Annual Performance Review Report 2019

Annual Performance

Review Report

2019

Prepared by

Monitoring and Evaluation, Development Unit

2020

AUTHORS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Cynthia Runyenje The development of this Annual Performance Review Report 2019 would not have been possible without the Sheena Kayira technical support of the APHRC staff who participated in the development of the report. We are grateful to the key staff from the respective units who facilitated the development of the report and for their inputs and clarifications.

Special appreciation goes to the Monitoring and Evaluation under the Development Unit spearheaded by Cynthia Runyenje who coordinated the process, and Sheena Kayira who supported the development of the report.

The Center would also like to thank all those whose names may have been inadvertently left out but who were consulted during the development of the report, or who in one way or the other contributed to this process. We wish to state that without their contributions this work would not have been possible.

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AAD Aging and Development Unit

ADDRF African Doctoral Dissertation Research Fellowship

APHRC African Population and Health Research Center

CARTA Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa

DME Data, Measurement and Evaluation Unit eDMS Electronic Document Management System

ERP Enterprise Resource Planning

EYE Education and Youth Empowerment Unit

HR Human Resource Unit

HSH Health Systems for Health Unit

IMCHA Maternal and Child Health in Africa Initiative

IT Information Technology Unit

JAS Joint Advanced Seminars

MCW Maternal and Child Wellbeing Unit

MoH Ministry of Health

NACOSTI National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation

NUHDSS Nairobi Urban Health Demographic Surveillance System

PDRH Population Dynamics and Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights Unit

PEC Policy Engagement and Communications Division

RCS Research Capacity Strengthening Division

RHERCS Research on Higher Education and Research Capacity Strengthening

REDCap Research Electronic Data Capture

RELI Regional Education Learning Initiative

SMT Senior Management Team

SSA Sub-Saharan Africa

USD United States Dollars

UWB Urbanization and Wellbeing in Africa Unit

WARO West African Regional Office

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This Strategic Performance Review Report 2019 is the second annual review for the Strategic Framework 2017-2021. It emphasizes the key achievements in each of the four Strategic Objectives and goes further to highlight how each of the units/divisions continue to contribute towards the attainment of these objectives. During this reporting year, there were 88 active projects, 32 of which were commenced in 2019 and these projects were implemented across 30 African countries. During this reporting year, 46 projects in the Research division tackled Signature Issues, 35 Synergy Issues and 21 tackled other thematic areas. There were 122 research outputs developed, an increase of 37% from 89 in 2018. A number of projects addressed policy- relevant issues with various policies at different levels informed by APHRC research on an array of topical issues.

More partnerships were fostered with African and global institutions, including universities, implementing institutions, as well as research and training bodies. During this reporting year, there were 22 partner institutions working with Research Capacity Strengthening Division; of which three were new partnerships. APHRC’s engagements included consultative meetings with decision-makers, conferences, fora, summits, symposiums, policy cafes and dissemination workshops as well technical meetings.

To increase operational efficiency, the Center rolled out the ERP Platform, developed various governance documents, institutionalized the Cultural Shift program, launched Ulwazi Place and operationalized the West African Regional Office in Dakar, Senegal. Going into 2020, the key priorities of the Center will be to fundraise strategically for the APHRC’s signature and synergy issues, advancement of project- portfolios, explore further partnerships, targeted strategic policy engagement, recruit key staff and staff training and development.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHORS ...... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... ii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...... iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... v LIST OF FIGURES ...... vii LIST OF TABLES...... viii CHAPTER 1 ...... 1 Introduction and Background Information ...... 1 1.1. Background information on APHRC ...... 1 1.2. Brief overview of strategic plan 2017-2021 ...... 1 1.3. Brief overview of APHRC divisions and units ...... 1 1.4. The Process of developing the Annual Performance Review Report 2019...... 3 CHAPTER 2 ...... 4 Strategic Objective 1: Generate scientific knowledge aligned to local and global development agendas on population health and wellbeing ...... 4 2.1. APHRC Projects ...... 4 2.2. Grant Proposals for Business development ...... 10 2.3. Research Outputs ...... 11 2.4. Policies and programs informed by evidence from APHRC ...... 11 CHAPTER 3 ...... 13 Strategic Objective 2: Develop and nurture the next generation of African research leaders ...... 13 3.1. Partnerships with universities and research institutions ...... 13 3.2. Fellowships and Internships ...... 14 3.3. Publications and Research Outputs by Fellows ...... 15 3.4. Capacity strengthening activities ...... 16 3.5. Innovations and Career Development ...... 17 CHAPTER 4 ...... 18 Strategic Objective 3: Engage with decision-makers using evidence to drive optimal development and implementation of policies that will have a transformative impact on lives in Africa...... 18 4.1. Advocacy and Policy Engagement Projects ...... 18 4.2. Engagement Events ...... 18 4.3. Dissemination of Research Products to Decision Makers ...... 19 4.4. Collaborations with thought- leaders to develop policy and programs ...... 20 4.5. Citations and mentions of APHRC research ...... 21 4.6. Social Media Campaigns and Media Hits ...... 22 4.7. Capacity Strengthening Activities on Policy Engagement ...... 23 CHAPTER 5 ...... 24 Strategic Objective 4: Create operational efficiencies in systems and processes for maximum programmatic impact...... 24 5.1. Best practices for Operational Efficiencies ...... 24 5.2. Annual Income, Expenditure and Burn Rates ...... 26 5.3. Human Resources...... 27 5.4. Business Development ...... 27 5.5. Internal audit ...... 27 CHAPTER 6 ...... 29 Key Challenges and Lessons Learnt ...... 29 CHAPTER 7 ...... 31 Key Priorities for the Year 2020 ...... 31

Data Measurement and Evaluation Unit ...... 31 Health Systems for Health Unit ...... 31 Maternal and Child Wellbeing Unit ...... 31 Population Dynamics and Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights Unit ...... 31 Urbanization and Wellbeing Unit ...... 32 Education and Youth Empowerment Unit...... 32 Partnerships with Universities to Strengthen Doctoral Training ...... 33 Internships and Fellowships ...... 33 Policy Engagement and Communications Division ...... 33 Office of Director of Operations ...... 33 Development Unit...... 33 Internal Audit Unit ...... 34 Information Technology (IT) Unit ...... 34 Finance Unit ...... 34 Human Resources Unit ...... 34 CHAPTER 8 ...... 35 Conclusion ...... 35 ANNEXES ...... 36 Annex 1: APHRC Publications ...... 36 Annex 2: Publications by CARTA Fellows ...... 46 Annex 3: Publications by ADDRF Fellows ...... 56 Annex 4: APHRC Blogs and Articles ...... 59 Annex 5: Microdata Portal Requests ...... 61 Annex 6: APHRC Funders/Donors ...... 62 Annex 7: APHRC Partners...... 64 Annex 8: Social Media Analytics ...... 66 Annex 9: Media Hits and Requests ...... 68 Annex 10: Capacity strengthening events for policy engagement for APHRC and partners ...... 69

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Trend of number of projects ...... 4 Figure 2: Status of projects by units ...... 5 Figure 3: Project Implementation Trend ...... 7 Figure 4: Prime Awards vs. Sub-awards ...... 7 Figure 5: Projects grant amounts by units and type of award ...... 8 Figure 6: Top 5 Highest Grossing APHRC Projects ...... 9 Figure 7: Signature, synergy and other issues by units ...... 9 Figure 8: Distribution of the Microdata Portal requests ...... 10 Figure 9: Trend of partnerships with universities and research institutions ...... 14 Figure 10: Distributions of fellows enrolled in the CARTA program ...... 14 Figure 11: Trends of fellows graduating with doctoral degrees ...... 15 Figure 12: Trends of Published papers by fellows ...... 15 Figure 13: Distribution of Brownbag presentations by units/divisions ...... 17 Figure 14: Regional Distribution of engagement ...... 18 Figure 15: Distribution of type of engagement ...... 19 Figure 16: Annual Budget, Expenditure and Income in USD ...... 26 Figure 17: Burn Rates per unit ...... 26 Figure 18: Trend of number of employees ...... 27 Figure 19: Distribution of employees by gender ...... 27

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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: List of Units and Divisions ...... 2 Table 2: Grant Proposals success rate scorecard...... 10 Table 3: Research outputs by units ...... 11 Table 4: Grants Won by Fellows ...... 15 Table 5: Public offered courses ...... 17 Table 6: Engagement fora by units ...... 19 Table 7: Blogs and articles published by units ...... 22 Table 8: Go- no go synopses summary ...... 27

viii

LIST OF IMAGES

Image 1: Country Presence (Projects implementation) ...... 6 Image 2: Partnerships with Universities and Research Institutions ...... 13 Image 3: Hon. Esther Passaris, with the Right to Food team ...... 21 Image 4: National Leadership Forum in Kenya ...... 21

CHAPTER 1

Introduction and Background Information

1.1. Background information on APHRC African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC) was established in 1995 as a fellowship program of the Population Council, with funding from Rockefeller Foundation. In 2001, APHRC, Inc. registered in Kenya as a branch of the US-registered entity. Work across sub-Saharan Africa is coordinated from the head office in Nairobi and the West African regional office in Senegal. Guided by its mission to generate evidence, strengthen research capacity and engage policy to inform action on population health and wellbeing, the Center strives to achieve its vision of transforming lives in Africa through research.

APHRC also anchors its activities on its four guiding principles; to be innovation-driven, collaborative, truly African in reach and impact-oriented in all engagements and activities. APHRC is committed to generating an Africa-led and Africa-owned body of evidence to inform decision making for an effective and sustainable response to the most critical challenges facing the continent. The Center is anchored on its core values of fairness, excellence and integrity.

1.2. Brief overview of strategic plan 2017-2021 The 2017-2021 Strategic Plan is a dynamic blueprint that sets the course for APHRC for the next five years and beyond and acts as a guide to the operationalization of the Center’s vision. It is a roadmap for broader and deeper engagement in its signature areas of interest as APHRC continues in its second decade as a premier research institution and think tank in Africa. The Strategic Plan also lays out the necessary changes needed within the Center to achieve its goals; beginning with the reorientation of research towards a more deliberate focus on signature issues.

It outlines a bold agenda predicated on four strategic objectives that form the chapters of this report. The strategy seeks to achieve four programmatic objectives: Generate scientific knowledge aligned to local and global development agendas, develop and nurture the next generation of African research leaders, engage with decision-makers using evidence to drive optimal development and implementation of policies and create operational efficiencies in systems and processes for maximum programmatic impact.

1.3. Brief overview of APHRC divisions and units APHRC conducts its activities under four divisions: Research, Research Capacity Strengthening (RCS), Policy Engagement and Communications (PEC) and Operations. The units in each of the divisions evaluated in this report are listed in Table 1. The report also highlights the performance of the West African Regional Office (WARO) in 2019.

Table 1: List of Units and Divisions Research Division Research Capacity Strengthening (RCS) Division - Maternal and Child Wellbeing Unit - Partnerships with Universities to - Aging and Development Unit Strengthen Doctoral Training - Education and Youth Empowerment Unit - Individual Fellowships and Internships - Health Systems for Health Unit - Training Programs - Urbanization and Wellbeing in Africa Unit - Research On Higher Education And - Data, Measurement and Evaluation Unit Research Capacity Strengthening - Population Dynamics and Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights Unit Policy Engagement and Communications (PEC) Division Operations Division - Visibility unit - Finance Unit - Advocacy Unit - Human Resource Unit - Synergy Unit - Development Unit - IT Unit - Facilities and Administration Unit - Internal Audit Unit

These research units drive the strategic objectives through the implementation of the signatures, synergy and other issues that are also highlighted in the Strategic Plan. The signatures issues are:

1. Emerging models and approaches to long-term care. 2. Understanding how to make Africa’s education systems more inclusive and equitable. 3. Chronic conditions management. 4. Maternal, infant and young child nutrition with focus on breastfeeding optimization. 5. Young people’s sexual and reproductive health and rights. 6. Unsafe abortion. 7. Clarifying the role of slum systems for health and well-being in Africa’s urban spaces. 8. Data and measurement The synergy issues include: 1. Ageing and the Demographic Dividend/ Population dynamics, sustainable development and Africa’s first Demographic Dividend 2. Alignment of education policies to national development goals. 3. Examining the magnitude, burden and impacts of non-communicable diseases 4. Early Childhood Development (ECD). The other issues are: 1. Later-life wellbeing and inequity. 2. Understand pathways to productive human capital in Africa. 3. Understand and characterize the health system needs to end the big epidemics. 4. Maternal, Newborn and Child Health.

5. Gender and sexuality-related vulnerabilities. 6. Environmental impact on health and wellbeing in urban contexts. 7. The causes, course and consequences of rapid urbanization. 8. Enhancing the utility of the Nairobi Urban Health Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS). 9. Establishing robust data systems to enhance the collection, access and use of data. 10. Advancing the field of measurement.

1.4. The Process of developing the Annual Performance Review Report 2019 The development of this report followed a comprehensive consultative review process with each of the units in the four divisions. The Monitoring and Evaluation team under the Development Unit led the process of reviewing various reports and systems. These included quarterly reports, annual divisional reports, project update sheets, Financial Reports, Annual Report 2016/17, Annual Performance Review Report 2017/2018, Strategic Report 2014-16 as well as operational systems, such as the Proposal Management Systems (PMS), the Electronic Document Management System (eDMS) and program websites.

This Performance Review Report 2019 is the second annual review for the Strategic Framework 2017-2021. It emphasizes the key achievements in each of the four Strategic Objectives guided by the M&E indicators and highlights performance of the units, challenges, lessons learnt and best practices. The report further pinpoints the priorities of the units going into the Year 2020 that shall guide their activities and work plans moving forward. The final report will be disseminated to all the units and published on the APHRC website/intranet.

CHAPTER 2

Strategic Objective 1: Generate scientific knowledge aligned to local and global development agendas on population health and wellbeing

This objective seeks to push the boundaries of research evidence generation and use. The Center’s overall thrust, through the Research Division, is informed by a drive towards conducting research that leads to change and impact. Over the last 17 years, APHRC has generated and shared substantial amounts of research evidence with a growing number of decision-makers and technical partners in various African countries and beyond, to inform policy and practice. Understanding of the broader developmental priorities articulated at the global level and how these priorities may be domesticated, will be achieved through identifying and filling evidence gaps. This chapter highlights ways in which this strategic objective was met (or contributed to).

2.1. APHRC Projects 2.1.1. Project Profiles During this reporting year, 88 projects were active. Of these, 75 were from the Research Division, 9 in the Research Capacity Strengthening (RCS) Division and 4 from the Policy Engagement and Communications (PEC) Division. This was an increase from the previous years as seen in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Trend of number of projects

There were 32 new projects in 2019. 23 projects closed and two projects were terminated, due to donor related reasons1. As the year ended, there were 65 ongoing projects into 2020, 55 in Research Division, eight in RCS and two in PEC as seen in Figure 2. 66 of the projects running this year were multi-year while 19 were short term2. Multi-year projects included projects that are running for more than one year. Any project below one year was considered short term.

1 There are projects that commenced and also closed in the same year 2019, thus counted as both new and closed. Terminated projects were iMlango- EYE Unit and DME General and Key Population HIV Surveys in Resource Constrained Settings under the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. 2 The number of multi-year projects totals 85 and not 88. This is because 3 of the new projects are yet to determine their parameters. 4

Figure 2: Status of projects by units

2.1.2. Project implementation in African Countries

During this reporting year, projects were implemented in 30 African countries. As seen in Image 1, these were Kenya, Zambia, South Africa, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Democratic Republic of Congo, Togo, Liberia, Zambia, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Eritrea, Somalia, Zimbabwe and Cote D'Ivoire. Annex 7: lists the partners APHRC has collaborated with in the implementation of projects.

Image 1: Country Presence (Projects implementation)

Similar to previous years, the majority of active projects in 2019 were implementing their activities in Kenya alone. However, over the years there has been an increment in the number of projects implemented in other African countries as seen in Figure 3. Important to note, some projects implemented in other African countries could also have implementation in Kenya as well. The projects that had the most countries where activities were being implemented were Countdown 2030 - WARO (19 countries), Challenging Politics Social Exclusion - PDRH (seven countries), Urban Education III – EYE (six countries) and Return Survey - South Sudan Situation- DME (six countries) projects in Research Division. In the RCS Division, CARTA and GCRF Adolescent Hub projects were in seven and six African countries respectively. In the PEC Division, the Immunization Advocacy Initiative and the Innovating for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health in Africa projects had implementation in three and six African countries respectively.

50 51 41 41 37 37 34 31

21 22 Nmber of Nmber of projects

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Kenya Only Rest of Africa Linear (Rest of Africa)

Figure 3: Project Implementation Trend

2.1.3. Prime Awards and their Monetary Value

During this reporting year, the Research division had 40 prime awards projects (53%), RCS had 4 (44%) while PEC had 4 projects that were prime awards (100%) as seen in Figure 4. Thus, 55% of projects at the Center were prime awards, an increase from 50% in 20183.

ADU 100%

EYE 78% 22%

DME 71% 29%

MCW 68% 32%

PDRH 54% 46%

UWB 44% 56%

WARO 33% 67%

HSH 8% 92%

Partnerships with univ. 100%

Training Program 67% 33%

RHERCS 20% 80%

PEC 100%

Prime award Sub award

Figure 4: Prime Awards vs. Sub-awards

3 Prime awards are grants that have been awarded directly to APHRC and thus are not sub-grants. 7

The value of projects for the whole Center was at USD 61.05 million up from last year, which stood at USD 59.5 million. Under the Research Division, PDRH and EYE units had the highest grants amounts, as was the case in 2018. Partnership with universities program under RCS division and the advocacy unit under PEC division had the highest grant amount. Figure 5 illustrates the breakdown of the projects’ grants amounts by units and by type of award.

