing efforts to the level of institutional sup- port candidates bring to the table, since that will influence how much energy they can devote to their service.

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 33 develop programs outside of North Ameri- munity. His thesis, “The Life and Times of for federal and state agencies and now man- ca. The experience I acquired doing so can a Merchant Sailor: The Archaeology and age a submerged cultural resources firm. I help the ACUA/SHA in its quest to extend History of the Norwegian Ship Catharine,” feel that I can be a voice and bring together its international network and to establish was subsequently published in the Plenum the ideas of managers, professionals, avo- itself as a promoter and perhaps a facilita- Series in Underwater Archaeology in 2003. cationals, and students, all of whom have tor of high-quality training in underwater Burns worked as an archaeologist on the a stake in national and international under- archaeology, a need stated by the Annex of CSS Hunley recovery off Charleston, SC be- water archaeology decision making. the UNESCO Convention for the Protection fore moving to St. Augustine, FL to work of Underwater Cultural Heritage. If elected, what priorities would you emphasize taking into consideration If elected, what priorities would you ACUA/SHA’s missions and goals, ongo- emphasize taking into consideration ing committee activities, and the man- ACUA/SHA’s missions and goals, ongo- agement and financial challenges of the ing committee activities, and the manage- Society? Reading through the ethical prin- ment and financial challenges of the Soci- ciples of the Society for Historical Archae- ety? One of the more important challenges ology, Principle 7 stands out clearly in my the ACUA/SHA is faced with is that of de- mind. It states that it is our responsibility fending and promoting its ethical standards to educate and engage private citizens in and professional rigor. This is particularly the ongoing process of archaeological re- true in underwater archaeology where the search and resource protection. I would discipline is constantly challenged by ac- hope to expand the public education goals tivities with unacceptable ethics and stan- of the SHA/ACUA through more targeted dards using underwater archaeology as a publications, the involvement and support promotional façade. The SHA/ACUA has of the underwater avocational community worked hard on this issue in the past, par- for the Lighthouse Archaeological Maritime and the expansion and updating of the ticularly in the last few years, but it remains Program (LAMP). From 2000-2003, Burns ACUA underwater archaeology Web site. the main priority. Actions to be continued served as LAMP’s Director of Conservation By keeping a well-maintained and updated or initiated to address this priority include: and participated in all facets of the under- Web site, we will be able to “get the word active promotion of the ratification of the water archaeology program. Burns was out” about our programs and research and UNESCO Convention for the Protection of also fortunate to assist on the 2002 CSS Ala- draw people back to the site with fresh con- Underwater Cultural Heritage; support for bama project off Cherbourg, France. Burns tent. I would also like to see the principle the training of professionals in emerging served as the first underwater archaeolo- of education expanded to include publicly countries where new underwater archae- gist hired by the Georgia Department of elected and appointed officials at the local, ology programs and organizations are be- Natural Resources from 2003-2006 and was county, and state level whose opinions and ing created or fighting to survive; and the responsible for building a statewide under- efforts affect cultural resource management promoting of dissemination of high-qual- water archaeology program for Georgia. on a day-to-day basis. ity research in the discipline of underwater Burns currently serves as the Maritime Ar- archaeology through publication and lec- chaeology Principal Investigator/Project Susan B.M. Langley tures. Manager for Southeastern Archaeological At the same time, the SHA/ACUA Research Inc., Maritime Division, and is re- Education: BA cum laude, Anthropol- must continue to pursue an aggressive out- sponsible for all aspects of the underwater ogy, 1980, Trinity College, University of To- reach program targeting not only the gen- archaeology contracting process. eral public, but also the sport divers that Burns’ professional research has fo- are in direct contact with the underwater cused on submerged cultural resources archaeological sites. A better integration management and public education, while of the underwater avocational community his personal research focuses on 19th-centu- within the SHA conference would also be ry merchant fleets and their transition from encouraged. This balance between pursu- sail to steam and the expansion of world ing higher standards and sending an acces- commerce by shipping nations after 1850. sible message to the public is a difficult one, Burns is also the founder and Webmaster of but one that is central to the mission of the , an underwater archaeology and maritime history jobs site. Burns cur- Jason Burns rently serves on the Board of the Society for Georgia Archaeology and is a member of Jason Burns is a Navy veteran. BA, the Coastal Georgia Archaeological Society Anthropology, University