FLOW MONITORING REPORT - Reporting Period - Report #2017-3 01/03/2017-31/03/2017

Data collected in each point is triangulated with key informants and cross-referenced by DTM’s experts. However, considering that migrants adjust their routes according to opportunities and obstacles they find along their journey, their intended transit and destination locations might often change, making the systematic assessment of their mobility throughout West and North Africa more complex . Therefore, data collected in destination locations may not always reflect flows detected in transit locations. All data included in this report is based on estimations. IOM does not make any warranties or representations as to the appropriateness, quality,

Since February 2016, IOM Niger has been carrying out flow monitoring of migrants at two points in Niger in the region of . This flow monitoring does not replace border monitoring nor does it claim to observe all migratory flows in the . Flow monitoring points (FMPs) are active in Séguédine and Arlit, two towns in the Agadez region. Flow monitoring points are placed at known migrant transit points along the Niger migratory route. The data collected provides a snapshot of migrant movements through the region. DEFINITIONS USED Incoming individuals observed: This refers to individuals who arrive in the flow monitoring points (which are not located at borders) with the intention of heading further in towards Niger. They are represented by the yellow arrows on the map.

Outgoing individuals observed: This refers to individuals who arrive in the flow monitoring points (which are not located at borders) with the intention of heading outwards towards the borders of Niger. They are represented by orange arrows on the map. Base Map Source: ESRI. This map is for illustration purposes only. The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names, and related data shown on maps and included in this report are not warranted to be free of error nor do they imply judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptan ce of such boundaries by IOM.

MAIN FINDINGS FOR MARCH 2017 4,781 # Outgoing individuals observed in FMPs during recording This month, as has been the case for this year, the incoming migrants recorded period at the flow monitoring point of Séguédine continue to be significantly higher # Incoming individuals observed in FMPs during recording than the recorded outgoing migrants. This trend is explained by the fact that 8,416 period FMP migrants are using alternative routes to go towards Libya to avoid being intercepted and so when they are leaving Niger they go around the Séguédine 2 NUMBER OF ACTIVE FMPs in NIGER flow monitoring point. However when migrants are coming back into Niger ASSESSMENT TYPE: Daily from Libya they do not face the same risks if they are intercepted by security forces and so can feel more at ease in going directly through Séguédine. This Number of individuals Detected in Niger Flow Monitoring Points in March phenomenon was further recorded during an evaluation mission that IOM 1800 Outgoing Incoming Series1 Series2 carried out in the area surrounding and Séguédine in the north-eastern 1600 flow flow part of the Agadez region were many alternative routes were mapped and 1400 visualised. 1200 However at the Arlit flow monitoring point, outgoing flows towards Assamaka 1000 and are higher than incoming flows. 800 Of the 13,000 migrants recorded at the flow monitoring points in the reporting 600 period (March 2017), 9 000 of those were recorded at the Séguédine flow 400 monitoring point with 2 500 migrants recorded as outgoing and 6 500 recorded 200 in the incoming flow. The remaining 4 000 migrants were recorded at the Arlit 0 1.3.17 8.3.17 15.3.17 22.3.17 29.3.17 flow monitoring point with 2 200 in the incoming flow and 1 800 in the outgoing flow. CUMULATIVE DETECTED FLOWS IN NIGER FLOW MONITORING POINTS SINCE MARCH 2016

Monthly total of migrants identified at flow monitoring points in Niger between February 2016 and March 2017 80000 71,904 70000 60000 56,676 48,969 50000 42,081 40000 31,503 32,784 27,239 30000 21,786 23,778 17,707 20000 15,631 12,654 11,457 12,923 8,856 9,071 10,163 8,424 8,416 10000 6,524 6,329 4,781 4,084 5,521 3,413 1,663 1,207 1,290 0 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16 May-16 Jun-16 Jul-16 Aug-16 Sep-16 Oct-16 Nov-16 Dec-16 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Outgoing Flow Incoming Flow COMPILED FLOWS OBSERVED IN NIGER IN 2016 AND 2017 Outgoing flows observed through Outgoing flows observed through Observed Flows in 17,634 Niger FMPs in 2017 Observed Flows in 333,891 Niger FMPs in 2016 2017 Incoming flows observed through 2016 111,230 Incoming flows observed through 44,079 Niger FMPs in 2017 Niger FMPs in 2016