2,250,871

926,765 365,290 1,604,197 2,838,782 381,819 92,400

51,750 559,065 1,614,043 1,151,649 180,222 3,934,156 4,848,000 12,187,863 WARO ADU UWB DME HSH MCW EYE PDRH

1,038,900 154,008

7,735,728 283,794 500,000 18,352,311 PEC Training Program RHERCS Partnerships with univ. Prime award Sub award

Figure 5: Projects grant amounts by units and type of award

Majority of the projects, 77% (67), were worth below USD 1 million. The highest grossing projects in Research Division were PDRH’s Challenging Politics Social Exclusion (CPSE) project at USD 8.4 million, PDRH's SAFIRE Evaluation - USD 1.99 million and EYE’s RELI III and Urban Education III at USD 1 million each. The highest grossing projects in RCS division were Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA) at USD 8.4 million, GCRF Adolescent Hub at USD 528,000 and Strengthening Institutional Research Capacity in Africa (SIRCA) at USD 500,000. The highest grossing projects in PEC were Immunization Advocacy Initiative (IAI) at

USD 5.7 million and Innovating for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health in Africa (IMCHA) project at USD 1.96 million. The top 5 grossing projects are seen in Figure 6.

Figure 6: Top 5 Highest Grossing APHRC Projects

2.1.4. Signature, synergy and other issues

During this reporting year 2019, 46 projects in the Research division tackled Signature Issues, 35 Synergy Issues and 21 tackled other issues. Important to note, there were some projects that tackled more than one issue. All of the projects in WARO tackled synergy issues as they are all in collaboration with other units4. DME did not tackle any other issues, with its projects only having signature and synergy issues, as seen in Figure 1. The signature, synergy and other issues are listed in Section 1.3.

Figure 7: Signature, synergy and other issues by units

4 Though WARO is a regional office it is listed in figure 7 as it has research projects that are now based there. 9

2.1.5. Microdata Portal Requests Other external organizations and individuals use APHRC African data stored in the microdata portal. There were 17 countries 7% requests from various organizations during the reporting period. Majority, (82%) were requests from universities Internal Staff and learning institutions while the rest were internal Requests 21% requests from staff. Of the external requests received, most (71%) were from institutions from the United States, Outside Africa Canada and Belgium as seen in Figure 8. Annex 5: gives 72% details of each of the Microdata requests made. Figure 8: Distribution of the Microdata Portal requests

2.2. Grant Proposals for Business development During this reporting year, there were 100 proposals developed, with 44 successful proposals and 51 unsuccessful while the rest were still awaiting feedback5. Thus, the success rate in terms of numbers was at 46%, similar to 2018. However, the dollar success rate decreased to 27% (USD 20.2 million) compared to 36% in 2018 (USD23.5 million). This was attributed mainly to a USD 22million unsuccessful proposal that affected the denominator in 2019. Operations, PEC, WARO and AAD had 100% proposal success rates in both number and in dollars. This may have partly been because most of the calls were invited. However, WARO, MCW and EYE had over USD 3 million worth of successful proposals, as highlighted in Table 26.

Table 2: Grant Proposals success rate scorecard Proposal success Dollar Success Proposal performance Total Dollars in rate % Rate Units/Divisions Proposals No. of No. of successful submitted successful unsuccessful Awaiting proposals proposals proposals response (USD) 2018 2019 2018 2019 HSH 15 7 7 1 2,172,238 50% 50% 21% 42% EYE 9 4 5 0 3,006,547 33% 44% 12% 11% PDRH 11 3 7 1 2,530,000 62% 30% 82% 41% MCW 24 10 13 1 3,354,000 57% 43% 14% 25% UWB 7 3 4 0 2,112,000 23% 43% 19% 62% AAD 3 2 0 1 59,064 0% 100% 0% 100% DME 15 4 11 0 1,104,000 46% 27% 47% 12% WARO 2 2 0 0 3,888,000 - 100% - 100% RCS 11 6 4 1 1,587,266 40% 60% 27% 33% PEC 1 1 0 0 110,000 33% 100% 0% 100% Operations 2 2 0 0 257,150 60% 100% 73% 100% Center-wide 100 44 51 5 20,180,265 46% 46% 36% 27%

Key: <=70% Above 50% and >70 Below 50%

5 Note: The proposal tracker captured proposals submitted from November 2018 to October 2019. 6 Proposal Success Rate = {successful proposals/(successful +unsuccessful proposals)*100} 10

2.3. Research Outputs There were 122 research outputs in 2019, an increase from 2018, which was 89. These included publications that have a means of verification. These were published papers, supplements, books, book chapters, technical reports, frameworks, policy briefs and factsheets. In 2018 and 2019, PDRH and HSH led with the most publications as highlighted in Table 3. Research Division had notably more publications as compared to RCS and PEC since scientific publications are one of its core outputs. Annex 1: lists the publications developed.

Table 3: Research outputs by units PDRH HSH DME AAD MCW UWB EYE RCS PEC Grand Total Published papers 22 18 10 16 13 4 3 1 1 88 Supplements 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Books 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Book chapters 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 5 Technical Reports 4 1 4 0 0 2 2 0 0 13 Frameworks 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Policy Briefs 3 1 2 0 2 2 2 0 0 12 Factsheets 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grand Total 31 22 17 16 16 9 8 2 1 122

2.4. Policies and programs informed by evidence from APHRC A number of recent projects have been able to address policy-relevant issues during this reporting year. Various policies were informed by APHRC research on various topical areas. These policies and programs were:

 The Human Milk Bank launched at Pumwani Maternity Hospital, the first of its kind in Kenya.  The UWB unit was part of Kenya’s technical working group on Urban Sanitation aimed at developing Kenya National Urban Sanitation Guidelines. The document is now in its final stages.  The Orphans and Vulnerable Children's programs under the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) were informed by two DME studies, namely: The Monitoring the Outcomes of Orphans and Vulnerable Children Programs in Kenya: Findings from 2016 - 2018 Panel Survey Data (2019) and the Data Quality Assessment of selected PEPFAR-Funded OVC Programs in Kenya (2018) studies.  Although the Garissa County health department had recognized the need for action, HSH’s Afya Kwa Ukoo project provided definitive support for affirmative action regarding recruiting more female nurses and midwives in order to motivate women to use maternity services.  Also, the observed improvement in utilization of maternity and child care services in the county could be attributed to the work done in the project by the community Health Volunteers under HSH unit.  The High Court of Kenya reinstated the Standards and Guidelines for Reducing Morbidity and Mortality from Unsafe Abortion in Kenya with an article citing data generated by APHRC under PDRH unit.

 RCS under the CARTA program developed new guidelines on improving research capacity strengthening evaluation practice in sub-Saharan Africa, which was in partnership with the Centre for Capacity Research at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine.  APHRC is part of a new global research hub to help improve the health of people living in informal settlements in low and middle-income countries. The Accountability for Informal Urban Equity Hub also referred to as ARISE, is one of 12 global research hubs recently funded by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) through the Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF). ARISE brings together ten partners from a variety of backgrounds and disciplines who will work collaboratively to address critical development hurdles including ill-health, inequity, and insecurity in Kenya, Sierra Leone, Bangladesh, and India.  Finally, for the third year in a row, APHRC has been ranked among the top global Think Tanks in the 2019 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report . In this report, APHRC ranked 12 overall out of 60 organizations in the Top Domestic Health Affairs Think Tanks category, being the highest-ranking African Think Tank in this category. This was an improvement from 2018 where the Center ranked 17 in this same category.

CHAPTER 3

Strategic Objective 2: Develop and nurture the next generation of African research leaders

This chapter looks at the second strategic objective that highlights the Center’s efforts to build a sustainable human capital for research and development through strengthening both individual and institutional capacities for research in Africa. APHRC, through the Research and Capacity Strengthening (RCS) division works to increase the number of research leaders in the region and improve institutional capacity for research across academia. This is conducted through four programs: partnerships with universities and research institutions, fellows and internships program, research on capacity strengthening and training programs. This chapter highlights ways in which this strategic objective was met (or contributed to).

3.1. Partnerships with universities and research institutions APHRC, under the RCS division, has fostered partnerships with several organizations which are locally and internationally reputable universities, research and training institutions. The division has continued to build and expand its partnerships to keep improving graduate training, particularly the doctoral training in the broader areas of the Center’s work. During this reporting year, there were 22- partner institutions working with RCS, including 14 African institutions and 8 non-African partners. 20 partnerships were with CARTA while two were other RCS partnerships as listed in Annex 7:

Image 2: Partnerships with Universities and Research Institutions There were three new partnerships formed with both African and non-African institutions. These were RCS partnership with the Inter-University Council for East Africa (IUCEA) in Uganda and the International 13

Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) in Kenya and CARTA’s partnership with the University of Chile in Chile (working alongside the ESE:0 Chile, an existing CARTA partner). 2019 was the year with the most partnerships over the last four years, as seen in Figure 9.

The internship collaborations with the existing partnership with University of Gothenburg in 22 Sweden saw the signing of internship 19 17 Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). This will facilitate placement of its third year medical 12 students at APHRC and its other partner

institutions. No. of partnerships of No. Three institutionalization grants were also awarded 2016 2017 2018 2019 to CARTA partners to mainstream the program’s Figure 9: Trend of partnerships with universities and research institutions innovations on quality doctoral training. The institutions that benefited from this were the University of Ibadan (Nigeria), University of Nairobi (Kenya) and Moi University (Kenya). On the other hand, one institution, the University of Rwanda’s institutionalization project was culminated. Monitoring of the progress of the other ongoing partner institutions implementing institutionalization grants will still continue for the Obafemi Awolowo University, Makerere University and University of Malawi.

3.2. Fellowships and Internships

The CARTA program has fellows under doctoral, Re-entry, 35, 14% postdoctoral and re-entry grant fellowships, distributed as Post-Docs, seen in Figure 10. By the end of this reporting year, there 14, 5% were 209 doctoral fellows from CARTA enrolled in the program, of whom 24 fellows were new enrollments in

2019. Those who completed their doctoral fellowships in Doctoral, 209, 81% 2019 were 25. Under the postdoctoral fellowships there were 14 fellows enrolled in the program by the end of the reporting year, Figure 10: Distributions of fellows enrolled in the CARTA program of whom two were new postdoctoral fellows. Only two fellows completed their fellowships during this year. A total of 35 re-entry grants were awarded by the end of 2019, of which 16 were new grants awarded during this reporting year. There were no completed re-entry fellowships during the year. Thus, 12 re-entry fellowships would be ongoing into 2020. In addition, under the CARTA program, two senior faculty from the university of Ibadan and University of Nairobi were hosted at the University of Witwatersrand. 14

The ADDRF program had a total of 211 fellows enrolled in the program since its commencement. During this reporting year, seven fellows completed their fellowships (five 24 doctoral and two masters), as highlighted in Figure 11. The 16

Master’s fellowships were made possible through the Fecal 15 Number Waste Management project supported by the Bill and 11 9 Melinda Gates Foundation under the UWB Unit. Thus, 172 5 fellows have graduated from the program since its commencement. There were no new fellows as the program 2017 2018 2019 CARTA ADDRF funding had ended. Figure 11: Trends of fellows graduating with doctoral degrees In addition, there were nine research interns during this reporting year who joined through RCS and completed their internships (one intern cancelled and did not report). They were hosted in various units at the Center and in partner institutions. There were no visiting scholars enrolled during this reporting year. This was a decrease from 2018 where there were 11 research interns and six visiting scholars benefiting from opportunities at APHRC.

3.3. Publications and Research Outputs by Fellows As highlighted in Figure 12, ADDRF fellows published 31 papers. CARTA fellows published 140 papers, four book 148 140 chapters, one book, three protocols, three policy briefs, one

Number 71 review article, two conference proceedings, one blog and one 35 35 31 newsletter. Annex 2: and Annex 3: lists the publications

2017 2018 2019 developed by the fellows.

CARTA ADDRF Other than publications, CARTA fellows also developed Figure 12: Trends of Published papers by fellows proposals, which won various grants. Sixty-six grants were developed and won, with a cumulative worth USD 2 million as seen in Table 4. These were developed by a total of 60 CARTA fellows. Grants won were either research, scholarships, conferences or travel grants. Research grants formed almost half (43%) of all the grants won by fellows.

Table 4: Grants Won by Fellows Research Scholarships Conference Travel Grants Grants Grants Grants Grand Total Number of fellows who won grants 26 4 14 16 60 Number of grants won 29 3 16 18 66 Worth of grants won (USD) 1,926,963 37,374 17,542 20,915 2,002,794

3.4. Capacity strengthening activities 3.4.1. Capacity strengthening for Fellows and Faculty These include activities and events organized for fellows and faculties for capacity strengthening. The events for the fellows were:

1. CARTA - The graduate workshop held in Nairobi that had 17 CARTA graduates in attendance. In the spirit of collaboration, three graduates from non-African partners were invited and participated in the workshop. 2. CARTA - The Joint Advanced Seminars (JAS) is a four-level hierarchical program geared towards building the research capacity of the fellows and giving them an opportunity to network and collaborate. Twenty- four who started their CARTA fellowship in 2019 attended JAS1 and 23 attended JAS4. In addition, 23 other fellows attended JAS 3 and 23 others, JAS 4. 3. CARTA- Eleven (six females and five male) fellows participated in the DELTAS Africa Scientific Conference in Senegal. The female fellows also attended the GoFoWiser Forum. 4. CARTA- The Vice-Chancellors Workshop was held and brought together Vice-Chancellors of CARTA and ARUA universities and heads of CARTA research centers. Deliberations were held around innovative ways of increasing the impact of research and enhancing contribution towards research in Africa. 5. Africa Research Excellence Fund (AREF) Excell Program – The program, which is a Researcher and Leadership Development Programme that aims to transform the capabilities of the partner institutions as to enhance research capacity in global health in Africa, for Africa, led AREF fellows attending the fourth workshop of the AREF Excell Programme in Ghana. 3.4.2. Capacity Strengthening for APHRC Staff and External Participants Several capacity-strengthening events were organized by APHRC for both staff and external participants. These included:

1. The AREF fellows facilitated a mentorship training pilot program at the Center. The training session engaged participants on how to effectively seek and provide peer mentorship, improving the mentorship experience at the Center and building potential new mentor-mentee relationships. Forty staff members participated in the workshop that was facilitated by Prof. Olubayi, Chief Academic Officer at Maarifa Education. 2. In addition, the AREF fellows, in conjunction with the APHRC Human Resources Unit, organized two mentorship workshops. These workshops were part of the efforts to institutionalize the mentorship program at the Center. The first workshop had 23 research staff members. The second mentoring workshop had 25 participants and included non-research staff members from the Operations, PEC and RCS Divisions. Participants were trained on mentoring models, the mentoring process and development of Personal Development Plans (PDPs).

3. The training program organized six market-driven and competitive training workshops- three on Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (SRMA). The first SRMA training was tailored for APHRC researchers and attracted 27 participants; the Table 5: Public offered courses Courses No. of participants second tailored to WHO-HRP partner Alliance and Qualitative Data Analysis with had 29 participants drawn from across Africa. The Nvivo 25 Quantitative Data Analysis third attracted 25 participants from Kenya’s Ministry with R 25 of Health, KEMRI and APHRC. Implementation Research Methodology and Applications 24 4. There were also four public offering courses that Monitoring and Evaluation for included qualitative data analysis with Nvivo; Research Learning 24

quantitative data analysis with R; implementation research methodology and applications; and monitoring and evaluation for research learning. The number of participants for each are highlighted in Table 5. 5. Various Brownbag presentations were also held during this reporting period. Brownbags are fora for promoting dialogue and information sharing amongst colleagues within the Center. During this time, there was an increase of presentation, from 26 in 2018, to 36, as highlighted in Figure 13. This was attributed to the increase in the number of requests to hold Brownbags.

8 7 6

3 3 2 2 2 2 1

Number 0

PDRH DME UWB MCW EYE HSH AAD RCS PEC Operations External Speakers

Units/Divisions Figure 13: Distribution of Brownbag presentations by units/divisions

3.5. Innovations and Career Development As part of research capacity strengthening, career progression and development of innovations by fellows are elements the Center strives to achieve in nurturing the next generation of African leaders. An example of this is one of the CARTA fellows developed the Cardio-Pulley device (NG/PT/NC/2017/2260). The device works by improving muscular endurance and strength and aerobic exercise capacity. Another CARTA graduate and a postdoc fellow at APHRC, in partnership with the Centre for Capacity Research at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, developed new guidelines on improving research capacity strengthening evaluation practice in sub-Saharan Africa. Seven CARTA fellows received promotions, appointments and awards, which included promotions to senior lecturers, associate professors and research associates; appointments as heads of departments and institutions, members of councils and boards; and various fellowship awards. 17

CHAPTER 4

Strategic Objective 3: Engage with decision-makers using evidence to drive optimal development and implementation of policies that will have a transformative impact on lives in Africa.

This objective encompasses the Center’s evolving strategic direction of investing in wider efforts to export its own evidence-to-policy model, as well as shape how global development agendas are domesticated to the African context. APHRC through the Policy Engagement and Communications division touches three PEC portfolios; namely policy engagement, knowledge management and communications. In line with this, the Division reconfigured to three units, namely advocacy, synergy and visibility units. More important is PEC-led efforts to foster the vital relationships that enable the Center to contribute to meaningful action towards improving the lives of all Africans. This chapter highlights ways in which this strategic objective was met (or contributed to).

4.1. Advocacy and Policy Engagement Projects APHRC under the PEC division had two major projects on advocacy during this reporting year. These were the Immunization Advocacy Initiative (IAI) and the Innovating for Maternal and Child Health in Africa (IMCHA). The IAI project seeks to arm civil societies with technical skills in using evidence to drive advocacy priorities, for an effective level of influence on government decisions to fund a stronger and more resilient health system, with equitable and inclusive coverage of routine immunization as a foundation for that system.