of Florida, 1996. and the Florida Anthropological Society. MA, History/Historical Archaeology spe- cializing in underwater archaeology, Uni- Given the qualifications and experi- versity of West Florida (UWF) 2000. Burns ence outlined in your biographical state- worked on the 1997/98 excavations of the ment, what do you believe you can con- 16th-century Emanuel Point ship in Pensac- tribute to the ACUA/SHA if elected? I feel ola before focusing his thesis on a Norwe- that I can contribute my views and knowl- gian shipwreck and its socioeconomic links edge of submerged cultural resources from with Pensacola’s historic Norwegian com- a well-rounded perspective. I have worked Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 34 ronto; MA, Archaeology, 1983 University of cational institutions, museums, nonprofit cal Diving Unit, University of St Andrews Calgary; PhD, Archaeology, 1994, Univer- organizations, and the private sector. This (1992-1998); Archaeologist, Archaeologi- sity of Calgary; Certif. Heritage Resource experience will be useful in assisting to de- cal Diving Unit, University of St Andrews Management, Environmental Design, 1990, velop the creative approaches necessary to (1988-1992); Archaeological Scientist, The University of Calgary. Current Positions: address the organizational and fiscal chal- Mary Rose Trust (1984-1988); Environmen- Maryland State Underwater Archaeologist lenges that face the ACUA/SHA. With a tal Archaeologist, The Mary Rose Trust (1994-present); Adjunct Professor, Sociol- background heavy in law and legislation, (1983); Assistant Environmental Archaeol- ogy and Anthropology, St. Mary’s College including instructing police classes in cul- ogist, The Mary Rose Trust (1982-1983); Div- of Maryland (2002-present); Master Scuba tural resource law and almost 10 years on ing Finds Supervisor, The Mary Rose Trust Diver Trainer (PADI) providing instruction the SHA’s Governmental Affairs Commit- (1981-1982); Diving Finds Assistant, The through the physical education programs tee, I anticipate being of service to both the Mary Rose Trust (1980-1981); Archaeologists at Salisbury University, St. Mary’s Col- Society and the Council in addressing the Assistant, West Yorkshire County Council lege of Maryland, Washington College and ongoing issues of resource protection and Archaeological Unit (1979-1980); Archaeo- public venues, such as the Severna Park effective management. logical Supervisor, Department of Archae- YM/YWCA and Bowie Sport Fit, as well ology, University of Manchester (1979); as private classes. Past Positions: Session- If elected, what priorities would you Archaeological Excavator, Department of al Instructor, Anthropology, Washington emphasize taking into consideration Extra-Mural Studies, University of Man- College (2004); Adjunct Professor, Ancient ACUA/SHA’s missions and goals, ongo- chester (1979-1979). Professional Service: Studies, University of Maryland, Baltimore ing committee activities, and the manage- Europae Archaeologiae Consilium Under- County (2000); Adjunct Professor, Anthro- ment and financial challenges of the Soci- water Archaeology Management Working pology, Salisbury University (2000). Major ety? In 2001, the ACUA drafted vision and Group member (2002-present); Institute of professional service: SHA Governmental mission statements and initiated work on Field Archaeologists: Member of Council, Affairs Committee (1997-present); SHA a strategic plan. I believe that these ought Nominations Committee (2004); SHA Un- to be revisited, updated to reflect current derwater Program Co-chair (2003); SHPO concerns and goals, and then finalized to representative for Emergency Regional Re- provide guidance and milestones toward sponse Team (1999-present); appointed to achieving those goals. The latter should the Maritime Committee Executive of the continue to include seeking parity of con- Maryland Historical Society (2000-present); sideration between, and protection for, planned, organized and co-hosted a Wood- terrestrial and submerged archaeological en Ships Conference (2001). Research In- sites, as consistently as possible in light of terests: maritime/underwater archaeology, the increasingly international membership heritage legislation and law; historic and and stature of both the Society and Coun- archaeological textiles and textile technol- cil. The ACUA currently undertakes some ogy. Recent publications: articles/chapters advocacy activities toward the preserva- in: Maryland Online Encyclopedia, prepared tion of submerged heritage resources but by the Maryland Historical Society, and these could be increased and expanded to posted at: (2005), Medi- include arguing for fiscal support for pro- terraneum IV (2004), Submerged Cultural grams under threat and restoration of pro- Resource Management, Preserving and Inter- grams previously lost. The ACUA needs preting Our Sunken Maritime Heritage (2003), to work cooperatively with the SHA to ex- International Handbook of Underwater Archae- plore creative avenues toward long-term ology (2002), British Museum Encyclopaedia of fiscal solvency for both groups. While these Underwater and Maritime Archaeology (1997), three areas should be priorities, the Council Flowing Through Time Exploring Archaeol- should continue its roles in education and ogy Through Humans and Their Aquatic En- outreach, dissemination of information and (September 1992—October 1995), Member, vironment, Proceedings