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION - FLOW MONITORING REPORT 1 FLOW MONITORING POINT 1: ARLIT, AGADEZ REGION, NIGER 6,347 Outgoing flows observed Arlit in 2017 33,690 Outgoing flows observed Arlit in 2016 Observed Flows in 2017 Observed Flows in 2016 6,117 Incoming flows observed Arlit in 2017 31,537 Incoming flows observed Arlit in 2016

# Outgoing flows observed in Arlit Main modes of transport for 2,218 during the reporting period migrants departing from Arlit: Arlit is located 230 km north of Agadez, on the main road Private vehicle and bus # Incoming flows observed in Arlit between Agadez and the Algerian city of Tamanrasset. The 1,866 during the reporting period FMP town grew around the industry and serves as Main modes of transport for a rest point for movements between Algeria and Niger. migrants arriving in Arlit: The main arrivals and departures to and from Arlit are by Private vehicle and bus ASSESSMENT TYPE: DAILY private vehicle (55%) and public bus (43%).

Number of migrants recorded by month for the Arlit flow monitoring point 7,000 5,927 outgoing incoming 6,000 4,154 4,773 5,000 2,892 4,517 2,548 3,976 3,480 2,982 4,000 3,549 3,639 1,545 2,615 3,209 2,077 2,720 2,924 3,000 2,331 2,521 2,470 2,218 1,923 2,052 1,866 1,781 2,000 1,269 760 973 1,000

- FÉVR MARS AVR MAI JUIN JUIL AOÛT SEPT OCT NOV DÉC JANV FÉVR MARS 2016 2017

Main Countries of Origin Of Outgoing Migrants Main Countries of Origin Of Incoming Migrants

Other 24% Other 21% There is a variety of nationalities present at the Arlit flow Niger 21% monitoring point with a similar representation of Niger 30% Mali 13% nationalities in the incoming and outgoing flows. The main Guinea 10% Mali 14% nationality present in both the outgoing and incoming flows Cameroon 9% Guinea 10% are Nigeriens with 30% in the outgoing flow and 21% Nigeria 8% represented in the incoming flow. There is then a mix of Cameroon 9% Liberia 6% Burkina Faso 5% nationalities present with migrants from Mali, Guinea Nigeria 9% Cote d'Ivoire 5% Conakry, Cameroon and Nigeria mostly represented.

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% FLOW MONITORING POINT 2: SEGUEDINE, AGADEZ REGION, NIGER

11,287 Outgoing flows observed Séguédine in 2017 291,912 Outgoing flows observed Séguédine in 2016 Observed Flows in 2017 Observed Flows in 2016 37,962 Incoming flows observed Séguédine in 2017 87,982 Incoming flows observed Séguédine in 2016

# Outgoing Flows detected in Séguédine Séguédine is one of the northernmost towns in Niger, over 2,563 during the reporting period Main modes of transport for 600 km from Agadez and 300km from Libya. Due to arriving migrants in Séguédine: FMP Private vehicle increased insecurity in the region, government authorities have regulated migrant convoy departures. Departures to 6,550 # Incoming flows detected in Séguédine during the reporting period Main modes of transport for Séguédine are now regulated more strictly and migrant migrants departing from Séguédine: movements are taking roads around Séguédine to avoid ASSESSMENT TYPE: DAILY Private vehicle some of the tighter security controls.

