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Starmaya: the First Arabica F1 Coffee Hybrid Produced Using Genetic Male Sterility
METHODS published: 22 October 2019 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01344 Starmaya: The First Arabica F1 Coffee Hybrid Produced Using Genetic Male Sterility Frédéric Georget 1,2*, Lison Marie 1,2, Edgardo Alpizar 3, Philippe Courtel 3, Mélanie Bordeaux 4, Jose Martin Hidalgo 4, Pierre Marraccini 1,2, Jean-christophe Breitler 1,2, Eveline Déchamp 1,2, Clément Poncon 3, Hervé Etienne 1,2 and Benoit Bertrand 1,2 1 CIRAD, UMR IPME, Montpellier, France, 2 IPME, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France, 3 Plant material, ECOM, Exportadora Atlantic, Managua, Nicaragua, 4 FONDATION NICAFRANCE, Managua, Nicaragua In the present paper, we evaluated the implementation of a seed production system based on the exploitation of male sterility on coffee. We studied specifically the combination between CIR-SM01 and Marsellesa® (a Sarchimor line), which provides a hybrid population called Starmaya. We demonstrated that the establishment of seed garden under natural pollination is possible and produces a sufficient amount of hybrid seeds to be multiplied efficiently and economically. As expected for F1 hybrid, the performances of Starmaya are highly superior to conventional cultivars. However, we observed some heterogeneity on Starmaya cultivar Edited by: in the field. We confirmed by genetic marker analysis that the off-types were partly related to Marcelino Perez De La Vega, Universidad de León, Spain the heterozygosity of the CIR-SM01 clone and could not be modified. Regarding the level Reviewed by: of rust resistance of Starmaya cv., we saw that it could be improved if Marsellesa was more Aaron P. Davis, fully fixed genetically. If so, we should be able to decrease significantly the percentage of rust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom incidence of Starmaya from 15 to 5%, which would be quite acceptable at a commercial Eveline Teixeira Caixeta, level. -
COMPUTER CHAPTER 4- INTRODUCING JAVA Introduction
CLASS-11 SUBJECT – COMPUTER CHAPTER 4- INTRODUCING JAVA Introduction to Java programming JAVA was developed by Sun Microsystems Inc in 1991, later acquired by Oracle Corporation. It was developed by James Gosling and Patrick Naughton. It is a simple programming language. Writing, compiling and debugging a program is easy in java. It helps to create modular programs and reusable code. Bytecode javac compiler of JDK compiles the java source code into bytecode so that it can be executed by JVM. The bytecode is saved in a .class file by compiler. Java Virtual Machine (JVM) This is generally referred as JVM. Before, we discuss about JVM lets see the phases of program execution. Phases are as follows: we write the program, then we compile the program and at last we run the program. 1) Writing of the program is of course done by java programmer. 2) Compilation of program is done by javac compiler, javac is the primary java compiler included in java development kit (JDK). It takes java program as input and generates java bytecode as output. 3) In third phase, JVM executes the bytecode generated by compiler. This is called program run phase. So, now that we understood that the primary function of JVM is to execute the bytecode produced by compiler. Characteristics of Java Simple Java is very easy to learn, and its syntax is simple, clean and easy to understand. Multi-threaded Multithreading capabilities come built right into the Java language. This means it is possible to build highly interactive and responsive apps with a number of concurrent threads of activity. -
IITM GROUP of INSTITUTIONS, MURTHAL SONIPAT What Is Java
IITM GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, MURTHAL SONIPAT DEPARTMENT: COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGG. SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA CSE-306B UNIT : 1 JAVA LANGUAGE BASICS JAVA: Java is a general-purpose, concurrent, object-oriented, class-based, and the runtime environment(JRE) which consists of JVM which is the cornerstone of the Java platform. This blog on What is Java will clear all your doubts about why to learn java, features and how it works. In this What is Java blog, I would be covering following topics: What is Java used for? History of Java What is Java? Features of Java Components in Java What is Java used for? Before I answer the question, what is Java used for, let me brief you about why you should choose Java. Java is highly popular and has dominated this field from early 2000‘s till the present 2018. Java has been used in different domains. Some of them are listed below: Banking: To deal with transaction management. Retail: Billing applications that you see in a store/restaurant are completely written in Java. Information Technology: Java is designed to solve implementation dependencies. Android: Applications are either written in Java or use Java API. Financial services: It is used in server-side applications. Stock market: To write algorithms as to which company they should invest in. Big Data: Hadoop MapReduce framework is written using Java. Scientific and Research Community: To deal with huge amount of data. Wait! Java can do more. 1 Let‘s see how some of the technologies make use of Java as an essential core of their functionalities. -