of 36th Chacmool data, and striving to ensure underwater ar- Validation Committee Member (1993-1995), Conference (2003), and Managing Canada’s chaeological research is undertaken always Hon. Editor (September 1992—September Heritage Resources, A Legal Guide, co-author to the highest possible professional and 1994), Hon. Sec., Maritime Affairs Special Allan Ingelson, Associate Dean of Law, ethical standards. Interest Group, IFA (1991-1993); University University of Calgary is preparing to go to of St Andrews: Director of Scottish Mari- press; site reports and other gray literature Ian Oxley time Studies Development Association, have not been included. Sec., Scottish Institute of Maritime Studies Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Management Committee, Scottish Institute Given the qualifications and experi- London, Fellow of the Society of Antiquar- of Maritime Studies Postgraduate Liaison ence outlined in your biographical state- ies of Scotland. Education: BSc, University Officer (1991-1992, 1993-1994); Maritime ment, what do you believe you can con- of East London 1987; MSc, University of Fife, Director, University of St Andrews, tribute to the ACUA/SHA if elected? In St Andrews 1998; PhD Candidate, Heriot- (1994—1998); Heriot-Watt University: Re- addition to being able to offer input from Watt University 1998-present. Current search Student Rep., Staff/Postgraduate the perspective of more than a decade of Position: Head of Maritime Archaeology, Student Committee, (1999- 2000), Founder submerged heritage resource management English Heritage (2002 -present). Past Posi- and Director (2000-2001), Mari- at the state level, I have enjoyed more than tions: Assistant Inspector of Ancient Monu- time Archaeology Project; Nautical Archae- average success in forging partnerships ments, Historic Scotland (2001-2002); Re- ology Society: Training Programme man- and agreements between diverse state search Assistant, University of St Andrews ager (1986-1988), Tutor (1985-present), NAS and federal agencies, as well as with edu- (1998-2001); Deputy Director, Archaeologi- Executive Committee Member (1986-1991), Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 35 NAS Sub-Committee on Training mem- ACUA/SHA in furthering its managerial ACUA/SHA in furthering its managerial ber (1989-1992), Founder/developer NAS efficiencies, as well as its future financial efficiencies, as well as its future financial Training Programme (1985), NAS Part II prospects. prospects. Project/Reports Co-ordinator (1989-1993). Research Interests: marine historic environ- If elected, what priorities would you Matthew A. Russell ment management, environment of historic emphasize taking into consideration shipwreck sites. ACUA/SHA’s missions and goals, ongoing Matthew A. Russell has been an ar- committee activities, and the management chaeologist with the National Park Service Given the qualifications and experi- and financial challenges of the Society? Submerged Resources Center (SRC) since ence outlined in your biographical state- I see the role of education, ethics, and ef- 1993. His education includes an MA in ment, what do you believe you can con- ficiency as being of paramount importance. Maritime History and Nautical Archaeolo- tribute to the ACUA/SHA if elected? I In the area of ethics this is not only about re- gy from East Carolina University and a BA have over 25 years experience of UK mari- sponses to the treasure hunters, it is about in Cultural Anthropology from University time archaeology covering a time of rapid solidifying the values that maritime archae- of California-Santa Barbara. Since 1993, he and significant change in our understand- ology, as a truly multidisciplinary, and con- has participated in or directed more than ing of the wider value and significance of stantly evolving undertaking needs to em- 30 projects in national park areas, and for our submerged heritage, and most impor- brace in order to fulfill our responsibilities state, federal, and international agencies. tantly of its fragility. During that time I to the public, as well as to our profession. He was Deputy Field Director for the H. have developed widespread contacts in the We need to be open to a multi-faceted and L. Hunley Recovery Project in 2000 and is UK and European maritime archaeological coordinated approach to education—one Project Director for the USS Arizona Pres- sector and I would plan to use those net- that continues to strive for both innovation, ervation Project. He has been a member works to enable the ACUA/SHA to widen and the proliferation of schemes and prod- of the Society for Historical Archaeology the debate on the issues it deals with in de- ucts for the public. It is important to not since 1992, is past Chair of SHA’s UNESCO veloping the discipline, raising awareness, only overcome many of the stereotypes as- and increasing the protection of the under- sociated with our endeavors, but also high- water cultural heritage of the world. light the work of our peers—professional and avocational alike. An inclusive view, If elected, what priorities would you sensitive to ethical standards, as well as the emphasize taking into consideration needs of community focus groups touched ACUA/SHA’s missions and goals, ongoing by our work is crucial in the creation of any committee activities, and the management “grass-roots” support. One other area that I and financial challenges of the Society? can contribute