IMCHA supports the implementation research, and the use of evidence to address critical knowledge gaps in policy and practice around delivering primary health care, generate tangible solutions that can be effectively scaled-up to achieve better health outcomes and equity and strengthen the uptake of MNCH results into policy and practice. The ultimate goal of this unique model is to complement the teams’ efforts to integrate the evidence they generate into policies and practices to improve maternal and child health outcomes in the targeted countries.

The Eastern African Health Policy Research Organization (EA-HPRO) is also working with 13 research teams in Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, South Sudan, Tanzania International Virtual and Uganda to translate findings from research (Outside 1% Africa) interventions into policy recommendations. 21% Regional (Within 4.2. Engagement Events Africa) 33% Policy engagement includes fora with policy and decision makers that APHRC has participated in. The types of National (Within Kenya) engagement included consultative meetings with Figure 14: Regional Distribution of engagement 45% 18 decision-makers, conferences, fora, summits, symposiums, policy cafes and dissemination workshops as well technical meetings; where the Center has presented, chaired sessions, discussants, keynote speakers, attendees etc. During this reporting year there were about 140 engagements conducted by the various units with almost half (45%) of all engagement being within Kenya as seen in Figure 14.

The leading form of engagement both nationally and internationally were conferences/fora/symposiums/ summits at 33% and 63% respectively. Technical meetings and workshops formed 38% of all engagements regionally, as seen in Figure 15.

21 20 19 18 15 14

Number 12

8 8

4 2 1 2

National (Within Kenya) Regional (Within Africa) International (outside Africa) Virtual Conferences/ Forums/ Symposiums/ Summits Consultative Meetings with Decision Makers Dissemination Workshops Technical Meetings and workshops

Figure 15: Distribution of type of engagement

Majority of the engagements, (71%) were by the research divisions as highlighted in Table 6. HSH research unit and PEC division led in the number of engagements conducted at 19% and 16% respectively. Conferences, fora, symposiums were the leading form of engagement for the Research division while consultative meetings with decision-makers was the leading form of engagement for RCS and PEC divisions.

Table 6: Engagement fora by units HSH EYE PDRH MCW UWB DME WAR0 PEC RCS Operations Grand Total Conferences/Fora/ 13 12 0 7 11 4 0 4 1 0 52 Symposiums/Summits Technical Meetings and 8 8 5 1 1 4 1 5 9 1 43 workshops Consultative Meetings 3 0 10 4 0 3 0 11 5 0 36 with Decision Makers Dissemination Workshops 3 0 1 3 0 0 0 3 3 0 13 Grand Total 27 20 16 15 12 11 1 23 18 1 144

4.3. Dissemination of Research Products to Decision Makers The Center disseminated various research products and findings to stakeholders through dissemination meetings held by various units. Afya Kwa Ukoo under HSH unit held a dissemination workshop as part of the project closeout that included members of the Garissa County Government, senior members of the local community, partner-institutions and members of the public. The Food Choices project under HSH unit also 19 held its final dissemination meeting with the County and sub-county health managers, non-governmental organizations and civil society organizations. The project, in addition, held Anglophone and Francophone webinars to disseminate the project findings.

MCW unit held a dissemination event on the early childhood development project that seeks to improve the nutrition of infants and young children living in poverty in urbanizing Sub-Saharan countries. This meeting had the Ministry of Health present as well as academia, organizations working in early childhood education, nutrition and feeding, partners and county officials.

PDRH disseminated the baseline assessment of adolescent sexual and reproductive health in Homa Bay and Narok Counties. The In-Their-Hands program had high-level policymakers at the county level attending the meeting. The preliminary findings of the assessment on the Impact of the Expanded Global Gag Rule were also disseminated.

The Fecal Waste Management project held dissemination and engagement meetings in Nakuru (Kenya) and Dar es Salaam (Tanzania). A similar event was held by the WASH project (The Urban Health Assessment: Nutrition and Water Sanitation and Hygiene) in Nairobi, drawing the participation of the City County Government, and partners such as Feed the children, Global Alliance in Improving Nutrition, Red Cross Society and Miss Koch.

APHRC also participated in the national dissemination meeting on Countdown 2030’s work in Uganda. The meeting was convened by the Makerere University School of Public Health in Kampala and was attended by representatives from the Civil Society, Ministry of Health (Uganda), World Bank and academia working in the RMNCAH sector. The results showed that Uganda had made progress in reducing the inequality gaps in the access and provision of RMNCAH services by region, between the urban and rural areas and among the poor and wealthy. However, it emerged that there is a need to understand how the urban poor are faring as they are sometimes masked by the overall statistics in urban areas.

The team, additionally, participated in dissemination fora as part of Countdown 2030 work in Niger, Uganda, and Zambia. APHRC was represented in each country, co-leading two-day work sessions with three countries in Entebbe, Uganda as a part of skills building for research uptake for Countdown to 2030 for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health East and Southern Africa Regional Initiative. The session was part of the preparation for dissemination events in Botswana, Uganda, and Zambia starting in 2020.

4.4. Collaborations with thought- leaders to develop policy and programs Some of the notable engagements have been with MCW Right to food Initiative that engaged Hon. Esther Passaris, the Nairobi County Women’s Representative in the Legislative Assembly. The team also met with a member of the County Health Committee as part of engagement with the Nairobi County Government.

The RELI project under EYE unit developed a version of the Competency Based Curriculum (CBC), which was presented to the parliamentary committee on Education through the Ministry of Education and the Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development (KICD). As at the end of the year, the version was still awaiting approval by the board of KICD before publication and dissemination.

UWB’s Fecal Waste Management project disseminated its Image 3: Hon. Esther Passaris, with the Right to Food team results and used them to develop a draft shit flow diagram for Mbarara City in Uganda. In addition, the project in collaboration with the Nation Media Group and the Ministry of Water, Sanitation and Irrigation convened the National Leadership Forum on Sanitation. The session brought together policymakers, stakeholders, and citizens for discussions on improving the sanitation sector in Kenya. APHRC was also part of the stakeholder’s forum by Kenya’s Ministry of Water and Sanitation to review and provide input on the water harvesting and storage, and water and sewage service provider’s regulations.

Under RCS Division CARTA held bi-annual VCS meetings in Rwanda and combined it with a meeting with ARUA VCs to discuss how they can work together to achieve impact.

Image 4: National Leadership Forum in Kenya

4.5. Citations and mentions of APHRC research This includes the number of citations the Center’s publications have received as well policies and programs informed by our research. APHRC, through the EYE was cited by the University of Cambridge as fifth most prolific sub-Saharan African institution in the African education research and tops in primary school education research category in the report on Mapping the landscape of education research by scholars based in sub- Saharan Africa: Insights from the African Education Research Database (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3242314). In addition, the United Nations 3rd Cycle Universal Periodic Review report cited APRHC’s paper on quality and access to education in urban informal settlements in Kenya (https://aphrc.org/wp- content/uploads/2013/11/ERP-III-Report.pdf). Furthermore, publications by the EYE unit have over 220

21 citations on Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=list_works&hl=en&user=TQrv6HwAAAAJ.

An article on Kenya’s maternal mortality by Africa Check cited a researcher from the HSH unit. (https://africacheck.org/reports/does-kenya-have-one-of-the-worst-maternal-mortality-rates-in-the- world/). The Center for Reproductive rights cited APHRC’s research on abortion in Kenya as part of its submissions in a landmark case against Ministry of Health.

The RCS publication, under CARTA project, on repositioning Africa in global knowledge production published in the Lancet (DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31068-7) has been a high performer in Altmetrics since its publication, and is among the top 5% of all research outputs scored by Altmetrics https://www.altmetric.com/details/47303349 .

Other citations include:

 Publications by CARTA fellows were also cited in the article on the truth about family estrangement by BBC Africa (https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190328-family-estrangement-causes, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12126-017-9305-7)  Oesophageal Cancer cited by Kenya’s Business Daily newspaper (https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/lifestyle/fitness/Tackling-oesophageal-cancer-risk-in- Kenya/4258372-5234578-eb6kshz/index.html)  Bedbugs and the effect they have on health quoted in Uganda’s Daily Monitor newspaper (https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/HealthLiving/Bed-bugs-too-can-affect-your-health/689846- 5177410-109e93i/index.html).

4.6. Social Media Campaigns and Media Hits The Center through the PEC division incorporates both corporate communications and development of policy approach to signature issues. The Center uses various social media sites for publication engagement and communication. This includes Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube and the Table 7: Blogs and articles published by units APHRC website. During this reporting year, Twitter remained the most active Blogs and platform. In the last half of the year, Facebook and LinkedIn accounts were Units Articles DME 6 revived to increase the Center’s reach. There was also more multimedia EYE 3 content going into the YouTube channel with 12 videos uploaded. The Center HSH 8 MCW 6 ran various twitter campaigns during this reporting year. These were the PDRH 7 Breastfeeding Week, West Africa regional office launch, Women Deliver and UWB 1 PEC 9 Right to Food. Annex 8: gives the analytics for each of the sites. Note that the RCS 2 Total 42 analytics for the APHRC website were from September to December 2019 for when the new site went live. 22

Several researchers were interviewed on platforms such as television radio and podcasts and is listed in Annex 9: . The Center also developed various blogs and articles as seen in Table 7 with PEC and HSH having the highest number of articles published. CARTA and ADDRF fellows also developed 3 articles. Annex 4: gives a list of the blogs and articles. Both international and local media have called on APHRC’s researchers to provide their expert opinion on various issues.

4.7. Capacity Strengthening Activities on Policy Engagement This includes the capacity building activities that were held for APHRC staff and its partners. The PEC division under its various advocacy projects carried out capacity strengthening activities across various countries. These were Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Uganda, Kenya, Namibia, Sierra Leone, Burundi and China. About 500 participants in total benefitted from the policy engagement capacity strengthening. Among these activities was a two-day work session by PEC with three countries in Entebbe, Uganda that was part of skills- building for research uptake for Countdown to 2030 for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health East and Southern Africa Regional Initiative. The session was part of the preparation for dissemination events in Botswana, Uganda, and Zambia starting in March. There was also a knowledge translation skills-building webinar for members of eight countries supported by the Countdown to 2030 initiative in East and Southern Africa and West and Central Africa regional initiatives in March. As a result of the training, three countries were able to develop policy briefs from their health equity analyses that have informed discussions with different stakeholders. The team also facilitated training for nine women researchers from the Mawazo Institute on how to use communication tools and products to engage different stakeholders such as policymakers, communities, and the media. They also guided them on writing policy and evidence briefs, developing a policy engagement plan and drafting key messages.

The research division conducted various policy-engagement capacity development. The EYE unit participated in a three-day training on engaging the media at Aga Khan University. The West African office in Senegal held the first West and Central Africa Health Facility data analysis workshop that sought to enhance the country capacity for analysis of health facility data, generating evidence of sub national progress towards Universal Health Coverage. The PDRH unit under CPSE supported the training for over 20 youth organization leaders on promoting the use of data and evidence in strategic communication, advocacy and policy work. The RCS Division under the CARTA Program facilitated two Policy Engagement Training in Nairobi in Kenya and Dakar in Senegal. Annex 10: gives the breakdown of capacity strengthening events held by PEC.

As part of capacity strengthening, PEC is leading a partnership with IUSSP where four researchers will undergo training on policy-informed research. This partnership will further expand with an additional 14 fellows recruited in November. APHRC and IUSSP have signed a MoU to train these researchers on how to disseminate their evidence to different audiences.

CHAPTER 5

Strategic Objective 4: Create operational efficiencies in systems and processes for maximum programmatic impact.

The Operations Division at APHRC provides support services in the areas of finance, internal audit, human resources, business development, information technology, facilities and administration. To enhance service delivery and to provide operational efficiencies, the Division seeks to re-engineer the Center’s business processes through effective implementation of information communication technology. The Center pursues non-routine priorities such as automation and integration of processes- monitoring, evaluation and learning, restructuring for expansion, resource sharing and talent management through the divisions and their units. This chapter highlights ways in which this strategic objective was met (or contributed to).

5.1. Best practices for Operational Efficiencies

The following outlines the new systems and processes that were best practices that ensured operational efficiencies:

1. ERP Platform Roll-out that encompasses the finance, Human Resources, Procurement, portal and funds and grants management systems. 2. The installation of the Network Access Control (NAC) for improved cyber security. 3. The Annual Automated Offsite Backup with Safaricom was developed to store data remotely real time. 4. Formally recognized as a Research Institution through the issuance of a Certificate of Registration by the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI). 5. Various policies, guidelines and related documents were developed:  Standard Operating Manual for all APHRC Projects (SOMAP) was finalized and ready for piloting.  Institutional Monitoring and Evaluation Framework 2019-2021 is a guide to the institutional performance monitoring and review processes for the Center in line with APHRC’s Strategic Plan 2017-2021.  The Safeguarding Policy document provides a framework for implementing activities in a way that minimizes the risk of harm, exploitation and abuse, both at our offices and in the communities where the Center works.  Review Report on the business development systems and processes - Aimed at understanding whether our business development practices were effective, efficient and fit for purpose in line with the Center’s level of growth.

 Planning tool for PEC that guides the mapping of international days, conferences and other events that will be shared with research teams to guide content planning for our social media platforms and media engagement channels  The RCS Division developed Terms of Reference for CARTA Board Members, revised CARTA partnership guidelines; postdoctoral award guidelines; Revised CARTA doctoral fellowship selection processes; Adopted mixed video and web-based platform for the digitization of CARTA pedagogical approaches; Adopted research and outcome harvesting approaches to inform midterm CARTA evaluation 6. Training programs introduced an output-based training whereby all participants in our training workshops are tasked with at least one tangible deliverable e.g. systematic reviews, or proposals for submission. 7. The Cultural Shift Program commenced and began with a 360 degree-assessment of senior managers, individual coaching and group training. The program will continue to focus on work life balance, maintaining a culture of excellence and the culture of speaking up. 8. Ulwazi Place was launched as a training and conference center. The launch was officiated by the Deputy President of Kenya. 9. Operationalizing of the WARO- The office started with two ongoing projects; a girls’ education (Improving Girls Education) project and Countdown 2030. Strategic partnerships with a few organizations have been developed such as with the Forum for African Women Educationalists (FAWE). The launch of the bureau was graced by members of the Board, representatives from the Ministries of Health and Finance in Senegal, FAWE, Speak Up! Africa, IRESSEF among other friends of APHRC in the region. 10. APHRC has continued to adhere to the set benchmarks in dealing with funders, fellows, partners and staff. One example of this was the recognition by external auditors, who stated that policies and processes for the CARTA program were being well implemented and should be used as an example to other programs.

5.2. Annual Income, Expenditure and Burn Rates

In 2019, the allocated budget for project implementation was at USD 24 million compared to USD 20 million in 2018. The 2019 expenditure was at USD 18.42 million up from 2018 that was at USD 15.18 million. The income for the year 2019 USD 18.38 million up from 2018 that was USD 16.2 million. Thus, the surplus for the year as USD 138,752, a decrease from 2018, as seen in Figure 16. Annex 6: gives the list of APHRC funders.7

The overall burn rate for the Center was at 77% up from Figure 16: Annual Budget, Expenditure and Income in USD 75% in 2018. The lowest burn rates were seen in PDRH and UWB as seen in Figure 17.

Figure 17: Burn Rates per unit

7 For further disaggregates refer to the APHRC Financials Report 2019 26

5.3. Human Resources By the end of the reporting year, there were 170 regular staff, an increase of 34 from the beginning of the year as seen in Figure 19. In total, there were 51 new employees, which is more than double the number who joined in 2018.The data excludes consultants, interns and temporary staff. As illustrated in Figure 18, there were more female than male employees. The net turnover rate was at 4.9% with 14 staff leaving the organization during the year. This was a decrease from last year which was 9.7%, with 16 staff leaving in 2018. Figure 19: Trend of number of employees Being an organization that is African in reach, staff were from various countries including Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria, Senegal, Ghana, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Burkina Faso, Mali, Zimbabwe,

Malawi as well as Spain and America. Figure 18: Distribution of employees by gender

In addition to nine research interns as seen in section 3.2, there were four interns who were placed in the Operations Division.

5.4. Business Development The go –no go process was operationalized during this reporting year to strategically approach fundraising, appreciating the fact that there is an opportunity cost for the time spent in writing proposals. The reviving of the go-no-go decision process was crucial as it had not been fully- implemented in the last five years or so. There were 45 go - no go synopses developed, out of which 96% were approved for proposals development as seen in Table 8. The success rate for the proposal submitted is highlighted in Chapter 1 Section 2.2. Data completeness rate in the SMT Quarterly Unit reports submitted was 100% with all sections filled out and giving the relevant information.

Table 8: Go- no go synopses summary Indicators PDRH EYE MCW HSH UWB DME AAD WARO RCS PEC Proposals submitted that have gone 0 4 19 11 2 2 0 0 7 0 through the go-no go process

Synopses approved by the go-no go 0 4 18 10 2 2 0 0 7 - Synopses rejected by the go-no go 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 -

5.5. Internal audit The Internal Audit Office conducted six audits on the IT network infrastructure, APHRC internal manual audit, benefits and allowances management, donor contract management, projects expenditure and staff outsourcing. Three follow- ups on the implementation status from the recommendations of the audit reports 27 were also conducted. The Unit also conducted a review of the risk register. One follow-up on the recommendations was conducted that yielded a risk mitigation action; that is the LGBTQ Statement.