Programming in Java Learning Objectives
Programming in Java Learning objectives After undergoing the subject, students will be able to Understand the history of Java. Explain how Java programs are compiled, interpreted and executed in java environment. Explain how Java is used to develop different types of application Explain the concept of Packages and their uses Explain the concept of multithreading. Explain how we can build application with JDK. 1. History of Java Java Programming Language was written by James Gosling along with two other person ‘Mike Sheridan‘ and ‘Patrick Naughton‘, while they were working at Sun Microsystems. Initially it was named oak Programming Language. 1.1.Releases of Java Initial Java Versions 1.0 and 1.1 was released in the year 1996 for Linux, Solaris, Mac and Windows. Java version 1.2 (Commonly called as java 2) was released in the year 1998. Java Version 1.3 codename Kestrel was released in the year 2000. Java Version 1.4 codename Merlin was released in the year 2002. Java Version 1.5/Java SE 5 codename ‘Tiger’ was released in the year 2004. Java Version 1.6/Java SE 6 Codename ‘Mustang’ was released in the year 2006. Java Version 1.7/Java SE 7 Codename ‘Dolphin’ was released in the year 2011. Java Version 1.8 is the current stable release which was released this year (2015). 1.2. Five Goals which were taken into consideration while developing Java: Keep it simple, familiar and object oriented. Keep it Robust and Secure. Keep it architecture-neural and portable. Executable with High Performance. Interpreted, threaded and dynamic. -
SUBJECT-COMPUTER CLASS-12 CHAPTER 9 – Compiling and Running Java Programs
SUBJECT-COMPUTER CLASS-12 CHAPTER 9 – Compiling and Running Java Programs Introduction to Java programming JAVA was developed by Sun Microsystems Inc in 1991, later acquired by Oracle Corporation. It was developed by James Gosling and Patrick Naughton. It is a simple programming language. Writing, compiling and debugging a program is easy in java. It helps to create modular programs and reusable code. Bytecode javac compiler of JDK compiles the java source code into bytecode so that it can be executed by JVM. The bytecode is saved in a .class file by compiler. Java Virtual Machine (JVM) This is generally referred as JVM. Before, we discuss about JVM lets see the phases of program execution. Phases are as follows: we write the program, then we compile the program and at last we run the program. 1) Writing of the program is of course done by java programmer. 2) Compilation of program is done by javac compiler, javac is the primary java compiler included in java development kit (JDK). It takes java program as input and generates java bytecode as output. 3) In third phase, JVM executes the bytecode generated by compiler. This is called program run phase. So, now that we understood that the primary function of JVM is to execute the bytecode produced by compiler. Characteristics of Java Simple Java is very easy to learn, and its syntax is simple, clean and easy to understand. Multi-threaded Multithreading capabilities come built right into the Java language. This means it is possible to build highly interactive and responsive apps with a number of concurrent threads of activity. -
Programming in Java Unit-I an Overview Of
PROGRAMMING IN JAVA UNIT-I AN OVERVIEW OF JAVA: James Gosling, Patrick Naughton, Chris Worth, ED Frank and Mike Sheridan conceived Java at Sun Microsystems, Inc in 1991. It took 18 months to develop the first Working version. This language was initially called ‘OAK’ but was renamed “JAVA” in 1995. The primary motivation was the need for a platform-independent (i.e. architecture- neutral) language that could be used to create software to be embedded in various consumer electronic devices such as microwave oven and remote controls. As you can probably guess, many different types of CPU’s are used as controllers. The trouble with C and C++ (and most other languages) is that they are designed to be compiled for a specific target. Although it is possible to compile a C++ program for just about any type of CPU, to do so requires a full C++ compiler together for that CPU. The problems are that compilers are expensive and time consuming to create. An easier- more cost efficient solution was needed. In an attempt to find such a solution, Gosling and others began work on a portable, platform-independent language that could be used to produce code that would run on a variety of CPU’s under different environments. This effort ultimately led to the creation of Java. In 1993, the World Wide Web (WWW) appeared on the Internet and transformed the text-based Internet into a graphical rich environment. The project team came up with the idea of developing web applets (tiny programs) using the new language that could run on all types of computers connected to the Internet. -
Unveiling a Unique Genetic Diversity of Cultivated Coffea Arabica L. in Its Main Domestication Center: Yemen