is the area of institutional ef- My priority would be helping to ensure ficiency. The larger organizations become, that the ACUA/SHA has access to the best the more bogged down in procedure they possible advice and information to achieve become. Using technological solutions, we its objective of being an international ad- have the ability to establish ways to allow visory organization to educate scholars, board members to concentrate their efforts governments, sport divers, and the general on outreach and lobbying rather than re- public about underwater archaeology and cord keeping. This should not be an after- the preservation of underwater resources. thought, but instead a prerequisite for both the initiation and sustenance and mainte- Nathan Richards nance of communication and growth for the ACUA. Given the qualifications and experi- Committee, and is currently Vice Chair of ence outlined in your biographical state- Given the qualifications and experi- the Advisory Council for Underwater Ar- ment, what do you believe you can contrib- ence outlined in your biographical state- chaeology (ACUA). In addition to a variety ute to the ACUA/SHA if elected? I have ment, what do you believe you can contrib- of monographs on SRC’s work in national had many varied experiences in my career ute to the ACUA/SHA if elected? I have parks, Matt has published in Historical Ar- so far, from working from within avoca- had many varied experiences in my career chaeology, Journal of Field Archaeology, and tional groups, training the public in com- so far, from working from within avoca- International Journal of Nautical Archaeol- munity education schemes, consultancies tional groups, training the public in com- ogy. He is currently pursuing a PhD at the in Australia and China, working for state munity education schemes, consultancies University of California-Berkeley where cultural heritage management agencies, in Australia and China, working for state he is integrating maritime and terrestrial and in the area of education within tertiary cultural heritage management agencies, archaeology into a synthetic collaboration institutions (Australia and the USA). This and in the area of education within tertiary to examine culture contact between the diversity of experience has reinforced the institutions (Australia and the USA). This shipwrecked crew of a Spanish Manila Gal- need for the marketing of the ACUA and diversity of experience has reinforced the leon and indigenous Coast Miwok in Point SHA to all of the people that populate any need for the marketing of the ACUA and Reyes, California in 1595. of the sectors of the heritage industry, and SHA to all of the people that populate any in particular the maritime heritage commu- of the sectors of the heritage industry, and Given the qualifications and experi- nity. I would also hope that the difference in particular the maritime heritage commu- ence outlined in your biographical state- in perspective that emerges from my inter- nity. I would also hope that the difference ment, what do you believe you can con- national connections could also contribute in perspective that emerges from my inter- tribute to the ACUA/SHA if elected? I was to new and creative ways to benefit the national connections could also contribute originally elected to the ACUA in 2002, and to new and creative ways to benefit the elected as Vice Chair in 2005. Continuing Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 36 as ACUA’s Vice Chair, my contributions to ACUA/SHA would focus on supporting ACUA’s current initiatives and expanding Exhibiting Archaeology a stewardship-based approach. I believe one of archaeology’s primary roles is stew- Jared Leonard, Graduate Student, University of Maryland ardship and maximizing resource pres- ervation. My position with the NPS and service with SHA and ACUA has given me Museums have long served as a home the area are unaware of the existence of considerable experience with archaeologi- for anthropological research. They still slavery in colonial Massachusetts (Piersen cal stewardship and conducting problem- serve as the public face of anthropology, 1988). In discussing African-American his- oriented field work within a management reaching a much larger audience than aca- tory, archaeology has the ability to inform framework. As a member of the SHA and demia does (Shackel 2005; Thomas 2000; us where written history is inadequate, if ACUA, my principal contributions have Haas 2000, 1996). Here I would like to not simply unavailable, by providing data been to advocate for submerged archaeo- provide some insight into the process of from which to draw conclusions rather than logical resources in matters ranging from exhibit design for would-be exhibitors who conjecture (LaRoche 2005; Ferguson 1992). public education and research to ethical lack museology experience. I will address Before an exhibit can proceed, exhibi- considerations. Threats to worldwide ar- the topics of theme selection, assessment of tors and their client must agree upon the chaeological sites are increasing, especially resources, writing text, and layout design. message to be conveyed. This process may to those underwater. It is unacceptable that Of these, the theme addressed in the exhibit pose problems in the case of more contro- archaeological sites under water, especially is paramount. As anthropologists our goal versial topics, although controversy is not historical