CHAPTER 6 Key Challenges and Lessons Learnt

A number of challenges were experienced in the various units. The following highlights cross cutting challenges and lessons learnt. Unit-specific challenges and lessons learnt can be found in the Unit-specific reports:

Challenges Lessons learnt 1. Low burn rates with some projects having to - Better planning and reporting. request for no cost extension. The - Continuous engagement of program staff on (over)involvement of some donors has project status, adjusting project budgets impacted burn- rates, especially those of larger according to work-plan e.g. allowing for at least grants. 2 months of seeking ethical review. Factor this into the work-plan. - Comprehensively involve funders in the inception workshop/phase as well as designated senior (ELT-level) staff. 2. Project teams sometimes digress from - Emphasis to always be highlighted during approved work-plans and budgets without inception meetings. consulting the development unit to seek No- objection from funders. 3. Programs and projects requesting and - Program and projects should inform/engage implementing no- cost extensions without program accountants before making no- cost engaging program accountants. extension requests. - Development officers to be fully involved in the units they support, including attending periodic unit meetings so that they are abreast of any changes. 4. Multiple projects ending in short span of time - Fundraise and target bigger grants.

5. Donor-related delays in project - Regular updates to the funding partners are implementation. Delays in the implementing crucial in order to avoid any surprises partners agreeing on implementation of projects. Working with intermediate project and grant managers is cumbersome, requires a lot of reporting and takes away a lot of project time.

6. Delays in receiving approvals from the Ethical - Planning for unforeseen circumstances is vital Review Boards and Committees. Some of the for the success of a project. delays resulted from confusion in NACOSTI on - Project teams must plan with sufficient time the nature of the work. allocation for ethical application and approval.

- APHRC needs to work out a clear understanding with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Immigration, and NACOSTI to avoid this occurrence. 7. Staffing needs- Staffing needs including WARO - Need to hire the necessary discipline experts. office. - It may be essential to hire full-time staff for copy editing and proofreading so that these activities are performed in-house rather than through consultants. 8. Recruitment of facilitators remains a great - It is important to build a pool (database) of challenge especially on the technical courses facilitators i.e. at least three competent offered facilitators for every technical course we offer.

9. ERP Finalization took longer than anticipated - Proposals and work-plans of such projects need and implementation had delays. The whole to be benchmarked comprehensively. process also needed a lot of staff time. - Establish realistic timelines that must then be strictly adhered to. 10. Problematic internet connection and - Address the intermittent internet connection Intermittent Internet connection during training issues. workshop. OMNI and other banking software - Need to continually engage with IT to address do not work due to firewall controls. system problems.

CHAPTER 7

Key Priorities for the Year 2020

Each unit identified the following key priorities for the year 2020:

Data Measurement and Evaluation Unit 1. Continue to deliver on its internal mandate in a collaborative manner of supporting internal units, and collaborators to develop a recognized niche in policy-relevant research. 2. Lead efforts to establish a regional Microdata repository for Population and Health Statistics and Surveys to enhance data discoverability and promote responsible open data sharing in Africa 3. Spearhead the role of investing human resources in data- mining, statistical learning, and data analytics. To achieve this, DME will establish collaborations with research and academic institutions in the North and South to ensure sustainability, continuity and a large volume of high quality outputs.

Health Systems for Health Unit 1. Strategic fundraising for non-communicable diseases, health systems and antimicrobial resistance to help the unit achieve its strategic objectives as set out in the strategic plan 2. Recruit postdoc/associate research scientist with core funding support to support management of projects and fundraising 3. Develop and nurture collaborations within the Center, with other research institutes and deliberately try to expand our reach to the wider sub-Saharan African region. This will be achieved through the proposed work in the non-communicable diseases, health systems and anti-microbial resistance work strands.

Maternal and Child Wellbeing Unit 1. Continue to explore partnerships with different Units at the Center in project implementation and fundraising, continue building existing partnerships and exploring new partnerships. 2. Develop a concept on assessing the prevalence of maternal mental health disorders in the region, expanding the research focus on a group of populations usually ignored. i.e. women who experienced pregnancy outcomes including spontaneous and induced miscarriages, and stillbirths. 3. Slowly start exploring work in West Africa particularly Senegal. The unit has one proposal to that effect. 4. Continue to take opportunities to engage the public and the policy makers for impact.

Population Dynamics and Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights Unit 1. Prioritize and design significant and multi-million, multi-country grants proposals in collaboration with key partners. 2. Improve policy engagement activities, publications, and dissemination materials on the signature issues of the unit. 31

Urbanization and Wellbeing Unit 1. Seek for opportunities to develop four emerging sub-themes within the Unit relating to migration and urbanization, GIS and remote sensing, urban air quality and water, sanitation and hygiene and their linkages to urban health outcomes. 2. Pursue the operationalization of the Memorandum of Understanding with Statistics Sierra Leone on developing data on slum systems for health and wellbeing in urban Africa. 3. Work on spatial planning and environmental impacts on health and wellbeing in the urban context 4. Continue with the faecal waste management project and seek for opportunities to deepen the focus on the same. 5. Pursue funding opportunities for work on urban air quality with University of Birmingham and other partners.

Education and Youth Empowerment Unit 1. Making education systems in Africa more inclusive and equitable. One new funding partner identified for a multi-year project on inclusive and equitable education. The Unit intends to partner with like-minded institutions/units to work on a research project outside East Africa. Establish partnership with a national and or regional policy partner for enhanced policy influence. Partnerships with the East African Community are already being discussed. Implement the use of at least one modern technology based model for improving education practice. Design and implement a research project in at least one sub-Saharan African country outside East Africa. Recruit at least one research staff, at the post-doc level or above, from outside Kenya. Influence policy on inclusive and equitable education in at least one of the countries in SSA (references/ citations, quotations and mentions of research work) 2. Understanding pathways to productive human capital in Africa. One new funding partner identified for a multi-year project to investigate pathways to productive human capital in Africa. The Unit intends to collaborate with like-minded institutions/units to work on a research project on youth development outside Kenya. Establish partnership with a national and or regional policy partner for enhanced policy influence. Design and implement at least one research idea on youth development e.g. empowering youth to create employment. Focus on youth development issues in Africa. Evidence on youth development utilized for decision-making and policy influence. 3. Alignment of education policies to national development goals. Collaborate with internal and or external partners to initiate work on Higher Education. Generate evidence on the linkages between education policies and national development agenda. Design and implement projects with Universities within the CARTA network in SSA. Evidence on higher education utilized for decision- making and policy influence.

Partnerships with Universities to Strengthen Doctoral Training 1. Carrying out Research and evaluation of the CARTA Program at 10 years. 2. Organizing CARTA 10 Years Scientific Conference which will include showcasing of research by CARTA fellows, graduates and focal persons, dissemination of findings of research and evaluation of the CARTA midterm and launching of digitized CARTA products. 3. Unveiling of the Future Direction of CARTA while considering additional funding and funding partners

Internships and Fellowships 1. PhD Completion of fellows 2. Host a Grant Writing Workshop for West Africa 3. Publish the ADDRF Evaluation books

Policy Engagement and Communications Division 1. Events and campaigns to mark International Day of Women and Girls in Science, International Women’s Day, World Breastfeeding Week and World Population Day. 2. Targeted strategic media engagement such as more opinion articles and feature stories. 3. Capacity building for researchers through writing workshops, public speaking training and media training. 4. Enhance collaboration with media by capacity strengthening on APHRC’s work streams. 5. Capacity strengthening in evidence use, policy advocacy and communications, monitoring and evaluation for policy and decisions makers across all projects. 6. Diversification of multimedia products e.g. podcasts, webinars, sound bites, infographics etc. 7. Actively seek new areas of collaboration across units to build and enhance synergy. 8. Seek funding and expand partnerships for policy engagement and advocacy projects. 9. Develop a series of public lectures to create visibility for APHRC’s work.

Office of Director of Operations 1. Ulwazi Place Operationalization. 2. Maximization of ERP Usage. 3. WARO Systems Strengthening, linkages and Investment Plan Renewal. 4. Fund Manager Role Exploration. 5. Commercial strategy refinement.

Development Unit 1. Operationalize the Commercial Strategy. 2. Revamp Partnership Management. 3. Operationalize the M&E Framework. 4. Efficiently use the ERP to enhance grants management.

Internal Audit Unit 1. Assurance and compliance activities. 2. Risk Management. 3. Review of audit recommendations implementation status.

Information Technology (IT) Unit 1. Auditorium audio visual upgrade. 2. Senegal Data Replication site. 3. Network expansion: Purchase 4 extra 48 port switches to be added onto the current existing network in 3rd and 2nd floors to accommodate new users.

Finance Unit 1. Implement the timesheet system and payroll system in Serenic Navigator.

Human Resources Unit 1. Talent acquisition – support program teams to obtain the right number and type of talent to implement and achieve their objectives. 2. Staff training and development – enhance staff skills for personal and organizational development. 3. Minimize and manage risks associated with HR activities. This involves reviewing different laws relating to employment laws for compliance. 4. Staff welfare – ensure staff are adequately insured.

CHAPTER 8

Conclusion

This reporting year 2019 has been one of many achievements; from operationalizing the West African Regional office in Senegal, acquiring new research grants with further collaborations with various partners to expanding the Center’s reach in Africa. Considerable ground has been covered in the implementation of the Strategic Plan 2017-2021.

Priority for the year 2020 shall be to continue with the same momentum of striving for excellence in its quest to address the signature and synergy issues: in line with national, regional and global agendas. The Center shall also seek to build on networks and partnerships to maximize regional reach and effectively contribute to policy intervention.

ANNEXES

Annex 1: APHRC Publications Published papers

1. Ouedraogo, R. Gyasi, R.M., Yeboah, A.A., Mensah, C.M. and Addae, E.A. (2019). Neighborhood, social isolation and mental health outcome among older people in Ghana. Journal of Affective Disorders, 259:154-163. 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.024 2. Improving Health in Slums Collaborative. (2019). A protocol for a multi-site, spatially-referenced household survey in slum settings: methods for access, sampling frame construction, sampling, and field data collection. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 19,109. 10.1186/s12874-019-0732-x 3. Abass, K., Owusu, A. F. S. and Gyasi, R. M. (2019). Market vegetable hygiene practices and health risk perceptions of vegetable sellers in urban Ghana. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 29(2)221-236. 10.1080/09603123.2018.1535057 4. Aboderin, I. (2019). Toward a Fit-for-purpose Policy Architecture on Long-term Care in Sub-Saharan Africa: Impasse and a Research Agenda to Overcome it. Journal of Long-Term Care,2019:119-126. https://journal.ilpnetwork.org/articles/5/ 5. Abuya, B. A., Mutisya, M., Onsomu, E. O., Ngware, M., and Oketch, M. (2019). Family Structure and Child Educational Attainment in the Slums of Nairobi, Kenya. SAGE Open, 9(2)2158244019855840. 10.1177/2158244019855849 6. Addo, E. B., Amankwaa, G. and Gyasi, R. M. (2019). Physicochemical and bacteriological quality of sachet water used by Ghanaian university students: Implications for public health. Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 9(1)56-63. 10.2166/washdev.2019.109 7. Adeniyi, O. V., Obi, C. L., Ter Goon, D., Iweriebor, B., Ajayi, A. I., Lambert, J., and Okoh, A. (2019). HIV-1 Drug Resistance Surveillance among Parturient Women on Anti-Retroviral Therapy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: Implications for Elimination of Mother-To-Child Transmission. Journal of Clinical Virology. 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.06.003 8. Agunbiade, O.M. and Gilbert, L. (2019). "The night comes early for a woman: Menopause and sexual activities among urban older Yoruba men and women in Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Women & Aging. 10.1080/08952841.2019.1593772 9. Ajayi, A. I., Owolabi, E. O., & Olajire, O. O. (2019). Alcohol use among Nigerian university students: prevalence, correlates and frequency of use. BMC Public Health, 19(1)752. 10.1186/s12889-019-7104-7 10. Ajayi, A.I. and Okeke, S.R. (2019). Protective sexual behaviours among young adults in Nigeria: influence of family support and living with both parents. BMC Public Health, 19;983. 10.1186/s12889-019-7310-3 11. Ajayi, A.I. and Olamijuwon, E.O. (2019). What predicts self-efficacy? Understanding the role of sociodemographic, behavioural and parental factors on condom use self-efficacy among university students in Nigeria. PloS ONE, 14(8)e0221804. 10.1371/journal.pone.0221804 12. Ajayi, A.I., Mudefi, E., Adeniyi, O.V. and Goon, D.T. (2019). Achieving the first of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 targets: understanding the influence of HIV risk perceptions, knowing one's partner's status and discussion of HIV/sexually transmitted infections with a sexual partner on uptake of HIV testing. International Health, ihz056. 10.1093/inthealth/ihz056 13. Ajayi, AI., Ismail, K.O. and Akpan, W. (2019). Factors associated with consistent condom use: a cross- sectional survey of two Nigerian universities. BMC Public Health, 19(1)1207. 10.1186/s12889-019-7543- 1

14. Amugsi, D. A., Dimbuene, Z.T. and Kyobutungi, C. (2019). Correlates of the double burden of malnutrition among women of reproductive age: a cross country analysis of survey data from five sub-Saharan African Countries. 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029545. 15. Amugsi, D., Mwangi, J.N., Haregu, T., Aboderin, I. and Muindi, K. (2019). Solid Waste Management Policies in Kenya: the silence on the plight of women and children (in press, Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management).. Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334330851_Solid_Waste_Management_Policies_in_Kenya _the_silence_on_the_plight_of_women_and_children_in_press_Journal_of_Solid_Waste_Technology _and_Management 16. Amugsi, D.A., Haregu, T.N. and Mberu, B.U. (2019). Levels and determinants of perceived health risk from solid wastes among communities living near to dumpsites in Kenya. Int. J Environ Health Res, 1(12). 10.1080/09603123.2019.1597834 17. Arimiyaw, A. W., Abass, K. & Gyasi, R. M. (2019). On-farm urban vegetable farming practices and health risk perceptions of farmers in Kumasi Metropolis. GeoJournal. 10.1007/s10708-019-10003-7 18. Asiki G., O'Hara, G., Mokaya, J., Hau, J. P., Downs, L. O., McNaughton, A. L., Karabarinde, ... and Newton, R. (2019). Liver function tests and fibrosis scores in a rural population in Africa: estimation of the burden of disease and associated risk factors. medRxiv. 10.1101/19000968 19. Asiki, G., Brewis, A., Workman, C., Wutich, A., Young, S., and HWISE Consortium (2019). Household water insecurity is strongly associated with food insecurity: Evidence from 27 sites in low- and middle-income countries. American Journal of Human Biology, e23309. 10.1002/ajhb.23309 20. Asiki, G., Chajès, V., Gibson, L. J., Biessy, C., Slimani, N. and Dossus (2019). Trends of serum phospholipid fatty acids over time in rural Uganda: Evidence of nutritional transition?. British Journal of nutrition, 121(2)130-136. 10.1017/S0007114518003227 21. Asiki, G., Davis, C., Mgomella, G. S., da Silva Filipe, A., Frost, E. H., Giroux, G., Hughes, J., Hogan, C., Kaleebu, P., McLauchlan, J., Niebel, M., Ocama, P., Pomila, C., Pybus, O.G., Pépin, J., Simmonds, P., Singer, J.B., Sreenu, V.B., Wekesa, C., Young, E.H., Murphy, D.G., Sandhu, M. and Thomson, E.C. (2019). Highly Diverse Hepatitis C Strains Detected in Sub-Saharan Africa Have Unknown Susceptibility to Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatments. Hepatology, 69(4)1426-1441. 10.1002/hep.30342 22. Asiki, G., Kuchenbaecker, K., Telkar, N., Reiker, T., Walters, R. G., Lin, K., Eriksson, A. and Karaleftheri, M. (2019). The transferability of lipid-associated loci across African, Asian and European cohorts: Supplementary Tables and Figures. Nature communications. 10.1101/525170. 23. Asiki, G., Mayanja, Y., Abaasa, A., Namale, G., Price, M. A. and Kamali, A. (2019). Factors associated with vaccination completion and retention among HIV negative female sex workers enrolled in a simulated vaccine efficacy trial in Kampala, Uganda. BMC Infectious Diseases, 19;725. 10.1186/s12879-019-4328- 1 24. Asiki, G., Newton, R., Marions, L., Kamali, A. and Smedman, L. (2019). The effect of childhood stunting and wasting on adolescent cardiovascular diseases risk and educational achievement in rural Uganda: a retrospective cohort study. Global Health Action. 10.1080/16549716.2019.1626184. 25. Asiki, G., Nonterah, E.A., Boua, P.R., Klipstein‐Grobusch, K., Micklesfield, L.K., Agongo, G., Ali, S.A., Mashinya, F., Sorgho, H., Nakanabo‐Diallo, S. and Debpuur, C. (2019). Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors and HIV are Associated With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Adults From Sub-Saharan Africa: Findings From H3Africa AWI-Gen Study.. Journal of the American Heart Association, 8(14)e011506. 10.1161/JAHA.118.011506