Genet Resour Crop Evol https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01139-y (0123456789().,-volV)( 0123456789().,-volV) RESEARCH ARTICLE Unveiling a unique genetic diversity of cultivated Coffea arabica L. in its main domestication center: Yemen C. Montagnon . A. Mahyoub . W. Solano . F. Sheibani Received: 21 July 2020 / Accepted: 15 January 2021 Ó The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Whilst it is established that almost all varieties and included no Yemen samples. Two other cultivated coffee (Coffea arabica L.) varieties origi- clusters were made up of worldwide varieties and nated in Yemen after some coffee seeds were intro- Yemen samples. We named these the Yemen Typica- duced into Yemen from neighboring Ethiopia, the Bourbon cluster and the Yemen SL-34 cluster. Finally, actual coffee genetic diversity in Yemen and its we observed one cluster that was unique to Yemen and significance to the coffee world had never been was not related to any known cultivated varieties and explored. We observed five genetic clusters. The first not even to any known Ethiopian accession: we name cluster, which we named the Ethiopian-Only (EO) this cluster the New-Yemen cluster. We discuss the cluster, was made up exclusively of the Ethiopian consequences of these findings and their potential to accessions. This cluster was clearly separated from the pave the way for further comprehensive genetic Yemen and cultivated varieties clusters, hence con- improvement projects for the identification of major firming the genetic distance between wild Ethiopian resilience/adaptation and cup quality genes that have accessions and coffee cultivated varieties around the been shaped through the domestication process of C. -
History of Java the History of Java Is Very Interesting. Java Was Originally Designed for Interactive Television, but It Was
History of Java The history of Java is very interesting. Java was originally designed for interactive television, but it was too advanced technology for the digital cable television industry at the time. The history of java starts with Green Team. Java team members (also known as Green Team), initiated this project to develop a language for digital devices such as set-top boxes, televisions, etc. However, it was suited for internet programming. Later, Java technology was incorporated by Netscape. The principles for creating Java programming were "Simple, Robust, Portable, Platform-independent, Secured, High Performance, Multithreaded, Architecture Neutral, Object-Oriented, Interpreted and Dynamic". Currently, Java is used in internet programming, mobile devices, games, e-business solutions, etc. There are given the significant points that describe the history of Java. 1) James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java language project in June 1991. The small team of sun engineers called Green Team. 2) Originally designed for small, embedded systems in electronic appliances like set-top boxes. 3) Firstly, it was called "Greentalk" by James Gosling, and file extension was .gt. 4) After that, it was called Oak and was developed as a part of the Green project. Why Java named "Oak"? 5) Why Oak? Oak is a symbol of strength and chosen as a national tree of many countries like U.S.A., France, Germany, Romania, etc. 6) In 1995, Oak was renamed as "Java" because it was already a trademark by Oak Technologies. Why Java Programming named "Java"? 7) Why had they chosen java name for java language? The team gathered to choose a new name. -
Desenvolvimento OO Com Java O Que É Java
Desenvolvimento OO com Java O que é Java Vítor E. Silva Souza ([email protected]) http://www.inf.ufes.br/~vitorsouza Departamento de Informática Centro Tecnológico Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Licença para uso e distribuição • Este obra está licenciada com uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição-CompartilhaIgual4.0 Internacional; • Você tem o direito de: – Compartilhar: copiar e redistribuir o material em qualquer suporte ou formato – Adaptar: remixar, transformar, e criar a partir do material para qualquer fim, mesmo que comercial. • De acordo com os termos seguintes: – Atribuição: você deve dar o crédito apropriado, prover um link para a licença e indicar se mudanças foram feitas. Você deve fazê-lo em qualquer circunstância razoável, mas de maneira alguma que sugira ao licenciante a apoiar você ou o seu uso; – CompartilhaIgual: se você remixar, transformar, ou criar a partir do material, tem de distribuir as suas contribuições sob a mesma licença que o original. Mais informações podem ser encontradas em: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Março 2016 OO & Java - O que é Java 2 Conteúdo do curso • O que é Java; • Herança, reescrita e • Variáveis primitivas e polimorfismo; controle de fluxo; • Classes abstratas; • Orientação a objetos • Interfaces; básica; • Exceções e controle de • Um pouco de vetores; erros; • Modificadores de acesso • Utilitários da API Java. e atributos de classe; Estes slides foram baseados na apostila do curso FJ-11: Java e Orientação a Objetos da Caelum e na apostila Programação Orientada a Objetos em Java do prof. Flávio Miguel Varejão. Março 2016 OO & Java - O que é Java 3 O que é Java? • Uma tecnologia; • Uma linguagem de programação; • Uma plataforma de desenvolvimento; • Um software distribuído pela Oracle; • Um ambiente de execução de programas; • Uma ilha da Indonésia (e o mar ao norte da ilha). -