Number of migrants recorded by month for the Séguédine flow monitoring point 80,000 70,000 67,750 outgoing incoming 60,000 53,694 50,000 46,421 40,000 39,361 4,277 28,888 30,263 30,000 25,458 18,306 20,569 2,563 20,000 14,158 3,089 4,447 5,964 10,858 6,940 6,550 10,000 2,815 6,740 6,524 6,727 7,028 5,954 447 1,545 1,490 - 317 FÉVR MARS AVR MAI JUIN JUIL AOÛT SEPT OCT NOV DÉC JANV FÉVR MARS 2016 2017

Main Countries of Origin Of Outgoing Migrants Main Countries of Origin Of Incoming Migrants

Other 1% Other 2% Niger 25% The main nationalities coming into Séguédine from Libya Nigeria 20% Niger 87% are Nigeriens as they are finding it easier to return. In Gambia 14% Nigeria 6% addition migrants from third countries generally stay in Senegal 12% Libya due to the difficulties there and find it more difficult Cote d'Ivoire 6% Mali 2% to return into Niger. Guinea 6% Gambia 1% Guinea-Bissau 5% In parallel, the outgoing flow is representative of Ghana 4% Chad 1% nationalities moving out of Niger and towards Libya, with Togo 3% Ghana 1% almost exclusively West African nationalities. Mali 3% 0% 50% 100% 0% 10% 20% 30%

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION - FLOW MONITORING REPORT 2 FLOW MONITORING METHODOLOGY

WHAT IS FLOW MONITORING? Flow Monitoring is a component of IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM). It has been developed to track migrant flows (groups or individuals) through data collections carried out at key points of origin, transit and/or destination. The purpose of Flow Monitoring is to provide regularly updated information on the scale and profiles of population movements (migrants, internally displaced persons, returnees, etc.) through specific locations. The information and analysis provided through the flow monitoring methodology also helps to better understand and define shortcomings and priorities in the provision of assistance along the displacement/ migratory routes. The purpose of Flow Monitoring is not to replace border monitoring or border surveillance. Data collected by IOM flow monitoring exercises does not replace government border controls and should not be interpreted as such.

A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF MIGRATORY FLOWS, A REGIONAL INCENTIVE IN WEST AFRICA? Monitoring population movements in West and Central Africa represents an important regional initiative. It allows for a better understanding of intentions, trends, routes, risks as well as demographic and socio-economic profiles of migrants. It serves as a common source of data contributing to informed policymaking by authorities in countries of origin, transit and destination. IOM aims to install over thirty of these flow monitoring points throughout the West and Central African region to assist the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants.

HOW IS FLOW MONITORING SET UP IN FIELD ENVIRONMENTS? Flow monitoring is composed of three tools. Assessment of areas with high mobility, regular monitoring of locations with high mobility, indepth surveys done with migrants at these locations. These tools can be deployed simultaneously or separately.

FLOW MONITORING METHODOLOGY

ASSESSMENT OF AREAS OF HIGH MOBILITY DTM experts in the field identify strategic locations for the establishment of monitoring locations/points from where data collection will take place. The identification of the flow monitoring points (FMPs) can be done either while conducting 1 baseline assessments, through specific field assessment, or through consultation with key informants and/or desk review of secondary data.

REGULAR FLOW MONITORING IN PRE-DEFINED LOCATIONS This tool consists of collecting information on the number and frequency of individuals transiting or moving through a 2 particular location. Several techniques of flow monitoring and population movement tracking are available and are deployed depending on the context and volume of flows identified

FLOW MONITORING SURVEYS

DTM teams carry out regular surveys with migrants at flow monitoring point locations (flow monitoring surveys FMS). The 3 purpose of these surveys is to collect individualised data on the demographic and socio economic profile of migrants as well as collecting more specific information related to vulnerabilites, intentions, journeys and risks faced by migrants.

DATA QUALITY CONTROL The methodology employs multi-layered data collection with various levels of granularity to allow for consistency checks. The team rigorously checks for data quality during the data collection, processing and analysis process.

DATA PROTECTION Personal data collected by IOM and the protection of such data is subject to IOM's data protection principles.

A full methodological document is available on request.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION DTM Niger’s activities are supported by: Displacement Tracking Matrix - IOM Niger [email protected] www.globaldtm.info/niger Credentials: When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as follows: “Source: International Organization for Migration (IOM), (month,year), Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM)”.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION - FLOW MONITORING REPORT 3