Caught in the Grips
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The "Virginian-Pilot" Newspaper's Role in Moderating Norfolk, Virginia's 1958 School Desegregation Crisis
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations in Urban Services - College of Education & Professional Studies Urban Education (Darden) Winter 1991 The "Virginian-Pilot" Newspaper's Role in Moderating Norfolk, Virginia's 1958 School Desegregation Crisis Alexander Stewart Leidholdt Old Dominion University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/urbanservices_education_etds Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Education Commons, Journalism Studies Commons, Mass Communication Commons, and the Race and Ethnicity Commons Recommended Citation Leidholdt, Alexander S.. "The "Virginian-Pilot" Newspaper's Role in Moderating Norfolk, Virginia's 1958 School Desegregation Crisis" (1991). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), dissertation, , Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/tb1v-f795 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/urbanservices_education_etds/119 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Education & Professional Studies (Darden) at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations in Urban Services - Urban Education by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 THE VIRGINIAN-PILOT NEWSPAPER'S ROLE IN MODERATING NORFOLK, VIRGINIA'S 1958 SCHOOL DESEGREGATION CRISIS by Alexander Stewart Leidholdt B.A. May 1978, Virginia Wesleyan College M.S. May 1980, Clarion University Ed.S. December 1984, Indiana University A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion Unversity in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY URBAN SERVICES OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY December, 1991 Approved By: Maurice R. Berube, Dissertation Chair Concentration Area^TFlrector ember Dean of the College of Education Member Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. -
Nominees and Bios
Nominees for the Virginia Emancipation Memorial Pre‐Emancipation Period 1. Emanuel Driggus, fl. 1645–1685 Northampton Co. Enslaved man who secured his freedom and that of his family members Derived from DVB entry: http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/dvb/bio.asp?b=Driggus_Emanuel Emanuel Driggus (fl. 1645–1685), an enslaved man who secured freedom for himself and several members of his family exemplified the possibilities and the limitations that free blacks encountered in seventeenth‐century Virginia. His name appears in the records of Northampton County between 1645 and 1685. He might have been the Emanuel mentioned in 1640 as a runaway. The date and place of his birth are not known, nor are the date and circumstances of his arrival in Virginia. His name, possibly a corruption of a Portuguese surname occasionally spelled Rodriggus or Roddriggues, suggests that he was either from Africa (perhaps Angola) or from one of the Caribbean islands served by Portuguese slave traders. His first name was also sometimes spelled Manuell. Driggus's Iberian name and the aptitude that he displayed maneuvering within the Virginia legal system suggest that he grew up in the ebb and flow of people, goods, and cultures around the Atlantic littoral and that he learned to navigate to his own advantage. 2. James Lafayette, ca. 1748–1830 New Kent County Revolutionary War spy emancipated by the House of Delegates Derived from DVB/ EV entry: http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Lafayette_James_ca_1748‐1830 James Lafayette was a spy during the American Revolution (1775–1783). Born a slave about 1748, he was a body servant for his owner, William Armistead, of New Kent County, in the spring of 1781. -
CDIR-2018-10-29-VA.Pdf
276 Congressional Directory VIRGINIA VIRGINIA (Population 2010, 8,001,024) SENATORS MARK R. WARNER, Democrat, of Alexandria, VA; born in Indianapolis, IN, December 15, 1954; son of Robert and Marge Warner of Vernon, CT; education: B.A., political science, George Washington University, 1977; J.D., Harvard Law School, 1980; professional: Governor, Commonwealth of Virginia, 2002–06; chairman of the National Governor’s Association, 2004– 05; religion: Presbyterian; wife: Lisa Collis; children: Madison, Gillian, and Eliza; committees: Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs; Budget; Finance; Rules and Administration; Select Com- mittee on Intelligence; elected to the U.S. Senate on November 4, 2008; reelected to the U.S. Senate on November 4, 2014. Office Listings http://warner.senate.gov 475 Russell Senate Office Building, Washington, DC 20510 .................................................. (202) 224–2023 Chief of Staff.—Mike Harney. Legislative Director.—Elizabeth Falcone. Communications Director.—Rachel Cohen. Press Secretary.—Nelly Decker. Scheduler.—Andrea Friedhoff. 8000 Towers Crescent Drive, Suite 200, Vienna, VA 22182 ................................................... (703) 442–0670 FAX: 442–0408 180 West Main Street, Abingdon, VA 24210 ............................................................................ (276) 628–8158 FAX: 628–1036 101 West Main Street, Suite 7771, Norfolk, VA 23510 ........................................................... (757) 441–3079 FAX: 441–6250 919 East Main Street, Richmond, VA 23219 ........................................................................... -