26. Asiki, G., Stockdale, L., Nalwoga, A., Nash, S., Elias, S., Kusemererwa, S., ... and MacLennan, C. A. (2019). Cross-sectional study of IgG antibody levels to invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella LPS O-antigen with age in Uganda.. Gates Open Research, 3;1501. 10.12688/gatesopenres.13034.1 27. Asiki, G., Stockdale, L., Nash, S., Nalwoga, A., Gibson, L., Painter, H., Raynes, J., Newton, R. and Fletcher, H. (2019). HIV, HCMV and mycobacterial antibody levels: a cross-sectional study in a rural Ugandan cohort. Tropical Medicine International Health, 24(2)247-257. 10.1111/tmi.13188 28. Asiki, G., Tlale, L. B., Morake, B., Lesetedi, O., Maribe, L., Masweu, M. and Faye, C. (2019). Data quality self-assessment of child health and sexual reproductive health indicators in Botswana, 2016-2017. PloS ONE, 14(8)e0220313.. 10.1371/journal.pone.0220313 29. Bakibinga, P., Bauer, G. F., Roy, M., Contu, P., Downe, S., Eriksson, M., Espnes, G.A., Jensen, B.B., Juvinya D., Lindström, b., Mana, A., Mittelmark, M.B., Morgan, A.R., Pelikan, J.M., Saboga-Nunes, L., Sagy, S., Shorey, S., Vaandrager, L., Vinje, H.F. (2019). Future directions for the concept of salutogenesis: a position article. Health Promotion International. 10.1093/heapro/daz057 30. Bakibinga, P., Kisia, L., Matanda,D. and Mutombo, N. (2019). Factors Associated with the Use of Long- Acting and Permanent Contraceptives among Married Women in Zambia: Analysis of Demographic and Health surveys, 1992-2014. Reproductive Health 2019, 16(78). 10.1186/s12978-019-0741-6 31. Chikozho C., Kadengye D.T., Orindi, B. O., and Wamukoya, M. (2019). Leaving-No-One Behind? Analysis of Trends in Access to Water and Sanitation Services in the Slum Areas of Nairobi, 2003-2015. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. 10.2166/washdev.2019.174. 32. De Vita, M. V., De Vita, M. V., Scolfaro, C., Santini, B., Lezo, A., Gobbi, F., Buonfrate, D., Kimani-Murage, E.W., Macharia, T., Wanjohi,M., Rovarini, J. M. and Morino, G. (2019). Malnutrition, morbidity and infection in the informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya: An epidemiological study. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 45(1)12. 10.1186/s13052-019-0607-0 33. Dianatia, K., Zimmermanna, N., Milner, J., Muindi, K., Ezeh, A., Chege, M., Mberu, B., Kyobutungi, C., Fletcher, H., Wilkinson, P., and Davies, M. (2019). Household air pollution in Nairobi's slums: A long-term policy evaluation using participatory system dynamics. Science of the Total Environment. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.430. 34. Donfouet, H.P.P., Agesa, G. and Mutua, M.K. (2019). Trends of inequalities in childhood immunization coverage among children aged 12-23 months in Kenya, Ghana, and Côte d'Ivoire. BMC Public Health, 19(988). 10.1186/s12889-019-7309-9 35. Donfouet, H.P.P., Wekulo, P.K., Murage, E., Onyango, S.O., Wanjohi, M. N., Murdock, D., Nyamor, G. Munsongo, K. and Okelo, K.O. (2019). An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Community-Based Parenting Empowerment Program to Improve Nurturing Care of Young Children in Kenya and Zambia. International Journal of Clinical Trials, 6(3)122-128. 10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20193215 36. Eshete,A., Alemu,A. and Zerfu, T. (2019). Magnitude and Risk of Dying among Low Birth Weight Neonates in Rural Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2019(10)43473. 10.1155/2019/9034952 37. Fattorini, M., Wilunda, C., Raguzzoni, G., Quercioli, C., Messina, G., Fantini, M.P. and Putoto, G. (2019). Strengthening Routine Immunization Services in an Angolan Comuna: The Fight against the Burden of Unvaccinated Children in the Sustainable Development Goals Era. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,16(22)4572. 10.3390/ijerph16224572 38. Fayehun, O., Ajayi, A.I., Onuegbu, C. and Egerson, D. (2019). Age heaping among adults in Nigeria: evidence from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys 2003-2013. Journal of Biosocial Science, 43473. 10.1017/S0021932019000348

39. Guodaar, L., Asante, F., Eshun, G., Abass, K., Afriyie, K., Appiah, D. O., Gyasi, R. M., Atampugre, G., Addai, P. and Kpenekuu, F. (2019). How do climate change adaptation strategies result in unintended maladaptive outcomes? Perspectives of tomato farmers. International Journal of Vegetable Science. 10.1080/19315260.2019.1573393 40. Gyasi, R. M. (2019). Social support, physical activity and psychological distress among community- dwelling older Ghanaians. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 81;142-148. 10.1016/j.archger.2018.11.016 41. Gyasi, R. M. Ouedraogo, R. and Attané, A. (2019). Aging in the Context of HIV/AIDS: Spaces for Renegotiation and Recomposition of Mutual Solidarity in Burkina Faso. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care,18. 10.1177/2325958219881402. 42. Gyasi, R. M., Phillips, D. R. and Abass, K. (2019). Social support networks and psychological wellbeing in community-dwelling older Ghanaian cohorts. International Psychogeriatrics,31(7)1047-1057. 10.1017/S1041610218001539 43. Gyasi, R. M., Adam, A. M. and Phillips, D. R. (2019). Financial inclusion, health services use and health outcomes among non-institutionalized older Ghanaians.. Research on Ageing. 10.1177/0164027519846604 44. Gyasi, R. M., Adu-Gyamfi, S., Awuah, D. B., Oware, R. and Ampadu, S. K. (2019). Western Medicine in a Community in Ghana: A Social Change Review. Social Change Review. 10.1080/09603123.2018.1535010.2478/scr-2019-0002 45. Gyasi, R. M., and Phillips, D. R. (2019). Aging and the Rising Burden of Non-communicable Diseases in sub-Saharan Africa and Other Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Call for Holistic Action.. The Gerontologist. 10.1093/geront/gnz102 46. Gyasi, R. M., and Phillips, D. R. (2019). Demography, socioeconomic status and health services utilization in older Ghanaians: Implications for health policy.. Ageing International. 10.1007/s12126-018-9343-9 47. Gyasi, R. M., and Phillips, D. R. (2019). Risk of psychological distress among community-dwelling older adults experiencing spousal loss in Ghana. The Gerontologist. 10.1093/geront/gnz052 48. Gyasi, R. M., Phillips, D. R.and David, R. (2019). Explaining the gender gap in health services use in Ghanaian community-dwelling older cohorts. Women & Health. 10.1080/03630242.2019.1587666 49. Iddi, S., Li, D., Aisen, P. S., Rafii, M. S., Thompson, W. K., Donohue, M. C. (2019). Predicting the course of Alzheimer's progression. Brain Informatics, 31(2). 10.1186/s40708-019-0099-0 50. Juma, K., Juma, P.A., Mohamed, S.F., Owuor, J., Wanyoike, A., Mulabi, A., Odinya, G., Njeru, M. and Yonga, G. (2019). First Africa non-communicable disease research conference 2017: sharing evidence and identifying research priorities. Journal Global Health , 8(2)20301. 10.7189/jogh.09.010201 51. Juma, K., Nyabera, R., Mbugua, S., Odinya, G., Jowi, J., Ngunga, M., Zakus, D. and Yonga, G. (2019). Cardiovascular risk factors among people living with HIV in rural Kenya: a clinic-based study.. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 30(1)52-56. 10.5830/CVJA-2018-064 52. Kabila, A., Gyasi, R. M. and Guodaar, L. (2019). New Wine in Old Wine Skin': Public Perceptions of NHIS Per-Capita Payment System and Implications for Health- Seeking Behavior in Ghana. Journal of Social Service Research. 10.1080/01488376.2018.1537944 53. Kadengye, D.T., Iddi, S., Hunter, L., and McCoy, S.I. (2019). Effectiveness of potential interventions to change gendered social norms on prevalence of intimate partner violence in Uganda: A causal inference approach. Prevention Science. 10.1007/s11121-019-01010-8 54. Kadengye, D.T., Izudi, J., Akwang, D. G., McCoy, S.I. and Bajunirwe, F. (2019). Effect of health education on birth preparedness and complication readiness on the use of maternal health services: A propensity score-matched analysis. Journal of Midwifery, 78;78-84. 10.1016/j.midw.2019.08.003

55. Kadengye, D.T., Kemigisha, E., Zanoni, B., Bruce, K. and Menjivar, R., (2019). Prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors among adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in South Western Uganda,. AIDS Care. 10.1080/09540121.2019.1566511 56. Khisa, A.M., Gitau, E., Kilonzo, E., Otukpa, E., Vicente-Crespo, M., Ngure, P., Musasiah. J., Kyobutungi, C., Ezeh, A. and Fonn, S. (2019). Gender responsive multidisciplinary doctoral training program: the Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA) experience. Global Health Action, 12(1)1670002. 10.1080/16549716.2019.1670002 57. Kimani-Murage, E., Faye, C., Fonn, S. and Jonathan Levin (2019). Analyzing child linear growth trajectories among under-five children in two Nairobi informal settlements. Public Health Nutrition, 22(11). 10.1017/S1368980019000491 58. Kimani‐Murage, E.W., Wanjohi, M.N., Kamande, E., Macharia, T., Mwaniki, E., Zerfu, T. and Ziraba, A. (2019). Perceptions and Acceptability of Donating and Use of Donated Human Milk and Human Milk Banking in Nairobi, Kenya.. Maternal & child nutrition. 10.1111/mcn.12842 59. Kimemia, G., Ngure, K., Baeten, J.M., Celum, C., Dew, K., Njuguna, N., Mugo, N. and Heffron, R. (2019). Perceptions of pregnancy occurring among HIV-serodiscordant couples in Kenya. Reproductive Health, 16(1)85. 10.1186/s12978-019-0751-4 60. Lule SA, Namara, B., Akurut, H., Lubyayi, L., Nampijja, M., Akello, F., Tumusiime, J., Aujo, J.C., Oduru, G., Mentzer, A.J., Smeeth, L., Elliott, A.M. and Webb, E.L. (2019). Blood pressure risk factors in early adolescents: results from a Ugandan birth cohort. Journal of Human Hypertension.. Journal of Human Hypertension, 10.1038/s41371-019-0178-y 61. Massavon, W., Wilunda, C., Nannini, M., et al. (2019). Community perceptions on demand-side incentives to promote institutional delivery in Oyam district, Uganda: Akria qualitative study. BMJ Open, 9(e026851). 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026851 62. Michielsen, K., De Meyer, S., Ivanova, O., Anderson, R., Decat, P., Herbiet, C., Kabiru, C.W., Ketting, E., Lees, J., Moreau, C., Tolman, D.L., Vanwesenbeeck, I., Vega, B., Verhetsel, E. and Chandra-Mouli, V. (2019). Reorienting adolescent sexual and reproductive health research: reflections from an international conference. Reproductive Health, 13(3). 10.1186/s12978-016-0117-0 63. Moreau, C., Li, M., De Meyer, S., Vu Manh, L., Guiella, G., Acharya, R., Bello, B., Maina, B. and Mmari, K. (2019). Measuring Gender norms about relationships in early adolescence: results from the Global Early Adolescent Study. SSM - Population Health, 7. 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.10.014 64. Moseson, H., Ouedraogo, R., Diallo, S. and Sakho, A. (2019). Infanticide in Senegal: Results from an exploratory mixed-methods study. Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 27(2)1624116. 10.1080/26410397.2019.1624116 65. Motswagole, B. S., Ukegbu, P.O., Kruger, H. S., Matsha, T., Kimani-Murage, E., Monyeki, K.D., Smuts, C.M., Stuijvenberg, M. E., Norris, S.A. and Faber, M. (2019). Waist circumference percentiles of black South African children aged 10 - 14 years from different study sites. Afr J Child Health, 13(1)27-35. 10.7196/SAJCH.2019.v13i1.1543. 66. Mutua, M.K. Masters, N.B., Wagner, A.L., Carlson, B.F., Muuo, S.W. and Boulton, M.L. (2019). Childhood vaccination in Kenya: socioeconomic determinants and disparities among the Somali ethnic community. International Journal of Public Health, 64(3)313-322. 10.1007/s00038-018-1187-2 67. Mutua, M.K., Maïga, A., Jiwani, S.S., Porth, T.A., Taylor, C.M., Asiki, G., Melesse, D.Y., Day, C., Strong, K.L., Faye, C.M., Viswanathan, K., O'Neill, K.P., Amouzou, A., Pond, B.S. and Boerma, T. (2019). Generating statistics from health facility data: the state of routine health information systems in Eastern and Southern Africa. BMJ Global Health, 4(5)e001849. 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001849

68. Nampijja, M., Natamba, B., Mpango, R. and Kinyanda, E. (2019). The burden and risk factors for postnatal depression and depressive symptomatology among women in Kampala. Tropical Doctor. 10.1177/0049475519837107 69. Nkurunungi, G., Lubyayi, L., Versteeg, S.A., Sanya, R.E., Nassuuna, J., Kabagenyi, J., Kabuubi, P.N., Tumusiime, J., Zziwa, C., Kizindo, R., Niwagaba, E., Nanyunja, C., Nampijja, M., Mpairwe, H., Yazdanbakhsh, M., et al. (2019). Do helminth infections underpin urban-rural differences in risk factors for allergy-related outcomes? Clinical and Experimental Allergy. Journal of the British Society For Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 10.1111/cea.13335 70. Nkurunungi, G., van Diepen, A., Nassuuna, J., Sanya, R.E., Nampijja, M., Nambuya, I., Kabagenyi, J., Serna, S., Reichardt, N.C., van Ree, R., Webb, E.L. and Elliott, A.M., Yazdanbakhsh, M. and Hokke, C.H. (2019). Microarray assessment of N-glycan-specific IgE and IgG profiles associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection in rural and urban Uganda. Scientific Reports, 9(3522). 10.1038/s41598-019-40009-7 71. Orindi, B.O. , Lesaffre, E., Quintero, E., Sermeus, W. and Bruyneel, L. (2019). Contribution of HCAHPS specific care experiences to global ratings varies across 7 countries: what can be learned for reporting these global ratings. medical care, 0(0)0-0. 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001077 72. Peters, R., Amugsi, D.A., Mberu, B., Ensor, T., Hill, A.J., Newell, J.N. and Elsey, H. (2019). Nutrition transition, overweight and obesity among rural-to-urban migrant women in Kenya. Public Health Nutrition, 1(11). 10.1017/S1368980019001204 73. Simiyu, S., Torondel, B., Balls, E., Chisenga, C. C., Kumwenda, S., Okello, E., Morse T., Smith K., Mumma J., Banzi J., Harvey E., Chidziwisano K., Chipungu J., Grosskurth H., Beda A., Kapiga S., Esteves J., Cumming O., Cairncross S. and Chilengi R. (2019). Experiences of capacity strengthening in sanitation and hygiene research in Africa and Asia: the SHARE Research Consortium. Health Research Policy and Systems, 17(1). 10.1186/s12961-019-0478-2 74. Tabi, E., Cumber, S., Juma, K., Ngoh, E., Akum, E.A., Eyong, E.M. (2019). A cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of anaemia and malnutrition in primary school children in the Tiko Health District, Cameroon. Pan African Medical Journal, 32()111. 10.11604/pamj.2019.32.111.15728 75. Ushie, B. A., Odole, A. C., Afolabi, K. O. and Odunaiya, N. A. (2019). Views of physiotherapists from a low resource setting about physiotherapy at a distance: a qualitative study.. European Journal of Physiotherapy. 10.1080/21679169.2018.1549272 76. Ushie, B.A., Ajayi, A.I. and Udoh, E.E. (2019). Examining inequalities in access to delivery by caesarean section in Nigeria. PloS ONE, 14(8)e0221778. 10.1371/journal.pone.0221778 77. Ushie, BA. and Udoh, E. E. (2019). Determinants of antenatal HIV testing in the opt-out approach in Nigeria: findings from the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey. Journal of Biosocial Science, 7;43483. 10.1017/S0021932019000555 78. Wado, Y. D., Sully, E. and Mumah, J. (2019). Pregnancy and early motherhood among adolescents in five East African countries: A multi-level analysis of risk and protective,. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19(59). 10.1186/s12884-019-2204-z 79. Wado, Y.D., Tilahun T. and Bangha M. (2019). Contextual influences on the choice of long acting reversible and permanent methods of contraception among married women in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis,. PloS ONE, 14:1. 10.1371/journal.pone.0209602 80. Wambiya, E. O. A. Atela, M., Eboreime, E., and Ibisomi, L. (2019). Factors affecting the acceptability of isoniazid preventive therapy among healthcare providers in selected HIV clinics in Nairobi County, Kenya: a qualitative study. BMJ Open, 8(12). https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/8/12/e024286 81. Wamukoya, M., Coates, M.M., Kamanda, M., Kintu, A., Arikpo, I., Chauque, A., Mengesha, M.M., Price, A.J., Sifuna, P., Sacoor, C.N., Ogwang, S., Assefa, N., Crampin, A.C., Macete, E.V., Kyobutungi, C.2.,

Meremikwu, M.M., Otieno, W., Adjaye-Gbewonyo, K., Marx, A.,Byass, P., Sankoh, O. and Bukhman, G. (2019). A comparison of all-cause and cause-specific mortality by household socioeconomic status across seven INDEPTH network health and demographic surveillance systems in sub-Saharan Africa. Global Health Action, 12(1)1608013. 10.1080/16549716.2019.1608013 82. Wekesah, F. M., Mutua, E.N. and Izugbara, C.O. (2019). Gender and conservation agriculture in sub- Saharan Africa: a systematic review. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 17(1)78-91. 10.1080/14735903.2019.1567245 83. Wekesah, F.M., Kyobutungi, C., Grobbee, D. E. and Klipstein-Grobusch, K. (2019). Understanding of and perceptions towards cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors: a qualitative study among residents of urban informal settings in Nairobi. BMJ Open, 9;e026852. 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026852 84. Wekesah, F.M., Vusirikala, A., Kyobutungi, C. and Oyebode, O. (2019). Assessment of cardiovascular risk in a slum population in Kenya: use of World Health Organisation/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) risk prediction charts - secondary analyses of a household survey. BMJ Open, 9(9)e029304. 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029304 85. Ziraba, A. K., Bakibinga, P., Kisiangani, I., N'Gbichi, C., Wambui, D. W., Njoroge, P., Noor, R., Njoroge, N., Salah, R.A. and Mohamed, E. (2019). If there are no female nurses to attend to me, I will just go and deliver at home: a qualitative study in Garissa, Kenya. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19:332. 10.1186/s12884-019-2477-2 86. Ziraba, A., Waiswa, P., Akuze, J., Moyer, C., Kwesiga, D., Arthur, S., Sankoh, O., Welaga, P., Bangha, M., Eminas, J., Muuo, S., Kerber, K. and INDEPTH Network MNCH team (2019). Status of birth and pregnancy outcome capture in Health Demographic Surveillance Sites in 13 countries. International Journal of Public Health. 10.1007/s00038-019-01241-0 87. Ngware, M.W., Ciera, J.M., Musyoka, P.K. and Mutisya, M. (2019) School effectiveness and academic performance in low-resourced urban settings in Kenya. Education 3-13: International Journal of Primary, Elementary and Early Years Education. 10.1080/03004279.2019.1705372 88. Otieno, P.O., Wambiya, E.O.A., Mohamed, S.F., Donfouet, H.P.P. and Mutua, M.K. (2019). Prevalence and factors associated with health insurance coverage in resource-poor urban settings in Nairobi, Kenya: a cross-sectional study. BMJ open, 9;e031543. 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031543

