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Inside Knowledge 2018 Ovarian Cancer Factsheet

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Inside Knowledge 2018 Ovarian Cancer Factsheet OVARIAN CANCER About Gynecologic Cancer There are five main types of cancer that affect a woman’s reproductive organs: cervical, ovarian, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar. As a group, they are referred to as gynecologic (GY-neh-kuh-LAH-jik) cancer. (A sixth type of gynecologic cancer is the very rare fallopian tube cancer.) This fact sheet about ovarian cancer is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Inside Knowledge: About Gynecologic Cancer campaign. The campaign helps women get the facts about gynecologic cancer, providing important “inside knowledge” about their bodies and health. What is ovarian cancer? Cancer is a disease in which cells Who gets ovarian cancer? in the body grow out of control. All women are at risk for ovarian cancer, but older women are more Cancer is always named for the likely to get the disease than younger women. About 90 percent of part of the body where it starts, women who get ovarian cancer are older than 40, with the greatest even if it spreads to other body number of ovarian cancers occurring in women aged 60 years or older. parts later. Each year, approximately 21,000 women in the United States get ovarian When cancer starts in the ovaries, cancer. Among women in the United States, ovarian cancer is the eighth it is called ovarian cancer. Women most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death. have two ovaries that are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. The ovaries make female hormones and produce eggs. What raises a woman’s chance or grandmother) on either your of getting ovarian cancer? mother’s or your father’s side When ovarian cancer is found who have had ovarian cancer. in its early stages, treatment is There is no way to know for sure if most effective. you will get ovarian cancer. Most • Having had breast, uterine, or women who get it don’t have a family colorectal cancer. history of ovarian cancer. However, • Having an Eastern European the following factors may increase (Ashkenazi) Jewish background. a woman’s risk for ovarian cancer: • Having never given birth or having • Being middle-aged or older. had trouble getting pregnant. • Having close family members • Having endometriosis (a (such as your mother, sister, aunt, condition where tissue from the lining of the uterus grows elsewhere in the body). Fallopian Tube Ovary If you have one or more of these Uterus factors, it does not mean you will Cervix get ovarian cancer. But you should Vagina speak with your doctor or other Vulva health professional about your risk. cdc.gov/cancer/knowledge 800-CDC-INFO How can I prevent ovarian However, here are steps you can take: cancer? • Pay attention to your body, and What are the signs and There is no known way to prevent know what is normal for you. symptoms of ovarian cancer? ovarian cancer. But these things • If you notice any changes in Ovarian cancer may cause one may lower your chance of getting your body that are not normal ovarian cancer: or more of these signs and for you and could be a sign symptoms: • Having used birth control pills of ovarian cancer, talk to your for more than five years. doctor and ask about possible • Vaginal bleeding (particularly causes, such as ovarian cancer. if you are past menopause) or • Having given birth. • Ask your doctor if you discharge from your vagina that • Having had a tubal ligation should have a test, such as a is not normal for you. (getting your tubes tied), rectovaginal pelvic exam, a both ovaries removed, or • Pain or pressure in the pelvic or transvaginal ultrasound, or a hysterectomy (an operation abdominal area (the area below CA-125 blood test if: your stomach and in between in which the uterus, and sometimes the cervix, is — You have any unexplained signs your hip bones). removed). or symptoms of ovarian cancer. • Back pain. These tests sometimes help find • Breastfeeding. Some studies or rule out ovarian cancer. • Bloating, which is when the suggest that women who area below your stomach swells breastfeed for a year or more — You have had breast, uterine, or feels full. may have a modestly reduced or colorectal cancer; or a close relative has had ovarian cancer. • Feeling full too quickly or risk of ovarian cancer. difficulty eating. Are there tests that can What should I do if my doctor • A change in your bathroom find ovarian cancer early? says I have ovarian cancer? habits, such as more frequent There is no simple and reliable If your doctor says that you have or urgent need to urinate and/ way to test for ovarian cancer in ovarian cancer, ask to be referred or constipation. women who do not have any signs to a gynecologic oncologist—a Pay attention to your body, and or symptoms. The Pap test does doctor who has been trained to know what is normal for you. not screen for ovarian cancer. treat cancers like this. This doctor If you have vaginal bleeding The only cancer the Pap test will work with you to create a that is not normal for you, see screens for is cervical cancer. treatment plan. a doctor right away. If you have any of the other signs for two weeks or longer, see a doctor. These symptoms may be caused Where can I find more by something other than cancer, but the only way to know is to see information about ovarian your doctor. Treatment is most and other gynecologic effective when ovarian cancer is cancers? found and treated early. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 800-CDC-INFO or www.cdc.gov/cancer/ gynecologic National Cancer Institute: 800-4-CANCER or www.cancer.gov cdc.gov/cancer/knowledge 800-CDC-INFO About Gynecologic Cancer CDC Publication #99-9124, Revised January 2019.
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