shipwrecks, are treated differ- should not be to display artifacts simply for necessarily something to avoid. The topics ently than sites on land. Archaeologists, their own sake, but to use exhibits to com- of race, class, and gender are all well suited both maritime and terrestrial, should work municate archaeological ideas to the audi- to discussion through public displays of towards parity for archaeological sites ence. artifacts (Shackel 2005). Other factors to on land and under water in international During the summer of 2005, I worked consider in selecting a theme include space, preservation law and policy. In addition, as a curatorial intern at Plimoth Plantation. location, intended audience, and the collec- I believe it important to enhance our efforts This museum serves as a repository for arti- tion in question. The topic must suit the lo- to bring our work to the public through an facts from dozens of archaeological sites in cation and the audience. Exhibits in a pub- expanded focus on education, including southern New England. The development lic area are suited to a broad topic, which increasing our Web presence and taking of exhibits for two sites served as my main will be more interesting and understand- advantage of opportunities presented by project over the course of nine weeks. One, able to the general public. Within a mu- digital media. the exhibit at the Historic Winslow House seum, a more tailored subject may be ap- in Marshfield, MA, serves as my example propriate. Choosing an appropriate theme If elected, what priorities would you in discussing design concepts. The Win- will give an exhibit focus and thus sustain emphasize taking into consideration ACUA/SHA’s missions and goals, ongo- slow house was constructed between 1699 the interest of the audience (Clarke 1997). ing committee activities, and the manage- and 1724 by Isaac Winslow, whose promi- Lastly, the subject and the objects used to ment and financial challenges of the So- nent family counted governors, lawyers, represent it must match. An assemblage of ciety? In addition to preservation issues, judges, doctors, and military officers in its fine imported porcelains, for example, is of ACUA should continue to narrow the gap numbers. Since 1920 the building has been little use in discussing the lives of working- between terrestrial and maritime archaeo- operated by the Historic Winslow House class immigrants. logical method and theory. Regardless of Association in order to commemorate the Artifacts and images must be assessed the physical environment, historical ar- Winslows. During 2002, the area surround- with an eye for exhibition. The presence chaeologists have fundamentally similar ing the house was excavated by the Center of several hundred individual pieces of ce- questions and expectations about the ma- for Cultural and Environmental History at ramic allows us to infer many things about terial record. We need to accelerate the the University of Massachusetts at Boston. the social and economic status of a site’s movement toward integration of terrestrial The assemblage collected was typical for the occupants, but it is the most visually en- and maritime archaeology in practice and property’s period of occupation (Howlett- gaging pieces that will draw an audience’s in our professional forums, journals, and Hayes et al. 2004; Goldstein 2005, 1998). attention. Everyday items might not oth- conferences. The ACUA should continue The museum is altering several of its erwise receive any public attention, and it to actively work with SHA and RPA, as exhibit rooms in order to interpret the lives is important to consider their inclusion in well as international bodies such as ICO- of the Winslows’ servants and slaves, the addition to more rare finds (Dahl and Stade MOS, to develop professional standards for subject of my exhibit as well. The heteroge- 2000). Even the most eloquent and well-re- maritime archaeology. In addition, one of nous group serving the Winslows included searched text may fail as an exhibit without ACUA’s most exciting initiatives is to in- indentured Irish and British servants and the proper artifacts to illustrate concepts. crease student participation at SHA confer- ences by sponsoring a student paper award African and Native American slaves. In Assessment of the archaeological collection and a student reception, as well as hosting 1760, General John Winslow’s manservant, available will be an exhibitor’s first task, roundtable luncheons aimed at a student Britton Hammon, became the first enslaved either prior to or simultaneously with the audience. Investigating creative outlets for person to publish a book in America with selection of a theme. If the agency sets the fostering student interest and active partici- his A Narrative of the Uncommon Sufferings, exhibit’s theme, the designer may be faced pation in the Society should continue. At and Surprising Deliverance of Briton Hammon. with the complex task of adapting a collec- the same time, the ACUA needs to continue A Negro Man, - Servant to General Winslow, tion which is not ideally suited. to work with SHA to increase fundraising of Marshfield, in New England, who Returned The Winslow House presented the chal- efforts to achieve and maintain economic to Boston, After Having Been Absent Almost lenge of tying specific artifacts to members self-reliance. Thirteen Years. Today, many residents of of two distinct social classes occupying a