Massive Resistance and the Origins of the Virginia Technical College System
Inquiry: The Journal of the Virginia Community Colleges Volume 22 | Issue 2 Article 6 10-10-2019 Massive Resistance and the Origins of the Virginia Technical College System Richard A. Hodges Ed.D., Thomas Nelson Community College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.vccs.edu/inquiry Part of the Higher Education Commons, History Commons, and the Politics and Social Change Commons Recommended Citation Hodges, R. A. (2019). Massive Resistance and the Origins of the Virginia Technical College System. Inquiry: The Journal of the Virginia Community Colleges, 22 (2). Retrieved from https://commons.vccs.edu/inquiry/vol22/iss2/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ VCCS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Inquiry: The ourJ nal of the Virginia Community Colleges by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ VCCS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hodges: Massive Resistance and the Origins of the VTCS MASSIVE RESISTANCE AND THE ORIGINS OF THE VIRGINIA TECHNICAL COLLEGE SYSTEM RICHARD A. HODGES INTRODUCTION In the summer of 1964, Dr. Dana B. Hamel, Director of the Roanoke Technical Institute in Roanoke, Virginia received a phone call that would change the course of Virginia higher education. The call was from Virginia Governor Albertis Harrison requesting Hamel serve as the Director of the soon to be established Department of Technical Education. The department, along with its governing board, would quickly establish a system of technical colleges located regionally throughout Virginia, with the first of those colleges opening their doors for classes in the fall of 1965. -
Douglas Wilder and the Continuing Significance of Race: an Analysis of the 1989 Gubernatorial Election
Journal of Political Science Volume 23 Number 1 Article 5 November 1995 Douglas Wilder and the Continuing Significance of Race: An Analysis of the 1989 Gubernatorial Election Judson L. Jeffries Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/jops Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Jeffries, Judson L. (1995) "Douglas Wilder and the Continuing Significance of Race: An Analysis of the 1989 Gubernatorial Election," Journal of Political Science: Vol. 23 : No. 1 , Article 5. Available at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/jops/vol23/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Politics at CCU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Political Science by an authorized editor of CCU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DOUGLAS WILDER AND THE CONTINUING SIGNIFICANCE OF RACE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE 1989 GUBERNATORIAL ELECTION Judson L. Jeffries, Universityof Southern California In 1989 Virginia elected an African-American to serve as its chief executive officer. Until Douglas Wilder , no African-American had ever been elected governor of any state. In 1872, the African-American lieutenant-go vernor of Louisiana, P .B.S. Pinchback', was elevated to the post of acting governor for 43 days. The operative word here is elevated. Success for African-American candidates running for high profile2 statewide office has been rare. With the exception of Wilder, only Edward Brooke and Carol Mosely Braun have been able to win high profile statewide office ; but even when they succeeded, the results did not reveal extensive white support for these candidates. -
Transportation Where Are We Headed?
The magazine of the VOL. 49 NO. 9 NOV. 2014 Virginia Municipal League Transportation Where are we headed? Inside: VML Annual Conference photo highlights The magazine of the Virginia Municipal League VOL. 49 NO. 9 NOVEMBER 2014 About the cover Virginia’s future economic success will be tied inextricably to its ability to build a modern transportation network capable of moving more people and more goods efficiently. In this issue, Virginia Town & City takes a look at three evolving aspects of transportation in the state. Departments Discovering Virginia ............... 2 People ......................................... 3 News & Notes ........................... 5 Professional Directory ......... 28 Features Transportation funding: Former governor urges renewed Two steps forward, one step back, investment in aviation but now what? A former Virginia governor responsible for an unprecedented Less than two years ago following a decade of bickering, the state investment in transportation nearly 30 years ago warns General Assembly passed legislation designed to adequately that without a renewed commitment to aviation, Virginia and fund transportation in Virginia for the foreseeable future. the nation will cede a crucial economic advantage to other That bipartisan solution, however, already is showing signs parts of the world. By Gerald L. Baliles of stress. By Neal Menkes Page 15 Page 9 Thank-you Roanoke: Transit: The future may be VML Annual Conference riding on it The 2014 Virginia Municipal League Fifty years after passage of the landmark Annual Conference in Roanoke was a Urban Mass Transit Act of 1964, transit success thanks to the efforts of the host is playing a crucial role in building not city and an abundance of informative only vibrant 21st century communities, speakers, sponsors and exhibitors. -