Supplements

89. González, R.P., Kadengye, D.T. and Mayega, R.W. (2019). The knowledge-risk-behaviour continuum among young Ugandans: what it tells us about SRH/HIV integration. BMC Public Health, 19;604-1. 10.1186/s12889-019-6809-y

Books

90. Asiki, G., Vojnovic, I., Pearson, A.L., DeVerteuil, G. and Allen, A. (2019). Handbook of Global Urban Health. https://www.routledge.com/Handbook-of-Global-Urban-Health-1st-Edition/Vojnovic-Pearson-Asiki- DeVerteuil-Allen/p/book/9781138206250 91. Konte, M., Tirivayi, N. (2019). Women and sustainable human development-Empowering women in Africa.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323572597_Women_and_Sustainable_Human_Deve lopment_-_Empowering_Women_in_Africa

Book chapters

92. Bakibinga, P., and Bakibinga, E. (2019). Access to health for the urban poor: a rights-based approach to fostering resilient and responsive health systems in sub-Saharan Africa.Handbook of Global Urban

Health. https://www.routledge.com/Handbook-of-Global-Urban-Health-1st-Edition/Vojnovic-Pearson- Asiki-DeVerteuil-Allen/p/book/9781138206250 93. Ezeh, A. and Mberu, B. (2019). Case studies in urban health: Nairobi, Kenya,Urban Health book. pg. 332- 341. 10.1093/oso/9780190915858.003.0036 94. Juma, K., Juma, P.A. and Yonga, G. (2019). Non-Communicable Disease Epidemics: Approaches to Prevention and Control in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Zamanzima, M. Epidemics and the Health of African Nations Epidemics and the Health of African Nations. pg. 167-196. 9780639995595 95. Kimani-Murage, E.W., Kimani-Murage, E.W., Nyamasege, C.K., Mutoni, S., Macharia, T., Wanjohi, M., Kamande, E.W., Mwaniki, E., Muriuki, P.G., Wekesah, F.M., Wainaina, C., Mutisya, M. and Taddese A.Z. (2019). Personalized Nutrition for Women, Infants, and Children.Trends in Personalized Nutrition, 169- 194. 10.1016/B978-0-12-816403-7.00008-8 96. Uwizeye, D., Mukama, E., Kagwesage, A. M. and Ndikubwimana, J. B. (2019). Selection of a Sample in Social Sciences Research Designs. In E. Mukama & L. Nkusi (Eds.), Research in Social Sciences and Humanities Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, pg 92-101. 9781928331971

Technical Reports

97. Abuya, B., Ngware, M., Hungi, N., Mutisya, M., Muhia, N., KitsaoWekulo, P., Mambe, S., Gathoni, G. (2019). Advancing Learning Outcomes and Leadership Skills among Children Living in Informal Settlements of Nairobi through Community Participation. Endline Report. Africa Population & Health Research Center: Nairobi. https://aphrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Endline-Report.pdf 98. Emina, J., Izugbara, C. and Bangha, M. (2019). The Implementation and Effectiveness of Sexuality Education Programs in Schools in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. African Population and Health Research Center. https://aphrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/CSE-in-DRC.pdf 99. Food Choices (2019). Benchmarking policies for creating healthy food environments in Kenya to prevent diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333118216_Benchmarking_policies_for_creating_healthy_f ood_environments_in_Kenya_to_prevent_diet-related_non- _communicable_diseases_NCDs_Healthy_Food_Environment_Policy_Index_Food- EPI_country_scorecards_and_prio 100. Mberu, B. U., Ziraba, A.K., Amugsi, D., Chumo, I. and Muindi, K. (2019). Impact of Solid Waste Management on Health: A Biomedical Study of Solid Waste Workers at Dandora Dumpsite, Nairobi, Kenya.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333017053_Impact_of_Solid_Waste_Management_ on_Health_A_Biomedical_Study_of_Solid_Waste_Workers_at_Dandora_Dumpsite_Nairobi_Kenya 101. Muindi, K. and Mberu, B. (2019). Urban refugees in Nairobi: tackling barriers to accessing housing, services and infrastructure. IIED Working Paper. IIED, London. ISBN: 978-1-78431-753-9 102. Ngware, M., Hungi, N., Ochieng, V., Kiroro, F., Wambiya, E., Muhia, N., Gathoni G. and Mambe, S. (2019). Building Capabilities for Work and Life: Assessing the Production of Core Values and Capabilities among Youth in TVET Institutions in Kenya. https://aphrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/APHRC- TVET-report.pdf 103. Sinai, I., Odour, C.O., Akeyo, D., Faye, C.M., Kadengye, D.T. and Langat, N. (2019). Monitoring the Outcomes of Orphans and Vulnerable Children Programs in Kenya: Findings from 2016-2018 Panel Data: Walter Reed Program/Henry M. Jackson Foundation Medical Research International. https://www.measureevaluation.org/resources/publications/tr-19-376

104. Sinai, I., Oduor, C. O., Akeyo, D., Faye, C. M., Kadengye, D.T. and Lang'at, N. (2019). Monitoring the Outcomes of Orphans and Vulnerable Children Programs in Kenya: Findings from 2016-2018 Panel Data: MWENDO Project. https://www.measureevaluation.org/resources/publications/tr-19-34 105. Sinai, I., Oduor, C. O., Akeyo, D., Faye, C. M., Kadengye, D.T. and Lang'at, N. (2019). Monitoring the Outcomes of Orphans and Vulnerable Children Programs in Kenya: Findings from 2016-2018 Panel Data: Timiza 90. https://www.measureevaluation.org/resources/publications/tr-19-375 106. Sinai, I., Oduor, C. O., Akeyo, D., Faye, C. M., Kadengye, D.T. and Lang'at, N. (2019). Monitoring the Outcomes of Orphans and Vulnerable Children Programs in Kenya: Findings from a 2018 Survey of Recently Enrolled Beneficiaries: MWENDO Project. https://www.measureevaluation.org/resources/publications/tr-19-373 107. Tilahun T., Wado Y. D., Bangha M., and Izugbara, C.O. (2019). Lagging fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa: Trends and patterns in selected countries. African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Kenya. https://aphrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Lagging-Fertility-Transition- Report.pdf 108. Wado, Y., Sidze, E., Njagi, J., Odour, C., Ouedraogo, R., Kadengye, D., Ochanga, S. and Odunga, S. (2019). Evaluation of the In Their Hands (ITH) Programme Report of a baseline assessment from Homa Bay and Narok Counties. https://aphrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Report-of-the-ITH-Baseline- Adolescent-SRH-study-200219.pdf 109. Wekesah, F.M., Ushie, B.A., Bangha, M., Izugbara, C.O. (2019). Gender and conservation agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa: A synthesis of evidence. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cj- K3lJO3M5nf9yewjq41i3PG9rPch4V/view

Frameworks

110. Khisa, A.M., Gitau, E., Pulford, J. and Bates, I. (2019). A Framework and Indicators to Improve Research Capacity Strengthening Evaluation Practice. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Centre for Capacity Research and African Population and Health Research Centre. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5d10a77de5274a0663251590/A_Framework_and_Indi cators_to_Improve_Research_Capacity_Strengthening_report_14jun19_FINAL_to_EM.pdf

Policy Briefs

111. Abuya, B.A. (2019). Advancing learning outcomes for transformational change: Lessons learnt from six year implementation and evaluation of an education program in Nairobi. Briefing Paper. African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya. https://aphrc.org/wp- content/uploads/2020/01/Advancing-Learning-outcomes-brief.pdf 112. Afya kwa ukoo. (2019). Afya Kwa Ukoo: Engaging cultural institutions and culturally-sensitive facility- based delivery on maternal and newborn health service utilization in Garissa. https://www.google.com/url?q=https://aphrc.org/publication/afya-kwa-ukoo-engaging-cultural- institutions-and-culturally-sensitive-facility-based-delivery-on-maternal-and-newborn-health-service- utilization-in- garissa/&source=gmail&ust=1579695282098000&usg=AFQjCNFrhVSOrH7HMXLv4kK3z7kCJrXbxw 113. Agiraembabazi, G., Waiswa, P., Adong, H., Kirund., Doughman, D., Kamau, l. and Faye, C. (2019). Leaving no woman or child behind - Addressing health inequities in Uganda. https://aphrc.org/?publications=leaving-no-woman-child-behind-addressing-health-inequalities- uganda

114. Dibaba, Y., Njagi, J., Oduor, C., Odunga, S., Ouedraogo, R., Kadengye, D., Ochanga, S. and Sidize, E. (2019). Assessment of Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health: Report of a baseline study of In Their Hands Project from Homa Bay and Narok Counties. https://aphrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ITH- Technical-brief-draft-3.pdf 115. In their Hands. (2019). Assessment of adolescents' sexual and reproductive health: A report of a baseline study of the 'In Their Hands' project from Homa Bay and Narok Counties. https://aphrc.org/wp- content/uploads/2019/07/ITH-Technical-brief-draft-3.pdf 116. Jacobs, C., Faye, C. and Kamau, l. (2019). Leaving no woman or child behind - Addressing health inequities in Zambia. https://aphrc.org/?publications=leaving-no-woman-child-behind-addressing- health-inequalities-zambia 117. Kinuthia, E., Wekulo, P., Muriuki, P., Wanjohi, M., Onyango, S., Okelo, K., Samburu, B., Mwangi, S., Kadenge, O., Mwoma, T., Kimiywe, J., Pearson, N., Haycraft, E., Kimani-Murage, E. and Griffiths, P. (2019). The Potential of the Baby-Friendly Community Initiative to Improve Early Child Development Outcomes and the Feasibility of Integrating Care for Child Development into the Package: Lessons from Koibatek County, Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: African Population and Health Research Center. https://aphrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/APHRC-Briefing-paper_BFCI-2.pdf 118. Muindi, K., Mberu, B. and Sverdlik, A. (2019). Dismantling barriers to health and wellbeing for Nairobi's refugees. https://pubs.iied.org/17714IIED/ 119. Population Dynamics and Sexual and Reproductive Health rights Unit (2019). Gender-sensitive practices key to ensuring food security through conservation agriculture. https://drive.google.com/file/d/10KwJTn3qosJ7xR_1-fUHcgz8tmKgp0HQ/view 120. Right to Food. (2019). Through their eyes and mouths: vulnerability to food insecurity among the urban poor in Nairobi. https://aphrc.org/publication/through-their-eyes-and-mouths-vulnerability-to-food- insecurity-among-the-urban-poor-in-nairobi/ 121. TVET. (2019). Strengthening whole youth development in Kenya: Can leveraging the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) training policy framework offer a solution? https://aphrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Strengthening-whole-youth-development-in- Kenya.pdf 122. Urban Nutrition. (2019). Urban health assessment: Nutrition and Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) challenges faced by children and adolescents in urban slums in Nairobi. https://aphrc.org/publication/urban-health-assessment-nutrition-and-water-sanitation-and-hygiene- wash-challenges-faced-by-children-and-adolescents-in-urban-slums-in-nairobi/

Annex 2: Publications by CARTA Fellows Published Papers 1. Adebowale, A. S., Fagbamigbe, A. F., Morakinyo, O., Obembe, T., Afolabi, R. F., & Palamuleni, M. E. (2019). Parental Educational Homogamy and Under-Five Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Clarifying the Association’s Intricacy. Scientific African, 7, e00255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00255 2. Adebowale, A., Obembe, T., & Bamgboye, E. (2019). Relationship between household wealth and childhood immunization in core-North Nigeria. African Health Sciences, 19(1), 1582–1593. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.33 3. Adebusoye, L. A., Cadmus, E. O., Owolabi, M. O., & Ogunniyi, A. (2019). Frailty and mortality among older patients in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Ghana Medical Journal, 53(3), 210–216. https://doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v53i3.5 4. Adedini, S. (2019). Poor maternal and health care utilization in Nigeria: Does partner's age difference matter? Ile Ife Review. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331773318_Poor_maternal_and_child_health_care_utilizat ion_in_Nigeria_Does_partners'_age_difference_matter 5. Adedini, S. A., Omisakin, O. A., & Somefun, O. D. (2019). Trends, patterns and determinants of long-acting reversible methods of contraception among women in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS ONE, 14(6), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217574 6. Adedokun, S. T., & Uthman, O. A. (2019). Women who have not utilized health Service for Delivery in Nigeria: Who are they and where do they live? BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2242-6 7. Adegoke, O. A., Thomas, O. E., Amao, S. A., Agboola, S. O., & Omotosho, A. E. (2019). A new method for the microdetermination of Para-aminophenol in generic brands of paracetamol tablets. Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 26(1), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/25765299.2019.1585513 8. Adejumo, M., Igwe, C., & Sridhar, M. K. C. (2019). Utilization of Urine for Cultivation of Selected Vegetable Crops in Backyard “Peeponics.” Journal of Environmental Protection, 10(01), 22–38. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2019.101002 9. Adeomi, A. A., Secondary, C. A., Author, C., & Adeomi, A. A. (2019). Nutritional status and Cardiometabolic health among adolescents ; findings from southwestern Nigeria. BMC Nutrition, 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-019-0308-5 10. Adeoye, I. A., & Fagbamigbe, A. F. (2019). What is the Link between Malaria Prevention in Pregnancy and Neonatal Survival in Nigeria? African Journal of Reproductive Health, 23(1), 139–149. https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2019/v23i1.14 11. Adesoye, T., Kameswara, M., Sridhar, C., Coker, A. O., & Adejumo, M. (2019). Landscaping of Residential Estates as a Mitigation Measure to Reduce Carbon Dioxide and Temperature Levels in Inner Ibadan City , Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 7(5), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20190705.11 12. Agunbiade, O. M., & Gilbert, L. (2019). “The night comes early for a woman”: Menopause and sexual activities among urban older Yoruba men and women in Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Women and Aging, 0(0), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/08952841.2019.1593772 13. Ajao, A. E., & Adeoye, I. A. (2019). Prevalence, risk factors and outcome of congenital anomalies among neonatal admissions in OGBOMOSO, Nigeria. BMC Pediatrics, 19(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1471-1 14. Ajayi, A. I., & Somefun, O. D. (2019). Transactional sex among Nigerian university students: The role of family structure and family support. PLoS ONE, 14(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210349 15. Akinwaare, M. O., Ogbeye, G. B., & Ejimofor, N. (2019). Social Support during Pregnancy among Pregnant Women in Ibadan, Nigeria. International Journal of Nursing, Midwife and Health Related Cases, 5(1), 14– 26.