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 37 single space and time. A cowrie shell sug- used to underline social divisions within Haas, Jonathan gests an African presence in the house. A the household. Objects to the left of the case 2000 Archaeology in the Contemporary Mu- small gaming piece carved from a shard were probably used by the servants. Those seum. NAPA Bulletin 20, University of Cali- of creamware was likely used by someone on the right were likely used by the Win- fornia Press. who could not afford a manufactured one, slows. Between the two, toward the front of which indicates use by a servant rather the case, is the gaming piece, created from ---. 1996 Power, Objects, and a Voice for An- than one of the Winslows. For most arti- a dish used by the Winslows, but employed thropology. Current Anthropology 37(sup- facts, however, class connection was more by the servants. Note the placement of the plement): S1-S22 February. tenuous. For instance, all members of the smaller pieces to the front of the case, aid- household used redware bowls in a variety ing viewing. Larger objects were placed to Howlett-Hayes, Katherine et al. of ways. Furthermore, the Winslows ate off the rear, where they would not block sight 2004 Initial Survey and Identification of Ar- of creamware, but servants prepared the lines to other objects or to the texts. chaeological Resources at the Historic Winslow food served on that creamware. Acknowl- Effective display of artifacts and associ- House in Marshfield, Massachusetts. Center edging this dual identity in the accompany- ated text is key in maximizing the ability of for Cultural and Environmental History, ing text was vital. Some archaeologists take the modern museum to speak for historical University of Massachusetts, Boston. the position that separating artifacts along archaeology and anthropology in general. racial and social lines in such contexts is a In order to achieve this goal, exhibit design- LaRoche, Cheryl J. nearly impossible task (Beaudry 2005; Chan ers must keep in mind the strengths and 2005 Heritage, Archaeology, and African 2005; Goldstein 2005). Most of the artifacts weaknesses of this rarified medium. While American History. SAA Archaeological Re- in the Winslow collection were small and the presentation of in-depth, technical in- cord 5(2):34-37. fragmented. The Winslow artifacts were formation may not be appropriate, there is collected from test pits in a field which the potential for broad public appeal. The Piersen, William D. were subject to freezes and thaws as well as most important piece of advice I can give in 1988 Black Yankees. University of Massachu- other natural and human . In order creating an effective exhibit is to focus on setts, Amherst. to make up for some artifacts’ lack of visual the message conveyed. Be concise and ex- impact, similar whole pieces from Plimoth plicit in relating this message, and be sure Shackel, Paul A. Plantation’s study collection were used as that you keep it in mind at all times. 2005 Memory, Civic Engagement, and the examples. Public Meaning of Archaeological Heritage. Exhibit text should be concise. The at- References: SAA Archaeological Record 5(2):24-27. tention of the viewer is transient. There is always a risk that dense or lengthy text Beaudry, Mary C. Sorsby, B. D. and S. D. Horne will be ignored rather than read. Important 2005 Personal communication, August. 1980 The Readability of Museum Labels. points must be made quickly and clearly. Museums Journal 80(3):157-159. Unimportant points should not be made at Chan, Alexandra all. The key to preparing text is to start by 2005 Electronic correspondence, 5 August. Thomas, David H. overwriting, and then to edit with the crux 2000 Skull Wars: Kennewick Man, Archaeolo- of the matter in mind. Sentences should be Clarke, D. V. gy, and the Battle for Native American Identity. simple and declarative. Reflexive clauses 1997 Changing Paradigms in Museum Ar- Basic Books, New York. and interesting turns of phrase are unnec- chaeology. Antiquity 71(273):750-752. essary. In general, the text must be easy Velarde, G. enough for a wide audience to understand, Dahl, G. B., and Ronald Stade 1988 Designing Exhibitions. Design Council, without being too simplistic (Fitzhugh 2000 Anthropology, Museums, and Con- London. 2004; Sorsby and Horne 1980). Jargon temporary Cultural Processes: An Intro- and complicated terms should be avoided duction. Ethnos 65(2):157-171. Walder, Liz (Walder 1996). When making labels, use a 1996 A Travelling Exhibition about Ar- font without serifs. These small lines are Ferguson, Leland chaeology as an Activity. In Archaeological added to characters in order to aid leg- 1992 Uncommon Ground: Archaeology and Displays and the Public: Museology and In- ibility in close-up reading, but tend to blur Early African America, 1650-1800. Smithson- terpretation, edited by Paulette McManus, and to distract the eye when viewed from ian Institution Press, Washington. 72-82. Institute of Archaeology, University a distance (Velarde 1988:62). The proper College, London. font size will be determined by the space. Fitzhugh, William In order to be read from a typical distance 2004 Lecture given at the Public Meaning anything smaller than a 16-point font will of Archaeology Conference, University of likely be inadequate (Goldstein 2005). Maryland 27 October. Making sketches of the proposed exhibit is a useful practice, and one that should be- Goldstein, Karin gin at the earliest stage of the exhibit design 2005 Personal communications, between 20 process. Creating mock-ups of the exhibit June and 19 August. using a similarly sized space is another use- ful technique. Artifacts linked thematically ---. 1998 Parlors and Garrets: Winslow should be concentrated together, with an Families and their Servants. The Mayflower adequate division from other artifacts. If Quarterly (November):316-366. it is not clear which artifacts are related to which labels, they are of no use. In the Winslow exhibit arrangement is