Mary Mason Williams, "The Civil War Centennial and Public Memory In
Copyright. Mary Mason Williams and the Virginia Center for Digital History, University of Virginia. 2005. This work may not be published, duplicated, or copied for any purpose without permission of the author. It may be cited under academic fair use guidelines. The Civil War Centennial and Public Memory in Virginia Mary Mason Williams University of Virginia May 2005 1 Copyright. Mary Mason Williams and the Virginia Center for Digital History, University of Virginia. 2005. This work may not be published, duplicated, or copied for any purpose without permission of the author. It may be cited under academic fair use guidelines. On December 31, 1961, Harry Monroe, a Richmond area radio host for WRVA, described the tendency to look back on past events during his “Virginia 1961” broadcast: “One of man’s inherent characteristics is a tendency to look back. He embraces this tendency because its alternative is a natural reluctance to look forward. Man, for the most part, would prefer to remember what he has experienced, rather than to open a Pandora’s box of things he has yet to undergo.”1 In the same broadcast, Monroe and his partner Lon Backman described the commemorations and parades that took place on the streets of Richmond that year as part of the state’s official “look back” at the Civil War one hundred years later. The Civil War Centennial took place from 1961-1965 as the nation was beset with both international and domestic struggles, the most immediate of which for Virginians was the Civil Rights Movement, which challenged centuries of white supremacy and institutionalized segregation that had remained the social and cultural status quo since Reconstruction. -
Tim Kaine Has Served People Throughout His Life As a Missionary, Civil Rights Lawyer, Teacher and Elected Official
Tim Kaine has served people throughout his life as a missionary, civil rights lawyer, teacher and elected official. He is one of just 20 Americans (and the only Virginian) to have represented his community as a Mayor, Governor and United States Senator. Tim was elected to the Senate in 2012 as a can-do optimist skilled in bringing people together across old lines of party, race or region. In the Senate, he serves on the Armed Services, Budget and Foreign Relations Committees. He is Chairman of the Senate Subcommittee on the Near East, South and Central Asian Affairs, overseeing American foreign policy in this critical region, from Morocco to Bangladesh. Tim’s Armed Services work focuses on crafting smart defense strategy in a changing world and also enables him to tackle a personal mission—the reduction of unemployment among veterans, especially Iraq and Afghanistan-era veterans. His first legislation, the Troop Talent Act of 2013, established new standards to help active duty servicemembers attain civilian credentials for military skills to assist their transition into the workforce – a bill inspired by conversations Tim had with Virginians on the campaign trail. On the Budget Committee, Tim used his experience making tough budget decisions in local and state office in Virginia to help Congress pass a two-year budget agreement that offsets the worst impacts of sequestration that had disproportionately impacted the Commonwealth. He passionately believes that working in compromise with the House to produce regular budgets will help provide the economic certainty necessary to grow the American economy. On Foreign Relations, Tim works to enhance American diplomatic leadership, with a special focus on the Middle East and Latin America. -
Bill Bolling Contemporary Virginia Politics
6/29/21 A DISCUSSION OF CONTEM PORARY VIRGINIA POLITICS —FROM BLUE TO RED AND BACK AGAIN” - THE RISE AND FALL OF THE GOP IN VIRGINIA 1 For the first 200 years of Virginia's existence, state politics was dominated by the Democratic Party ◦ From 1791-1970 there were: Decades Of ◦ 50 Democrats who served as Governor (including Democratic-Republicans) Democratic ◦ 9 Republicans who served as Governor Dominance (including Federalists and Whigs) ◦ During this same period: ◦ 35 Democrats represented Virginia in the United States Senate ◦ 3 Republicans represented Virginia in the United States Senate 2 1 6/29/21 ◦ Likewise, this first Republican majority in the Virginia General Democratic Assembly did not occur until Dominance – 1998. General ◦ Democrats had controlled the Assembly General Assembly every year before that time. 3 ◦ These were not your “modern” Democrats ◦ They were a very conservative group of Democrats in the southern tradition What Was A ◦ A great deal of their focus was on fiscal Democrat? conservativism – Pay As You Go ◦ They were also the ones who advocated for Jim Crow and Massive resistance up until the passage of the Civil Rights Act of in 1965 4 2 6/29/21 Byrd Democrats ◦ These were the followers of Senator Harry F. Byrd, a former Virginia Governor and U.S. Senator ◦ Senator Byrd’s “Byrd Machine” dominated and controlled Virginia politics for this entire period 5 ◦ Virginia didn‘t really become a competitive two-party state until Ơͥ ͣ ǝ, and the first real From Blue To competition emerged at the statewide level Red œ -