Coffees Serving Size Caffeine (Mg)
Coffees Serving Size Caffeine (mg) Dunkin' Donuts Coffee with Turbo Shot large, 20 fl. oz. 436 Starbucks Coffee venti, 20 fl. oz. 415 Starbucks Coffee grande, 16 fl. oz. 330 Panera Frozen Mocha 16.5 fl. oz. 267 Starbucks Coffee tall, 12 fl. oz. 260 Starbucks Caffè Americano grande, 16 fl. oz. 225 Panera Coffee regular, 16.8 fl. oz. 189 Starbucks Espresso Frappuccino venti, 24 fl. oz. 185 Dunkin' Donuts Coffee medium, 14 fl. oz. 178 Starbucks Caffè Mocha grande, 16 fl. oz. 175 Starbucks Iced Coffee grande, 16 fl. oz. 165 Maxwell House Ground Coffee—100% Colombian, Dark Roast, 2 Tbs., makes 12 fl. Master Blend, or Original Roast oz. 100-160 Dunkin' Donuts Cappuccino large, 20 fl. oz. 151 Starbucks—Caffè Latte, Cappuccino, or Caramel Macchiato grande, 16 fl. oz. 150 Starbucks Espresso doppio, 2 fl. oz. 150 Keurig Coffee K-Cup, all varieties 1 cup, makes 8 fl. oz. 75-150 2 tsp., makes 12 fl. Folgers Classic Roast Instant Coffee oz. 148 Starbucks Doubleshot Energy Coffee, can 15 fl. oz. 146 Starbucks Mocha Frappuccino venti, 24 fl. oz. 140 1 packet, makes 8 fl. Starbucks VIA House Blend Instant Coffee oz. 135 McDonald's Coffee large, 16 fl. oz. 133 2⅔ Tbs., makes 12- Maxwell House International Café, all flavors 16 fl. oz. 40-130 Seattle's Best Coffee—Iced Latte or Iced Mocha, can 9.5 fl. oz. 90 Starbucks Frappuccino Coffee, bottle 9.5 fl. oz. 90 International Delight Iced Coffee 8 fl. oz. 76 2 Tbs., makes 12 fl. Maxwell House Lite Ground Coffee oz. -
Pest Management Strategic Plan for Coffee Production in Hawai'i
Pest Management Strategic Plan for Coffee Production in Hawai‘i Summary of a workshop held on April 16–17, 2007 Honolulu, Hawai‘i Issued January 2010 Lead Authors: Mike Kawate, Cathy Tarutani, and H.C. Bittenbender Contact Person: Cathy Tarutani, Education Specialist (808) 956-2004 [email protected] This project was sponsored by the Hawai‘i Farm Bureau Federation, co-sponsored with the State of Hawai‘i Department of Agriculture, and the Western Integrated Pest Management Center, which is funded by the United States Department of Agriculture– National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Table of Contents Executive Summary ...........................................................................................................3 Work Group and Contributors ........................................................................................4 Top Pest Management Priorities in Hawai‘i Coffee Production ...................................6 General Production Information ......................................................................................8 Production Regions ................................................................................................9 Cultural Practices ................................................................................................12 Integrated Pest Management ..............................................................................15 Crop Stages ...........................................................................................................16 Pest Pressures -
Coffee Flavor and Flavor Attributes That Drive Consumer Liking for These Novel Products
beverages Review Coffee Flavor: A Review Denis Richard Seninde and Edgar Chambers IV * Center for Sensory Analysis and Consumer Behavior, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 1 June 2020; Accepted: 3 July 2020; Published: 8 July 2020 Abstract: Flavor continues to be a driving force for coffee’s continued growth in the beverage market today. Studies have identified the sensory aspects and volatile and non-volatile compounds that characterize the flavor of different coffees. This review discusses aspects that influence coffee drinking and aspects such as environment, processing, and preparation that influence flavor. This summary of research studies employed sensory analysis (either descriptive and discrimination testing and or consumer testing) and chemical analysis to determine the impact aspects on coffee flavor. Keywords: coffee flavor; processing; preparation; emotion; environment; consumer acceptance 1. Introduction The coffee market is currently worth USD 15.1 billion and growing. This market is mainly comprised of roasted, instant, and ready-to-drink (RTD) coffee [1]. The flavor of a roasted coffee brew is influenced by factors such as the geographical location of origin, variety, climatic factors, processing methods, roasting process, and preparation methods [2–10]. The differences in sensory properties can, in turn, affect consumers’ preferences for and emotions or attitudes toward coffee drinking [11]. 1.1. Motivations for Drinking Coffee As indicated by Phan [12], the motivations for drinking coffee can be grouped under 17 constructs: liking, habits, need and hunger, health, convenience, pleasure, traditional eating, natural concerns, sociability, price, visual appeal, weight control, affect regulation, social norms, social image [13], choice and variety seeking [12,14,15].