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 38 THE AUSTRALASIAN INSTITUTE FOR MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGY (AIMA) & THE AUSTRALASIAN SOCIETY FOR HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY (ASHA) CONFERENCE Jack Dale, 2003. Title: ‘Japanese bombin Venue: Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory Roebuck Bay, Broome’ 14 – 18 September 2006 ‘Land, Sea and Air – Australasian archaeology from 1606 to the present’

Call for Papers and Posters This year’s theme for the joint AIMA/ASHA conference is ‘Land, Sea and Air – Australasian archaeology from 1606 to the present’. The archaeology of the recent or contemporary past coincides this year with a celebration of 400 years of Dutch contact and papers are being sought for work relating to this period. In addition, the recent past encapsulates several milestones in human history: the advent of flight, two World Wars and ultimately human explorations into outer space. These and other milestones have left behind a material record that has become the focus of maritime, terrestrial and extra-terrestrial archaeological research.

The concept of land, sea and air hopes to attract a range of papers and posters that explores the different environments that humans have used in the past. Although aircraft, for instance, can be found in virtually all environments across the planet, many, particularly from World War II, have survived the ravages of time and salvors by virtue of their loss in a marine or estuarine environment. Papers are sought from all around the world, although an emphasis will be on research conducted in Australasia.

This is an invitation to present a paper or poster on one of the proposed conference sessions, which include:  Mapping the Australasian Coasts  The archaeology of temporary visitors since 1606 – Dutch, Spanish, Macassan, Chinese and others  At the cutting edge of a new sub-discipline: Aviation/aerospace archaeology  The individual in historical archaeology  Method and theory in historical archaeology – Australasian perspectives  International and domestic site protection strategies and issues  Archaeology of isolation past and present – perceptions of outposts, refuges and places of confinement