Virginia's Massive Folly
Undergraduate Research Journal at UCCS Volume 2.1, Spring 2009 Virginia’s “Massive Folly”: Harry Byrd, Prince Edward County, and the Front Line Laura Grant Dept. of History, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs Abstract This paper examines the closure of public schools in Prince Edward County, Virginia from 1959- 1964 in an effort to avoid desegregation. Specifically, the paper traces the roots of the political actions which led to the closure and then-Governor Harry Byrd's role in Virginia's political machine at the time. The paper argues that it was Byrd's influence which led to the conditions that not only made the closure possible in Virginia, but encouraged the white citizens of Prince Edward County to make their stand. In September, 1959, the public schools in Prince Edward County, Virginia closed their doors to all students. While most white students were educated in makeshift private schools, the doors of public education remained closed until the Supreme Court ordered the schools to reopen in 1964. This drastic episode in Virginia’s history was a response to the public school integration mandated by the Brown vs. Board of Education decision in 1954. Prince Edward County was not the only district in Virginia to take this action; it was merely the most extreme case of resistance after state laws banning integration were struck down as unconstitutional. Schools all over the state closed, most only temporarily, and the white community rallied to offer white students assistance to attend segregated private schools rather than face integration in a movement termed “Massive Resistance.” While this “Brown backlash” occurred all over the South, it was most prevalent in the Deep South. -
A History of the Virginia Democratic Party, 1965-2015
A History of the Virginia Democratic Party, 1965-2015 A Senior Honors Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation “with Honors Distinction in History” in the undergraduate colleges at The Ohio State University by Margaret Echols The Ohio State University May 2015 Project Advisor: Professor David L. Stebenne, Department of History 2 3 Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Mills Godwin, Linwood Holton, and the Rise of Two-Party Competition, 1965-1981 III. Democratic Resurgence in the Reagan Era, 1981-1993 IV. A Return to the Right, 1993-2001 V. Warner, Kaine, Bipartisanship, and Progressive Politics, 2001-2015 VI. Conclusions 4 I. Introduction Of all the American states, Virginia can lay claim to the most thorough control by an oligarchy. Political power has been closely held by a small group of leaders who, themselves and their predecessors, have subverted democratic institutions and deprived most Virginians of a voice in their government. The Commonwealth possesses the characteristics more akin to those of England at about the time of the Reform Bill of 1832 than to those of any other state of the present-day South. It is a political museum piece. Yet the little oligarchy that rules Virginia demonstrates a sense of honor, an aversion to open venality, a degree of sensitivity to public opinion, a concern for efficiency in administration, and, so long as it does not cost much, a feeling of social responsibility. - Southern Politics in State and Nation, V. O. Key, Jr., 19491 Thus did V. O. Key, Jr. so famously describe Virginia’s political landscape in 1949 in his revolutionary book Southern Politics in State and Nation. -
Editorial Page
A12 WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2017 ••• RICHMOND TIMES-DISPATCH EDITORIAL PAGE HEALTH CARE Contraction? Over the course of Virginia’s protracted dispute about expanding Medicaid, Republican opponents repeatedly have warned about getting stuck with a big bill the state cannot afford to pay. Looks like they could be right. Under the Affordable Care Act, states could expand Medicaid coverage at nearly no direct cost to them: After picking up the full tab initially, Washington would gradually lower its funding support, but only to 90 percent. Even after the full phase-in, every state dollar spent on expansion would bring a $9 return. Seemed like a sweet deal. Thirty-one states took it. Virginia didn’t, thanks to GOP opposition. Democrats have made much of all the supposedly free money the state has left on the table, but of course the money isn’t free: It comes from the taxpayers. What’s more, there is no giant pot of dedicated federal expansion money that Washington divides among however many states expanded Medicaid. Virginia’s decision not to expand Med- icaid does not mean Virginia’s share of the pie goes to other states. It means the money the commonwealth would have received sim- ply goes unspent. With a Republican — at least a nominal one — in the White House and majorities in Congress, the GOP is now considering various ways to unwind the Affordable Care Act. A few concrete proposals have surfaced, but a consensus has yet to coalesce. One bone of contention concerns Medicaid. Some Republicans LETTERS TO THE EDITOR in Washington want to roll back Medicaid expansion.