16. Akinwaare, M. O., Ogueze, C. N., & Aluko, J. O. (2019). Preventive Measures of Anemia in Pregnancy Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Ibadan , Nigeria. Nursing & Primary Care, 3(4), 1– 5. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336473877%0APreventive 17. Akinwaare, M., & Oluwatosin, A. (2019). Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Classes at Primary Health Center in Ibadan, Nigeria. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 09(10), 1358–1364. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2019.910131 18. Akinyemi, J. O., Odimegwu, C. O., Banjo, O. O., & Gbadebo, B. M. (2019). Clustering of infant deaths among Nigerian women: investigation of temporal patterns using dynamic random effects model. Genus, 75(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-019-0058-x 19. Akinyemi, J. O., Odimegwu, C. O., Banjo, O. O., & Gbadebo, B. M. (2019). Clustering of infant deaths among Nigerian women: investigation of temporal patterns using dynamic random effects model. Genus, 75(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-019-0058-x 20. Alade, O. T., Lawal, F. B., & Dentistry, C. (2019). A pilot trial of the impact of financial incentive on the utilization of dental services among civil servants in Ibadan ,Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine, 17(1). 21. Amberbir, A., Lin, S., Berman, J., Muula, A., Darren, J., Wroe, E., . . . Van, O. J. (2019). Systematic Review of Hypertension and Diabetes Burden, Risk Factors, and Interventions for Prevention and Control in Malawi: The NCD BRITE consortium:. Global Heart. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2019.05.001 22. Ana A. Baumann, Vincent Mutabazi, Angela L. Brown, Cole Hooley, D. R., & Cecile Ingabire, Vedaste Ndahindw, Aurore Nishimwe, W. Todd Cade, Lisa de las Fuentes, Enola K. Proctor, Stephen Karengera, Kenneth B. Schecthman, Charles W. Goss, K. Y. (2019). Dissemination and Implementation Program in Hypertension in Rwanda: Report. In Physiology & behavior (Vol. 176). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.040 23. Anywar, G., Kakudidi, E., Byamukama, R., Mukonzo, J., Shubert, A., & Oryem-Origa, H. (2019). Indigenous traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used by herbalists in treating opportunistic infections among people living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 246(August 2019), 112205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112205 24. Aridegbe, M., Adeoye, I., & Oguntade, A. (2018). Obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia among human immunodeficiency virus patients in Abeokuta Ogun State, Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Cardiology, (October), 45–49. https://doi.org/10.4103/njc.njc 25. Avogo, W. A., & Somefun, O. D. (2019). Early marriage, cohabitation, and childbearing in West Africa. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9731756 26. Bagweneza, V., Musabirema, P., Mwiseneza, M. J., Collins, A., & Bhengu, B. R. (2019). Diabetes health education: nurses’ knowledge of essential components at a Rwandan hospital. Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2(2), 172. https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v2i2.13 27. Bakuwa, T., Pilusa, S., & Saloojee, G. (2019). The value of a short practical training course for newly qualified therapists working with children with Cerebral Palsy in South Africa. . African Journal of Disability. 28. Balogun, F. M. (2019). The state of adolescent immunization in Nigeria: a wakeup call for all stakeholders. The Pan African Medical Journal, 33, 294. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2019.33.294.18940 29. Balogun, J. A., Akwada, O., Awana, E., & Balogun, F. M. (2019). Access to the intensive care unit by severe head injury patients. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 10(4), 666–671. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399476 30. Banda, G. T., Mwale, G., Chimwala, M., Malimusi, L., & Chisati, E. (2019). Common impairments and functional limitations of HIV sequelae that require physiotherapy rehabilitation in the medical wards at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Malawi: A cross sectional study. Malawi Medical Journal, 31(3), 171– 176. https://doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v31i3.2 31. Bloomfield, G. S., Kirwa, K., Agarwal, A., Eliot, M. N., Alenezi, F., Carter, E. J.,.. Wellenius, G. A. (2019). Effects of a Cookstove Intervention on Cardiac Structure, Cardiac Function, and Blood Pressure in Western Kenya. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 32(3), 427–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2018.11.013

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126. Richards, S., Vanleeuwen, J., Peter, S. G., Wichtel, J., Kamunde, C., Uehlinger, F., & Gitau, G. (2019, October). Impact of mineral feeding on reproductive efficiency on smallholder dairy farms in Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural Developmen, 31(6), 1–14. Retrieved from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd31/6/srich31080.html 127. Sears, K., Ross-White, A., Godfrey, C., Peter, D., Kinengyere, A. A., & Obasola, O. I. (2019). A collaboration for the promotion of evidence synthesis: A Canadian-African Partnership. Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association / Journal de l’Association Des Bibliothèques de La Santé Du Canada, 40(2), 45–50. https://doi.org/10.29173/jchla29397 128. Serem, E., Abuom, T., Peter, S., Gakuya, D., Kirui, G., & Mbuthia, P. (2019). Microcardia Associated with Traumatic Reticulo Pericarditis (TRP) In an Adult Female Ayrshire Cow: A Case Report. International Journal of Veterinary Science, 8(2), 73–78. 129. Shoko, M., Ginsburg, C., Levin, J., Nieuwoudt, S., & Kahn, K. (2019). Orphan hood, Access to Information and HIV knowledge among female adolescents in Malawi. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2019.1619891 130. Shumbusho, J. P., Duanmu, Y., Kim, S. H., Bassett, I. V., Boyer, E. W., Ruutiainen, A. T., . . . Henwood, P. C. (2019). Accuracy of Resident-Performed Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound Examinations Versus Chest Radiography in Pneumothorax Follow-up After Tube Thoracostomy in Rwanda. Journal of ultra sound in Medicine. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jum.15126 131. Solanke, B. L., Oyinlola, F. F., Oyeleye, O. J., & Ilesanmi, B. B. (2019). Maternal and community factors associated with unmet contraceptive need among childbearing women in Northern Nigeria. Contraception and Reproductive Medicine, 4(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40834-019-0093-1 132. Somefun, O. D. (2019). Religiosity and sexual abstinence among Nigerian youths: Does parent religion matter? BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6732-2 133. Somefun, O. D., Wandera, S. O., & Odimegwu, C. (2019). Media Exposure and HIV Testing Among Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence From Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). SAGE Open, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019851551 134. Ssemugabo, C., Rutebemberwa, E., Kajungu, D., Pariyo, G. W., Hyder, A. A., & Gibson, D. G. (2019). Acceptability and use of interactive voice response mobile phone surveys for noncommunicable disease behavioral risk factor surveillance in Rural Uganda: Qualitative study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(12). https://doi.org/10.2196/15000 135. Ssemugabo, C., Wafula, S. T., Ndejjo, R., Oporia, F., Osuret, J., Musoke, D., & Halage, A. A. (2019). Knowledge and practices of households on safe water chain maintenance in a slum community in Kampala City, Uganda. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 24(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-019-0799-3 136. Sugarman, J., Lin, L., Baeten, J. M.-P., Brown, E., Matovu, K. F., Mgodi, N., . . . Team., M.-0. S. (2019). Preventive Misconception and Risk Behaviors in a Multinational HIV Prevention Trial. AJOB empirical bioethics. Retrieved from doi: 10.1080/23294515.2019.1593257 137. Thomas, H. S., Weiser, T. G., Drake, T. M., Knight, S. R., Fairfield, C., Ademuyiwa, A. O., … Blanco, R. (2019). Pooled analysis of who surgical safety checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy. British Journal of Surgery, 106(2), e103–e112. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11051 138. Thomas, O. E., Itopa, M. O., & Adegoke, O. A. (2019). Heavy metal contamination of paediatric paracetamol and ascorbic drugs produxts in South-West, Nigeria. West African Journal of Pharmacy, 30(2), 66–74. 139. Ugalahi, M. O., Olusanya, B. A., Fagbemi, O. O., & Baiyeroju, A. M. (2019). Delays in uptake of surgery for childhood cataract at a child eye health tertiary facility in sub-Saharan Africa. European Journal of Ophthalmology, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1177/1120672119827770 140. Van, S. K., & Buchanan, H. (2019). Novice occupational therapists: Navigating complex practice contexts in South Africa. Australian Journal of Occupational Therapy. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1440- 1630.12564 141. Wilhelm, J. A., Paina, L., Qiu, M., Zakumumpa, H., & Bennett, S. (2019). The differential impacts of PEPFAR transition on private for-profit, private not-for-profit and publicly owned health facilities in Uganda. Health Policy and Planning, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz090 54

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Book Chapters 1. Anywar, G. (2019). Wild Plants as Sources of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods in Africa. In J. N. Govil & M. Pathak (Eds.), RPMP Vol. 42—Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (Volume 42, pp. 23–37). Studium Press LLC, U.S.A. 2. Godwin, A. (2018). Phytochemicals as nutraceuticals and pharmafoods. In C. Egbuna, Jonathan Chinenye Ifemeje, S. C. Udedi, & S. Kumar (Eds.), Phytochemistry-Fundamentals, Modern Techniques, and Applications (Volume1 ed., pp. 179–196). https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429426223-6 Policy Briefs 1. Musewa, A. (2019). Reclassify anthrax from a private to public good disease By Angella Musewa 1 Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Vet Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University. Blogs and Articles 1. Some of the risk factors of cancer by Cyril Nyalik in Kenya’s The Nairobian newspaper. 2. The role of the undocumented Nigerian medicine entrepreneurs in China and their role in availing health care services for African migrants by Kudus Oluwatoyin Adebayo https://www.iias.asia/the- newsletter/article/nigerian-medicine-entrepreneurs-field-encounters-guangzhou 3. CARTA fellows were showcased in an article by the South African Broadcasting Corporation following the Developing Excellence in Leadership, Training, and Science (DELTAS) Africa Annual General Meeting in Dakar, Senegal from July 15-18 http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/dakar-hosts-deltas-africa-scientific- conference

Annex 3: Publications by ADDRF Fellows 1. Babénoun, L. (2018). LES OBSTACLES PHYSIQUES ET combining quantitative and qualitative analysis. ECONOMIQUES A L’ACCES AUX for the quantitative method, data collection was SOINS DE SANTE MODERNES DANS done in households where, on the basis of simple L’OUEST DE LA PREFECTURE D. Université de Lomé. 2. Banin, A. N., Tuen, M., Bimela, J. S., Tongo, M., Zappile, P., Khodadadi‐Jamayran, A., … Duerr, R. (2019). Near full genome characterization of HIV‐1 unique recombinant forms in Cameroon reveals dominant CRF02_AG and F2 recombination patterns. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 22(7), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25362. 3. Busienei, P. J., Mokua, M. A., & Ogendi, G. M. (2019). Open Defecation Practices in Lodwar, Kenya: A Mixed-Methods Research. Environmental Health Insights, 13, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1178630219828370 4. Chijioke, C., Nnadozie, J., Chijioke, O., Okafor, O., & Olusina, D. (2014). Chronic toxicity of low dose monosodium glutamate and aspartame in albino wistar rats. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, 115, 353. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4611-7 5. Chollom, S. C., Egah, D. Z., Lar, P., Osawe, S., & Abimiku, A. (2018). Molecular Detection and Characterisation of Lassa Fever Virus among Patients Attending Tertiary Hospitals in Jos, Central Nigeria. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 28(4), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9734/JAMMR/2018/45277 6. Ejiofor, O. S., Ajunwa, O. M., Ezeudu, C. E., Emechebe, G. O., Okeke, K. N., Ifezulike, C. C., … Oli, A. N. (2018). The Bacteriology and Its Virulence Factors in Neonatal Infections: Threats to Child Survival Strategies. Journal of Pathogens, 2018, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4801247 7. Fisseha, G., Berhane, Y., & Worku, A. (2019). Quality of intrapartum and newborn care in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19, 37. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2184-z 8. Gebremichael, M. W., Worku, A., Medhanyie, A. A., Edin, K., & Berhane, Y. (2018). Women suffer more from disrespectful and abusive care than from the labour pain itself: A qualitative study from Women’s perspective. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-2026-4 9. Khisa, A. M., Nyamongo, I. K., Omoni, G. M., & Spitzer, R. F. (2019). A grounded theory of regaining normalcy and reintegration of women with obstetric fistula in Kenya. Reproductive Health, 16(1), 29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0692-y 10. Koku, AVOUGLA*, Sélom Komlan NOUSSOUKPOE, B. L. (2018). La prise en charge sanitaire des refugiés ivoiriens souffrant des maladies chroniques au sein du camp d’avepozo au Togo. Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Vol 12, n°, 109. 11. Mbada, C. E., Olaoye, M. I., Dada, O. O., Ayanniyi, O., Johnson, O. E., Odole, A. C., … Makinde, M. O. (2019). Comparative Efficacy of Clinic-Based and Telerehabilitation Application of Mckenzie Therapy in Chronic Low-Back Pain. International journal of telerehabilitation, 11(1), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2019.6260 12. Mula, C. T., Human, N., & Middleton, L. (2019). An exploration of workarounds and their perceived impact on antibiotic stewardship in the adult medical wards of a referral hospital in Malawi: a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1), 64. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-3900-0 13. Mula, C. T., Middleton, L., Human, N., & Varga, C. (2018). Assessment of factors that influence timely administration of initial antibiotic dose using collaborative process mapping at a referral hospital in Malawi: a case study of pneumonia patients. BMC Infectious Diseases, 18(1),697. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3620-9

14. Ogbuabor, D. C., & Onwujekwe, O. E. (2018). Implementation of free maternal and child healthcare policies: assessment of influence of context and institutional capacity of health facilities in South-east Nigeria. Global Health Action, 11(1), 1535031. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2018.1535031 15. Ogbuabor, D. C., & Onwujekwe, O. E. (2019). Aligning public financial management system and free healthcare policies: lessons from a free maternal and child healthcare programme in Nigeria, health Econ Rev, 9(1), 17. http://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-019-0235-9 16. Ogbuabor, D. C., & Onwujekwe, O. E. (2019). Governance of tuberculosis control programme in Nigeria. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 8(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-019-0556-2 17. Ogbuabor, D. C., Onwujekwe, O. E., & Ezumah, N. (2019). Muddling through policymaking: A complex adaptive systems perspective on policy changes in a free maternal and child healthcare program in Enugu State, Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract, 22(5), 682-691. https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp_379_18 18. Ojiako, C. M., Okoye, E. I., Oli, A. N., Ike, C. J., Esimone, C. O., & Attama, A. A. (2019). Preliminary studies on the formulation of immune stimulating complexes using saponin from Carica papaya leaves. Heliyon, 5(6), e01962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01962 19. Oladepo, O., Dipeolu, I. O., & Oladunni, O. (2019). Nigerian rural mothers’ knowledge of routine childhood immunizations and attitudes about use of reminder text messages for promoting timely completion. Journal of Public Health Policy, (123456789). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-019-00180-7 20. Oli, A. N., Agu, R. U., Ihekwereme, C. P., & Esimone, C. O. (2017). An evaluation of the cold chain technology in South-East, Nigeria using Immunogenicity study on the measles vaccines. The Pan African Medical Journal, 27(Supp 3), 28. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2017.27.3.11491 21. Oli, A. N., Akabueze, V. B., Ezeudu, C. E., Eleje, G. U., Ejiofor, O. S., Ezebialu, I. U., … Okeke, K. N. (2017). Bacteriology and Antibiogram of Urinary Tract Infection Among Female Patients in a Tertiary Health Facility in South Eastern Nigeria. The Open Microbiology Journal, 11(1), 292–300. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801711010292 22. Oli, A. N., Eze, D. E., Gugu, T. H., Ezeobi, I., Maduagwu, U. N., & Ihekwereme, C. P. (2017). Multi-antibiotic resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacteria pose a challenge to the effective treatment of wound and skin infections. Pan African Medical Journal, 27, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2017.27.66.10226 23. Pain, L., Mbada, C. E., Makinde, M. O., Odole, A. C., Dada, O. O., Ayanniyi, O., … Gambo, I. P. (2019). Comparative effects of clinic- and virtual reality-based Mckenzie extension therapy in chronic non-specific low-back pain, 20(3), 66–79. https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2019.83998 24. Sirili, N., Frumence, G., Kiwara, A., Mwangu, M., & Goicolea, I. (2019). “Doctors ready to be posted are jobless on the street …” the deployment process and shortage of doctors in Tanzania. Human Resources for Health, 17(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-019-0346-8 25. Soubeiga, S. T., Bazie, B., Compaore, T. R., Ouattara, A. K., Zohoncon, T. M., Obiri-Yeboah, D., … Simpore, J. (2018). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance in a subset of mothers and their infants receiving antiretroviral treatment in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Journal of public health in Africa, 9(1), 767. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2018.767. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2018.767 26. Soubeiga, S. T., Yonli, A. T., Compaore, R. T., Ouattara, A. K., Diarra, B., Obiri-Yeaboah, D., … Djigma FW, S. J. (2010). Risk factors associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1, spontaneous abortion and infant mortality in HIV-1 infected Women in Burkina Faso: a prospective study. J Biosc Med, 6 (10): 12. https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2018.610003 27. Taderera, B. H. (2019). Community health volunteers and their role in health system strengthening in peri- urban areas: A qualitative study of Epworth, Zimbabwe. International Journal of Healthcare Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2019.1647379

28. Thuita, A. W., Kiage, N. B., Onyango, A. N., & Makokha, A. (2019). Characteristics of Type 2 Diabetes Patients and Their Association with the Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Factors at Thika Level Five Hospital in Kenya. International Journal of Diabetes and endocrinology, 4(2), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20190402.11 29. Tweheyo, R., Reed, C., Campbell, S., Davies, L., & Daker-white, G. (2019). ‘I have no love for such people, because they leave us to suffer’: a qualitative study of health workers’ responses and institutional adaptations to absenteeism in rural Uganda. BMJ Glob Health, 4(3), e001376. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001376 30. Ugwu, C. (2019). Framing Local Attitudes to a Modern Health Intervention in the Neoliberal Order – Culturalism and Malaria Control in Southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Asian and African Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909619856638 31. Zulu, J. M., Kinsman, J., Hurtig, A. K., Michelo, C., George, A., & Schneider, H. (2019). Integrating community health assistant-driven sexual and reproductive health services in the community health system in Nyimba district in Zambia: mapping key actors, points of integration, and conditions shaping the process. Reproductive Health, 16(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0788-4 Blogs and Articles 32. How to protect yourself from hypertension threat by Cosmas Mugambi in the Business Daily https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/lifestyle/fitness/How-to-protect-yourself-from- hypertension/4258372-5198450-h3613c/index.html.