Four field trips will be offered to sites within and around Darwin. These include:  The wreck site of the RAAF’s first Catalina flying boat  Historic sites around the Darwin CBD  The Booya – a (Christmas Day 1974) shipwreck found only recently  An intact WWII airstrip at Coomalie, south of Darwin

If you wish to present a paper or poster (not previously published) on one of the above themes, please email abstracts to reach the organisers by 29 July 2006. A poster viewing session will be held between 6 and 7 pm on the evening of 16 September 2006. People presenting a poster must register. For further details, please contact the conference convenors: Silvano Jung (AIMA) ([email protected]) Mailing address: Julie Mastin (ASHA) ([email protected]) Silvano Jung Clayton Fredericksen (ASHA) ([email protected]) C/- School of Creative Arts and Humanities Faculty of Law, Business and Arts Charles Darwin University AV REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESENTERS: Please tick appropriate box: Darwin NT 0909 overhead projector slide projector PowerPoint* Ph: +61 8 89466854

*Please bring your presentation on a CD or USB Flash Disc, a conference computer will be available Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 39 AIMA/ASHA Conference Registration Form: Land, Sea and Air: Australasian Archaeology 1606 to the present Darwin 14 -18 September 2006 Venue: Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory

For Early-Bird discount, registration and fees must arrive before 29 July 2006

Conference participants should wear their Conference Name Badges at all times as evidence of registration

NAME: ______(as you wish it to appear on your name badge)

AFFILIATION: ______(as you wish it to appear on your name badge)

MAILING ADDRESS: ______

TELEPHONE: ______EMAIL: ______

Conference Items Before 29 July 06 After 29 July 06 Notes AU$ AU$ The Conference Registration AIMA/ASHA member 220 260 Fee includes: AIMA/ASHA Student Member Fee∇ 180 220 i) Opening Non-Member 260 300 reception/registration Non-Member Student/Unwaged∇ 220 260 morning 14/09/06 Single Day Fee (1 or 2 days only) 75 90 ii) Morning/Afternoon teas Field Trip 1 – East Arm boat trip 14/09/06* 120 120 and Lunches in the Museum Field Trip 2 – Darwin Historic tour 14/09/06 20 20 grounds. Please notify if you have special dietary needs. Field Trip 3 – Booya shipwreck dive 18/09/06*† 120 120 Field Trip 4 – WWII Coomalie Airstrip 18/09/06 55 55 iii) Conference show bag Conference Dinner/Banquet TBA TBA * Spaces limited, book early Government House reception with the N.T. free free † must meet requirements – Administrator, His Honour Mr. Ted Egan A.O. see conference program for (please tick the column if you wish to attend) details Your Total Note: shaded items are optional. ∇Students and concession card holds must have valid identification.

Payment must be in Australian dollars, cheques/money orders can be made out to AIMA

I enclose: Cheque Draft/Money Order Credit Card (details below)

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Return to: Aidan Ash, AIMA/ASHA Conference 2006 Registration, Dept. of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum, Cliff Street, Fremantle WA 6160. Email: [email protected]

Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 0 SHA 2007 Williamsburg!! www.sha.org/conference.htm

THE SOCIETY FOR HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWSLETTER Please note the deadlines for submissinos of news for UPCOMING ISSUES of the SHA Newsletter

Fall 2006 . . . . .15 August 2006 Winter 2006 . . . . . 15 November 2006

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Volume 39: Number 2 E-DITION Summer 2006 Page 41