Annex 4: APHRC Blogs and Articles 1. Adolescent Mental Health in Kenya: Where Is the Data? by Frederick Wekesah (PDRH) 2. Kenyan approach holds promise for boosting early childhood education by Moses Ngware (EYE) 3. Fresh insights into the lives of Kenya’s urban teen mothers by Estelle Sidze (MCW) 4. Why fixing Africa’s data gaps will lead to better health policies by Kadengye, Mbuthia, Kabaria (DME) 5. Hints Don’t Work –It’s Time for Real Talk by Sally Odunga (PDRH) 6. What is Research Misconduct? by Wanjiru Murigi (DME) 7. Support systems necessary for the health and wellbeing of Kenyan teen mums by Carol Wangui (MCW) 8. SRHR, a viable path to achieving universal health coverage by Meggie Mwoka (PEC) 9. Kenyan hospital opens human milk bank – a rarity in sub-Saharan Africa by Elizabeth Kimani (MCW) 10. Are you at risk of hypertension? by Shukri Mohamed (HSH) 11. APHRC expands its presence with regional office in West Africa by Siki Kigongo (PEC) 12. Firming up partnerships with Kenyan academia by Alex Gateri (RCS) 13. Jubilee Education Fund: An Initiative to Educate the Poor by Salma Musa (DME) 14. Kenya responded fast to Ebola scare, but cross-border risk remains high by Abdhalah Ziraba (HSH) 15. Pastoralism: An African population phenomenon that needs the attention of researchers by Uwizeye Dieudonne (EYE/RCS) 16. Maternal health as a pillar of Universal Health Coverage by Isaac Kisiangani (HSH) 17. Women Deliver- reflections on power by Lynette Kamau (PEC) 18. The WHO wants to rid the world of hepatitis by 2030: why it’s a tough ask by Pauline Bakibinga (HSH) 19. Lessons from Kenya on how to boost breastfeeding rates by Elizabeth Kimani (MCW) 20. Providing Nairobi’s mothers with subsidised day-care will benefit everyone by Margaret Nampija/ Patricia Wekulo (MCW) 21. Beating the plastic pollution, one establishment at a time by Kanyiva Muindi (UWB) 22. Workplace support for breastfeeding mothers at APHRC by Florence Sipalla (PEC) 23. It takes a village to breastfeed a child - embracing the baby-friendly community initiative by Elizabeth Mwaniki (MCW) 24. Education is key to fighting HIV among adolescents and young people in Kenya by Elvis Wambiya/Abdhalah Ziraba (HSH) 25. How outbreaks like Ebola extract huge social and economic costs by Abdhalah Ziraba (HSH) 26. Why we should invest in technical and vocational colleges") by Vollan Ochieng' (EYE) 27. Recognising intersex people opens access to fundamental rights in Kenya by Boniface Ushie (PDRH) 28. A look at the immunization agenda in the African context by Jane Mangwana (PEC) 29. Kampala banks on technology to manage its prodigious poo problem by Ken Wekesah (PEC) 30. Bad habits drive health risks among Kenya’s urban poor by Frederick Wekesah (PDRH) 59

31. Leaving noone behind: addressing adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health needs is critical for the African continent by Anthony Ajayi (PDRH) 32. Putting adolescent girls at the front and center of the family planning agenda by Michelle Mbuthia (PEC) 33. Waste not: Poverty stricken slum-dweller turns poo into gold by Ken Wekesah (PEC) 34. Good Health through the Life-course: Recognizing Older Persons’ role in Sustainable Development by Pauline Bakibinga (HSH) 35. Why it’s dangerous for Tanzania to withhold information about Ebola fears by Abdhalah Ziraba (HSH) 36. World Mental Health Day: Suicide in Kenya by Fred Wekesah (PDRH) 37. Where Kenya is spending money on education - and what’s missing by Moses Ngware (EYE) 38. How better information will reduce maternal and child deaths by Cheikh Mbacke (DME) 39. We need to talk: Confronting the challenges in collecting and using health data in Africa by Mbuthia, Kadengye and Kabaria (DME) 40. Walking the Talk: Making data work for Africa’s population and health sector by Mbuthia, Kadengye and Kabaria (DME) 41. Immunization advocates call for reforms in vaccine supply chain to bolster Universal Health Coverage by Ken Wekesah (PEC) 42. We asked Nigerian students about transactional sex in campus by Anthony Ajayi and Meggie Mwoka (PDRH/PEC)

Annex 5: Microdata Portal Requests

1. Two doctoral students from Michigan University will be visited the center for a two months’ internship from 27th May to 28th June. They are using DSS data as part of PhD research.

2. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA Published paper on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Global Health Action utilizing the NUHDSS data.

3. A PhD student from McMaster University, Canada requested to use the NUHDSS for part of his PhD.

4. Peter Waiswa (Makerere University) and INDEPTH Network MNCH team, published the paper “Status of birth and pregnancy outcome capture in Health Demographic Surveillance Sites in 13 countries” in International Journal of Public Health using the NUHDSS data.

5. A master’s student from Antwerpen University, Belgium used the Pregnancy data from the NUHDSS for her Master’s Thesis

6. Anthony Keats, Wesleyan university “ KENYA - Monitoring and assessing the impact of vaccinations and other childhood interventions for both boys and girls 2011”

7. Qinye Jiang, University of California, Davis, “ Indicator Development Surveillance for Urban Emergencies 2011”

8. Cara Janusz University of Michigan “NUHDSS-Household Amenities and characteristics Information for All Households 2002-2015 2002”

9. Cherie Saulter, PhD candidate at American University “Nairobi Cross-sectional Slums Survey (NCSS), 2012, 2nd Survey 2012”

10. Nango Wilbert from The University of Nairobi “Verbal Autopsy, Causes of deaths 2002-2015 2002”

11. Alex Hinga, KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme for PhD Thesis “Verbal Autopsy, Causes of deaths 2002-2015 2002”

12. Sylvia Muyingo ,APHRC “Vaccination registration for all children under five years of age - 2002-2015 - 2015”

13. Ivy Chumo, APHRC, ”Household Amenities and characteristics Information for All Households 2002-2015 - 2015”

14. Samuel Iddi ,APHRC, “Household Amenities and characteristics Information for All Households 2002-2015 - 2015”

15. Steve Cygu , McMaster University, “Pregnancy Outcome and Birth Registration 2002-2015 - 2015”

16. Martin Mulwa, Masters of Arts in Economics, School of Economics, University of Nairobi, ” Nairobi Cross- sectional Slums Survey (NCSS), 2012, 2nd Survey 2012”

17. John Porth, PhD in Epidemiology student University of Michigan, “Household Amenities and characteristics Information for All Households 2002-2015 2002”

Annex 6: APHRC Funders/Donors Units Donors DME - CDC – PEPFAR - ICAP at Columbia University - CIFF - Hewlett - SIDA - UNHCR - USAID- Palladium EYE - DFID - Avanti Communications - Echidna Giving - Shwab Charitable - Stichting Benevolentia - Porticus Africa Limited - Wellspring Philanthropic Fund HSH - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation - Community Health Center Busabala - GCRF - Newcastle University - IDRC - University of Ghana - MRC - London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine - The University of Sheffield - University of Warwick - National Human Genome Research Institute - Wits Health Consortium Ltd - National Institute of Health Research - NIHR - Oxford University - Ohio State University - London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine - Stichting - Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development- AIGHD - PharmAccess International - Sanofi - Wits Health Consortium (Pty) Ltd MCW - AIGHD - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation - British Academy - CICF - Comic Relief - DFID-PATH - Echidna Giving - Elma Philanthropies - Episcopal Relief Development - Grand Challenges - Heinrich Boll Stiftung - PATH - UNICEF - United Nations University - USAID-URC - Wellcome Trust PDRH - BMGF - CIFF 62

- DFID/Pop Council - Ford Foundation - Gates- LSHTM) - Hewlett - Hewlett- Columbia University - IDRC - International Rescue Committee - Ipas - SIDA - University of Queensland UWB - BMGF - Grand Challenges Research Fund (GCRF)- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) - International food policy research institute (IFPRI) - Leading Integrated Research (LIRA) in Africa- Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) - The Royal Society - University of York - Wellcome Trust- University College London - APHRC 2018 Research innovation and ideation prize AAD - David and Lucille Packard - International Association for Gerontology and Geriatrics (IAGG) WARO - Canadian Network of Maternal and Child Health - IDRC - UNICEF USA - John Hopkins University PEC - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation - International Development Research Centre (IDRC) - Hivos - UNAIDS RCS - DELTAS - Carnegie Corporation of New York - SIDA - German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) - Uppsala Monitoring Center (UMC) - WHO - NIH - Africa Research Excellence Fund (AREF) - MasterCard Foundation - Swedish Research Council - Economic and Social Research Council - DFID - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Annex 7: APHRC Partners Research Division 1. Mum, Baby and Love 39. Maxwell Stamp 2. Pharmaccess 40. Ebony State University- Nigeria 3. Val Partners 41. Centre de Recherche en Santer de Nouna (CSRSN)- 4. Kidogo Innovations Burkina Faso 5. Val Partners Limited 42. International Center of Research on Women 6. University of Ghana (ICRW) 7. Loghborough University 43. Institut Superieur des Sciences de la Population 8. Sister’s maternity hospital (Simaho) (ISSP) 9. PHCEC 44. University of Ouagadougo Burkina Faso 10. Loughborough University 45. Academy for Health Development (AHEAD) - 11. Jomo Kenyatta University Nigeria 12. Pathfinder 46. Guttmacher Insitute 13. Melchizedek Hospital 47. Well-Told Stories 14. Langata Hospital 48. Marie Stopes Kenya 15. St. John’s Hospital Githurai 49. Triggerise 16. University of the Witwatersrand 50. University College London 17. University of Warwick 51. Ardhi University 18. Lancaster University 52. SIDAREC 19. Independent University Bangladesh 53. SLUMCHILD Foundation 20. The Aga Khan University 54. Slum TV, 21. University of Ibadan 55. Water Aid Tanzania 22. University of Keele 56. Water Aid Regional Office for EA 23. Community Health Center Busabala 57. LVCT Health 24. University of Oxford 58. The University of York 25. University of Amsterdam 59. Loughborough University 26. The Ghana Health Service 60. University of Stirling 27. National Research Institute for Sustainble 61. The University Court of the University of Glasgow Development 62. Coventry University, University of Portsmouth 28. University of Health & Allied Sciences Higher Education Corporation 29. University of Ghana 63. Swedish Environmental Insitute- Africa 30. Newcastle University 64. International Institute for Enviromental and 31. I-day Uganda Development (IIED) 32. Elimu Yetu Coalition 65. Institute of Occupational Medicine, Shack/ Slum 33. TenMet Dwellerts International - Kenya 34. Fawe Senegal 66. Muungano, The Horn of Africa Environment 35. Miss Koch Network (HOAREC), 36. U-Tena Youth Organization 67. University of Nairobi- Insitute of Development 37. Countless Studies. 38. AFIDEP

PEC Division 1. Institute for Public Finance Kenya 10. East, Central and Southern Africa Health 2. Community Health Partners Community (ECSA-HC) 3. Health NGO’s Network (HENNET) 11. Partners in Population and Development Africa 4. Kenya Paediatric Research Consortium. Regional Office (PPD–ARO) 5. SEND Ghana 12. UNFPA 6. Hope for Future Generations (HFFG) 13. ESARO 7. Ghana Coalition of NGOs in Health (GCNH) 14. Sweden’s regional SRHR team with technical 8. FENOS-CI - Cote D'ivoire support from CHAI 9. Jimma University

RCS Division African Partners Non-African, Northern and Southern Partners CARTA CARTA 1. Makerere University 15. Brown University 2. Moi University 16. Canadian Coalition for the Global Health Research, 3. University of Nairobi University of Toronto 4. KEMRI/ Wellcome Trust Research Program 17. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 5. African Population and Health Research Center Switzerland (APHRC) 18. University of Gothenburg, Sweden 6. Ifakara Health Institute 19. Umea University 7. University of Malawi 20. University of Warwick, United Kingdom 8. University of Witwatersrand 21. WHO Special Programme for Research and Training 9. Agincourt Population and Health Unit in Tropical Disease (TDR) 10. University of Rwanda 22. ESE: O, Chile & University of Chile 11. Obafemi Awolowo University 12. University of Ibadan

RCS 13. Inter-University Council for East Africa 14. International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology

Annex 8: Social Media Analytics Twitter

Facebook

YouTube

www.aphrc.org website

Annex 9: Media Hits and Requests - The Hot_96 morning breakfast show on ‘The International Day of Women and Girls in Science’ marked annually with discussions on women in science and the KTN live show on 8 days left to the national headcount, what is the importance of the exercise? - Media breakfast and media coverage for the CD2030 regional meeting with coverage by Radio Africa’s news segments on Kiss 100 and 105.9FM. - The Daily Nation also did a follow-up interview with the Executive Director, Dr. Catherine Kyobutungi which was published on the Healthy Nation Supplement on September 24. - Interview on teenage pregnancies on Switch TV and ‘Otherwise Podcast’ - Panel discussion on drug and substance abuse among children on Citizen TV’s ‘Sema na Citizen’ - Right to Food under MCW unit had several appearances on different media houses including BBC Radio, NTV, KTN. - The Human Milk Banking project under MCW made several appearances with different media houses including Reuters and Voice of America. - Public Engagement Project interviews by Reuters, panel discussions on KTN News and NTV Today as well as being live on BBC Radio Swahili. - UWB held a series of Community Dialogues while screening a documentary on faecal waste management with Slum TV. - Two RCS CARTA fellows also appeared on various media outlets; interview on interviewed on radio about breastfeeding in the workplace (https://soundcloud.com/user-662329775/radio-interview-about- breastfeeding-in-the-workplace) and another interview on the link between politics and maternal health by the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC).

Annex 10: Capacity strengthening events for policy engagement for APHRC and partners Type of capacity building activity Number of participants Purpose of the event Venue/country Male Female 1. Budgeting analysis for advocacy 11 3 Enhance capacity of Ivorian CSO partners in understanding and synthesising budgets for effective Côte d’Ivoire advocacy for domestic financing in health 2. Policy advocacy, communications Total 15 To equip Ghanaian CSOs with knowledge and tools that will enable them effectively use evidence in Ghana and evidence use advocacy for immunization

3. Coaching on policy relevant research Total 15 To coach potential IUSSP Fellows on developing policy informed proposals Uganda 4. Policy advocacy, communications Total 20 To equip Kenyan CSOs with knowledge and tools that will enable them effectively use evidence in Kenya and evidence use advocacy for immunization 5. Policy advocacy, communications Total 14 To equip Ivorian CSOs with knowledge and tools that will enable them effectively use evidence in Côte d’Ivoire and evidence use advocacy for immunization. 6. Budget analysis for advocacy Total 12 Enhance capacity of Ghana CSO partners in understanding and synthesising budgets for effective Ghana advocacy for domestic financing in health. 7. A two-day advocacy skills-building Total: 200 To equip young advocates working or interested in the SRHR sector with advocacy and MEL skills. Nairobi, Kenya workshop for ICPD-U boot camp in November. 8. Three-day bespoke training in Total 4 Fellows affiliated to the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP) were Xiamen, China November equipped with skills to engage decision-makers at all levels and how to use research and expertise to contribute to policy debates in their area of work. 9. Mentorship sessions and review of Total 15 Held mentorship sessions with the 15 fellows and provided feedback and guidance on their proposals Entebbe, Uganda policy sections for IUSSP cohort two to ensure their research is implemented with the awareness of the policy environment and how to fellowship applicants engage decision-makers. 10. Total 15 Nairobi, Kenya Through CPSE collaboration, the The training provided a comprehensive orientation to the theory and practice of problem-based HEARD Institute facilitated a training political-economic analysis (PB-PEA). It culminated in the development of three draft concept notes session on political economy and protocols for Zambia (abortion), Malawi (ASRHR), and Kenya(LGBTQ). analysis in Nairobi, 4 - 6 December 2019. All CPSE team members and senior APHRC staff were in attendance.

11 Total 50 Namibia Southern Africa Development The capacity development sessions delved into sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) for Cooperation – Parliamentary Forum researchers, forum staff, legal drafters, and chairpersons and vice-chairpersons of standing (SADC-PF) capacity strengthening committees of (SADC-PF). CPSE facilitated four sessions on qualitative research, research for workshop, South Africa, 2 - 7 parliamentarians, evidence-based policymaking, and politics of SRHR terminologies. February 2020. 12 APHRC and Statistics Sierra Leone Total 70 Meeting validated the research objectives, scope, and methodology of the access to safe abortion Freetown (Stats SL) held a national study. It brought together stakeholders from the Ministry of Health, academics, civil society stakeholder consultative workshop, organizations (CSOs), and the former Minority Leader of Parliament, who sponsored the 2015 Safe March 2020, Freetown. Abortion Bill, among others. The AYV Television, the largest TV network in Sierra Leone, covered the event and aired it in their Prime Time News (Fast-forward this link 20 minutes, to watch the

coverage). Two national newspapers carried front-page reports on the planned survey partnership between Stats SL and APHRC. 13 Senate Committee Public Hearing on Total 30 CPSE team submitted oral and written submission to Kenya’s Senate Committee Public Hearing on Nairobi Reproductive Health Bill(Kenya), 12 Reproductive Health Bill. The presentation was well received and the Senators were fully engaged and March 2020. raised questions and most agreed to our recommendations. They committed to considering our recommendations and further contact us if the need arises. 14 The CPSE team, EANNASO, UNFPA, Total 70 The aim of the workshop was to orient EALA members of parliament on the SRHR situation in East Bujumbura EAC, and EALA organized an SRHR Africa and to examine the legal and policy landscape. The CPSE team presented an overview of the bill workshop from January 22 – 27, SRHR situation in the region highlighting key issues, statistics, facts, figures, and case studies on 2020, in Bujumbura, Burundi. An abortion, SRHR, gender based violence, harmful practices, and HIV. There was agreement on a MoU was signed with EANNASO and common position on contested areas of the SRHR bill and the development of a road map for the re- regional EAC/EALA SRHR bill development of the EAC SRHR bill. workshop 15 In January 2020, the CPSE project EANNASO and the regional SRHR steering committee will use the one-pager in their engagements Nairobi received and responded to a with parliamentarians and the public. The request also included a presentation on the overview of the request from EANNASO, EAC, and evidence, statistics, and case studies on SRHR in the EAC member states. EALA to develop a three-page paper for use by MPs and CSOs on why the EAC region needs SRHR legislation and another one-pager on why the EALA needs the SRHR bill. 16 In February 2020, a parliamentary Utilizing graphics, CPSE prepared the presentation, focusing on the current situation of early Nairobi researcher from Namibia requested pregnancy, factors contributing to unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortion, consequences of a presentation on ending teenage early pregnancy and unsafe abortion, and recommendations to address the challenges raised. The pregnancy and unsafe abortion for presentation was well-received by the researcher and the Secretary General of SADC-PF. use in a meeting of the Regional Sectoral Policy Dialogue with Religious and Traditional Leaders from 16 SADC countries. 17 In March 2020, the Kenya AIDS CPSE developed a seven-pager of evidence and statistics on teenage pregnancy, unsafe abortion, Nairobi NGOs Consortium (KANCO) HIV/AIDS and STIs, harmful practices directly addressing all the issues requested by the policy actor. requested CPSE to provide data and information on the main SRH problems of young people and the prevalence of internet use among young people (14-24) in Kenya and the legal obstacles and others to open information sharing, access to abortion, and misinformation.

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